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Bauleo A, Montesanto A, Pace V, Guarasci F, Apa R, Brando R, De Stefano L, Sestito S, Concolino D, Falcone E. 7p22.2 Microduplication: A Pathogenic CNV? Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1292. [PMID: 37372471 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Partial duplication of the short arm of chromosome 7 is a rare chromosome rearrangement. The phenotype spectrum associated with this rearrangement is extremely variable even if in the last decade the use of high-resolution microarray technology for the investigation of patients carrying this rearrangement allowed for the identification of the 7p22.1 sub-band causative of this phenotype and to recognize the corresponding 7p22.1 microduplication syndrome. We report two unrelated patients that carry a microduplication involving the 7.22.2 sub-band. Unlike 7p22.1 microduplication carriers, both patients only show a neurodevelopmental disorder without malformations. We better characterized the clinical pictures of these two patients providing insight into the clinical phenotype associated with the microduplication of the 7p22.2 sub-band and support for a possible role of this sub-band in the 7p22 microduplication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bauleo
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vincenza Pace
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Guarasci
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosalbina Apa
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rossella Brando
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura De Stefano
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Simona Sestito
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela Concolino
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Science of Health, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elena Falcone
- BIOGENET, Medical and Forensic Genetics Laboratory, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
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Microdeletions and microduplications linked to severe congenital disorders in infertile men. Sci Rep 2023; 13:574. [PMID: 36631630 PMCID: PMC9834233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the clinical validity of DNA copy number variants (CNVs) in spermatogenic failure (SPGF) is limited. This study analyzed the genome-wide CNV profile in 215 men with idiopathic SPGF and 62 normozoospermic fertile men, recruited at the Andrology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Estonia. A two-fold higher representation of > 1 Mb CNVs was observed in men with SPGF (13%, n = 28) compared to controls (6.5%, n = 4). Seven patients with SPGF were identified as carriers of microdeletions (1q21.1; 2.4 Mb) or microduplications (3p26.3, 1.1 Mb; 7p22.3-p22.2, 1.56 Mb; 10q11.22, 1.42 Mb, three cases; Xp22.33; 2.3 Mb) linked to severe congenital conditions. Large autosomal CNV carriers had oligozoospermia, reduced or low-normal bitesticular volume (22-28 ml). The 7p22.3-p22.2 microduplication carrier presented mild intellectual disability, neuropsychiatric problems, and short stature. The Xp22.33 duplication at the PAR1/non-PAR boundary, previously linked to uterine agenesis, was detected in a patient with non-obstructive azoospermia. A novel recurrent intragenic deletion in testis-specific LRRC69 was significantly overrepresented in patients with SPGF compared to the general population (3.3% vs. 0.85%; χ2 test, OR = 3.9 [95% CI 1.8-8.4], P = 0.0001). Assessment of clinically valid CNVs in patients with SPGF will improve their management and counselling for general and reproductive health, including risk of miscarriage and congenital disorders in future offspring.
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Mohamed AM, Kamel AK, Eid MM, Eid OM, Mekkawy M, Hussein SH, Zaki MS, Esmail S, Afifi HH, El-Kamah GY, Otaify GA, El-Awady HA, Elaidy A, Essa MY, El-Ruby M, Ashaat EA, Hammad SA, Mazen I, Abdel-Salam GMH, Aglan M, Temtamy S. Chromosome 9p terminal deletion in nine Egyptian patients and narrowing of the critical region for trigonocephaly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1829. [PMID: 34609792 PMCID: PMC8606205 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to delineate the clinical phenotype of patients with 9p deletions, pinpoint the chromosomal breakpoints, and identify the critical region for trigonocephaly, which is a frequent finding in 9p terminal deletion. Methods We investigated a cohort of nine patients with chromosome 9p terminal deletions who all displayed developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features. Of them, eight had trigonocephaly, seven had brain anomalies, seven had autistic manifestations, seven had fair hair, and six had a congenital heart defect (CHD). Results Karyotyping revealed 9p terminal deletion in all patients, and patients 8 and 9 had additional duplication of other chromosomal segments. We used six bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones that could identify the breakpoints at 17–20 Mb from the 9p terminus. Array CGH identified the precise extent of the deletion in six patients; the deleted regions ranged from 16 to 18.8 Mb in four patients, patient 8 had an 11.58 Mb deletion and patient 9 had a 2.3 Mb deletion. Conclusion The gene deletion in the 9p24 region was insufficient to cause ambiguous genitalia because six of the nine patients had normal genitalia. We suggest that the critical region for trigonocephaly lies between 11,575 and 11,587 Mb from the chromosome 9p terminus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the minimal critical region reported for trigonocephaly in 9p deletion syndrome, and it warrants further delineation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Mohamed
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa K Kamel
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M Eid
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Eid
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Mekkawy
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shymaa H Hussein
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samira Esmail
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan H Afifi
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Y El-Kamah
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Otaify
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Ahmed El-Awady
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Aya Elaidy
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Y Essa
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona El-Ruby
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Engy A Ashaat
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saida A Hammad
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Human Cytogenetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Inas Mazen
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada M H Abdel-Salam
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Aglan
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia Temtamy
- Division of Human Genetics and Genome Research, Department of Clinical Genetics, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Brunetti S, Malerba L, Giordano L, Parrini E, Guerrini R, Palumbo G, Parazzini C, Bestetti I, Accorsi P. Cerebral folate transporter deficiency syndrome in three siblings: Why genetic testing for developmental and epileptic encephalopathies should be performed early and include the FOLR1 gene. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:2526-2531. [PMID: 34008900 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral folate transporter deficiency syndrome, caused by FOLR-1 mutations is characterized by late infantile onset, severe developmental regression, epilepsy, and leukodystrophy. An extremely low concentration of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in the cerebrospinal fluid provides a crucial clue to its diagnosis and is a treatment target. Oral or intravenous folinic acid (5-formyltetrahydrofolate) administration improves clinical symptoms and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. We describe three siblings carrying a novel homozygous FOLR1 nonsense mutation, that were referred due to intractable epilepsy and progressive neurological decline. Brain MRI showed hypomyelination and cerebellar atrophy. Folinic acid (oral and intravenous) supplementation, initiated after over 15 years illness, has failed to result in any sizeable clinical or neurophysiological improvement. Cerebral folate transport deficiency bears overlapping clinical features with many severe developmental encephalopathies. It is crucial to recognize FOLR1 signs and establish an early clinical and molecular diagnosis in order to provide timely folinic acid treatment and improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brunetti
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Malerba
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucio Giordano
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Parrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Centre, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Neurobiology Unit and Laboratories, Neuroscience Centre, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palumbo
- Neuroradiology Department, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Parazzini
- Pediatric radiology and neuroradiology Department, Children's Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bestetti
- Research Laboratory of Medical Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Accorsi
- Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Children Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
Many of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) molecules play pivotal roles in cell communication. The Sidekick (Sdk) gene, first described in Drosophila, encodes the single-pass transmembrane protein, Sdk, which is one of the largest among IgSF membrane proteins. Sdk first appeared in multicellular animals during the Precambrian age and later evolved to Sdk1 and Sdk2 in vertebrates by gene duplication. In flies, a single Sdk is involved in positioning photoreceptor neurons and their axons in the visual system and is responsible for dynamically rearranging cell shapes by strictly populating tricellular adherens junctions in epithelia. In vertebrates, Sdk1 and Sdk2 are expressed by unique sets of cell types and distinctively participate in the formation and/or maintenance of neural circuits in the retina, indicating that they are determinants of synaptic specificity. These functions are mediated by specific homophilic binding of their ectodomains and by intracellular association with PDZ scaffold proteins. Recent human genetic studies as well as animal experiments implicate that Sdk genes may influence various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, addiction, and depression. The gigantic Sdk1 gene is susceptible to erratic gene rearrangements or mutations in both somatic and germ-line cells, potentially contributing to neurological disorders and some types of cancers. This review summarizes what is known about the structure and roles of Sdks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Yamagata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Peterson JF, Geddes GC, Basel DG, Schippman D, Grignon JW, vanTuinen P, Kappes UP. Inheritance of a Balanced t(12;20)(q24.33;p12.2) and Unbalanced der(13)t(7;13)(p21.3;q33.2) from a Maternally Derived Double Balanced Translocation Carrier. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 7:35-39. [PMID: 29441220 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1605592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We report a 4-month-old male proband with a history of prominent forehead, hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, micrognathia, hypospadias, and multiple cardiac abnormalities. Initial microarray analysis detected a concurrent 7p21.3-p22.3 duplication and 13q33.2-q34 deletion indicating an unbalanced rearrangement. However, subsequent conventional cytogenetic studies only revealed what appeared to be a balanced t(12;20)(q24.33;p12.2). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using chromosome-specific subtelomere probes confirmed the presence of an unbalanced der(13)t(7;13)(p21.3;q33.2) and balanced t(12;20)(q24.33;p12.2), both of maternal origin. In addition to our unique clinical findings, this case highlights the benefits and limitations of both conventional cytogenetic studies and microarray analysis and how FISH complements each methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess F Peterson
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Gabrielle C Geddes
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Donald G Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.,Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Dana Schippman
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John W Grignon
- Wisconsin Diagnostic Laboratories, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Peter vanTuinen
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ulrike P Kappes
- Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States.,The Advanced Genomics Laboratory at Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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