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Passias PG, Onafowokan OO, Joujon-Roche R, Smith J, Tretiakov P, Buell T, Diebo BG, Daniels AH, Gum JL, Hamiltion DK, Soroceanu A, Scheer J, Eastlack RK, Fessler RG, Klineberg EO, Kim HJ, Burton DC, Schwab FJ, Bess S, Lafage V, Shaffrey CI, Ames C. Expectations of clinical improvement following corrective surgery for adult cervical deformity based on functional disability at presentation. Spine Deform 2024; 12:1431-1439. [PMID: 39083198 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-024-00896-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess impact of baseline disability on HRQL outcomes. METHODS CD patients with baseline (BL) and 2 year (2Y) data included, and ranked into quartiles by baseline NDI, from lowest/best score (Q1) to highest/worst score (Q4). Means comparison tests analyzed differences between quartiles. ANCOVA and logistic regressions assessed differences in outcomes while accounting for covariates (BL deformity, comorbidities, HRQLs, surgical details and complications). RESULTS One hundred and sixteen patients met inclusion (Age:60.97 ± 10.45 years, BMI: 28.73 ± 7.59 kg/m2, CCI: 0.94 ± 1.31). The cohort mean cSVA was 38.54 ± 19.43 mm and TS-CL: 37.34 ± 19.73. Mean BL NDI by quartile was: Q1: 25.04 ± 8.19, Q2: 41.61 ± 2.77, Q3: 53.31 ± 4.32, and Q4: 69.52 ± 8.35. Q2 demonstrated greatest improvement in NRS Neck at 2Y (-3.93), compared to Q3 (-1.61, p = .032) and Q4 (-1.41, p = .015). Q2 demonstrated greater improvement in NRS Back (-1.71), compared to Q4 (+ 0.84, p = .010). Q2 met MCID in NRS Neck at the highest rates (69.9%), especially compared to Q4 (30.3%), p = .039. Q2 had the greatest improvement in EQ-5D (+ 0.082), compared to Q1 (+ 0.073), Q3 (+ 0.022), and Q4 (+ 0.014), p = .034. Q2 also had the greatest mJOA improvement (+ 1.517), p = .042. CONCLUSIONS Patients in Q2, with mean BL NDI of 42, consistently demonstrated the greatest improvement in HRQLs whereas those in Q4, (NDI 70), saw the least. BL NDI between 39 and 44 may represent a disability "Sweet Spot," within which operative intervention maximizes patient-reported outcomes. Furthermore, delaying intervention until patients are severely disabled, beyond an NDI of 61, may limit the benefits of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Passias
- Department of Orthopaedics, Neurological Surgery, New York Spine Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center-Orthopaedic Hospital, 301 East 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA.
| | - Oluwatobi O Onafowokan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Neurological Surgery, New York Spine Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center-Orthopaedic Hospital, 301 East 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Rachel Joujon-Roche
- Department of Orthopaedics, Neurological Surgery, New York Spine Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center-Orthopaedic Hospital, 301 East 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Justin Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA, US
| | - Peter Tretiakov
- Department of Orthopaedics, Neurological Surgery, New York Spine Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center-Orthopaedic Hospital, 301 East 17th St, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Thomas Buell
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, US
| | - Bassel G Diebo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, US
| | - Alan H Daniels
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, US
| | | | - D Kojo Hamiltion
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, US
| | - Alex Soroceanu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Justin Scheer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | | | - Richard G Fessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Il, US
| | | | - Han Jo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, US
| | - Douglas C Burton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, US
| | - Frank J Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
| | - Shay Bess
- Department of Spine Surgery, Denver International Spine Center, Presbyterian St. Luke's/Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children, Denver, CO, US
| | - Virginie Lafage
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, US
| | | | - Christopher Ames
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
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Mariaux F, Elfering A, Fekete TF, Porchet F, Haschtmann D, Reitmeir R, Loibl M, Jeszenszky D, Kleinstück FS, Mannion AF. The use of the Core Yellow Flags Index for the assessment of psychosocial distress in patients undergoing surgery of the cervical spine. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2024; 33:2269-2276. [PMID: 38642136 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-024-08190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial distress (the presence of yellow flags) has been linked to poor outcomes in spine surgery. The Core Yellow Flags Index (CYFI), a short instrument assessing the 4 main yellow flags, was developed for use in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. This study evaluated its ability to predict outcome in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. METHODS Patients with degenerative spinal disorders (excluding myelopathy) operated in one centre, from 2015 to 2019, were asked to complete the CYFI at baseline and the Core Outcome Measures Index (COMI) at baseline and 3 and 12 months after surgery. The relationship between CYFI and COMI scores at baseline as well as the predictive ability of the CYFI on the COMI follow-up scores were tested using structural equation modelling. RESULTS From 731 eligible patients, 547 (61.0 ± 12.5 years; 57.2% female) completed forms at all three timepoints. On a cross-sectional basis, preoperative CYFI and COMI scores were highly correlated (β = 0.54, in men and 0.51 in women; each p < 0.001). CYFI added significantly and independently to the prediction of COMI at 3 months' FU in men (β = 0.36) and 12 months' FU in men and women (both β = 0.20) (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The CYFI had a low to moderate but significant and independent association with cervical spine surgery outcomes. Implementing the CYFI in the preoperative workup of these patients could help refine outcome predictions and better manage patient expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Mariaux
- Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Centre Division, Schulthess Klinik, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Achim Elfering
- Institute for Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Markus Loibl
- Spine Centre, Schulthess Klinik, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Anne F Mannion
- Department of Teaching, Research and Development, Spine Centre Division, Schulthess Klinik, Lengghalde 2, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shi T, Chen Z, Li W, Wang Z, Liu W. Prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with cervical radiculopathy and an analysis of risk factors: a cross-sectional study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:1624-1635. [PMID: 36935452 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research has shown that many patients with musculoskeletal diseases suffer from sleep disturbances. However, the sleep quality of patients with cervical radiculopathy (CR) has yet to be fully investigated. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and status of sleep disturbances in patients with CR and identify the mechanisms and risk factors associated with this condition. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with CR. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to evaluate the sleep quality of patients and determine whether patients experience sleep disturbances. In addition, we analyzed the clinical and radiological risk factors of sleep disturbance and determined the key risk factors related to sleep disturbance by multivariable analysis. RESULTS According to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 186 patients with CR were finally included, with a mean age of 59.1 ± 14.3 years, of which 113 (60.8%) were female. Sleep disturbance was defined as a PSQI score ≥ 6 and was identified in 56.5% of patients (105/186). By performing multivariate analysis, we determined that sleep disturbance was closely related to the female gender, a higher Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score, a reduction in cervical mobility, an increase in C2-C7 sagittal vertical axis (C2-C7 SVA), and severe asymmetry of the paravertebral muscle at C5 and C6 levels. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified the high prevalence and potential high-risk factors of sleep disturbance in patients with CR. Clinicians should closely evaluate and monitor such patients and consider appropriate treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengbin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 086-350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 086-350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 086-350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 086-350001, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- School of Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Sang D, Xiao B, Rong T, Wu B, Cui W, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Liu B. Depression and anxiety in cervical degenerative disc disease: Who are susceptible? Front Public Health 2023; 10:1002837. [PMID: 36684946 PMCID: PMC9853204 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-operative depression and anxiety are associated with poorer patient-reported outcomes following cervical spine surgery. Identification of and interventions for these disorders are key to preventing related negative effects. However, most spine surgeons do not routinely evaluate mental health disorders. Few studies have investigated which patients with cervical degenerative disc diseases (CDDD) are susceptible to depression and anxiety. Objective To determine the factors associated with depression and anxiety in patients with CDDD. Methods Three hundred twelve patients with CDDD were recruited in this cross-sectional case-control study. Patients underwent a structured interview to acquire demographic and clinical characteristic information, which included the Neck Disability Index (NDI), modified Japanese Orthopedic Association (mJOA), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for neck/arm pain. Depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scales. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety. Results Of all patients, 102 (32.7%) had depression and 92 (29.5%) had anxiety. Two hundred six (66.0%) patients with neither depression nor anxiety were defined as the control group. Univariate analysis indicated that gender, educational level, occupation type, Charlson comorbidity index, symptom duration, symptomatology, surgery history, NDI, mJOA, VAS-neck, and VAS-arm scores were associated with depression and anxiety (except for symptom duration for anxiety). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that females [odds ratio (OR) 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.23], physical work (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.16-3.65), poor mJOA score (ORmoderate 2.67, 95% CI 1.40-5.07; ORsevere 7.63, 95% CI 3.85-15.11), and high VAS-neck score (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39) were independent risk factors for depression. Physical work (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.01-3.35), poor mJOA score (ORmoderate 2.66, 95% CI 1.33-5.33; ORsevere 9.26, 95% CI 4.52-18.99), and high VAS-neck score (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.19-1.51) were independent risk factors for anxiety. Conclusion Approximately one-third of patients with CDDD had depression or anxiety. Patients who engaged in heavy work and had severe symptoms (poor mJOA and high VAS-neck scores) are susceptible to depression and anxiety. Additionally, female patients are susceptible to depression. Our findings may help identify CDDD patients with depression and anxiety in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baoge Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mjåset C, Solberg TK, Zwart JA, Småstuen MC, Kolstad F, Grotle M. Anterior surgical treatment for cervical degenerative radiculopathy: a prediction model for non-success. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:145-157. [PMID: 36481873 PMCID: PMC9840586 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-022-05440-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE By using data from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery, we wanted to develop and validate prediction models for non-success in patients operated with anterior surgical techniques for cervical degenerative radiculopathy (CDR). METHODS This is a multicentre longitudinal study of 2022 patients undergoing CDR surgery and followed for 12 months to find prognostic models for non-success in neck disability and arm pain using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Model performance was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and a calibration test. Internal validation by bootstrapping re-sampling with 1000 repetitions was applied to correct for over-optimism. The clinical usefulness of the neck disability model was explored by developing a risk matrix for individual case examples. RESULTS Thirty-eight percent of patients experienced non-success in neck disability and 35% in arm pain. Loss to follow-up was 35% for both groups. Predictors for non-success in neck disability were high physical demands in work, low level of education, pending litigation, previous neck surgery, long duration of arm pain, medium-to-high baseline disability score and presence of anxiety/depression. AUC was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.75, 0.82). For the arm pain model, all predictors for non-success in neck disability, except for anxiety/depression, were found to be significant in addition to foreign mother tongue, smoking and medium-to-high baseline arm pain. AUC was 0.68 (95% CI, 0.64, 0.72). CONCLUSION The neck disability model showed high discriminative performance, whereas the arm pain model was shown to be acceptable. Based upon the models, individualized risk estimates can be made and applied in shared decision-making with patients referred for surgical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christer Mjåset
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway.
| | - Tore K Solberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery and The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery (NORspine), The University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
| | - Milada C Småstuen
- Department of Rehabilitation and Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Kolstad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Margreth Grotle
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4956, 0424, Oslo, Nydalen, Norway
- Department of Rehabilitation and Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavs Plass, P.O. Box 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Cai XY, Lin JH, Huang WC, Wu JC, Chen PY, Chiu HY. Sensory Symptoms and effects on Health-related Quality of Life of Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery. Pain Manag Nurs 2022; 24:216-221. [PMID: 36396530 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with lumbar degenerative spine diseases (LDSDs) commonly report sensory symptoms before and after lumbar spine surgery. AIM To explore the changing patterns of sensory symptoms-namely pain, numbness, stinging, itching, and burning-and investigate the influences of sensory symptom changes on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients who experienced lumbar spine surgery. METHODS All sensory symptoms (i.e., pain, numbness, paresthesia) were measured using a visual analog scale. The Chinese versions of the Oswestry Disability Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Clinically Useful Depression Outcome Scale, and EuroQol-five dimensions (EQ-5D) Scale were used to assess patients 1 week prior to surgery and 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery. A generalized estimating equation was used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 101 patients with mean age of 58.38 years were included. All sensory symptoms declined significantly over time (all p < .05) with the exception of itching (feeling on toes and thighs). Patients experiencing moderate-to-severe pain had poorer QoL over time, even after controlling for other sensory symptoms and potential confounders. CONCLUSIONS Sensory symptoms gradually declined after surgery, but itching symptom did not. Moderate-to-severe pain was the only sensory symptom that influenced HRQoL over time in patients with LDSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Cai
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jiann-Her Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Neural Regeneration, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jau-Ching Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial, Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Yean Chiu
- School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center of Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Geoghegan CE, Jadczak CN, Jacob KC, Patel MR, Cha EDK, Lynch CP, Mohan S, Singh K. History of Prior Lumbar Surgery Does Not Impact Mental Health Outcomes Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Clin Spine Surg 2022; 35:E737-E742. [PMID: 35696709 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of undergoing a prior lumbar procedure on mental health outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Revision and reoperations are perceived as risk factors for worse mental health outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of a surgical database was performed for cervical and lumbar procedures. The mental health measures used were: Short Form 12-Item Mental Composite Score (SF-12 MCS) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9). Secondary outcomes of interest were Visual Analogue Scale for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index, and Short Form 12-Item Physical Composite Score (SF-12 PCS). All outcomes were collected preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using established values. Patients were grouped based on the surgical history of an elective lumbar spine procedure and propensity-matched. Differences in postoperative outcome scores and MCID achievement were evaluated using linear and logistic regression respectively. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were included in this study. Mental health outcomes did not demonstrate significant differences between groups for SF-12 MCS and PHQ-9 for all time points except at 6 weeks for PHQ-9 ( P =0.038). MCID achievement was not significantly impacted by surgical history for all outcome measures at all postoperative time points (all P >0.050). The majority of patients achieved an MCID by the 1-year time point for all outcomes for patients without a prior lumbar surgery except for Visual Analogue Scale arm and SF-12 PCS, while those with a surgical history achieved an MCID for all outcomes except SF-12 PCS and PHQ-9. CONCLUSIONS Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion patients with a past history of lumbar surgery demonstrated significant improvements in depression, neck and arm pain, disability, and physical function as those without a past lumbar surgical history. Prior surgery also did not impact MCID achievement for all outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara E Geoghegan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Depression Increases Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion Revision Rates and Diminishes Neck Disability Index Improvement. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2022; 47:1287-1294. [PMID: 35853173 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE To determine if depression and/or anxiety significantly affect patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Mental health diagnoses are receiving increased recognition for their influence of outcomes after spine surgery. The magnitude that mental health disorders contribute to patient-reported outcomes following PCDF requires increased awareness and understanding. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of electronic medical records identified patients who underwent a PCDF at a single institution during the years 2013-2020. Patients were placed into either depression/anxiety or nondepression/anxiety group based on their medical history. A delta score (∆) was calculated for all PROMs by subtracting postoperative from preoperative scores. χ 2 tests and t tests were utilized to analyze categorical and continuous data, respectively. Regression analysis determined independent predictors of change in PROMs. Alpha was set at 0.05. RESULTS A total of 195 patients met inclusion criteria, with 60 (30.8%) having a prior diagnosis of depression/anxiety. The depression/anxiety group was younger (58.8 vs . 63.0, P =0.012), predominantly female (53.3% vs . 31.9%, P =0.007), and more frequently required revision surgery (11.7% vs . 0.74%, P =0.001). In addition, they had worse baseline mental component (MCS-12) (42.2 vs . 48.6, P <0.001), postoperative MCS-12 (46.5 vs . 52.9, P =0.002), postoperative neck disability index (NDI) (40.7 vs . 28.5, P =0.001), ∆NDI (-1.80 vs . -8.93, P =0.010), NDI minimum clinically important difference improvement (15.0% vs . 29.6%, P =0.046), and postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Neck scores (3.63 vs . 2.48, P =0.018). Only the nondepression/anxiety group improved in MCS-12 ( P =0.002) and NDI ( P <0.001) postoperatively. Depression and/or anxiety was an independent predictor of decreased magnitude of NDI improvement on regression analysis (β=7.14, P =0.038). CONCLUSION Patients with history of depression or anxiety demonstrate less improvement in patient-reported outcomes and a higher revision rate after posterior cervical fusion, highlighting the importance of mental health on clinical outcomes after spine surgery.
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Association of psychological factors with limb disability in patients with cervical radiculopathy: comparison with carpal tunnel syndrome. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:667. [PMID: 35831834 PMCID: PMC9281137 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regarding musculoskeletal conditions, patient’s psychological distress, are shown to be associated with higher disability. Cervical radiculopathy (CR) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), are two conditions caused by entrapment of cervical nerve roots and carpal median nerve, respectively. This study aims to investigate the association of psychological factors including depression, anxiety, and pain catastrophizing, with measures of upper limb patient-reported and performance-based disability, in patients with CR, and compare the obtained results with our similar study on CTS. Methods In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 92 patients with CR, and investigated their disability level using patient-reported questionnaires (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) and pain Likert Scale) and by measuring grip and pinch strength. We also assessed their psychological status with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire for depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A) and also Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) tools. We performed correlational coefficient analysis between disability and psychological scores and regression analysis of dependent variables (Pain, DASH, grip and pinch scores) and independent (psychological) variables. Finally, Z observed value was calculated to compare correlational coefficients between two diseases of CTS and CR. Results The results of the correlational coefficient analysis indicate that all three HADS-A, HADS-D and PCS scores correlated with DASH score (r = 0.49, 0.37, 0.38 for HADS-A, HADS-D and PCS, respectively; p < 0.001 for all three). HADS-A also significantly correlated with VAS pain score (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and grip strength (r = − 0.25, P = 0.016). Linear regression analysis revealed that anxiety has a notable value for DASH and VAS pain scores as well as grip strength. Fisher’s r correlation coefficient to z transformation, revealed that there was no difference between two diseases of CTS and CR in terms of the resulted r coefficients from correlational coefficient analysis between disability and psychological distress. Conclusion It is concluded that psychological disorders are associated with disability in CR patients, with anxiety also correlating with objective disability parameter of grip strength. Finally, both CTS and CR patients’ disabilities associate with anxiety, depression, and catastrophysing thinking in a similar manner. Level of evidence Level IV (cross-sectional study). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05593-2.
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Lynch CP, Cha ED, Patel MR, Jacob KC, Mohan S, Geoghegan CE, Jadczak CN, Singh K. Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Results in Clinically Significant Improvements in Patients With Preoperative Sleep Difficulties. Int J Spine Surg 2022; 16:1046-1053. [PMID: 35835574 PMCID: PMC9807043 DOI: 10.14444/8333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual items within the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) have not been assessed as predictors of postoperative outcomes. Our objective is to study the relationship between responses to individual PHQ-9 items and achievement of a minimum clinically important difference (MCID) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS A prospective surgical database was reviewed for primary, single-level ACDF procedures performed for degenerative spinal pathology. Patient demographics, preoperative spinal pathology, and perioperative characteristics were recorded. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including PHQ-9, visual analog scale (VAS) neck and arm, Neck Disability Index, 12-item Short Form physical component score (SF-12 PCS), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function were administered at preoperative and 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative timepoints. MCID achievement was determined by comparing postoperative PROM improvement from baseline to previously established values. Logistic regression assessed responses to each individual question of the preoperative PHQ-9 as predictors of MCID achievement in each other PROMs. RESULTS Sixty-six ACDF patients were included with a mean age of 47.2 years. Herniated nucleus pulposus was the most common preoperative spinal diagnosis (95.6%). The mean operative duration was 50.3 minutes, the mean estimated blood loss was 27.5 mL, and most patients were discharged on postoperative day 0 (81.8%). A majority of patients achieved MCID for all measures except SF-12 PCS. PHQ-9 question 3 significantly predicted MCID achievement for VAS neck (P = 0.045), VAS arm (P = 0.049), and SF-12 PCS (P = 0.037). No other PHQ-9 items or overall PHQ-9 scores significantly predicted MCID achievement. CONCLUSION Question 3 of the PHQ-9 regarding "trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or sleeping too much" significantly predicted clinically meaningful improvement in neck pain, arm pain, and physical function following ACDF, although overall PHQ-9 scores did not. Providers should inform patients experiencing significant sleep-related difficulties that they may be especially likely to benefit from ACDF surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Evaluation of sleep from the PHQ-9 predicts clinically relevant improvement in neck pain, arm pain, and physical function in patients undergoing ACDF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor P. Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elliot D.K. Cha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhav R. Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C. Jacob
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cara E. Geoghegan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline N. Jadczak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA, Kern Singh, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W Harrison St, Suite #300, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Colantonio DF, Nassr A, Freedman BA, Elder BD, Bydon M, Helgeson MD, Kepler CK, Sebastian AS, Wagner SC. The Effect of Preoperative Mental Health Status on Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Int J Spine Surg 2022; 16:233-239. [PMID: 35444032 PMCID: PMC9930666 DOI: 10.14444/8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of preoperative mental health on outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is of increasing interest. The purpose of this study was to utilize patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to compare outcomes after ACDF in patients with and without poor mental health. We hypothesized that patients with worse baseline mental health would report worse outcomes after surgery. METHODS Patients undergoing ACDF for degenerative cervical spondylosis with at least 12 months of follow-up were included. Outcomes collected before and after surgery included the RAND-36, Neck Disability Index (NDI), EuroQol 5-dimension (EQ-5D), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were included and assigned to the depression or nondepression group based on baseline mental health. The depression group had worse baseline preoperative scores across all PROMs: NDI (44.2 vs 36.8, P = 0.05), RAND (1511.4 vs 2198.18, P < 0.001), EQ-5D (12.55 vs 10.14, P < 0.001), and SANE (56.3 vs 72.9, P < 0.001). Postoperatively, the depression group had worse scores at the final follow-up for RAND (2242.8 vs 2662.2, P = 0.03) and SANE (71.5 vs 80.8, P = 0.02). Both groups experienced improvements with ACDF across all PROMs. The changes in each PROM were not statistically significant between groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the percentage of patients achieving the minimal clinically important difference across PROMs. CONCLUSION This study is the first to utilize the RAND-36, EQ-5D, NDI, and SANE scores to assess preoperative mental health and its effect on postoperative outcomes after ACDF. While poor preoperative mental health status yielded significantly worse baseline and postoperative outcomes scores, patients experienced significant improvement in symptoms after ACDF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2 CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians should be aware of the effects of poor mental health status on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical fusion, but can still expect significant clinical improvements after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald F. Colantonio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Nassr
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamad Bydon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melvin D. Helgeson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Scott C. Wagner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Impact of Prolonged Duration of Symptoms on Mental Health in Anterior Cervical Disectomy and Fusion Patients. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:e74-e82. [PMID: 34343162 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prolonged duration of symptoms is associated with worse pain and disability in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Our study aims to determine the effect of symptom duration on severity of depression among ACDF patients. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a prospective surgical database from 2006 to 2019 for primary, single, or multilevel ACDF. Patients missing the duration of symptom information or patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were excluded. PROMs included Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 12-Item Short Form Mental Component Score, and 12-Item Veterans RAND Mental Component Score and were collected at preoperative, 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year timepoints. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using the established values. Patients were categorized based on preoperative duration of symptoms as follows: <6 months, ≥6 months and <1 year, 1 to 2 years, and >2 years. Univariate analysis was done to determine differences in demographics and perioperative characteristics. Intergroup differences in PROMs and MCID achievement were evaluated using linear regression and logistic regression, respectively. RESULTS Two hundred thirty-one ACDF patients included had a mean age of 49.6 years and most were male (61.0%) and nonobese (<30 kg/m2; 55.0%). The groups differed by their American Society of Anesthesiologists classification (P = 0.029), workers' compensation status (P = 0.022), and diagnosis of herniated nucleus pulposus (P = 0.010). Postoperative mental health outcomes did not significantly differ between duration groups except for Veterans Rand-12 Mental Component Score at 12 weeks (P = 0.044). MCID achievement rates did not significantly differ. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing ACDF largely did not demonstrate differences in mental health scores or achievement of MCID based on the duration of symptoms.
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Chen J, Li JY, Tian GH, Qiu RJ, Zhao XQ, Di XS, Yuan QM, Long SW, Ran Y, Jia YS, Shang HC. A national snapshot of the impact of clinical depression on post-surgical pain and adverse outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy: 10-year results from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258517. [PMID: 34653189 PMCID: PMC8519476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with poorer outcomes in a wide spectrum of surgeries but the specific effects of depression in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and impact of pre-surgical clinical depression on pain and other outcomes after surgery for cervical degenerative disc disease using a national representative database. Data of patients with cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy were extracted from the 2005–2014 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Included patients underwent anterior discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Acute or chronic post-surgical pain, postoperative complications, unfavorable discharge, length of stay (LOS) and hospital costs were evaluated. Totally 215,684 patients were included. Pre-surgical depression was found in 29,889 (13.86%) patients, with a prevalence nearly doubled during 2005–2014 in the US. Depression was independently associated with acute or chronic post-surgical pain (aOR: 1.432), unfavorable discharge (aOR: 1.311), prolonged LOS (aOR: 1.152), any complication (aOR: 1.232), respiratory complications/pneumonia (aOR: 1.153), dysphagia (aOR: 1.105), bleeding (aOR: 1.085), infection/sepsis (aOR: 1.529), and higher hospital costs (beta: 1080.640) compared to non-depression. No significant risk of delirium or venous thrombotic events was observed in patients with depression as compared to non-depression. Among patients receiving primary surgery, depression was independently associated with prolonged LOS (aOR: 1.150), any complication (aOR:1.233) and postoperative pain (aOR:1.927). In revision surgery, no significant associations were found for prolonged LOS, any complication or pain. In conclusion, in the US patients undergoing ACDF, pre-surgical clinical depression predicts post-surgical acute or chronic pain, a slightly prolonged LOS and the presence of any complication. Awareness of these associations may help clinicians stratify risk preoperatively and optimize patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Yu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Jin Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Shi Di
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao-Mei Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shui-Wen Long
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Ran
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Song Jia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Cai Shang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lynch CP, Cha EDK, Jadczak CN, Mohan S, Geoghegan CE, Singh K. Impact of Depression on Patient Reported Outcomes Following Primary Versus Revision ACDF. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:1378-1386. [PMID: 33710110 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of depressive symptoms with patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients undergoing either primary or revision anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with poorer outcomes following ACDF. However, research examining the relationship between depression and PROMs in revision ACDF procedures is limited. METHODS A prospective database was retrospectively reviewed for primary or revision, single- or multilevel ACDF procedures from 2016 to 2019. Patients lacking preoperative Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) surveys were excluded. Demographic and perioperative characteristics were recorded and analyzed using Fisher's exact test or t test. Patient-reported outcome measures were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative improvement from baseline scores (ΔPROM) was calculated at all postoperative timepoints. Differences in mean PROM and ΔPROM between groups and changes from baseline PROM scores within groups were assessed using Student's t test. Linear regression analyzed the impact of preoperative PHQ-9 on ΔPROM. RESULTS A total of 143 patients (121 primary and 22 revision) were included. Significant differences between groups were demonstrated at the preoperative timepoint for Neck Disability Index (NDI) (P = 0.022). ΔPROM values did not significantly differ between groups. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between preoperative PHQ-9 and ΔPHQ-9 at all timepoints, ΔVAS neck at 6-weeks and 6-months, ΔVAS arm at 6-months, and ΔNDI at 6-weeks and 6-months for the primary group (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed no significant associations for the revision group. CONCLUSION Primary or revision ACDF procedures did not significantly differ in depressive symptoms through 1-year. Primary ACDF patients significantly improved in all PROMs through all timepoints, while revision patients had limited improvement in PROMs. Preoperative depression may have a stronger association on postoperative outcomes for primary procedures.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor P Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Lynch CP, Cha EDK, Jenkins NW, Parrish JM, Mohan S, Jadczak CN, Geoghegan CE, Singh K. The Minimum Clinically Important Difference for Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Interbody Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2021; 46:603-609. [PMID: 33290370 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE To investigate and establish minimum clinically important differences (MCID) for Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND Spine surgery is linked to postoperative improvements in anxiety, depression, and mental health. These improvements have been documented using patient-reported outcome measures such as PHQ-9. Few studies evaluated the clinical significance of PHQ-9 for lumbar spine surgery. METHODS Patients who underwent single-level, primary MIS TLIF from 2015 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed in a prospective database. Patients with incomplete preoperative and 2-year postoperative PHQ-9 surveys were excluded. Demographic and perioperative characteristics were recorded. PHQ-9, 12-Item Short Form (SF-12), and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) Mental Component Summary (MCS) were collected at preoperative, 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year intervals. MCID was calculated using anchor and distribution-based methods. SF-12 served as an anchor. MCID was assessed using mean change methodology, four receiver operating characteristic curve assessments, and standard error measurement. Cutoff values were selected from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. MCID achievement rates for all patient-reported outcome measures were calculated. RESULTS A total of 139 patients met inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 55 years and 39% females. The most common spinal pathology was radiculopathy (92%). MCID analysis revealed the following ranges of values: 2.0 to 4.8 (PHQ-9), 6.7 to 12.1 (SF-12 MCS), and 7.5 to 15.9 (VR-12 MCS). Final MCID thresholds were 3.0 (PHQ-9), 9.1 (SF-12 MCS), and 8.1 (VR-12 MCS). MCID achievement at 2-years for PHQ-9, SF-12 MCS, and VR-12 MCS was 89.2%, 85.6%, and 84.9% respectively. CONCLUSION Our 2-year postoperative MCID analysis is the first mental health calculation from an MIS TLIF cohort. We report a 2-year MCID value for PHQ-9 of 3.0 (2.0-4.8). MCID values for mental health instruments are important for determining overall success of lumbar spine surgery.Level of Evidence: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor P Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Cha EDK, Lynch CP, Parrish JM, Jenkins NW, Geoghegan CE, Jadczak CN, Mohan S, Singh K. Role of Gender in Improvement of Depressive Symptoms Among Patients Undergoing Cervical Spine Procedures. Neurospine 2021; 18:217-225. [PMID: 33819948 PMCID: PMC8021839 DOI: 10.14245/ns.2040610.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a scarcity of research evaluating gender differences in depressive symptoms among patients undergoing cervical surgery. This study investigated gender differences with regard to depressive symptom severity, measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), in patients following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or artificial disc replacement (ADR). METHODS A prospectively maintained surgical registry was retrospectively reviewed for eligible spine surgeries. Depressive symptom severity was evaluated by PHQ-9 at both preand postoperative timepoints (e.g. , 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years). A chi-square test and Student t-test evaluated differences between the gender for demographic and operative variables where appropriate. Differences between the gender subgroup mean PHQ-9 scores were assessed using a t-test pre- and postoperatively (e.g. , 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year) and a paired t-test was used to assess differences from preoperative scores at each postoperative time point. RESULTS A total of 170 subjects underwent 125 ACDFs and 45 ADRs. Both pre- and postoperative timepoints demonstrated no significant differences between mean PHQ-9 scores by gender. Female patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PHQ-9 scores at 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, but not through 2 years. Male patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PHQ-9 scores at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. CONCLUSION Although there were no significant differences between mean PHQ-9 score between the genders, there was a difference in magnitude of improvement. Females had a significant improvement in depressive symptom severity over baseline at the 6- and 12-week timepoints only, whereas males had significant improvement through 2 years postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D K Cha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Conor P Lynch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James M Parrish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Jenkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cara E Geoghegan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Caroline N Jadczak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shruthi Mohan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Predictors of Outcomes After Single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy: A Multivariate Analysis. Clin Spine Surg 2020; 33:E525-E532. [PMID: 32349058 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This was a retrospective study that was carried out using prospectively collected registry data. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify preoperative predictors of outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Proper patient selection is paramount to achieving good surgical results. Identifying predictors of outcomes may aid surgical decision-making and facilitate counseling of patients to manage expectations. METHODS Prospectively collected registry data of 104 patients who underwent single-level ACDF for cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reviewed. Outcomes assessed at 2 years were the presence of residual neck pain/arm pain (AP), and attainment of a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for Neck Disability Index (NDI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, and Physical Component Score (PCS) of SF-36, as well as patient satisfaction, fulfilment of expectations, willingness to undergo same surgery again, return to work (RTW), and return to function (RTF). Receiver operating characteristic curves and multivariate stepwise logistical regression were performed to identify independent predictors of each outcome using 22 covariates including demographics, comorbidities, and preoperative disease state. RESULTS Lower preoperative NDI was predictive of the absence of residual neck pain/AP at 2 years. Higher preoperative JOA score was predictive of MCID attainment for PCS, satisfaction, expectation fulfilment, willingness to undergo the same surgery for same condition, and RTF. Poorer preoperative scores of NDI, JOA, and PCS were predictors of attaining MCID of the respective scores. Older patients were less likely to attain MCID for JOA. Higher preoperative AP was a risk factor for unsuccessful RTW. CONCLUSIONS In general, the preoperative JOA score was the best predictor of outcomes after ACDF. A preoperative JOA cutoff value of 9.25-10.25 predicted satisfaction, expectation fulfilment, willingness to undergo same surgery, and RTF with at least 70% sensitivity and 50% specificity. These findings may aid surgeons in identifying patients at risk of a poor outcome and guide preoperative counseling to establish realistic expectations of the surgical outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III-Non-randomized controlled cohort/follow-up study.
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The Impact of Multiple Comorbid Mental Health Disorders on Health-related Quality of Life Following ACDF. Clin Spine Surg 2020; 33:E472-E477. [PMID: 32149747 DOI: 10.1097/bsd.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective comparative study. OBJECTIVE The goal was to determine whether comorbid depression and/or anxiety influence outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for patients with degenerative cervical pathology. BACKGROUND DATA The role preoperative mental health has on patient reported outcomes after ACDF surgery is not well understood. METHODS Patients undergoing elective ACDF for degenerative cervical pathology were identified. Patients were grouped based on their preoperative mental health comorbidities, including patients with no history, depression, anxiety, and those with both depression and anxiety. All preoperative medical treatment for depression and/or anxiety was identified. Outcomes including Physical Component Score (PCS-12), Mental Component Score (MCS-12), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale neck pain score (VAS Neck ), and Visual Analogue Scale arm pain score (VAS Arm) were compared between groups from baseline to postoperative measurements using multiple linear regression analysis-controlling for factors such as age, sex, and body mass index, etc. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 264 patients were included in the analysis, with an average age of 53 years and mean follow-up of 19.8 months (19.0-20.6). All patients with a diagnosis of depression or anxiety also reported medical treatment for the disease. The group with no depression or anxiety had significantly less baseline disability than the group with 2 mental health diagnoses, in MCS-12 (P=0.009), NDI (P<0.004), VAS Neck (P=0.003), and VAS Arm (P=0.001) scores. Linear regression analysis demonstrated that increasing occurrence of mental health disorders was not a significant predictor of change over time for any of the outcome measures included in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Despite more severe preoperative symptoms, patients with a preoperative mental health disorder(s) demonstrated significant improvement in postoperative outcomes after ACDF. No differences were identified in postoperative outcomes between each of the groups. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate depressive symptoms as measured by the PHQ-9 survey and correlated them with scores from the SF-12 and VR-12 Mental Component Summary (MCS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA With the rising incidence of depression and the need to identify modifiable risk factors before surgery, it is increasingly important to screen for preoperative depressive symptoms in spine surgery. Although the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) has favorable characteristics as a depressive symptom screening instrument, it has not been evaluated within cervical spine surgery. METHODS A prospectively maintained surgical registry was reviewed for patients undergoing single or multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical disc replacement (CDR) from March 2016 until May 2019. Included patients underwent a procedure for degenerative spinal pathology. We collected demographic, baseline, and perioperative variables. The mean scores for postoperative PHQ-9, Short Form-12 (SF-12), and Veterans RAND-12 (VR-12) surveys were calculated, and an average change between preoperative and postoperative scores. Scatterplots depicted the association of SF-12 MCS and VR-12 MCS with PHQ-9. We evaluated the relationship of PHQ-9 with SF-12 MCS and VR-12 MCS scores by calculating a Pearson correlation coefficient and time-independent partial correlation coefficient. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two patients underwent single or multilevel level cervical spine surgery (ACDF: 73% and CDR: 27%). The average age was 42.4 and 39% were female. Compared to preoperative scores, significant increases were observed among postoperative PHQ-9, SF-12, and VR-12 MCS surveys (P ≤ 0.001). We observed strong correlations between SF-12 and VR-12 MCS with PHQ-9 scores for both assessed correlations. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing ACDF or CDR demonstrated significant improvement with PHQ-9, SF-12 MCS, and VR-12 MCS instruments. PHQ-9 scores strongly correlated with SF-12 MCS and VR-12 MCS. Our findings indicate PHQ-9 is a valid tool to evaluate pre and postsurgical depressive symptoms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
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Jackson KL, Rumley J, Griffith M, Agochukwu U, DeVine J. Correlating Psychological Comorbidities and Outcomes After Spine Surgery. Global Spine J 2020; 10:929-939. [PMID: 32905726 PMCID: PMC7485071 DOI: 10.1177/2192568219886595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Literature review. OBJECTIVE The aim of this literature review is to examine the effects of psychological disorders on postoperative complications, surgical outcomes, and long-term narcotic use. We also hope to detail the value of preoperative identification and treatment of these pathologies. METHODS A series of systematic reviews of the relevant literature examining the effects of psychological disorders and spine surgery was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Combined, the database queries yielded 2275 articles for consideration. After applying screening criteria, 96 articles were selected for inclusion. Patients with underlying psychological disease have higher rates of delirium, readmission, longer hospital stays, and higher rates of nonroutine discharge following spine surgery. They also have higher rates of chronic postoperative narcotic use and may experience worse surgical outcomes. Because of these defined issues, researchers have developed multiple screening tools to help identify patients with psychological disorders preoperatively for potential treatment. Treatment of these disorders prior to surgery may significantly improve surgical outcomes. CONCLUSION Patients with psychological disorders represent a unique population with respect to their higher rates of spinal pain complaints, postoperative complications, and worsened functional outcomes. However, proper identification and treatment of these conditions prior to surgery may significantly improve many outcome measures in this population. Future investigations in this field should attempt to develop and validate current strategies to identify and treat individuals with psychological disorders before surgery to further improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith L. Jackson
- Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA, USA
| | | | - Matthew Griffith
- Dwight David Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA, USA
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Wagner A, Shiban Y, Zeller L, Aftahy K, Lange N, Motov S, Joerger AK, Meyer B, Shiban E. Psychological predictors of quality of life after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative cervical spine disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13415. [PMID: 32770143 PMCID: PMC7414876 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to identify independent psychological predictors of quality of life (QOL) and functional outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) for degenerative cervical spine disease. We prospectively included patients undergoing ACDF for degenerative cervical disc herniation and stenosis. Patients completed a structured psychological assessment including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (ADS-K), Post-Traumatic Stress Scale-10 (PTSS-10), State Trait Anxiety Inventory-State Anxiety and - Trait Anxiety (STAI-S and STAI-T) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) before surgery, after 3 and 12 months. Outcome measures included EuroQol-5D (EQ), Short Form-36 (SF-36) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores. Of 104 included patients who underwent ACDF between March 2013 and November 2017, 92 completed follow-up after 3 and 12 months. The mean Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for neck pain (− 1.4; p < .001) and arm pain (− 1.8; p = .031) significantly decreased by 12 months. QOL scores significantly increased by 3 months (EQ: + 0.2; p < .001; SF-36 PCS: + 6.2; p < .001; SF-36 MCS: + 2.5; p = .044), a benefit which was retained at 12 months. Linear regression analyses identified statistically significant predictors in preoperative ASI-3, SF-36 MCS and STAI-S for postoperative QOL and ODI scores. There is a benefit for patients in terms of quality of life and function after undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical spine disease. With the ASI-3, SF-36 MCS and STAI-S there exist some predictors for postoperative QOL and ODI scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Wagner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Youssef Shiban
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Zeller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaywan Aftahy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Lange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Motov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Joerger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Meyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Ehab Shiban
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich School of Medicine, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Harris AB, Marrache M, Puvanesarajah V, Raad M, Jain A, Kebaish KM, Riley LH, Skolasky RL. Are preoperative depression and anxiety associated with patient-reported outcomes, health care payments, and opioid use after anterior discectomy and fusion? Spine J 2020; 20:1167-1175. [PMID: 32179156 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric conditions among US adults, and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most commonly performed spinal surgeries. Mental health conditions can affect physical health, and thus have the potential to contribute to adverse outcomes after spine surgery; however, a comprehensive assessment of long-term outcomes and the additive economic burden of these conditions in patients undergoing ACDF has not been well described. PURPOSE Our goal was to assess the associations between depression/anxiety and adverse outcomes and health-resource utilization after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective database study. PATIENT SAMPLE We retrospectively analyzed a private administrative health claims database to identify patients who underwent ACDF in the United States from 2010 to 2013. A total of 16,306 patients met our inclusion criteria. Mean (± standard deviation) patient age was 50±7.9 years. Approximately 4,800 patients (30%) had a depression diagnosis and 4,000 (25%) had a diagnosis of anxiety. OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcomes of interest were intensive care unit admission, multiday hospitalization, discharge disposition, 30- and 90-day hospital readmission, 1- and 2-year rates of revision surgery, and chronic postoperative opioid use. Secondary outcomes were 1- and 2-year total cumulative health care payments and cumulative postoperative opioid consumption. METHODS Regression models controlled for demographic and medical covariates, alpha=0.05. RESULTS A preoperative diagnosis of depression was associated with higher odds of multiday hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.19), 90-day readmission (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.46-2.02), revision surgery within 2 years (OR 1.43 95% CI 1.16-1.76), and chronic postoperative opioid use (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.45-1.72) and an increase of $5,915 in adjusted 2-year health care payments (p<.001). Patients with a preoperative diagnosis of anxiety had higher odds of multiday hospitalization (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.25), revision surgery within 2 years (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.65), and chronic postoperative opioid use (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.48-1.77) and an increase of $4,471 in adjusted 2-year health care payments (p<.001). Neither anxiety nor depression was associated with intensive care unit admission, discharge disposition, 30-day readmission, revision surgery within 1 year, 1-year cumulative health care payments, or cumulative postoperative opioid consumption. CONCLUSIONS Patients with preoperative diagnoses of depression or anxiety have a greater likelihood of adverse outcomes, increased opioid consumption, and increased cumulative health care payments after ACDF compared with patients without depression or anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Harris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Majd Marrache
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Varun Puvanesarajah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Micheal Raad
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amit Jain
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled M Kebaish
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lee H Riley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Skolasky
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Christian ZK, Aoun SG, Afuwape O, Adeyemo E, Barrie U, Badejo O, Dosselman LJ, Pernik MN, Hall K, Reyes VP, El Ahmadieh TY, Al Tamimi M, Bagley CA. Electronic Communication Patterns Could Reflect Preoperative Anxiety and Serve as an Early Complication Warning in Elective Spine Surgery Patients with Affective Disorders: A Retrospective Analysis of a Cohort of 1199 Elective Spine Patients. World Neurosurg 2020; 141:e888-e893. [PMID: 32561492 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The analysis of perioperative electronic patient portal (EPP) communication may provide risk stratification and insight for complication prevention in patients with affective disorders (ADs). We aimed to understand how patterns of EPP communication in patients with AD relate to preoperative narcotic use, surgical outcomes, and readmission rates. METHODS The records of adult patients who underwent elective spinal surgery between January 2010 and August 2017 at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed for analysis. Primary outcomes included preoperative narcotic use, the number of perioperative EPP messages sent, rates of perioperative complications, hospital length of stay, emergency department (ED) visits within 6 weeks, and readmissions within 30 days after surgery. RESULTS A total of 1199 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with an AD were more likely to take narcotics before surgery (51.69% vs. 41%, P < 0.001) and to have active EPP accounts (75.36% vs. 69.75%, P = 0.014) compared with controls. They were also more likely to send postoperative messages (38.89% vs. 32.75%, P = 0.030) and tended to send more messages (0.67 vs. 0.48, P = 0.034). The AD group had higher rates of postoperative complications (8.21% vs. 3.98%, P = 0.001), ED visits (4.99% vs. 2.43%, P = 0.009), and readmissions postoperatively (2.49% vs. 1.38%, P = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS AD patients have specific patterns of perioperative EPP communication. They are at a higher risk of postoperative complications. Addressing these concerns early may prevent more serious morbidity and avoid unnecessary ED visits and readmissions, thus reducing costs and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary K Christian
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Salah G Aoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Olusoji Afuwape
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Emmanuel Adeyemo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Umaru Barrie
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Olatunde Badejo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luke J Dosselman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark N Pernik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Hall
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Valery Peinado Reyes
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tarek Y El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mazin Al Tamimi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos A Bagley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Yoo JS, Jenkins NW, Parrish JM, Brundage TS, Hrynewycz NM, Mogilevsky FA, Singh K. Evaluation of Postoperative Mental Health Outcomes in Patients Based on Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Neurospine 2020; 17:184-189. [PMID: 32054139 PMCID: PMC7136091 DOI: 10.14245/ns.1938256.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of preoperative physical function, as measured by Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS PF), to improvement in mental health, as evaluated by Short Form-12 Mental Component Summary (SF-12 MCS) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). METHODS Patients undergoing primary ACDF were retrospectively reviewed and stratified based on preoperative PROMIS PF scores. PROMIS PF cohorts were tested for an association with demographic characteristics and perioperative variables using chi-square analysis and multivariate linear regression. Multivariate linear regression was utilized to determine the association between PROMIS PF cohorts and improvement in SF-12 MCS. RESULTS A total of 129 one- to 3-level ACDF patients were included: 73 had PROMIS PF < 40 ("low PROMIS") and 56 had PROMIS PF ≥ 40 ("high PROMIS"). The low PROMIS cohort reported worse mental health preoperatively and at all postoperative timepoints except for 1 year. Both cohorts had similar changes in mental health from baseline through the 6-month follow-up. However, at 1 year. postoperatively, the low PROMIS cohort had a statistically greater change in mental health score. CONCLUSION Patients with worse preoperative physical function reported significantly worse preoperative and postoperative mental health. However, patients with worse preoperative physical function made significantly greater improvements in mental health from baseline. This suggests that patients with worse preoperative physical function can still expect significant improvements in mental health following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon S Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Jenkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James M Parrish
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas S Brundage
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadia M Hrynewycz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Kern Singh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mesfin FB, Hoang S, Ortiz Torres M, Ngnitewe Massa'a R, Castillo R. Retrospective Data Analysis and Literature Review for a Development of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Cureus 2020; 12:e6930. [PMID: 32190483 PMCID: PMC7067352 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective While enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are associated with shorter length of stay and improved outcomes in multiple surgical specialties, its application to spine surgery has been limited. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common spinal procedure with a relative efficacy and safety profile that makes it suitable for the application of ERAS principles. Reviewing our outcomes and practice and incorporating evidence-based clinical studies, we propose the development of an ERAS pathway for ACDF. Methods This is a retrospective review of ACDF cases performed at a single institution by a single surgeon from 2014 to 2017. Primary outcome measures included length of stay, complications, and 30-day readmission rates. The 1- and 2-level and the 3- and 4-level groups were also each consolidated into a single cohort for comparison. A comprehensive review of evidence-based literature pertaining to ACDF was then performed. Best-practice recommendations derived from the literature were incorporated into the proposed ERAS protocol. Results In this series of 75 1-level, 77 2-level, 44 3-level and 20 4-level ACDF procedures, the average surgical time (minutes) was 68, 90, 118 and 141; length of stay (days) was 1, 1, 1.4, and 1.7; drain usage (%) was 1.3, 2.6, 13.6 and 10; and 30-day readmission rates (%) were 2.7, 3.9, 4.5, and 15, respectively. Combining the 1- and 2-level as a single group and 3- and 4-level as another cohort, the 3- and 4-level cohort had a significantly higher rate of drain usage and estimated blood loss (EBL) but there was not a difference in length-of-stay, complications or 30-day readmission rates. Conclusions Given the relative equivalent safety profile between 1- and 2-level as compared to 3- and 4-level ACDF, the proposed ERAS pathway can be applied to all patients, and not just restricted to 1-level or 2-level ACDF. Taking into account feasibility parameters as deduced from a review of institutional outcomes, this pathway can streamline same-day discharge and improve the patient experience. Its success will be predicated on an iterative improvement process deriving from optimal prospective outcome measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley Hoang
- Neurosurgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
| | | | | | - Raul Castillo
- Anesthesiology, University of Missouri Health Care and University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
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26
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Are Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Influenced by Presurgical Depression Symptoms on the Mental Component Score of the Short Form-12 Survey? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:201-207. [PMID: 31513106 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective comparative study. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preoperative depressive symptoms, measured by mental component score of the Short Form-12 survey (MCS-12), influence patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs) following an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery for cervical degeneration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There is a paucity of literature regarding preoperative depression and PROMs following ACDF surgery for cervical degenerative disease. METHODS Patients who underwent an ACDF for degenerative cervical pathology were identified. A score of 45.6 on the MCS-12 was used as the threshold for depression symptoms, and patients were divided into two groups based on this value: depression (MCS-12 ≤45.6) and nondepression (MCS-12 >45.6) groups. Outcomes including Neck Disability Index (NDI), physical component score of the Short Form-12 survey (PCS-12), and Visual Analogue Scale Neck (VAS Neck), and Arm (VAS Arm) pain scores were evaluated using independent sample t test, recovery ratios, percentage of patients reaching the minimum clinically important difference, and multiple linear regression - controlling for factors such as age, sex, and BMI. RESULTS The depression group was found to have significantly worse baseline pain and disability than the nondepression group in NDI (P < 0.001), VAS Neck pain (P < 0.001), and VAS Arm pain (P < 0.001) scores. Postoperatively, both groups improved to a similar amount with surgery based on the recovery ratio analysis. The depression group continued to have worse scores than the nondepression group in NDI (P = 0.010), PCS-12 (P = 0.026), and VAS Arm pain (P = 0.001) scores. Depression was not a significant predictor of change in any PROMs based on regression analysis. CONCLUSION Patients who presented with preoperative depression reported more pain and disability symptoms preoperatively and postoperatively; however, both groups achieved similar degrees of improvement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Lau D, DiGiorgio AM, Chan AK, Dalle Ore CL, Virk MS, Chou D, Bisson EF, Mummaneni PV. Applicability of cervical sagittal vertical axis, cervical lordosis, and T1 slope on pain and disability outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in patients without deformity. J Neurosurg Spine 2020; 32:23-30. [PMID: 31628295 DOI: 10.3171/2019.7.spine19437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding what influences pain and disability following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with degenerative cervical spine disease is critical. This study examines the timing of clinical improvement and identifies factors (including spinal alignment) associated with worse outcomes. METHODS Consecutive adult patients were enrolled in a prospective outcomes database from two academic centers participating in the Quality Outcomes Database from 2013 to 2016. Demographics, surgical details, radiographic data, arm and neck pain (visual analog scale [VAS] scores), and disability (Neck Disability Index [NDI] and EQ-5D scores) were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was used. RESULTS A total of 186 patients were included, and 48.4% were male. Their mean age was 55.4 years, and 45.7% had myelopathy. Preoperative cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA), cervical lordosis (CL), and T1 slope values were 24.9 mm (range 0-55 mm), 10.4° (range -6.0° to 44°), and 28.3° (range 14.0°-51.0°), respectively. ACDF was performed at 1, 2, and 3 levels in 47.8%, 42.0%, and 10.2% of patients, respectively. Preoperative neck and arm VAS scores were 5.7 and 5.4, respectively. NDI and EQ-5D scores were 22.1 and 0.5, respectively. There was significant improvement in all outcomes at 3 months (p < 0.001) and 12 months (p < 0.001). At 3 months, neck VAS (3.0), arm VAS (2.2), NDI (12.7), and EQ-5D (0.7) scores were improved, and at 12 months, neck VAS (2.8), arm VAS (2.3), NDI (11.7), and EQ-5D (0.8) score improvements were sustained. Improvements occurred within the first 3-month period; there was no significant difference in outcomes between the 3-month and 12-month mark. There was no correlation among cSVA, CL, or T1 slope with any outcome endpoint. The most consistent independent preoperative factors associated with worse outcomes were high neck and arm VAS scores and a severe NDI result (p < 0.001). Similar findings were seen with worse NDI and EQ-5D scores (p < 0.001). A significant linear trend of worse NDI and EQ-5D scores at 3 and 12 months was associated with worse baseline scores. Of the 186 patients, 171 (91.9%) had 3-month follow-up data, and 162 (87.1%) had 12-month follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS ACDF is effective in improving pain and disability, and improvement occurs within 3 months of surgery. cSVA, CL, and T1 slope do not appear to influence outcomes following ACDF surgery in the population with degenerative cervical disease. Therefore, in patients with relatively normal cervical parameters, augmenting alignment or lordosis is likely unnecessary. Worse preoperative pain and disability were independently associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Lau
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony M DiGiorgio
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Andrew K Chan
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Cecilia L Dalle Ore
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Michael S Virk
- 2Department of Neurological Surgery, Cornell University, New York, New York; and
| | - Dean Chou
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Erica F Bisson
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Praveen V Mummaneni
- 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
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The Impact of Preoperative Depression on Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey Results in a Cervical Spine Surgery Setting. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2020; 45:65-70. [PMID: 31513099 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000003222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the association between preoperative depression and patient experience in a cervical spine surgery population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey is used to measure patient experience and its scores directly influence reimbursement in the United States. Although it is well-established in the literature that untreated depression is associated with worse patient-reported outcomes in cervical spine surgery, no previous studies have analyzed the association between depression and patient satisfaction for these patients. METHODS HCAHPS survey responses from patients undergoing cervical spine surgery between 2013 and 2015 were collected at a tertiary care center. HCHAPS survey responses were linked to demographic data as well as patient-reported quality of life (QOL) metrics including Patient Health Questionnaire, EuroQol 5 Dimensions index, and Visual Analog Scale for neck pain for each patient. Preoperative PHQ-9 scores of ≥10 (moderate to severe depression) was used to define preoperative depression. Uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to investigate the association of preoperative depression and top-box scores on several dimensions on the HCAHPS survey. RESULTS In our 145-patient cohort, depressed patients were on average younger, had higher preoperative neck pain scores, and had a lower health-related QOL. Depressed patients were less likely to report satisfaction with questions related to doctor respect (P = 0.020) and doctors listening (P = 0.030). After adjusting for covariates, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with preoperative depression had lower odds of feeling respected by their physicians (odds ratio = 0.14, 95% confidence interval: 0.02-0.87, P = 0.035). CONCLUSION In patients undergoing cervical spine surgery, preoperative depression was found to have a negative association with patient perceptions of doctor communication as measured by the HCAHPS survey. These results highlight depression as a risk factor for worse patient experience communicating with their spine surgeon. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Landry M, Lewis R, Lew M, Forman B, Heidel E, Ramshaw B. Evaluating effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy within multimodal treatment for chronic groin pain after inguinal hernia repair. Surg Endosc 2019; 34:3145-3152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00464-019-07082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Poor Baseline Mental Health Does Not Influence Improvement in Patient-reported Outcomes, Satisfaction, and Return to Work Two Years After Single-level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2019; 44:839-847. [PMID: 30540718 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000002960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study using prospectively collected registry data. OBJECTIVE The authors examine the influence of preoperative mental health on outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and determine the impact of ACDF on postoperative mental health. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA While studies have reported a negative correlation between preoperative mental health and outcomes following lumbar spine surgery, the influence on outcomes following cervical spine surgery remains relatively understudied. METHODS Prospectively collected registry data of 104 patients who underwent single-level ACDF for cervical spondylotic myelopathy were reviewed. Patients were dichotomized into top and bottom halves based on preoperative SF-36 MCS (Mental Component Summary) using a cutoff of 48. Outcomes assessed were visual analogue scale for neck pain, arm pain, AAOS Neck Pain and Disability, Neurogenic Symptoms, Neck Disability Index, Short-Form 36, Japanese Orthopaedic Association myelopathy score, return to work, return to function, satisfaction and expectation fulfilment up to 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS The preoperative MCS was 37.5 ± 8.1 and 57.4 ± 6.3 in the Low and High MCS groups respectively (P < 0.001). The Low MCS group had poorer preoperative scores (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in length of stay or comorbidities (P > 0.05). The High MCS group had less neck pain (P = 0.002) and showed a trend towards lower Neck Disability Index (P = 0.062) at 2 years. The Low MCS group demonstrated greater improvement in Japanese Orthopaedic Association (P = 0.007) and similar improvement in other scores (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in proportion that achieved minimal clinically important difference for each score (P > 0.05). Both groups had similar rates of return to work, return to function, expectation fulfilment, and satisfaction (P > 0.05). Lower preoperative MCS was predictive of greater improvement in MCS (r = -0.477, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Despite relatively greater pain and disability at 2 years, patients with poor baseline mental health experienced similar improvement in clinical outcomes, return to work, and satisfaction rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Chotai S, Khan I, Nian H, Archer KR, Harrell FE, Weisenthal BM, Bydon M, Asher AL, Devin CJ. Utility of Anxiety/Depression Domain of EQ-5D to Define Psychological Distress in Spine Surgery. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:e1075-e1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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MacDowall A, Skeppholm M, Lindhagen L, Robinson Y, Olerud C. Effects of preoperative mental distress versus surgical modality, arthroplasty, or fusion on long-term outcome in patients with cervical radiculopathy. J Neurosurg Spine 2018; 29:371-379. [DOI: 10.3171/2018.2.spine171378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVESeveral efforts have been made to investigate the long-term efficacy of artificial disc replacement surgery compared with that of fusion after decompression for the treatment of cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy. However, research on the impact of mental distress on surgical treatment outcome has been sparse. The aim of the authors was to investigate the potential predictive value of preoperative risk factors in determining long-term outcome.METHODSA total of 153 patients (mean age 47 years) with single- or double-level cervical degenerative disc disease and radiculopathy were randomly assigned to undergo either anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (n = 70) or artificial disc replacement (n = 83). The primary outcome was the Neck Disability Index (NDI) score, a patient-reported function score that ranges from 0% to 100%; higher scores indicate greater disability. Preoperative variables such as sex, age, smoking status, employment status, having a strenuous job, neck pain duration, arm pain duration, amount of regular exercise, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score, NDI score, whether surgery was performed on 1 or 2 levels, and allocated treatment were analyzed in multiple linear regression models with the 5-year NDI score as the outcome.RESULTSA total of 47 (31%) patients had either a HADS anxiety or HADS depression score of 10 points or higher. High values on the preoperative HADS were a negative predictor of outcome (p = 0.009). Treatment allocation had no effect on 5-year NDI scores (p = 0.32).CONCLUSIONSPreoperative mental distress measured with the HADS affects long-term outcome in surgically treated patients with cervical radiculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna MacDowall
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Martin Skeppholm
- 2Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Medical Management Center, Health Economics and Health Evaluation Research Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm
- 3Center for Spine Surgery in Stockholm, Sophiahemmet Sjukhus, Stockholm; and
| | - Lars Lindhagen
- 4Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yohan Robinson
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala
| | - Claes Olerud
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect depression has on the improvement of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following lumbar decompression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Decompression without fusion is a viable treatment option for lumbar spine stenosis. Depression reportedly has a negative impact on PROMs after certain types of spine surgery, though verification of this with new, more precise outcome measures is needed. METHODS We included consecutive adult patients who underwent lumbar decompression for lumbar spine stenosis between 2016 and 2017 who had PROM information system (PROMIS) physical function, pain, depression, and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaires completed preoperatively and at 6-month follow-up. Patients with a PROMIS depression score >50 or <50 were allocated to the depressed and not depressed groups, respectively. The cohorts were compared using unpaired t tests and repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with statistical significance taken at P < 0.05. RESULTS The analysis included 55 patients without depression and 56 patients with depression. Depressed patients had worse preoperative PROMIS physical function (30.08 vs. 36.66, P = 0.005), PROMIS pain (69.36 vs. 64.69, P < 0.0001), and ODI scores (51.92 vs. 36.35, P < 0.0001). Similarly, the depressed group had worse postoperative PROMIS physical function (36.29 vs. 40.34, P = 0.005), PROMIS pain (60.16 vs. 54.87, P < 0.0001), and ODI scores (37.01 vs. 23.44, P = 0.0003). We observed a statistically significant interaction between depression status and pre to postoperative improvement in outcome for PROMIS physical function (F[1,109] = 102.5, P < 0.0001) and depression scores (F[1,109] = 15.38, P = 0.0002). No interaction was found for pain and ODI scores. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that depressed patients experience a greater magnitude of improvement in PROMIS physical function and depression scores than nondepressed patients. Despite this, depressed patients have worse postoperative outcomes for PROMIS physical function, depression, pain, and ODI. These findings are important for risk stratifying and treating depressed patients before lumbar spine decompression. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Phan K, Moran D, Kostowski T, Xu R, Goodwin R, Elder B, Ramhmdani S, Bydon A. Relationship between depression and clinical outcome following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY 2017; 3:133-140. [PMID: 28744492 DOI: 10.21037/jss.2017.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a commonly performed procedure for patients with symptomatic degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. The objective is to assess the impact of preoperative depression and other baseline characteristics on patient reported clinical outcomes following ACDF surgery based on the experience at our institution. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of some patients undergoing ACDF at a single institution from 2012 to 2014. Ninety-three patients that underwent an ACDF procedure were included. The primary outcome measure was post-operative Nurick score. RESULTS Sixteen (17.2%) patients had a formal diagnosis of depression compared to 77 (82.8%) patients without depression. On univariate analysis, patients with depression had statistically significantly higher Nurick scores compared to patients without depression after surgery (coefficient =0.55, 95% CI: 0.21-0.90, P=0.002). On multivariate analysis, there was a trend toward higher postoperative Nurick scores in patients that had depression (coefficient =0.31, 95% CI: -0.01-0.63, P=0.057). CONCLUSIONS This small retrospective study reveals an inverse relationship between preoperative depression and functional outcome. Further research should be performed to investigate this relationship and to investigate if treating depression can improve postoperative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Phan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.,NeuroSpine Surgery Research Group (NSURG), Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dane Moran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas Kostowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Risheng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Seba Ramhmdani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ali Bydon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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