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Li Y, Zhang L, Jiao J, Ding Q, Li Y, Zhao Z, Luo J, Chen Y, Ruan X, Zhao L. Hepatocyte CD36 protects mice from NASH diet-induced liver injury and fibrosis via blocking N1ICD production. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166800. [PMID: 37423141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty acid translocase CD36 (CD36/FAT) is a widely expressed membrane protein with multiple immuno-metabolic functions. Genetic CD36 deficiency is associated with increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients. Liver fibrosis severity mainly affects the prognosis in patients with MAFLD, but the role of hepatocyte CD36 in liver fibrosis of MAFLD remains unclear. METHODS A high-fat high-cholesterol diet and a high-fat diet with high-fructose drinking water were used to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in hepatocyte-specific CD36 knockout (CD36LKO) and CD36flox/flox (LWT) mice. Human hepG2 cell line was used to investigate the role of CD36 in regulating Notch pathway in vitro. RESULTS Compared to LWT mice, CD36LKO mice were susceptible to NASH diet-induced liver injury and fibrosis. The analysis of RNA-sequencing data revealed that Notch pathway was activated in CD36LKO mice. LY3039478, an inhibitor of γ-secretase, inhibited Notch1 protein S3 cleavage and Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) production, alleviating liver injury and fibrosis in CD36LKO mice livers. Likewise, both LY3039478 and knockdown of Notch1 inhibited the CD36KO-induced increase of N1ICD production, causing the decrease of fibrogenic markers in CD36KO HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, CD36 formed a complex with Notch1 and γ-secretase in lipid rafts, and hence CD36 anchored Notch1 in lipid rafts domains and blocked Notch1/γ-secretase interaction, inhibiting γ-secretase-mediated cleavage of Notch1 and the production of N1ICD. CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte CD36 plays a key role in protecting mice from diet-induced liver injury and fibrosis, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for preventing liver fibrogenesis in MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Linkun Zhang
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Junkui Jiao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuying Ding
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China; John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 400016 Chongqing, China.
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Sharma N, Chakole S, Wandile B. Uncovering the Cardiovascular Threat: A Comprehensive Examination of Liver Fibrosis and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cureus 2023; 15:e46946. [PMID: 38021670 PMCID: PMC10640697 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a global epidemic intricately linked to the rising tide of obesity and metabolic syndrome. This comprehensive review delves into the complex web of relationships between NAFLD, liver fibrosis, and subclinical atherosclerosis, shedding light on their interplay, shared risk factors, and clinical implications. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver conditions, from the benign non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to the more severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and hepatocellular injury. Central to the discussion is the insidious development of liver fibrosis, the ominous harbinger of progressive liver damage, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD, now affecting a quarter of the global population, poses a significant public health challenge. Its association with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome highlights the multifactorial nature of this disease. However, NAFLD's repercussions extend beyond the liver. This review unveils a potent connection between NAFLD and subclinical atherosclerosis, the early precursor to cardiovascular disease. Individuals with NAFLD face an elevated risk of atherosclerosis, even without traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The intricate link between these two conditions is illuminated through shared pathophysiological pathways, including systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Understanding the interplay between liver fibrosis and subclinical atherosclerosis has profound clinical implications. Patients with advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis are not only at risk of liver-related complications but also of cardiovascular events. This necessitates a holistic approach to patient care, with lifestyle modifications and pharmacological interventions simultaneously managing both conditions. Physicians must prioritize early detection and collaborate across disciplines to provide comprehensive care. Looking ahead, the future holds promising avenues of research. Emerging areas include genetics and precision medicine, microbiome research, and epigenetics, which may unveil new therapeutic targets. Innovations in diagnostics and therapeutics, such as non-invasive biomarkers and combination therapies, offer hope for more effective management. Long-term outcomes and survivorship research will provide insights into the lasting impact of interventions. In conclusion, this review underscores the imperative of addressing liver fibrosis and atherosclerosis in the context of NAFLD. It is a call to action for healthcare professionals, researchers, and policymakers to work collaboratively, promote early detection, and advance our understanding of these interconnected conditions. By doing so, we can enhance patient outcomes and chart a course toward a healthier future for those grappling with NAFLD and its intricate web of consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa Sharma
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swarupa Chakole
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Bhushan Wandile
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Ali Zarie A, Osman MA, Alshammari GM, Hassan AB, ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub A, Abdo Yahya M. Saudi date cultivars' seed extracts inhibit developing hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103732. [PMID: 37588573 PMCID: PMC10425400 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aim was to assess the impact of the seed extracts of the date cultivars (Qatara, Barhi, and Ruthana) on rat's liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation triggered by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental design was based on random partitioning into two groups; one that received the standard diet and another that received the HFD diet. The HFD rats were orally administered Lipitor or date seed extracts at 300 or 600 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Accordingly, feeding rats HFD significantly increased body and liver weights, hepatic and serum lipid levels, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, liver function enzymes, and inflammation markers, and decreased oxidative stress enzymes. Oral administration of Barhi and Ruthana date seed extracts significantly decreased body and liver weights. Serum and liver total cholesterol TC, Triglycerides TGs, and free fatty acids FFAs were also decreased as were AST, ALT, MAD, leptin, and CRP, with a concomitant increase in SOD, GSH, and CAT. Furthermore, similar to Lipitor, oral administration of the extracts reduced inflammation markers such as TNF-α, serum CRP, IL-6, IL-1β, and leptin while increasing IL-10 and adiponectin levels. Histological observation revealed that extract administration improved hepatocyte and parenchymal structures and decreased lipid deposition. In conclusion, both Barhi and Ruthana seed extracts showed strong hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects against HFD-induced liver steatosis. And date seeds have other beneficial potential for prevention and treatment of various diseases, which can be studied in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ali Zarie
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi A. Osman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amro B. Hassan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abu ElGasim Ahmed Yagoub
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng Y, Xie Y, Ge JC, Wang L, Peng DY, Yu NJ, Zhang Y, Jiang YH, Luo JP, Chen WD. Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activity of a galactoglucan from Poria cocos. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 263:117979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Gawrieh S, Guo X, Tan J, Lauzon M, Taylor KD, Loomba R, Cummings OW, Pillai S, Bhatnagar P, Kowdley KV, Yates K, Wilson LA, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Chalasani N. A Pilot Genome-Wide Analysis Study Identifies Loci Associated With Response to Obeticholic Acid in Patients With NASH. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:1571-1584. [PMID: 31832568 PMCID: PMC6887685 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A significantly higher proportion of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) who received obeticholic acid (OCA) had histological improvement relative to placebo in the FLINT (farnesoid X nuclear receptor ligand obeticholic acid for noncirrhotic, NASH treatment) trial. However, genetic predictors of response to OCA are unknown. We conducted a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) in FLINT participants to identify variants associated with NASH resolution and fibrosis improvement. Genotyping was performed using the Omni2.5 content GWAS chip. To avoid false positives introduced by population stratification, we focused our GWAS on white participants. Six regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 7, 15, and 17 had multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with suggestive association (P < 1 × 10-4) with NASH resolution. A sentinel SNP, rs75508464, near CELA3B on chromosome 1 was associated with NASH resolution, improvement in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Among individuals carrying this allele, 83% achieved NASH resolution with OCA compared with only 33% with placebo. Eight regions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, 13, and 18 had multiple SNPs associated with fibrosis improvement; of these, rs12130403 near TDRD10 on chromosome 1 was also associated with improvement in NASH and portal inflammation, and rs4073431 near ANO3 on chromosome 11 was associated with NASH resolution and improvement in steatosis. Multiple SNPs on chromosome 11 had suggestive association with pruritus, with rs1379650 near ANO5 being the top SNP. Conclusion: We identified several variants that may be associated with histological improvement and pruritus in individuals with NASH receiving OCA. The rs75508464 variant near CELA3B may have the most significant effect on NASH resolution in those receiving OCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gawrieh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis IN
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Jingyi Tan
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Marie Lauzon
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of California San Diego San Diego CA
| | | | | | | | - Kris V Kowdley
- Liver Care Network and Organ Care Research Swedish Medical Center Seattle WA
| | - Katherine Yates
- Department of Epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Laura A Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Science and Department of Pediatrics Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Torrance CA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine Indiana University Indianapolis IN
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Suolang PC, Liu BQ, Chen J, De J, Nima ZB, Dunzhu CR. Protective effect and mechanism of Qiwei Tiexie capsule on 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells and rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:316-325. [PMID: 30851372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qiwei Tiexie capsule (QWTX) is a representative prescription of Tibetan medicine, which is widely used for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the effects and mechanism of QWTX on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and NAFLD rat model were used in the study. In 3T3-L1 cells, the cytotoxicity of QWTX was tested by CKK-8, and glucose uptake and fat acid oxidation were assessed by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose and [1-14C] palmitic acid, respectively. The expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ikappa B α (IκBα), and AKT were determined by PCR and western blot. NAFLD was established by the administration of fat emulsion and sucrose for 9 weeks. The effects of QWTX on lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatic morphology were observed in NAFLD rats by HE and transmission electron microscope. Serum level of nitric oxide (NO) and fee fatty acid (FFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the liver, as well as the expression levels of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), CPT-1, LXRα, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and iNOS were all detected. RESULTS QWTX showed no cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, and increased the 14CO2 production rate to 4.15, which indicated the reducing the fatty accumulation. In NAFLD, QWTX attenuated liver steatosis, fat vacuoles and inflammation from the HE staining and electron micrograph tests. For the oxidative stress biomarkers, serum FFA level was reduced and serum NO level was enhanced after QWTX treatment. In liver tissue, SOD was decreased and MDA was significantly increased in NAFLD, and both of them were restored by QWTX. NF-κB and CYP2E1 were also upregulated in NAFLD, while downregulated by QWTX. Downregulation of LXRα, PPARγ and iNOS by QWTX were both observed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD model. CONCLUSIONS QWTX protected the liver injury in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD by regulating the LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Cuo Suolang
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Bao-Qing Liu
- Department of General Surgey, The Orient Hospital of Beijing Traditional Medical University, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Ji De
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Zha-Ba Nima
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Ci-Ren Dunzhu
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
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Zhu C, Kim K, Wang X, Bartolome A, Salomao M, Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Graham MJ, Yates KP, Diehl AM, Schwabe RF, Tabas I, Valenti L, Lavine JE, Pajvani UB. Hepatocyte Notch activation induces liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/468/eaat0344. [PMID: 30463916 PMCID: PMC6822168 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the major determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but has no approved pharmacotherapy in part because of incomplete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we report that hepatocyte Notch activity tracks with disease severity and treatment response in patients with NASH and is similarly increased in a mouse model of diet-induced NASH and liver fibrosis. Hepatocyte-specific Notch loss-of-function mouse models showed attenuated NASH-associated liver fibrosis, demonstrating causality to obesity-induced liver pathology. Conversely, forced activation of hepatocyte Notch induced fibrosis in both chow- and NASH diet-fed mice by increasing Sox9-dependent Osteopontin (Opn) expression and secretion from hepatocytes, which activate resident hepatic stellate cells. In a cross-sectional study, we found that OPN explains the positive correlation between liver Notch activity and fibrosis stage in patients. Further, we developed a Notch inhibitor [Nicastrin antisense oligonucleotide (Ncst ASO)] that reduced fibrosis in NASH diet-fed mice. In summary, these studies demonstrate the pathological role and therapeutic accessibility of the maladaptive hepatocyte Notch response in NASH-associated liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alberto Bartolome
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marcela Salomao
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, and Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, and Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | | | - Katherine P. Yates
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anna Mae Diehl
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi Milano, and Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Joel E. Lavine
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Utpal B. Pajvani
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Corresponding author.
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8
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Parafati M, Kirby RJ, Khorasanizadeh S, Rastinejad F, Malany S. A nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, created by endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced steatosis. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/9/dmm033530. [PMID: 30254132 PMCID: PMC6176998 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.033530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, a reversible state of metabolic dysregulation, can promote the onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and its transition is thought to be critical in disease evolution. The association between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and hepatocyte metabolism disorders prompted us to characterize ER stress-induced hepatic metabolic dysfunction in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hiPSC-Hep), to explore regulatory pathways and validate a phenotypic in vitro model for progression of liver steatosis. We treated hiPSC-Hep with a ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the presence of an inducer of ER stress to synergistically promote triglyceride accumulation and dysregulate lipid metabolism. We monitored lipid accumulation by high-content imaging and measured gene regulation by RNA sequencing and reverse transcription quantitative PCR analyses. Our results show that ER stress potentiated intracellular lipid accumulation by 5-fold in hiPSC-Hep in the absence of apoptosis. Transcriptome pathway analysis identified ER stress pathways as the most significantly dysregulated of all pathways affected. Obeticholic acid dose dependently inhibited lipid accumulation and modulated gene expression downstream of the farnesoid X receptor. We were able to identify modulation of hepatic markers and gene pathways known to be involved in steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in support of a hiPSC-Hep disease model that is relevant to clinical data for human NASH. Our results show that the model can serve as a translational discovery platform for the understanding of molecular pathways involved in NAFLD, and can facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic molecules based on high-throughput screening strategies. Summary: Our study demonstrates expanded use of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes for molecular studies and drug screening, to evaluate new therapeutics with an antisteatotic mechanism of action for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Parafati
- Translational Biology, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - R Jason Kirby
- Translational Biology, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Sepideh Khorasanizadeh
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Fraydoon Rastinejad
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Rd, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Siobhan Malany
- Translational Biology, Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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9
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Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, Charlton M, Cusi K, Rinella M, Harrison SA, Brunt EM, Sanyal AJ. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018; 67:328-357. [PMID: 28714183 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4334] [Impact Index Per Article: 722.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zobair Younossi
- Center for Liver Disease and Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA
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10
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Saokaew S, Kanchanasuwan S, Apisarnthanarak P, Charoensak A, Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Phisalprapa P, Chaiyakunapruk N. Clinical risk scoring for predicting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in metabolic syndrome patients (NAFLD-MS score). Liver Int 2017; 37:1535-1543. [PMID: 28294515 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. None of tools have been developed specifically for high-risk patients. This study aimed to develop a simple risk scoring to predict NAFLD in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 509 patients with MetS were recruited. All were diagnosed by clinicians with ultrasonography-confirmed whether they were patients with NAFLD. Patients were randomly divided into derivation (n=400) and validation (n=109) cohort. To develop the risk score, clinical risk indicators measured at the time of recruitment were built by logistic regression. Regression coefficients were transformed into item scores and added up to a total score. A risk scoring scheme was developed from clinical predictors: BMI ≥25, AST/ALT ≥1, ALT ≥40, type 2 diabetes mellitus and central obesity. The scoring scheme was applied in validation cohort to test the performance. RESULTS The scheme explained, by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AuROC), 76.8% of being NAFLD with good calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 =4.35; P=.629). The positive likelihood ratio of NAFLD in patients with low risk (scores below 3) and high risk (scores 5 and over) were 2.32 (95% CI: 1.90-2.82) and 7.77 (95% CI: 2.47-24.47) respectively. When applied in validation cohort, the score showed good performance with AuROC 76.7%, and illustrated 84%, and 100% certainty in low- and high-risk groups respectively. CONCLUSIONS A simple and non-invasive scoring scheme of five predictors provides good prediction indices for NAFLD in MetS patients. This scheme may help clinicians in order to take further appropriate action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Saokaew
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Shada Kanchanasuwan
- Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Piyaporn Apisarnthanarak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aphinya Charoensak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pochamana Phisalprapa
- Division of Ambulatory Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Center of Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research (CPOR), Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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11
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Schmidt J, Rotter M, Weiser T, Wittmann S, Weizel L, Kaiser A, Heering J, Goebel T, Angioni C, Wurglics M, Paulke A, Geisslinger G, Kahnt A, Steinhilber D, Proschak E, Merk D. A Dual Modulator of Farnesoid X Receptor and Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase To Counter Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7703-7724. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurema Schmidt
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marco Rotter
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim Weiser
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Wittmann
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Project
Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tamara Goebel
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Wurglics
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexander Paulke
- Department
of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute
of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai
7, D-60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kahnt
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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12
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Liu H, Zhong H, Leng L, Jiang Z. Effects of soy isoflavone on hepatic steatosis in high fat-induced rats. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:85-90. [PMID: 28955124 PMCID: PMC5612816 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavone has benefits for metabolic syndrome but the mechanism is not completely understood. This study was designed to determine the effects of soy isoflavone on hepatic fat accumulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats induced by high fat diet (HFD). Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated with a normal fat diet (control), HFD (NAFLD model), HFD with 10 or 20 mg/kg soy isoflavone daily for 12 weeks. Hepatic and serum lipid contents, liver histopathological examination, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), protein and mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α were assayed respectively. Our study found that soy isoflavone reduced HFD-induced lipid accumulation in liver, serum ALT and improved liver lobule structure. In addition, the expression of SREBP-1c and FAS was lower, whereas protein level of PPARα was higher in two soy isoflavone groups than that of the HFD group. Collectively, these results demonstrate that soy isoflavone is capable of alleviating hepatic steatosis and delaying the progression of NAFLD via inhibiting lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid oxidation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Huijia Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liang Leng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuoqin Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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13
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Verna EC. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with HIV. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:211-223. [PMID: 28404136 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with HIV, and in this era of safer and more effective hepatitis C therapy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) could soon emerge as the most common liver disease in this population. NAFLD is common among patients with HIV, and might be more likely to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and NAFLD-related fibrosis or cirrhosis in these patients than in individuals without HIV. Several mechanisms of NAFLD pathogenesis are postulated to explain the disease severity in patients with HIV; these mechanisms include the influence of the gut microbiome, and also metabolic, genetic, and immunological factors. Although treatment strategies are currently based on modification of NAFLD risk factors, many new drugs are now in clinical trials, including trials specifically in patients with HIV. Thus, the identification and risk-stratification of patients with HIV and NAFLD are becoming increasingly important for accurately counselling of these patients regarding their prognosis and for establishing the most appropriate disease-altering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Verna
- Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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14
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Souza-Mello V. Hepatic structural enhancement and insulin resistance amelioration due to AT1 receptor blockade. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:74-79. [PMID: 28144388 PMCID: PMC5241531 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) on the development of obesity and its comorbidities has been extensively addressed. Both circulating and local RAS components are up-regulated in obesity and involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease onset. Pharmacological manipulations of RAS are viable strategies to tackle metabolic impairments caused by the excessive body fat mass. Renin inhibitors rescue insulin resistance, but do not have marked effects on hepatic steatosis. However, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) yield beneficial hepatic remodeling. ARBs elicit body mass loss and normalize insulin levels, tackling insulin resistance. Also, this drug class increases adiponectin levels, besides countering interleukin-6, tumoral necrosis factor-alpha, and transforming growth factor-beta 1. The latter is essential to prevent from liver fibrosis. When conjugated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activation, ARB fully rescues fatty liver. These effects might be orchestrated by an indirect up-regulation of MAS receptor due to angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) blockade. These associations of ARB with PPAR activation and ACE2-angiotensin (ANG) (1-7)-MAS receptor axis deserve a better understanding. This editorial provides a brief overview of the current knowledge regarding AT1R blockade effects on sensitivity to insulin and hepatic structural alterations as well as the intersections of AT1R blockade with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor activation and ACE2-ANG (1-7) - MAS receptor axis.
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15
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Hagström H, Nasr P, Ekstedt M, Kechagias S, Stål P, Bedossa P, Hultcrantz R. SAF score and mortality in NAFLD after up to 41 years of follow-up. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017; 52:87-91. [PMID: 27616339 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2016.1230779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A new score for the histological severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), called SAF (Steatosis, Activity and Fibrosis) has been developed. We aimed to evaluate the impact of this score on overall mortality. METHODS We used data from 139 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. All biopsies were graded according to the SAF scoring system and disease severity was classified as mild, moderate or severe. Causes of death were extracted from a national, population-based register. A Cox regression model, adjusted for sex, body mass index (BMI) and diabetes mellitus type 2, was applied. RESULTS At baseline 35 patients presented with mild or moderate disease respectively, and 69 patients with severe disease. During follow-up (median 25.3 years, range 1.7-40.8) 74 patients died, 11 in the mild group (31%), 18 in the moderate group (51%) and 45 in the severe group (65%), p = .002. Compared to patients with mild disease, patients with moderate disease did not have a significant increase in overall mortality (HR 1.83, 95%CI 0.89-3.77, p = .10). Patients with severe disease had a significant increase in mortality (HR 2.65, 95%CI 1.19-5.93, p = .017). However, when adjusting for fibrosis stage, significance was lost (HR 1.85, 95%CI 0.76-4.54, p = .18). NASH, defined as per the FLIP algorithm, was not associated with mortality compared to not having NASH (HR 1.46, 95%CI 0.74-2.90, p = .28). CONCLUSIONS After adjustment for fibrosis, the SAF score was not associated with increased mortality in NAFLD. This finding should be corroborated in larger cohorts with similar follow-up time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hagström
- a Division of Hepatology, Center for Digestive Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medicine , Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Patrik Nasr
- c Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Mattias Ekstedt
- c Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Stergios Kechagias
- c Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
| | - Per Stål
- a Division of Hepatology, Center for Digestive Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medicine , Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Pierre Bedossa
- d Department of Pathology, Hôpital Beaujon , University Paris Diderot , Paris , France
| | - Rolf Hultcrantz
- a Division of Hepatology, Center for Digestive Diseases , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Department of Medicine , Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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16
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Arab JP, Karpen SJ, Dawson PA, Arrese M, Trauner M. Bile acids and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Molecular insights and therapeutic perspectives. Hepatology 2017; 65:350-362. [PMID: 27358174 PMCID: PMC5191969 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health problem worldwide and an important risk factor for both hepatic and cardiometabolic mortality. The rapidly increasing prevalence of this disease and of its aggressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will require novel therapeutic approaches to prevent disease progression to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis and cancer. In recent years, bile acids have emerged as relevant signaling molecules that act at both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways as well as energy homeostasis. Activation or modulation of bile acid receptors, such as the farnesoid X receptor and TGR5, and transporters, such as the ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, appear to affect both insulin sensitivity and NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis at multiple levels, and these approaches hold promise as novel therapies. In the present review, we summarize current available data on the relationships of bile acids to NAFLD and the potential for therapeutically targeting bile-acid-related pathways to address this growing world-wide disease. (Hepatology 2017;65:350-362).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Arab
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Saul J. Karpen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Paul A. Dawson
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of PediatricsEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of MedicinePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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17
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Esteatohepatitis no alcohólica y diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 63:377-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endonu.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Mintziori G, Polyzos SA. Emerging and future therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:1937-46. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1225727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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19
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Araújo S, Soares E Silva A, Gomes F, Ribeiro E, Oliveira W, Oliveira A, Lima I, Lima MDC, Pitta I, Peixoto C. Effects of the new thiazolidine derivative LPSF/GQ-02 on hepatic lipid metabolism pathways in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:306-314. [PMID: 27349145 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common manifestation of metabolic syndrome. One of its most important features is the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocyte cells. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) act as insulin sensitizers and are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes and other conditions that are resistant to insulin, such as hepatic steatosis. Controversially, TZDs are also associated with the development of cardiovascular events and liver problems. For this reason, new therapeutic strategies are necessary to improve liver function in patients with chronic liver diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of LPSF/GQ-02 on the liver lipid metabolism in a murine model of NAFLD. Eighty male LDLR-/- mice were divided into 3 groups: 1-fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); 2-HFD+Pioglitazone (20mg/kg/day); 3-HFD+LPSF/GQ-02 (30mg/kg/day). The experiments lasted 12 weeks and drugs were administered daily by gavage in the final four weeks. The liver was processed for optical microscopy, Oil Red O, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. LPSF/GQ-02 effectively decreased fat accumulation, increased the hepatic levels of p-AMPK, FoxO1, ATGL, p-ACC and PPARα, and reduced the expression of LXRα, SREBP-1c and ACC. These results suggest that LPSF/GQ-02 acts directly on the hepatic lipid metabolism through the activation of the PPAR-α/AMPK/FoxO1/ATGL lipolytic pathway, and the inhibition of the AMPK/LXR/SREBP-1c/ACC/FAS lipogenic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyrlene Araújo
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
| | - Amanda Soares E Silva
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Fabiana Gomes
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Edlene Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Wilma Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Amanda Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Ingrid Lima
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil
| | - Maria do Carmo Lima
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Ivan Pitta
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Fármacos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
| | - Christina Peixoto
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura, Centro de Pesquisa Aggeu Magalhães (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.
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20
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Nagy LE, Ding WX, Cresci G, Saikia P, Shah VH. Linking Pathogenic Mechanisms of Alcoholic Liver Disease With Clinical Phenotypes. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1756-68. [PMID: 26919968 PMCID: PMC4887335 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) develops in approximately 20% of alcoholic patients, with a higher prevalence in females. ALD progression is marked by fatty liver and hepatocyte necrosis, as well as apoptosis, inflammation, regenerating nodules, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.(1) ALD develops via a complex process involving parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, as well as recruitment of other cell types to the liver in response to damage and inflammation. Hepatocytes are damaged by ethanol, via generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Hepatocyte cell death via apoptosis and necrosis are markers of ethanol-induced liver injury. We review the mechanisms by which alcohol injures hepatocytes and the response of hepatic sinusoidal cells to alcohol-induced injury. We also discuss how recent insights into the pathogenesis of ALD will affect the treatment and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Gail Cresci
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Paramananda Saikia
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195,Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905
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21
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Gitto S, Vukotic R, Vitale G, Pirillo M, Villa E, Andreone P. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver transplantation. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:587-91. [PMID: 27038703 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a growing liver-related health problem. In Europe, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most usual reason of chronic liver illness while steatohepatitis, its progressive form, affects 1% of Europeans and North Americans. In the United States steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis is one of the main indications for liver transplant. A targeted stratification for patients waiting for transplant and affected by this disease is mandatory especially because of their increased cardiovascular and cancer risk. The adequate treatment of NAFLD is crucial for the reduction of the disease related morbidity and mortality. In post-transplant setting, the recurrent or de novo steatosis might seriously affect the allograft short- and long-term outcome. Many conditions can represent the basis of the post-transplant steatohepatitis: obesity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, immunosuppressant treatment, alcoholic habit and liver graft steatosis. Today, the only consolidated therapy is represented by a deep life-style intervention since the use of drug-based alternative strategies is still limited and a very few data are available for the post-transplant period. Targeted and personalized behaviour and pharmacological interventions have to be developed for both the pre- and post-transplant phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gitto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Ranka Vukotic
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Studi e Ricerche sulle Epatiti, Alma Mater Studiorum, Univesity of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Studi e Ricerche sulle Epatiti, Alma Mater Studiorum, Univesity of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Pirillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Studi e Ricerche sulle Epatiti, Alma Mater Studiorum, Univesity of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria and University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pietro Andreone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Centro Studi e Ricerche sulle Epatiti, Alma Mater Studiorum, Univesity of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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22
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Abstract
Obesity and its major comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity cardiomyopathy, and certain cancers, have caused life expectancy in the United States to decline in recent years. Obesity is the increased accumulation of triglycerides (TG), which are synthesized from glycerol and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) throughout the body. LCFA enter adipocytes, hepatocytes, and cardiomyocytes via specific, facilitated transport processes. Metabolism of increased cellular TG content in obesity may lead to comorbidities such as NAFLD and cardiomyopathy. Better understanding of LCFA transport processes may lead to successful treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Berk
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, William Black Building, 650 West 168 Street, Room 1006, Box 57A, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Elizabeth C Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, 650 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Deminice R, de Castro GS, Brosnan ME, Brosnan JT. Creatine supplementation as a possible new therapeutic approach for fatty liver disease: early findings. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1983-91. [PMID: 26832170 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, consistent data have demonstrated that creatine (Cr) supplementation prevents the accumulation of fat in rat liver as well as the progression of fatty liver disease in different situations. Studies have demonstrated that Cr is effective and prevents fatty liver in high-fat and choline-deficient diets and in hepatoma cells in vitro. Because Cr synthesis is responsible for a considerable consumption of hepatic methyl groups, studies have tested the idea that Cr supplementation could modulate phospholipid formation and VLDL secretion. Studies have also demonstrated Cr is able to modulate the expression of key genes related to fatty acid oxidation in hepatocyte cell culture and in rat liver. However, to date, the mechanism by which Cr exerts protective effects against fatty liver is poorly understood. Therefore, the present review aims to summarize the studies involving the therapeutic use of Cr supplementation on fatty liver disease and to explore the mechanisms involved in one-carbon and fatty acid metabolism for the preventive effects of Cr supplementation on fat liver accumulation. Although a small number of studies have been conducted to date, we consider Cr as a new and promising therapeutic strategy to control fat accumulation in the liver as well as the progression of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445 km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela S de Castro
- Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Margaret E Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - John T Brosnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
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