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Zwerger M, Boeck L, Manzl J, Schwaiger S, Ganzera M. Novel Approaches for the Analysis and Isolation of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids in Chelidonium majus. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:523-533. [PMID: 38843792 PMCID: PMC11156497 DOI: 10.1055/a-2204-5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids are the major bioactive components in Chelidonium majus, a plant that has a long usage history for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments in European and Asian phytomedicine. This study reports on the development and application of a supercritical fluid chromatography technique for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determination of seven benzylisoquinoline alkaloids in under six minutes using a Viridis BEH 2-EP column and a modifier comprising methanol with 30% acetonitrile and 20 mM ammonium formate. The method was fully validated according to ICH guidelines showing, e.g., excellent linearity (≥ 0.9997) and maximum deviations for intraday and inter-day precision of 2.99 and 2.76%, respectively. The new supercritical fluid chromatography assay was not only employed for the analysis of several C. majus samples but was also used for the subsequent development of a fast centrifugal partition chromatography technique, whereby five benzylisoquinoline alkaloids could be isolated within approximately 2.5 h, with only two of them, protopine and chelidonine, requiring an additional purification step. To achieve this, a solvent system composed of chloroform/methanol/0.3 M hydrochloric acid was used in descending mode. By injecting 500 mg of crude extract, stylopine (1.93 mg), sanguinarine (0.57 mg), chelidonine (1.29 mg), protopine (1.95 mg), and coptisine (7.13 mg) could be obtained. The purity of compounds was confirmed by supercritical fluid chromatography and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zwerger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lynda Boeck
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Manzl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Hondo T, Miyake Y, Toyoda M. A Method for High Throughput Free Fatty Acids Determination in a Small Section of Bovine Liver Tissue Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction Combined with Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Medium Vacuum Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2024; 13:A0141. [PMID: 38274031 PMCID: PMC10806282 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel ionization technique named medium vacuum chemical ionization (MVCI) mass spectrometry (MS), which is a chemical ionization using oxonium (H3O+) and hydroxide (OH-) formed from water, has excellent compatibility with the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)/supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). We have studied a method to determine free fatty acids (FFAs) in a small section of bovine liver tissue using SFE/SFC-MVCI MS analysis without further sample preparation. A series of FFA molecules interact with the C18 stationary phase, exhibiting broad chromatographic peaks when using a non-modified CO2 as the mobile phase. It can be optimized by adding a small content of methanol to the mobile phase as a modifier; however, it may dampen the ionization efficiency of MVCI since the proton affinity of methanol is slightly higher than water. We have carefully evaluated the modifier content on the ion detection and column efficiencies. The obtained result showed that an optimized performance was in the range of 1 to 2% methanol-modified CO2 mobile phase for both column efficiency and peak intensity. Higher methanol content than 2% degrades both peak intensity and column efficiency. Using optimized SFC conditions, a section of bovine liver tissue sliced for 14 µm thickness by 1 mm square, which is roughly estimated as about 3300 hepatocytes, was applied to determine 18 FFAs amounts for carbon chains of C12-C24. An amount of each tested FFA was estimated as in the range of 0.07 to 2.6 fmol per cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinobu Hondo
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
- MS-Cheminformatics LLC, 2–13–21 Sasao-nishi, Toin, Inabe, Mie 511–0231, Japan
| | - Yumi Miyake
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
| | - Michisato Toyoda
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1–1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560–0043, Japan
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3
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Girard MFC, Knight P, Hopfgartner G. Vacuum differential mobility spectrometry combined with column-switching liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry for the analysis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in tea samples. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464174. [PMID: 37348223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The benefit of combining liquid chromatography (LC), supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and vacuum Differential Mobility Spectrometry - Mass Spectrometry (vDMS-MS) was investigated for the analysis of fourteen diastereomeric pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA); intermedine, echinatine, lycopsamine, indicine, intermedine-N-oxide, echinatine-N-oxide, indicine-N-oxide, lycopsamine-N-oxide, senecivernine, senecionine, jacobine, senecivernine-N-oxide, senecionine-N-oxide, retrorsine. The mobile phase composition (15-100% MeOH and ACN), flow rate (8-100 µL/min), vDMS cell pressure, and F value showed an effect on the mobility behavior of the analytes. At 15% MeOH with a flow rate of 100 µL/min and 33 mbar vDMS pressure, 8 out 14 PA could be partially or totally separated by vDMS-MS. As well as providing an additional separation dimension vDMS improved the selectivity and a 5-minute assay method was developed for the quantification of 10 out of 14 single diastereomeric PA in tea samples, using a short LC column-switching and hyphenated to vDMS-MS in the selected ion monitoring mode. The performance of the method was found to be comparable with a 12-minute standard LC-MS/MS method using detection in the selected reaction monitoring mode. Additionally, the combination of vDMS and SFC-MS was investigated and suggests that the mixture of CO2/MeOH influences the CV shifting of the PA to more negative compensation voltage, and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by a factor of three compared to SFC-MS without vDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Cifuentes Girard
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Knight
- Shimadzu Research Laboratory, Wharfside, Trafford Wharf Road, Manchester M17 1GP, UK
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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4
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Fu Q, Dong W, Ge D, Ke Y, Jin Y. Supercritical fluid chromatography based on reversed-phase/ ion chromatography mixed-mode stationary phase for separation of spirooxindole alkaloids. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464163. [PMID: 37348226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The present paper illustrates the versatility of the supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) since, for the first time, four spirooxindole alkaloids (SOAs) including two pairs of isomers were separated by using two types of reversed-phase/ ion chromatography (RP/IC) mixed-mode stationary phases. Two mixed-mode stationary phases (C8SAX and C8SCX) was simultaneously provided dispersive and electrostatic interactions, which were suitable for the separation of such alkaloids. This study tried to provide an in-depth understanding of the SFC separation mechanism of the mixed-mode stationary phase through investigation of the impact of changes in mobile phase composition on alkaloids' retention behavior. On C8SAX, due to the strong electrostatic repulsion, there was a very narrow elution window of the alkaloids, of which behaviors were hardly affected by adding diethylamine in mobile phase. When adding formic acid or acidic ammonium formate, the prolonged retention time of alkaloids was presented because of the shielded effect of formate anions on the electrostatic repulsion. In particular, better peak shape and improved resolution were obtained by using acidic ammonium formate due to the deactivation of silanol groups by ammonium cations. On the other hand, both formic acid and acidic ammonium formate can strengthen the electrostatic attraction of C8SCX, causing difficult elution of the alkaloids. Ammonium cations from either the protonated diethylamine or the ionized ammonium formate, were considered as counter ions to effectively mask the electrostatic attraction of C8SCX, to significantly reduce the retention of alkaloids, but improve the resolution. Finally, utilizing two developed SFC methods, i.e., C8SAX with EtOH+ 10 mM acidic ammonium formate in CO2, or C8SCX with EtOH+0.1% diethylamine in CO2, the baseline separation of corynoxeine and isocorynoxeine, rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline was achieved within 5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wenwen Dong
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dandan Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yanxiong Ke
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yu Jin
- Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Zwerger M, Zelger J, Ganzera M. Separation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in different Senecio species using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 228:115310. [PMID: 36863105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Different Senecio species, especially S. inaequidens - a neophyte native to South Africa - have widely spread across Europe and now are found worldwide. The entire genus is known to contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which renders them a possible health hazard to humans and livestock. As they can enter the food chain or occur as contaminants in herbal crops and phytopharmaceutical formulations (e.g. teas), efficient and straightforward assays for their qualitative and quantitative analysis are in high demand. Different techniques have been used for this purpose, most commonly HPLC or GC. As the analysis of PAs is a challenging task, alternative methodologies like ultra-high performance SFC (UHPSFC) may offer an additional benefit in terms of their separation efficiency and orthogonal selectivity. In this study an UHPSFC approach for the simultaneous determination of six PAs (free bases as well as N-oxides) is presented, which achieved the baseline separation of all standard compounds in seven min. Optimal separation was carried out in gradient mode on a Torus™ DEA column with 0.05% ammonia in methanol as modifier. The column temperature was 25 °C, ABPR 1900 psi and flow rate 1.1 mL/min, with a detection wavelength of 215 nm. The assay was validated and fulfilled all ICH criteria exhibiting good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9994), precision (inter-day variance ≤ 3.67%, intra-day variance ≤ 3.92%) and recovery rates (96.3-104.1%), with detection limits typical for SFC-PDA (≤ 4.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, it could conveniently be coupled to MS-detection, which increased the sensitivity significantly. To confirm practical suitability of the method, different Senecio samples were analyzed, indicating a high qualitative as well as quantitative difference in their PA profile (e.g. total amounts of PA between 0.09 and 4.63 mg/g).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zwerger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Zelger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Gibitz-Eisath N, Seger C, Schwaiger S, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Simultaneous Quantitative Analysis of the Major Bioactive Compounds in Gentianae Radix and its Beverages by UHPSFC-DAD. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7586-7593. [PMID: 35695390 PMCID: PMC9228070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the first ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-diode array detector (UHPSFC-DAD) assay for simultaneous quantitation of secoiridoids, iridoids, xanthones, and xanthone glycosides in Gentiana lutea L. Separation was reached within 12 min on an Acquity UPC2 BEH 2-EP column using CO2 and methanol with 5.5% water as mobile phases. Method validation for nine selected marker compounds (gentisin, isogentisin, swertiamarin, sweroside, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, amarogentin, gentioside, and its isomer) confirmed the assay's sensitivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy. The practical applicability was proven by the analysis of 13 root specimens and 10 commercial liquid preparations (seven liqueurs and three clear spirits). In all root batches, the secoiridoid gentiopicroside dominated (2.1-5.6%) clearly over all other metabolites. In the liqueurs, the metabolite content and distribution were extremely variable: while gentiopicroside was the main compound in four liqueurs, sweroside dominated in one preparation and loganic acid in two others. In contrast, measurable amounts of the metabolites were not detected in any of the examined clear spirits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gibitz-Eisath
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Labordiagnostic
St. Gallen West AG, 9015 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Seger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Labordiagnostic
St. Gallen West AG, 9015 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schwaiger
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB − Centrum of
Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Goels T, Eichenauer E, Tahir A, Prochaska P, Hoeller F, Heiß EH, Glasl S. Exudates of Picea abies, Pinus nigra, and Larix decidua: Chromatographic Comparison and Pro-Migratory Effects on Keratinocytes In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:599. [PMID: 35270069 PMCID: PMC8912572 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Balms and resins of Picea abies, Larix decidua, and Pinus nigra are traditionally used to treat wounds. Three chromatographic techniques differing in separation capacity and technical demands were employed to distinguish among these plant exudates. A TLC method was established for fingerprint comparison, providing a quick overview of a large number of samples at low cost. HPLC-DAD (RP18) and UHPSFC-DAD (Torus 2-Picolylamin), hyphenated to ESI-MS, represented orthogonal chromatographic systems with high separation performance. The developed methods allow for the separation and detection of major and minor constituents belonging to different compound classes (phenyl carboxylic acids, lignans, diterpene resin acids). The qualitative compositions of the diterpene resin acids, the main compounds in the exudates, were comparable in all three genera. Differences were detected in the distribution of hydroxylated diterpene resin acids, pinoresinol, and hydroxycinnamic acids. The three tested chromatographic systems with varying demands on lab equipment offer appropriate tools for the quality assessment of Picea abies, Larix decidua, and Pinus nigra. The extracts were furthermore tested at three different concentrations (10 µg/mL, 3 µg/mL, and 1 µg/mL) for boosted re-epithelialization, a crucial step in the wound-healing process, in an in vitro HaCaT keratinocyte-based scratch assay. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 10 µM) and extracts of several medicinal plants well known for their wound-healing properties (birch, marigold, St. John's wort, manuka honey) were used as positive controls. Picea abies and Pinus nigra showed concentration dependency; significant activity was measured for Larix decidua at 3 µg/mL.
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8
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Molenaar SR, Savova MV, Cross R, Ferguson PD, Schoenmakers PJ, Pirok BW. Improving retention-time prediction in supercritical-fluid chromatography by multivariate modelling. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1668:462909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Multipolar Compounds in Plant Tea by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Coupled to Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11010111. [PMID: 35010237 PMCID: PMC8750315 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) microextraction combined with supercritical fluid chromatography-ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SFC/IM-QTOF-MS) was used to analyze the multipolar compounds in plant tea. The parameters of stationary phase, mobile phase, make-up solution, temperature, and back pressure were optimized. The target analytes were gradient eluted in 8 min by supercritical CO2 on a Zorbax RX-SIL column. Collisional Cross Section (CCS) values for single and multiple fields were measured. A series of validation studies were carried out under the optimal conditions, and the linear relationship and reproducibility were good. The limits of detection were 1.4 (Scoparone (1))~70 (Naringenin (4)) ng/mL, and the limits of quantification were 4.7 (Scoparone (1))~241 (Naringenin (4)) ng/mL. The recoveries of most compounds ranged from 60.7% to 127%. As a consequence, the proposed method was used for the separation and quantitative analysis of active ingredients in caulis dendrobii.
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Ganzera M, Zwerger M. Analysis of natural products by SFC – Applications from 2015 to 2021. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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On-line supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE-SFC) at a glance: A coupling story. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Yamamoto K, Machida K, Kotani A, Hakamata H. Emerging Separation Techniques in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:970-975. [PMID: 34602578 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has unique separative characteristics distinguished from those of HPLC and gas chromatography. At present, SFC is widely used and there are many applications in various biological, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. In this review, we focus on recently developed novel techniques related to SFC separation including: new column stationary phases, microfluidics, two-dimensional separation, and gas-liquid separation. In addition, we discuss the application of SFC using a water-containing modifier to biological molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and small proteins that had been challenging analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Koichi Machida
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Akira Kotani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Hideki Hakamata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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13
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Jiang T, Ghosh R, Charcosset C. Extraction, purification and applications of curcumin from plant materials-A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Sun T, Luo J, Xu Y, Sun X, Yang S, Yang M. Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for separation and quantitation of saikosaponins in herbal medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 199:114039. [PMID: 33839642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Saikosaponins are the main active ingredients of Bupleuri Radix and have been shown to have hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-viral activities. Among the saikosaponins, saikosaponin a (SSa), saikosaponin b1 (SSb1) and saikosaponin b2 (SSb2) are a group of isomers, which are difficult to separate by HPLC. In this study, a new method for separation and quantitation of saikosaponins was established by using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC). A Torus Diol column (100 mm × 3 mm, 1.7 μm) was applied in this study. The mobile phase CO2 (A) was the main solvent with MeOH (B) as co-solvent. The results showed that the five saikosaponins were successfully separated within 22 min through optimization of chromatographic conditions. Besides, the UHPSFC method was applied for the quantitation of saikosaponins in a patent medicine Chaihu Dropping Pills, and demonstrated a good correlation coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.9990 in the range of 0.025 - 0.25 mg/mL. The recoveries of the five saikosaponins at three different concentrations were in the range of 90.23-99.84%. This study indicates that the proposed method has high separation efficiency in analyzing saikosaponins, which provides a new way for the separation and quantitation of saikosaponins in herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinqi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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15
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Dong-Wei C, Yuan Z, Xiao-Yi D, Yu Z, Guo-Hui L, Xue-Song F. Progress in Pretreatment and Analytical Methods of Coumarins: An Update since 2012 - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:503-526. [PMID: 32314593 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1750338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are widely used due to their wide range of biological activities, but the long-term or excessive use of coumarin flavors can pose serious health hazards. Therefore, sensitive and specific methods for the quantification of these compounds in different matrices have been developed. In this review, an updated overview of the latest trends in sample preparation techniques and methods used to detect coumarins from March 2012 to April 2019 is provided. This study reviews different analytical methods (such as liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, electrochemical sensors, capillary electrophoresis, etc.) and different pretreatment methods (such as liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, etc.). Different methods for the pretreatment and determination of coumarins in plant, food, environmental, pharmaceutical and biological samples are summarized, discussed and compared.HighlightsProgress in pretreatment and analytical methods of coumarins are summarized.Fundamentals, instrumentation and applications of purification and quantification are summarized and compared.Optimization of experimental conditions are discussed.Newly emerged eco-friendly methods are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Dong-Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Xiao-Yi
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Guo-Hui
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xue-Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Gibitz-Eisath N, Eichberger M, Gruber R, Seger C, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Towards eco-friendly secondary plant metabolite quantitation: Ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography applied to common vervain (Verbena officinalis L.). J Sep Sci 2019; 43:829-838. [PMID: 31769179 PMCID: PMC7160600 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the first ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography diode array detector based assay for simultaneous determination of iridoid glucosides, flavonoid glucuronides, and phenylpropanoid glycosides in Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) extracts. Separation of the key metabolites was achieved in less than 7 min on an Acquity UPC2 Torus Diol column using a mobile phase gradient comprising subcritical carbon dioxide and methanol with 0.15% phosphoric acid. Method validation for seven selected marker compounds (hastatoside, verbenalin, apigenin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide, apigenin‐7‐O‐diglucuronide, verbascoside, and luteolin‐7‐O‐diglucuronide) confirmed the assay to be sensitive, linear, precise, and accurate. Head‐to‐head comparison to an ultra high performance liquid chromatography comparator assay did prove the high orthogonality of the methods. Quantitative result equivalence was evaluated by Passing‐Bablok‐correlation and Bland‐Altman‐plot analysis. This cross‐validation revealed, that one of the investigated marker compound peaks was contaminated in the ultra high performance liquid chromatography assay by a structurally related congener. Taken together, it was proven that the ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography instrument setup with its orthogonal selectivity is a true alternative to conventional reversed phase liquid chromatography in quantitative secondary metabolite analysis. For regulatory purposes, assay cross‐validation with highly orthogonal methods seems a viable approach to avoid analyte overestimation due to coeluting, analytically indistinguishable contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Gibitz-Eisath
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Miriam Eichberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Regina Gruber
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Seger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Risch Laboratory Group, Buchs, SG, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Sturm
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, CCB - Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, CMBI - Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Sánchez-Camargo ADP, Bueno M, Parada-Alfonso F, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E. Hansen solubility parameters for selection of green extraction solvents. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Yamamoto K, Kotani A, Hayashi Y, Hakamata H. Assessment of Repeatability in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection Based on the ISO 11843 Part 7. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:59-63. [PMID: 30606951 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study proposes a method for the assessment of repeatability in supercritical fluid chromatography with electrochemical detection (SFC-ECD), based on the ISO 11843 part 7 (ISO 11843-7:2018) which can theoretically provide detection limits and standard deviation (S.D.) through the stochastic properties of baseline noise without repetitive measurements of real samples. On the baseline noise of SFC-ECD, large-amplitude and periodic noises with less than 0.05 Hz were observed, and the power spectrum of the baseline noise showed 1/f fluctuation (f = frequency). It was found that the present power spectrum analysis, according to the law of error propagation, can provide suitable noise parameters to calculate S.D. of baseline noise and a relative S.D. (RSD) of peak area by ISO 11843-7. The chromatographic determinations of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol have been taken as examples. In the present SFC-ECD, the RSDs of peak areas for α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol obtained by ISO 11843-7 were within 95% confidence intervals of the RSD of them obtained by repetitive measurements (n = 6). Thus, we found that ISO 11843-7 is applicable to the assessment of repeatability in SFC-ECD for determining tocopherols without repetitive measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Kotani
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | | | - Hideki Hakamata
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
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Cavaliere C, Capriotti AL, La Barbera G, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Laganà A. Liquid Chromatographic Strategies for Separation of Bioactive Compounds in Food Matrices. Molecules 2018; 23:E3091. [PMID: 30486380 PMCID: PMC6320936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing attention for nutraceuticals and, in general, bioactive compounds naturally present in food. Indeed, the possibility of preserving human health and preventing disease (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, cancer etc.) by the intake of healthy food is attractive for both consumers and food industries. In turn, research in this field was also prompted significantly, with the aim of characterizing these bioactive compounds and ascribe to them a specific activity. The bioactive compounds can belong to several chemical classes. However, their chemical diversity and presence in complex matrices, such as food, make it challenging both their isolation and characterization. To tackle this issue, efficient separation systems are needed, which are mainly based on chromatography. In this context, this mini-review aims to provide the reader with an overview of the most relevant and recent approaches for the separation of the most common bioactive compounds in food, in particular polyphenols, phenols, carotenoids, and peptides, by liquid chromatography approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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21
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Current trends in supercritical fluid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6441-6457. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hug JJ, Bader CD, Remškar M, Cirnski K, Müller R. Concepts and Methods to Access Novel Antibiotics from Actinomycetes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E44. [PMID: 29789481 PMCID: PMC6022970 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinomycetes have been proven to be an excellent source of secondary metabolites for more than half a century. Exhibiting various bioactivities, they provide valuable approved drugs in clinical use. Most microorganisms are still untapped in terms of their capacity to produce secondary metabolites, since only a small fraction can be cultured in the laboratory. Thus, improving cultivation techniques to extend the range of secondary metabolite producers accessible under laboratory conditions is an important first step in prospecting underexplored sources for the isolation of novel antibiotics. Currently uncultured actinobacteria can be made available by bioprospecting extreme or simply habitats other than soil. Furthermore, bioinformatic analysis of genomes reveals most producers to harbour many more biosynthetic gene clusters than compounds identified from any single strain, which translates into a silent biosynthetic potential of the microbial world for the production of yet unknown natural products. This review covers discovery strategies and innovative methods recently employed to access the untapped reservoir of natural products. The focus is the order of actinomycetes although most approaches are similarly applicable to other microbes. Advanced cultivation methods, genomics- and metagenomics-based approaches, as well as modern metabolomics-inspired methods are highlighted to emphasise the interplay of different disciplines to improve access to novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim J Hug
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Chantal D Bader
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Maja Remškar
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Katarina Cirnski
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Zhang QW, Lin LG, Ye WC. Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: a comprehensive review. Chin Med 2018; 13:20. [PMID: 29692864 PMCID: PMC5905184 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural medicines were the only option for the prevention and treatment of human diseases for thousands of years. Natural products are important sources for drug development. The amounts of bioactive natural products in natural medicines are always fairly low. Today, it is very crucial to develop effective and selective methods for the extraction and isolation of those bioactive natural products. This paper intends to provide a comprehensive view of a variety of methods used in the extraction and isolation of natural products. This paper also presents the advantage, disadvantage and practical examples of conventional and modern techniques involved in natural products research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 People’s Republic of China
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