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de Oliveira Campos R, Lima SCR, de Souza Braga Filho J, de Jesus JS, Anunciação SM, Martins GF, de Jesus LM, Dos Anjos Santana A, de Oliveira Souza VC, Júnior FB, Ramos HE. Association of Salt Iodization and Urine Iodine Concentration in Schoolchildren from Public Schools in Northeast of Brazil. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4423-4429. [PMID: 33595754 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency (ID) is recognized as a leading risk factor for child development. Universal salt iodization (USI) is an effective and well-established intervention strategy for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). To evaluate the levels of iodine in household salt samples and the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in schoolchildren aged 6 to 14 years in public schools in Bahia, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1231 students (6 to 14 years old) from 17 public schools in Bahia. The iodine concentration was evaluated in salt and UIC samples. The adapted Sandell-Kolthoff reaction was used to determine urinary iodine levels. A spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) was used to examine the reduction of ceric ammonium sulfate. A standard iodine solution using a potassium iodate was used to extrapolate the iodine concentrations. The total of 665 salt samples had a median iodine concentration of 24 mg/kg (25th-75th percentile 17.0 to 28.5 mg/kg). The largest proportion (79.6%) of salt samples had iodine concentration in the recommended range, 17.6% of the samples presented iodine at a salt concentration below the established level (<15 mg/kg) and a small proportion was above it (2.8%). The general mean urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 217.53 ± 28.30 μg/L and median was 205.50 μg/L. The students evaluated and the salt samples analyzed showed satisfactory results, as recommended by Brazilian legislation and nutritional recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Oliveira Campos
- Health and Science Center, Federal University of Bahia Reconcavo, BA, Santo Antonio de Jesus, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sara Cristina Rebouças Lima
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jair de Souza Braga Filho
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Joice Santos de Jesus
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sara Moreira Anunciação
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Health & Science Center, Federal University Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antonio de Jesus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Flor Martins
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Lorena Maia de Jesus
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aline Dos Anjos Santana
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina de Oliveira Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering of University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helton Estrela Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Interactive Processes of Organs and Systems, Health & Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
- Bioregulation Department, Health and Science Institute, Federal University of Bahia, Avenida Reitor Miguel Calmon, S/N. Vale do Canela. Room 301, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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