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Pauletto G, Padoin Y, de Pellegrin SF, Bier CAS. The use of sonic and ultrasonic activation of endodontic sealer to improve sealer filling quality in the root canal: a scoping review. Odontology 2024; 112:657-671. [PMID: 38381264 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to map whether the use of sonic and ultrasonic methods to activate the endodontic sealer improves the sealer filling quality in the root canal, considering the bond strength and intratubular penetration to the root dentin as evaluation criteria. The study protocol was prospectively registered and is available online ( https://osf.io/x5fma/ ). Reporting was based on PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. The search was performed in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We selected studies without time and language restrictions that used sonic or ultrasonic methods to activate endodontic sealer, whose outcomes were bond strength and intratubular penetration. Three researchers independently selected the articles and collected data. Of 1422 articles, 19 were read in full and 13 studies were included. The vast majority of studies opted for direct activation of the endodontic sealer. The most investigated sealers were the epoxy resin-based sealers, and the ultrasonic activation method was the most explored. For the bond strength outcome, there was a trend toward higher values when the sealer was activated ultrasonically, but the findings seem to be divergent. The sonic activation was not effective for its intended purpose. For the outcome of intratubular penetration, the vast majority of studies indicate that the use of sonic and ultrasonic methods to activate the endodontic sealer is capable of increasing intratubular penetration. The use of sonic and ultrasonic methods to directly activate the endodontic sealer can increase the intratubular penetration of the sealer, but their benefits on the bond strength are uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Pauletto
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue #1000, T Street, Building 26F, Room 2383, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin Padoin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Flores de Pellegrin
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Souza Bier
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue #1000, T Street, Building 26F, Room 2383, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Agu OS, Tabil LG, Mupondwa E, Emadi B. Microwave absorber utilization to improve grinding and particle surface structure characteristics of torrefied switchgrass particles for bioenergy applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32423. [PMID: 38961901 PMCID: PMC11219346 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Torrefaction treatment improves biomass grindability by transforming the fibrous herbaceous to a more brittle and lighter coal-like material. Microwave-assisted torrefaction is a promising technology for biomass conversion into energy, fuels, and chemicals. The study applied microwave absorbers in the torrefaction process to improve the thermochemical characteristics and grindability of switchgrass. Switchgrass in two particle sizes was torrefied in a microwave reactor with biochar added as a microwave absorber under inert conditions. After torrefaction, the geometric mean particle and size distribution and selected physical characteristics were evaluated, and the grindability of the torrefied ground and chopped with and without biochar were compared with those of untreated switchgrass. The geometric diameter results decreased, and the specific energy required for grinding torrefied switchgrass with biochar was significantly reduced with extended residence times and at a torrefaction temperature of 300 °C. After grinding, the lowest grinding energy of 32.82 kJ at 300 °C/20 min was recorded with torrefied ground switchgrass/biochar. The 10% biochar added/250 °C resulted in deep cell wall disarrangement, whereas at a torrefaction temperature of 300 °C, large surface deformation and carbonized weight fractions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obiora S. Agu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Lope G. Tabil
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Edmund Mupondwa
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
- Bioproducts and Bioprocesses, Science and Technology Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Government of Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Center, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Bagher Emadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
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Keles A, Askerbeyli Ors S, Purali N, Kucukkaya Eren S. Effect of different sealer activation techniques on dentinal tubule penetration. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49:470-475. [PMID: 36723389 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different activation techniques on dentin tubule penetration of root canal sealer. Seventy-five teeth with single canals were chemomechanically prepared. A calcium silicate-based sealer was stained with a fluorescent dye (rhodamine B), placed into the canals and activated according to the following groups: control (no activation), EDDY, EndoActivator, ultrasonic and XP-Endo Finisher. Then, the samples were obturated. The percentages of sealer penetration at various depth levels of root sections were measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy. XP-Endo Finisher presented the highest penetration at 50 μm (p < 0.05). XP-Endo Finisher showed similar penetration with EDDY at 100 and 200 μm (p > 0.05) while presented higher penetration than the other groups (p < 0.05). At 500 μm, XP-Endo Finisher presented higher penetration than EndoActivator (p < 0.05) while similar penetration with the other groups (p > 0.05). XP-Endo Finisher can be recommended for activation during sealer placement for better penetration into dentin tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Keles
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Askerbeyli Ors
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuhan Purali
- Departmant of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selen Kucukkaya Eren
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chew ST, Eshak Z, Al-Haddad A. Evaluation of interfacial adaptation and penetration of bioceramic-based sealers in oval root canals: A confocal laser scanning microscope study. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:754-761. [PMID: 37078493 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess the interfacial adaptation and penetration depth of three different bioceramic-based sealers (CeraSeal, EndoSeal MTA, Nishika Canal Sealer BG) compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) in oval root canals. Fourty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar with oval canal were prepared and randomly allocated according to the obturation into; CeraSeal, EndoSeal MTA, Nishika Canal Sealer BG and AH Plus. The roots were sectioned at 3, 6 and 9 mm from the apex. The sealer adaptation and the penetration depth were evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscope. One-way ANOVA and Repeated measure ANOVA were used to statistically analyze the data. Nishika Canal Sealer BG showed significantly higher sealer adaptation than EndoSeal MTA (P < .001) at apical and middle thirds. Meanwhile, AH Plus showed significantly higher sealer adaptation than EndoSeal MTA (P = 0.011) at middle third. For sealer penetration, Nishika Canal Sealer BG showed the longest sealer penetration that was significant compared to AH Plus (P < .001) and EndoSeal MTA (P < .001) whereas CeraSeal was significantly higher than EndoSeal MTA (P = 0.029) at coronal third. For AH Plus, there was a significant less sealer penetration at coronal third compared to apical and middle thirds (P < .05). Whereas for EndoSeal MTA, the coronal third has significant less penetration compared to the middle third (P = 0.032). Endoseal has the lowest adaptation and penetration depth. Nishika Canal Sealer BG has better adaptation and penetration depth using single cone obturation technique in oval canal. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: All the tested root canal sealers have some percentage of gaps and vary in their penetration capability into dentinal tubules. Nishika Canal Sealer BG has significantly better sealer adaptation to root dentinal walls than that of EndoSeal MTA at the apical and middle third but not significantly different from other type of sealers used. Nishika Canal Sealer BG has significantly better penetration depth than AH Plus and EndoSeal MTA at the coronal third of radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Teng Chew
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zolkapli Eshak
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Afaf Al-Haddad
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lin GSS, Luddin N, Ghani HA, Lai JCH, Noorani TY. Dislodgment Resistance, Adhesive Pattern, and Dentinal Tubule Penetration of a Novel Experimental Algin Biopolymer-Incorporated Bioceramic-Based Root Canal Sealer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:1317. [PMID: 36904558 PMCID: PMC10007138 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The currently available bioceramic-based sealers still demonstrate low bond strength with a poor seal in root canal despite desirable biological properties. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the dislodgment resistance, adhesive pattern, and dentinal tubule penetration of a novel experimental algin-incorporated bioactive glass 58S calcium silicate-based (Bio-G) sealer and compared it with commercialised bioceramic-based sealers. A total of 112 lower premolars were instrumented to size 30. Four groups (n = 16) were assigned for the dislodgment resistance test: control, gutta-percha + Bio-G, gutta-percha + BioRoot RCS, and gutta-percha + iRoot SP, with exclusion of the control group in adhesive pattern and dentinal tubule penetration tests. Obturation was done, and teeth were placed in an incubator to allow sealer setting. For the dentinal tubule penetration test, sealers were mixed with 0.1% of rhodamine B dye. Subsequently, teeth were cut into a 1 mm-thick cross section at 5 mm and 10 mm levels from the root apex, respectively. Push-out bond strength, adhesive pattern, and dentinal tubule penetration tests were performed. Bio-G showed the highest mean push-out bond strength (p < 0.05), while iRoot SP showed the greatest sealer penetration (p < 0.05). Bio-G demonstrated more favourable adhesive patterns. No significant association was noted between dislodgment resistance and dentinal tubule penetration (p > 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Galvin Sim Siang Lin
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Luddin
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Huwaina Abd Ghani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
| | - Josephine Chang Hui Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Sustainable Energy, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Yusuf Noorani
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
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Cimpean SI, Burtea ALC, Chiorean RS, Dudescu MC, Antoniac A, Robu A, Campian RS, Timis LI. Evaluation of Bond Strength of Four Different Root Canal Sealers. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144966. [PMID: 35888436 PMCID: PMC9321937 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of the study were to evaluate the influence of the sealer’s chemical composition on the interfacial strength between root canal dentin and root filling material, for two different classes of endodontic sealers, and to assess their failure modes. Methods: Forty extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into four groups using the following endodontic sealers: RealSeal SE and Resilon (RSSE); EndoSequence BC sealer and BC Point (EBCS); Endoseal MTA and gutta-percha (EDS); Bioroot RCS and gutta-percha (BRS). Teeth were embedded in acrylic resin, and the roots were sectioned horizontally into 1 mm slices. For each slice, the perimeter was measured. A push-out test was performed using an Instron universal testing machine. For each sample, bond strength was calculated. Specimens were examined by SEM investigation in order to analyze the dentin−sealer−core interface. Results were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey and Bonferroni test. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that EDS and gutta-percha had significantly higher resistance to dislodgement compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). EBCS and BC Point showed significantly greater push-out bond strength values compared to RSSE and Resilon (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Bioceramic endodontic sealers showed a higher bond strength to root dentin than methacrylate resin-based endodontic sealer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanda Ileana Cimpean
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Str., 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.S.C.); (L.I.T.)
| | - Adela Loredana Colceriu Burtea
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Str., 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.S.C.); (L.I.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-722953352
| | - Radu Stefan Chiorean
- Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Bdul. Muncii, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.S.C.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Mircea Cristian Dudescu
- Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 103-105 Bdul. Muncii, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.S.C.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Aurora Antoniac
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Alina Robu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, District 6, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (A.A.); (A.R.)
| | - Radu Septimiu Campian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Str., 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.S.C.); (L.I.T.)
| | - Lucia Iacobina Timis
- Faculty of Dentistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Str., 400000 Cluj Napoca, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.S.C.); (L.I.T.)
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