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Wang Z, Yuan C, Chen J, Li Y, Wei Y, Li H, Qiu J, Huang L, Hu Z, Hao X, Gu W. Constituents from Zanthoxylum dimorphophyllum and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2023.104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Mutinda ES, Kimutai F, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Ndungu CN, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115895. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
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Mutinda ES, Kimutai F, Mkala EM, Waswa EN, Odago WO, Nanjala C, Ndungu CN, Gichua MK, Njire MM, Gituru RW, Hu GW. Ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of pantropical genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae): An update. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115895. [PMID: 36513263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants have been used in various parts of the world to treat various diseases. The genus Zanthoxylum L. (Rutaceae) is the second largest genus of this family and comprises approximately 225-549 species distributed in the tropical and temperate regions of the world. Plants of this genus are trees and shrubs with various applications in folklore medicine for food, medicine, construction, and other uses. AIM OF THE REVIEW The goal of this review is to give an updated data on the ethnobotanical applications, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the Zanthoxylum species to investigate their medicinal potential and identify research gaps for future research studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was obtained through a systematic search of published literature and online databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Sci-Finder. The botanical names were confirmed using the World Flora Online and chemical structures were drawn using the ChemBio Draw Ultra Version 14.0 Software. RESULTS The Zanthoxylum species have a wide use in different parts of the continents as a remedy for various diseases such as digestive diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, venereal diseases, respiratory diseases, rheumatism, bacterial diseases, viral, and other diseases. Various parts of the plant comprising fruits, seeds, twigs, leaves, oils, and stems are administered singly or in the form of decoction, infusion, powder, paste, poultice, juice, or mixed with other medicinal plants to cure the disease. More than 400 secondary metabolites have been isolated and characterized in this genus with various biological activities, which comprise alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, alcohols, fatty acids, amides, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, and hydrocarbons. The crude extracts, fractions, and chemical compounds isolated from the genus have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities both in vivo and in vitro, including; anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-sickling, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, antitumor, and other pharmacological activities. CONCLUSION This genus has demonstrated an array of phytoconstituents with therapeutic potential. The ethnobotanical uses of this genus have been confirmed in modern pharmacological research. This genus is a potential source for modern drug discovery and health care products. Further and extensive research is therefore required on the safety approval and therapeutic application of the species of this genus as well as clinical trials and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Syowai Mutinda
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Festus Kimutai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Elijah Mbandi Mkala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Emmanuel Nyongesa Waswa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wyclif Ochieng Odago
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Consolata Nanjala
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Caroline Njambi Ndungu
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Kirega Gichua
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Moses Muguci Njire
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Sharma M, Sharma N, Muddassir M, Rahman QI, Dwivedi UN, Akhtar S. Structure-based pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening and simulation studies for the identification of potent anticancerous phytochemical lead targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9815-9832. [PMID: 34151738 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases are of critical importance in directing various cell cycle phases making them as potential tumor targets. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in particular plays a significant part during cell cycle events and its imbalance roots out tumorogenic environment. Herein, we built a structure-based pharmacophore model complementing the ATP pocket site of CDK2 with four pharmacophoric features, using a series of structures obtained from cluster analysis during MD simulation assessment. This was followed by its validation and further database screening against Taiwan indigenous plants database (5284 compounds). The screened compounds were subjected toward Lipinski's rule (RO5) and ADMET filter followed by docking analysis and simulation study. In filtering hits (10 compounds) via molecular docking against CDK2, Schinilenol with -8.1 kcal/mol fetched out as a best lead phytoinhibitor in the presence of standard drug (Dinaciclib). Additionally, pharmacophore mapping analysis also indicated relative fit values of dinaciclib and schinilenol as 2.37 and 2.31, respectively. Optimization, flexibility prediction and the stability of CDK2 in complex with the ligands were also ascertained by means of molecular dynamics for 50 ns, which further proposed schinilenol having better binding stability than dinaciclib with RMSD values ranging from 0.31 to 0.34 nm. Reactivity site, biological activity detection and cardiotoxicity assessment also proposed schinilenol as a better phytolead inhibitor than the existing dinaciclib. Abbreviations: CDK2: Cyclin dependent kinase2; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; MD: Molecular dynamics, RO5: Rule of five; ADMET: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; RMSD: Root mean square deviation; DS: Discovery Studio; SOM: Site of metabolism; RBPM: receptor based pharmacophore model; TIP: Schinilenol; hERG: human Ether-à-go-go - Related GeneCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Muddassir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - U N Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Salman Akhtar
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India.,Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
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Anti-hypoxic active constituents from the twigs of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chai T, Qiang Y. Two new coumarins from branches of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:820-826. [PMID: 34662216 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1992391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Two new coumarins (1-2) have been isolated from a methanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium branches. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 have been elucidated as 6-isopentenyl -7-benzoyl-coumarin and 3-isopentenyl-7-benzoyl-coumarin based on extensive spectroscopic analysis, including IR, NMR, and MS. The inhibitory activity of compounds 1 and 2 against HeLa and HepG2 cell lines has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yin Qiang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Shang XF, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu YQ, Li XH, Zhang JY, Lee KH. Biology of quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2022; 88:1-47. [PMID: 35305754 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted scientific and popular interest worldwide since the 19th century. More than 600 compounds have been isolated from nature to date. To build on our two prior reviews, we reexamined the promising molecules described in previous reports and provided updated literature on novel quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids isolated over the past 5 years. This chapter reviews and discusses 205 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antiparasitic and insecticidal, antibacterial and antifungal, cardioprotective, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and other effects. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China; Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiu-Hui Li
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ji-Yu Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Li L, Zeng HH, Zhang YY, Liang JY, Zhang XZ, Peng JB. Pd/Cu catalyzed carbonylation of α-aminoaryl-tethered alkylidenecyclopropanes: synthesis of furoquinoline derivatives. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01420c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A Pd/Cu catalyzed carbonylation of α-aminoaryl-tethered ACPs for the synthesis of furoquinoline derivatives has been developed. Oxygen was used as the terminal oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Hui Zeng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - You-Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yan Liang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, P. R. China
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Park C, Choi EO, Hwangbo H, Lee H, Jeong JW, Han MH, Moon SK, Yun SJ, Kim WJ, Kim GY, Hwang HJ, Choi YH. Induction of apoptotic cell death in human bladder cancer cells by ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaf, through ROS-dependent inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:330-343. [PMID: 35663445 PMCID: PMC9149322 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.3.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Zanthoxylum schinifolium is traditionally used as a spice for cooking in East Asian countries. This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-proliferative potential of ethanol extracts of Z. schinifolium leaves (EEZS) against human bladder cancer T24 cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Subsequent to measuring the cytotoxicity of EEZS, the anti-cancer activity was measured by assessing apoptosis induction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). In addition, we determined the underlying mechanism of EEZS-induced apoptosis through various assays, including Western blot analysis. RESULTS EEZS treatment concentration-dependently inhibited T24 cell survival, which is associated with apoptosis induction. Exposure to EEZS induced the expression of Fas and Fas-ligand, activated caspases, and subsequently resulted to cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. EEZS also enhanced the expression of cytochrome c in the cytoplasm by suppressing MMP, following increase in the ratio of Bax:Bcl-2 expression and truncation of Bid. However, EEZS-mediated growth inhibition and apoptosis were significantly diminished by a pan-caspase inhibitor. Moreover, EEZS inhibited activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and the apoptosis-inducing potential of EEZS was promoted in the presence of PI3K/Akt inhibitor. In addition, EEZS enhanced the production of ROS, whereas N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly suppressed growth inhibition and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway induced by EEZS. Furthermore, NAC significantly attenuated the EEZS-induced apoptosis and reduction of cell viability. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results indicate that exposure to EEZS exhibits anti-cancer activity in T24 bladder cancer cells through ROS-dependent induction of apoptosis and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Park
- Division of Basic Sciences, College of Liberal Studies, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Hyun Hwangbo
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Korea Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyesook Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju 17104, Korea
| | - Min Ho Han
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon 33662, Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Ansung 17546, Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dong-eui University, Busan 47227, Korea
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Wang K, Meng XH, Chai T, Wang CB, Sang CY, Wang WF, Shang XY, Yang JL. Chemical constituents from the fruits of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Okagu IU, Ndefo JC, Aham EC, Udenigwe CC. Zanthoxylum Species: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134023. [PMID: 34209371 PMCID: PMC8272177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zanthoxylum species (Syn. Fagara species) of the Rutaceae family are widely used in many countries as food and in trado-medicinal practice due to their wide geographical distribution and medicinal properties. Peer reviewed journal articles and ethnobotanical records that reported the traditional knowledge, phytoconstituents, biological activities and toxicological profiles of Z. species with a focus on metabolic and neuronal health were reviewed. It was observed that many of the plant species are used as food ingredients and in treating inflammation, pain, hypertension and brain diseases. Over 500 compounds have been isolated from Z. species, and the biological activities of both the plant extracts and their phytoconstituents, including their mechanisms of action, are discussed. The phytochemicals responsible for the biological activities of some of the species are yet to be identified. Similarly, biological activities of some isolated compounds remain unknown. Taken together, the Z. species extracts and compounds possess promising biological activities and should be further explored as potential sources of new nutraceuticals and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Joseph Chinedu Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.C.U.)
| | - Emmanuel Chigozie Aham
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; (I.U.O.); (E.C.A.)
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Correspondence: (J.C.N.); (C.C.U.)
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Chen SS, Xie TZ, He YJ, Liu YY, Li L, Zhao LX, Luo XD. Alkaloids of Toddalia asiatica (Rutaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chemical constituents from the pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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14
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Duan ZK, Lin B, Du YQ, Li C, Yu XQ, Xue XB, Liu QB, Song SJ, Huang XX. Monoterpenoid coumarins and monoterpenoid phenylpropanoids from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj04872k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three new monoterpenoid coumarins, zantholin A (3), altissimacoumarin P-Q (5, 6), two new monoterpenoid phenylpropanoids, altissmaphenylpropanoids A-B (2, 4), along with two known compounds (7, 8), were obtained from aqueous EtOH extracts of the root bark of Ailanthus altissima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Qin Du
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Chuan Li
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command
- Shenyang 110016
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Xiao-Bian Xue
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development
- Liaoning Province
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
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Wang Y, Yang SH, Zhong K, Jiang T, Zhang M, Kwan HY, Su T. Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for the Investigation of the Anti-Obesity Effects of an Ethanolic Extract of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:572387. [PMID: 33364948 PMCID: PMC7751641 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.572387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Network pharmacology is considered as the next paradigm in drug discovery. In an era when obesity has become global epidemic, network pharmacology becomes an ideal tool to discover novel herbal-based therapeutics with effective anti-obesity effects. Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (ZBM) is a medicinal herb. The mature pericarp of ZBM is used for disease treatments and as spice for cooking. Here, we used the network pharmacology approach to investigate whether ZBM possesses anti-obesity effects and reveal the underlying mechanism of action. We first built up drug–ingredient–gene symbol–disease network and protein–protein interaction network of the ZBM-related obesity targets, followed by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses. The results highlight apoptosis as a promising signaling pathway that mediates the anti-obesity effects of ZBM. Molecular docking also reveals quercetin, a compound in ZBM has the highest degree of connections in the compound-target network and has direct bindings with the apoptotic markers. Furthermore, the apoptotic effects of ZBM are further validated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in the high-fat diet–induced obesity mouse model. These findings not only suggest ZBM can be developed as potential anti-obesity therapeutics but also demonstrate the application of network pharmacology for the discovery of herbal-based therapeutics for disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Hong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Keying Zhong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Su
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Structural characterization, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of alkaloids from the roots of Zanthoxylum austrosinense. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104101. [PMID: 32721778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Three new carbazole alkaloids, zanthoaustrones A-C (1-3), as well as nine known compounds 4-12, were isolated and characterized from the roots of Zanthoxylum austrosinense Huang (Rutaceae). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive and comprehensive spectroscopic methods, while the known alkaloids were identified by the comparison of their observed spectroscopic data including NMR data, MS data and optical rotation values with the data described in the literature. Furthermore, the antiproliferative activities as well as the anti-inflammatory effects of all isolated alkaloids in vitro were evaluated. All obtained alkaloids 1-12 displayed notable antiproliferative activities against diverse human cancer cell lines exhibiting IC50 values in range of 0.85 ± 0.06 to 29.56 ± 0.17 µM, which is equivalent to the positive control (cisplatin) showing IC50 values ranging from 1.58 ± 0.09 to 28.69 ± 0.21 µM. Moreover, compounds 1-12 exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities on nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values displaying IC50 values in range of 0.89 ± 0.05 to 9.62 ± 0.15 µM, which is comparable to the positive control (hydrocortisone) holding an IC50 value of 4.06 ± 0.11 µM. These findings indicate that the separation and characterization of these alkaloids displaying significant antiproliferative activities together with anti-inflammatory effects from the roots of Z. austrosinense could be meaningful to the research and development of new anti-cancer drugs as well as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Yan ZY, Lv TM, Wang YX, Shi SC, Chen JJ, Liu QB, Huang XX, Song SJ. Terpenylated coumarins from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 175:112361. [PMID: 32289598 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed terpenylated coumarins, named altissimacoumarin I-O, together with seven known compounds, altissimacoumarin C, altissimacoumarin E, altissimacoumarin G, altissimacoumarin H, puberulin, 7-(3-Methyl-2-butenyloxy)-6-methoxycoumarin and artelin were isolated from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectra data analysis, NMR calculation, DP4+ analysis and ACD/Structure Elucidator software simulation. The absolute configurations of altissimacoumarins K, L, M and N were determined by modified Mosher's method. All isolates were tested for their cytotoxic effect against two hepatoma carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B). Altissimacoumarin C exhibited moderate cytotoxic effect against Hep3B cells, with IC50 of 45.21 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yang Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Ming Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Chun Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jie Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Bo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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Pardo-Castaño C, Vásquez D, Bolaños G, Contreras A. Strong antimicrobial activity of collinin and isocollinin against periodontal and superinfectant pathogens in vitro. Anaerobe 2020; 62:102163. [PMID: 32007684 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis pathogenesis involves activation of host immune responses triggered by microbial dysbiosis. Therefore, controlling periodontal pathogens in-vivo is a main goal of periodontal therapy. New antimicrobials might help to control periodontal infection and improve treatment outcomes at "the dark times" of increasing antibiotic resistance. Here, we determined the biological activity of collinin and isocollinin against 8 bacterial strains. Antimicrobial activity of collinin and isocollinin, chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) was evaluated against clinically relevant periodontal bacteria, like Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister pneumosintes strains and superinfectants like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, and Pseudomonasaeruginosa strains. A broth microdilution test was carried out to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of collinin and isocollinin against those strains, and bacterial viability was determined by resazurin assay at diverse concentration and exposure times. P. gingivalis was the most susceptible strain to collinin and isocollinin (MIC 2.1 μg/mL and 4.2 μg/mL respectively). Other periodontal pathogens showed MICs <17 μg/mL for collinin and MICs between 20 and 42 μg/mL for isocollinin, whereas CHX and NaClO showed MICs of 62 and 326 μg/mL, respectively. Collinin and isocollinin also exhibited antimicrobial activity against superinfectant bacteria (MIC < 21 and < 42 μg/mL, respectively). Overall, collinin and isocollinin showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against relevant periodontal and superinfective bacteria, especially against P. gingivalis (MIC 2.1 μg/mL and 4.2 μg/mL respectively) and the highly virulent P. aeruginosa (MIC 5.2 and 20.8 μg/mL, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Pardo-Castaño
- Applied Thermodynamic Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Daniel Vásquez
- Periodontal Medicine Research Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, 760043, Cali, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Bolaños
- Applied Thermodynamic Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Universidad del Valle, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | - Adolfo Contreras
- Periodontal Medicine Research Group, School of Dentistry, Universidad del Valle, 760043, Cali, Colombia.
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Biomolecular Targets of Oxyprenylated Phenylpropanoids and Polyketides. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 108:143-205. [PMID: 30924014 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01099-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxyprenylated secondary metabolites (e.g. phenylpropanoids and polyketides) represent a rare class of natural compounds. Over the past two decades, this group of phytochemicals has become a topic of intense research activity by several teams worldwide due to their in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, and to their great therapeutic and nutraceutical potential for the chemoprevention of acute and chronic diseases affecting humans. Such investigations have provided evidence that oxyprenylated secondary metabolites are able to interact with several biological targets at different levels accounting for their observed anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, and metabolic effects. The aim of the present contribution is to provide a detailed survey of the so far reported data on the capacities of selected oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids and polyketides to trigger receptors, enzymes, and other types of cellular factors for which they exhibit a high degree of affinity and therefore evoke specific responses. With respect to the rather small amounts of these compounds available from natural sources, their chemical synthesis is also highlighted.
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Khan MF, Rawat AK, Khatoon S, Hussain MK, Mishra A, Negi DS. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic effect of extracts of Melia azedarach, Zanthoxylum alatum, and Tanacetum nubigenum. Integr Med Res 2018; 7:176-183. [PMID: 29984178 PMCID: PMC6026355 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the antidiabetic effect of Himalayan Medicinal plants from India viz. Melia azedarach (Family: Meliaceae), Zanthoxylum alatum (Family: Rutaceae), Tanacetum nubigenum (Family: Asteraceae) using in-vitro as well as in-vivo approaches. METHODS Their effects were examined on stimulation of glucose uptake by C2C12 cultured cell line, inhibitory effect on human recombinant Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) and followed by the hypoglycaemic activity of extracts in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. RESULTS All prepared extracts had been found to enrich with polyphenolic, flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones and saponins type of compounds. n-Butanol fraction of Zanthoxylum alatum showed maximum PTP-1B inhibition (61.9%) whereas ethanol extract of Tanacetum nubigenum showed strong stimulation of glucose uptake (+61.2%) in C2Cl2 myotubes. In STZ induced Sprague-Dawley rats, significant decrease in blood glucose level was observed in ethanol extract of Melia azaderach treated group as 14.8% (p < 0.01) whereas in the ethanol extract of Tanacetum nubigenum treated group, it was observed as 15.5% (p < 0.01) compare to metformin which showed 26.8% (p < 0.01) lowering of blood glucose in the same time duration of 5 h study. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that these plants have a significant therapeutic value in type-2-diabetes mellitus and related complications thus supporting their traditional uses in Indian traditional system of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Arun Kumar Rawat
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Arvind Mishra
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, India
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Shang XF, Morris-Natschke SL, Liu YQ, Guo X, Xu XS, Goto M, Li JC, Yang GZ, Lee KH. Biologically active quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids part I. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:775-828. [PMID: 28902434 PMCID: PMC6421866 DOI: 10.1002/med.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids, two important classes of N-based heterocyclic compounds, have attracted tremendous attention from researchers worldwide since the 19th century. Over the past 200 years, many compounds from these two classes were isolated from natural sources, and most of them and their modified analogs possess significant bioactivities. Quinine and camptothecin are two of the most famous and important quinoline alkaloids, and their discoveries opened new areas in antimalarial and anticancer drug development, respectively. In this review, we survey the literature on bioactive alkaloids from these two classes and highlight research achievements prior to the year 2008 (Part I). Over 200 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal, antiparasitic and insecticidal, antiviral, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, antioxidant and other activities, were reviewed. This survey should provide new clues or possibilities for the discovery of new and better drugs from the original naturally occurring quinoline and quinazoline alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jun-Cai Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Zhou Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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A new benzophenanthridine alkaloid and other bioactive constituents from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum heitzii. Fitoterapia 2016; 109:196-200. [PMID: 26802607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Heitziquinone (7), a new benzophenanthridine alkaloid, together with five known compounds; isoarnottianamide (5), rhoifoline B (6), isobauerenol (8), 6-hydroxypellitorine (9) and sylvamide (10), were isolated as minor compounds from the hexane extract of stem bark from Zanthoxylum heitzii. Four previously reported compounds (1-4) were found, as well. Compounds 5 and 7 were both found to exist as 4:1 mixtures of two atropisomers. The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectrometry. Compounds 5-10 were identified for the first time in this species, and they are all rare natural compounds. Pellitorine (4), one of the main compounds from the hexane bark extract, was found to be responsible for the brine shrimp larvae toxicity (LC50 37 μM, 8 μg/ml) of the crude extract (LC50 24 μg/ml). Low cytotoxicity against a macrophage cell line was observed.
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Bo H, Bueom Goo K, Zhiqiang W, Soon SL. Effect of ethanol extract of plant mixture on hair regeneration in human dermal papilla cells and C57BL/6J mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2014.5355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Alam F, Us Saqib QN. Pharmacognostic study and development of quality control parameters for fruit, bark and leaf of Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae). Anc Sci Life 2015; 34:147-55. [PMID: 26120229 PMCID: PMC4458905 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.157159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Zanthoxylum armatum (Rutaceae) fruit, bark and leaves are used for various conditions of ailments in traditional systems of medicine since ancient times. Aims: This study is designed to lay down the various pharmacognostic and phytochemical standards which will be helpful to ensure the purity, safety, and efficacy of this medicinal plant. Materials and Methods: Various methods including macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and phytochemical methods were applied to determine the diagnostic features for the identification and standardization of intact and powdered drug of Z. armatum leaf, fruit, and bark. Results: The shape, size, color, odor, surface characteristics were determined for the intact drug and powdered materials of leaf, bark and fruit of Z. armatum. Light and electron microscope images of cross-section of leaf and powdered microscopy revealed useful diagnostic features. Histochemical, phytochemical, physicochemical including fluorescence analysis of powdered drug proved useful to differentiate the powdered drug material. High performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents such as gallic acid and rutin. Conclusion: The data generated from this study would be of help in the authentication of various parts of Z. armatum, an important constituent of various herbal drug formulations. The qualitative and quantitative microscopic features would prove useful for laying down pharmacopoeial standards. Morphology as well as various pharmacognostic aspects of different parts of the plant were studied and have been described here along with phytochemical, physicochemical studies, which will help in authentication and quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Najam Us Saqib
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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Kwon SU, Cha JY, Lee HY, Xin M, Ji SJ, Kim DK, Park DS, Pyo MK, Lee YM. Chloroform fraction of Euphorbia maculata has antiplatelet activity via suppressing thromboxane B2 formation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4255-61. [PMID: 25672843 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia maculata (EM) is a traditionally used antidiarrheal, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant agent. However, the effects of EM on platelet activity remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the antiplatelet effect of various EM extract fractions on platelet aggregation in rats. The antiplatelet activity of the EM fractions on collagen or adenosine diphosphate (ADP)‑induced platelet aggregation was evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation, rat‑tail bleeding time and coagulation time were also measured. Among the fractions, the chloroform fraction of EM (CFEM) significantly inhibited ADP‑induced platelet aggregation in vitro. Furthermore, oral administration of 50 mg/kg CFEM to rats significantly reduced ADP‑induced platelet aggregation without increasing the tail bleeding time or coagulation time. In addition, EM significantly inhibited the level of TXB2 formation in a dose‑dependent manner. These results suggest that CFEM exhibits antiplatelet activity, without causing bleeding, via the suppression of TXB2 formation. CFEM may be a type of food which has the potential for preventing cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Uk Kwon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang‑Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Cha
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang‑Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon-Yeon Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang‑Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingjie Xin
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang‑Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Ji
- Department of Food Industry Convergence, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ki Kim
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561‑180, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sim Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Pyo
- International Ginseng and Herb Research Institute, Guemsan, Chungbuk 312‑804, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang‑Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570‑749, Republic of Korea
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Kim SY, An SY, Lee JS, Heo JS. Zanthoxylum schinifolium enhances the osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2015; 51:165-73. [PMID: 25303944 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the osteogenic effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). The dried herb of Z. schinifolium was first extracted with 70% ethanol and subsequently fractionated into five parts: n-hexane, methylene chloride (MC), ethyl acetate (EA), n-butanol (BuOH), and water fractions. The proliferation of PDLSCs was first assessed and increased by hexane, EA, or BuOH fraction of Z. schinifolium. We evaluated the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osterix (OSX), FOSB, and FRA-1 as osteogenic transcription factors, and protein levels of osteopontin (OPN) and RUNX2 in response to each hexane, MC, EA, BuOH, or water fraction of Z. schinifolium. The significant ALP activity appeared in PDLSCs treated with hexane, EA, or BuOH fraction. The mRNA expression of osteogenic transcription factors was also increased by hexane, EA, or BuOH fraction with doses of 5, 10, 25, and 50 μg/ml compared to control group. We further assessed immunofluorescence staining with OPN and RUNX2 confirmed that the treatment of hexane, EA, or BuOH fraction enhances PDLSC osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, these data suggest that fractions from Z. schinifolium differentially regulate PDLSC function. Among them, proliferation and osteogenic potential of PDLSCs were enhanced by hexane, EA, or BuOH fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, South Korea
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Radiosensitizing effect of schinifoline from Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb et Zucc on human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells: a preliminary in vitro investigation. Molecules 2014; 19:20128-38. [PMID: 25470278 PMCID: PMC6271024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191220128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schinifoline (SF), a 4-quinolinone derivative, was found in Zanthoxylum schinifolium for the first time. 4-Quinolinone moieties are thought to have cytotoxic activity and are often used as a tubulin polymerization inhibitors, heterogeneous enzyme inhibitors and antiplatelet agents. However, very little information respect to radiosensitization has focused on SF. This work aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of SF on A549 cells. The cell viability results indicated cytotoxicity of SF on A549 cells, with IC50 values of 33.7 ± 2.4, 21.9 ± 1.9 and 16.8 ± 2.2 μg/mL, respectively, after 6, 12, 24 h treatment with different concentrations, and the 10% or 20% IC50 concentration during 12 h was applied in later experiments. The results of cell proliferative inhibition and clonogenic assay showed that SF enhanced the radiosensitivity of A549 cells when applied before 60Co γ-irradiation and this effect was mainly time and concentration dependent. The flow cytometric data indicated that SF treatment before the irradiation increased the G2/M phase, thus improving the radiosensitivity of A549, leading to cell apoptosis. This paper is the first study that describes the in vitro radiosensitising, cell cycle and apoptotic-inducing effects of schinifoline.
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Li W, Zhou W, Shim SH, Kim YH. Chemical constituents of Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Rutaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li W, Sun YN, Yan XT, Yang SY, Kim EJ, Kang HK, Kim YH. Coumarins and lignans from Zanthoxylum schinifolium and their anticancer activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:10730-10740. [PMID: 24144361 DOI: 10.1021/jf403479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zanthoxylum schinifolium is an aromatic shrub, and its pericarp and leaves are widely used in culinary applications in East Asian countries. It has also long been used in traditional Oriental medicine for treating the common cold, stomach ache, diarrhea, and jaundice. In this study, we identified two new compounds, zanthoxyloside (1) and schinifolisatin A (13), along with 23 known coumarins (2-12) and lignans (14-25), from a methanol extract of the stems of Z. schinifolium . The chemical structures of the compounds were determined by mass, 1D-, and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The anticancer effects of the isolated compounds were examined in three human cancer cell lines. Compounds 10-12 significantly reduced the proliferation of HL-60 human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells with IC50 values of 4.62-5.12 μM. Treatment of PC-3 prostate cancer cells and SNU-C5 colorectal cancer cells with compound 10 resulted in potent antiproliferative activity, with IC50 values of 4.39 and 6.26 μM, respectively. Also, compounds 10-12 induced the apoptosis of three cancer cells. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis was accompanied by down-regulation of p-ERK1/2 MAPK, p-AKT, and c-myc levels, in a time-dependent manner. These data suggested that compounds 10-12 from Z. schinifolium have potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Pierdoná TM, Lima NR, Rodrigues RCM, Teixeira JP, Gonçalves RP, Fontenele JB, Vasconcelos SMM, de Barros Viana GS, Leal LKAM. The Operculina macrocarpa (l.) urb. (jalapa) tincture modulates human blood platelet aggregation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:151-157. [PMID: 24201020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Operculina macrocarpa is an ornamental climbing plant of the Northeastern Brazil extensively used in traditional medicine as depurative of the blood and for the treatment of thrombosis. To investigate the antiplatelet and anticoagulant potential of Operculina macrocarpa and to determine the possible mechanisms of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS The Operculina macrocarpa tincture (OMT) was characterized by the polyphenol content and chromatographic profile established by HPLC with detection and quantification of three phenol acids (caffeic, clorogenic and gallic acids). The human platelet aggregation was induced in vitro by the agonists ADP, collagen, thrombin, epinephrine or arachidonic acid, and the antiplatelet effect of OMT was evaluated in the presence or absence of aspirin (a nonselective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase), pentoxifylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor), ticlopidine (a P2Y12 purinoceptor antagonist) or ODQ (a selective inhibitor of guanilate cyclase). The effect of OMT on the partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and bleeding time were investigated on human or rat plasma. RESULTS The strongest antiplatelet effect of OMT (50-400 µg/mL) was observed on the ADP- induced aggregation with inhibitions up to 55%, while among others agonists (epinephrine, collagen, thrombin and arachidonic acid) maximal inhibitions reached by OMT (200 µg/mL) were on platelet aggregation induced by collagen (18%) or epinephrine (20%). The antiplatelet effect of OMT (400 µg/mL) was comparable to aspirin, a nonspecific inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The ticlopidine and pentoxifylline increased 5.1 and 3.8 fold the inhibitory effect of OMT on ADP-induced platelet aggregation, respectively. On the other hand, l-arginine, ODQ and aspirin showed a slightly or no effect on antiplatelet effect of OMT. The bleeding time in rats was significantly increased by OMT, but the tincture did not interfere on the activated partial thromboplastin or prothrombin time in human plasma. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the tincture of Operculina macrocarpa has antiplatelet effect that cannot be attributed to a single biochemical mechanism and at least part of it cannot be related to the OMT inhibition of P2Y12 purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiana Magalhães Pierdoná
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Rocha Lima
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos (CEFAC), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará 60431-327, Brazil
| | - Raony Cássio Millet Rodrigues
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos (CEFAC), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará 60431-327, Brazil
| | - Jonas Pires Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos (CEFAC), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará 60431-327, Brazil
| | - Romélia Pinheiro Gonçalves
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos (CEFAC), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará 60431-327, Brazil
| | - Juvenia Bezerra Fontenele
- Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos (CEFAC), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará 60431-327, Brazil
| | - Silvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glauce Socorro de Barros Viana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil; Centro de Estudos Farmacêuticos e Cosméticos (CEFAC), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará 60431-327, Brazil.
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Lee TH, Chiou JL, Lee CK, Kuo YH. Separation and Determination of Chemical Constituents in the Roots ofRhus JavanicaL. Var.Roxburghiana. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cheng MJ, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Root Bark of FormosanZanthoxylum Ailanthoides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200300178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Cheng MJ, Yang CH, Lin WY, Lin WY, Tsai IL, Chen IS. Chemical Constituents from the Leaves ofZanthoxylum Schinifolium. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Santos J, Marquis A, Epifano F, Genovese S, Curini M, Grenier D. Collinin ReducesPorphyromonas gingivalisGrowth and Collagenase Activity and Inhibits the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Response and Osteoclast Differentiation and Function. J Periodontol 2013; 84:704-11. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kim JS, Lee ST, Han CR, Jun DY, Woo MH, Kim YH. Induction of apoptosis by collinin from Zanthoxylum schinifolium is mediated via mitochondrial pathway in human Jurkat T cells. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Cho JY, Hwang TL, Chang TH, Lim YP, Sung PJ, Lee TH, Chen JJ. New coumarins and anti-inflammatory constituents from Zanthoxylum avicennae. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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CHOI EUNOK, PARK CHEOL, SHIN SOONSHIK, CHO EUNJU, KIM BYUNGWOO, HWANG JINAH, HWANG HYEJIN, CHOI YUNGHYUN. Zanthoxylum schinifolium leaf ethanol extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation through inactivation of the extracellular signal regulated kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathways in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:1314-20. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Seo EJ, Ngoc TM, Lee SM, Kim YS, Jung YS. Chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside, an anthraquinone derivative in rhubarb, has antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:245-54. [PMID: 22302018 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11123fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb is a widely used traditional medicine and has been reported to elicit a number of biological effects including anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of anthraquinone derivatives isolated from rhubarb on platelet activity. Of four anthraquinone derivatives isolated from rhubarb examined, chrysophanol-8-O-glucoside (CP-8-O-glc) was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect on collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. CP-8-O-glc-treated mice showed significantly prolonged bleeding times. Furthermore, CP-8-O-glc was found to have a significant inhibitory effect on rat platelet aggregation ex vivo and on thromboxane A(2) formation in vitro. In coagulation tests, CP-8-O-glc did not alter prothrombin time, and it prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time. However, CP-8-O-glc only inhibited platelet phosphatidylserine exposure, but not exert direct inhibition on intrinsic factors. This study demonstrates the antiplatelet and anticoagulant effects of CP-8-O-glc and suggests that this compound might be of therapeutic benefit for the prevention of platelet-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Seo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Lee YJ, Yoon JJ, Lee SM, Kim JS, Kang DG, Lee HS. Inhibitory effect ofZanthoxylum schinifoliumon vascular smooth muscle proliferation. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:354-61. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2011.608070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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42
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Krohn K, Cludius-Brandt S, Schulz B, Sreelekha M, Shafi PM. Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activity of a New Alkaloid from Zanthoxylum rhetsa. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several biologically active alkaloids (1-4, 6), including a new quinazoline-6-carboxylic acid (1), were isolated from the medicinal plant Zanthoxylum rhetsa, an evergreen tree, native to subtropical areas. Whereas the pharmacological properties of the plant extract and single constituents have been widely tested, we now show that all of the metabolites have antialgal activities, all but 6 are antibacterial, and 6 and the reduction product 5 (derived from 4) are also antifungal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krohn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stephan Cludius-Brandt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Paderborn, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Barbara Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Braunschweig, Spielmannstr. 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Seo EJ, Lee DU, Kwak JH, Lee SM, Kim YS, Jung YS. Antiplatelet effects of Cyperus rotundus and its component (+)-nootkatone. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 135:48-54. [PMID: 21354294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cyperus rotundus, a well-known oriental traditional medicine, has been reported to exhibit wide spectrum activity in biological systems including the circulatory system, however, little information is available on its antiplatelet activity. This study was undertaken to investigate the antiplatelet effects of Cyperus rotundus EtOH extract (CRE) and its constituent compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiplatelet activities of CRE and its eight constituent compounds were evaluated by examining their effects on rat platelet aggregations in vitro and ex vivo, and on mice tail bleeding times. RESULTS During the in vitro platelet aggregation study, CRE showed significant and concentration-dependent inhibitory effects on collagen-, thrombin-, and/or AA-induced platelet aggregation. Of its eight components, (+)-nootkatone was found to have the most potent inhibitory effect on collagen-, thrombin-, and AA-induced platelet aggregation. In addition, CRE- and (+)-nootkatone-treated mice exhibited significantly prolonged bleeding times. Furthermore, (+)-nootkatone had a significant inhibitory effect on rat platelet aggregation ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the antiplatelet effects of CRE and its active component (+)-nootkatone, and suggests that these agents might be of therapeutic benefit for the prevention of platelet-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Seo
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
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De Robertis M, Massi E, Poeta ML, Carotti S, Morini S, Cecchetelli L, Signori E, Fazio VM. The AOM/DSS murine model for the study of colon carcinogenesis: From pathways to diagnosis and therapy studies. J Carcinog 2011; 10:9. [PMID: 21483655 PMCID: PMC3072657 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.78279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem in industrialized countries. Although inflammation-linked carcinogenesis is a well accepted concept and is often observed within the gastrointestinal tract, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Inflammation can indeed provide initiating and promoting stimuli and mediators, generating a tumour-prone microenvironment. Many murine models of sporadic and inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis have been developed in the last decade, including chemically induced CRC models, genetically engineered mouse models, and xenoplants. Among the chemically induced CRC models, the combination of a single hit of azoxymethane (AOM) with 1 week exposure to the inflammatory agent dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in rodents has proven to dramatically shorten the latency time for induction of CRC and to rapidly recapitulate the aberrant crypt foci–adenoma–carcinoma sequence that occurs in human CRC. Because of its high reproducibility and potency, as well as the simple and affordable mode of application, the AOM/DSS has become an outstanding model for studying colon carcinogenesis and a powerful platform for chemopreventive intervention studies. In this article we highlight the histopathological and molecular features and describe the principal genetic and epigenetic alterations and inflammatory pathways involved in carcinogenesis in AOM/DSS–treated mice; we also present a general overview of recent experimental applications and preclinical testing of novel therapeutics in the AOM/DSS model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela De Robertis
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, CIR, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo 21 - 00128 Rome, Italy
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Fang Z, Jun DY, Kim YH, Min BS, Kim AK, Woo MH. Cytotoxic Constituents from the Leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2010.31.04.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lima LM, Perazzo FF, Tavares Carvalho JC, Bastos JK. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the ethanolic extracts from Zanthoxylum riedelianum (Rutaceae) leaves and stem bark. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:1151-8. [PMID: 17725859 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.8.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of the leaves (LCE) and stem bark (BCE) crude extracts of Zanthoxylum riedelianum (Rutaceae). Different fractions of the stem bark extract (hexane, BCEH; dichloromethane, BCED; ethyl acetate, BCEE; and lyophilized aqueous residual, BCEW) were also investigated. We studied the effects of the extracts and fractions using the rat paw oedema test induced by carrageenan, dextran, histamine or nystatin; the mouse abdominal constriction test; the mouse hot-plate test (only for LCE and BCE); and the mouse formalin test. Both extracts and all BCE fractions displayed anti-inflammatory activity in the carrageenan-induced oedema model, but not for dextran, histamine or nystatin. Considering the analgesic models, both extracts showed antinociceptive activity, but BCE was more active than LCE in models of central pain. All BCE fractions showed significant inhibition in the abdominal constriction test and in both phases of the formalin test. When BCED was submitted to phytochemical procedures it led to the isolation of six lignans (sesamin, methylpluviatolide, dimethylmatairesinol, piperitol-4′-O-γ,γ-dimethylallyl ether, kaerophyllin and hinokinin), and a triterpene (lupeol). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and its metabolites may have been involved in the mechanism of action of this plant, considering previous studies reporting the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity for the identified lignans, as well as anti-inflammatory activity for lupeol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mandalho Lima
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia de Produtos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Brazil
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Cao LH, Lee YJ, Kang DG, Kim JS, Lee HS. Effect of Zanthoxylum schinifolium on TNF-alpha-induced vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 50:200-7. [PMID: 19563733 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce the injury of endothelial cells in response to increases of adhesion molecules, leading to vascular inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we evaluated an ethanol extract of Zanthoxylum schinifolium (EZS) to determine if it inhibits the expressions of cellular adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). When pretreatment of HUVEC with EZS, EZS suppressed the expression levels of cell adhesion molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-), and E-selectin induced by TNF-alpha. The adhesion of HL-60 cells to TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cells was decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 and IL-8 mRNA expression levels were also attenuated by pretreatment with EZS. In addition, EZS suppressed TNF-alpha-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). EZS inhibited NF-kappaB activation and IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation induced by TNF-alpha, subsequent degradation of IkappaB-alpha. Finally, EZS inhibited TNF-alpha-induced p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that EZS suppresses vascular inflammatory process, which may be closely related to the inhibition of ROS, JNK, p38 MAPK and NF-kappaB activation in HUVEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua Cao
- Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Republic of Korea
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Kant R, Sarmal L, Kohli S, Kamni, Parveen M. 3-Anilinothio-carbonyl-4-hydroxy-chromen-2-one. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:o938. [PMID: 21582638 PMCID: PMC2969103 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809011246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The geometrical parameters of the title compound, C16H11NO3S, are in the usual ranges. The two aromatic residues are not coplanar and are twisted by a dihedral angle of 66.63 (6)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯S interactions.
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Xu GH, Kim JA, Kim SY, Ryu JC, Kim YS, Jung SH, Kim MK, Lee SH. Terpenoids and coumarins isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:839-42. [PMID: 18520091 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four new triterpenes, 21alpha-methylmelianodiol (1), 21beta-methylmelianodiol (2), hispidol A 25-methyl ether (3) and hispidol B 25-methyl ether (4), and a new coumarin, isoschininallylol (5), were isolated from the fruits of Poncirus trifoliata RAFINESQUE, along with seventeen known compounds. The structures of the new compounds (1 - 5) were elucidated by interpretation of their spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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De Kimpe N, Maes D, Van Syngel K. Synthesis of Artekeiskeanin A: A New Coumarin Monoterpene Ether from Artemisia keiskeana. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-s(w)1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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