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Santos JS, Galvão JG, Mendonça MRC, Costa AMB, Silva ARST, Oliveira DS, Santos ADJ, Lira AAM, Scher R, Sales Júnior PA, Pereira VRA, Formiga FR, Nunes RS. Encapsulation of Citrus sinensis essential oil and R-limonene in lipid nanocarriers: A potential strategy for the treatment of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124464. [PMID: 39033939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniases, a group of neglected tropical diseases caused by an intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania, have significant impacts on global health. Current treatment options are limited due to drug resistance, toxicity, and high cost. This study aimed to develop nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for delivering Citrus sinensis essential oil (CSEO) and its main constituent, R-limonene, against leishmaniasis. The influence of surface-modified NLCs using chitosan was also examined. The NLCs were prepared using a warm microemulsion method, and surface modification with chitosan was achieved through electrostatic interaction. These nanocarriers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed in L929 and RAW 264.7 cells, and leishmanicidal activity was evaluated against promastigote and amastigote forms. The NLCs were spherical, with particle sizes ranging from 97.9 nm to 111.3 nm. Chitosan-coated NLCs had a positive surface charge, with zeta potential values ranging from 45.8 mV to 59.0 mV. Exposure of L929 cells to NLCs resulted in over 70 % cell viability. Conversely, surface modification significantly reduced the viability of promastigotes (93 %) compared to free compounds. Moreover, chitosan-coated NLCs presented a better IC50 against the amastigote forms than uncoated NLCs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of using NLCs to overcome the limitations of current leishmaniasis treatments, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson S Santos
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil.
| | - Juliana G Galvão
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Marcos R C Mendonça
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Amanda M B Costa
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Audrey R S T Silva
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Oliveira
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Adriana de J Santos
- Process Engineering Program, University of Tiradentes (UNIT), Aracaju, SE 49032-490, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia M Lira
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Scher
- Departament of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóovão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Rocha Formiga
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Pernambuco (UPE), 52171-011 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rogéria S Nunes
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Sergipe, Brazil
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Jooste J, Legoabe LJ, Ilbeigi K, Caljon G, Beteck RM. Hydrazinated geraniol derivatives as potential broad-spectrum antiprotozoal agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400430. [PMID: 38982314 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Geraniol, a primary component of several essential oils, has been associated with broad-spectrum antiprotozoal activities, although moderate to weak. This study primarily concentrated on the synthesis of hydrazinated geraniol derivatives as potential antiprotozoal agents. The synthesised compounds were tested in vitro against different parasitic protozoans of clinical relevance, including Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Compounds 6, 8, 13, 14 and 15 demonstrated low micromolar activity against the different parasites. Compounds 8, 13, 14 and 15 had the highest efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, as indicated by their respective IC50 values of 0.74, 0.56, 1.26 and 1.00 µM. Compounds 6, 14 and 15 displayed the best activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, with IC50 values of 1.49, 1.48 and 1.85 µM, respectively. The activity of compounds 6, 14 and 15 also extended to intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi, with IC50 values of 5.14, 6.30 and 4.90 µM, respectively. Compound 6, with an IC50 value of 11.73 µM, and compound 14, with an IC50 value of 8.14 µM, demonstrated some modest antileishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelien Jooste
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kayhan Ilbeigi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Effects of Essential Oils Extracted from Two New Ocimum basilicum L. Varieties. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14121048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent agricultural research aims to identify novel applications for plant extracts as efficient defenses against weeds, insects, or phytopathogenic agents. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate two new varieties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L., fam. Lamiaceae), Yellow basil, “Aromat de Buzau” variety and Red-violet basil, “Serafim” variety. The basil varieties were studied under different aspects regarding biochemical characterization using GC-MS, antioxidant activity evaluated under three methods (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP), and antimicrobial properties (for three G-bacteria: Perctobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas syringae and three phytopathogenic fungi: Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Botrytis cinerea). The results showed that linalool (39.28%; 55.51%), estragole (31.48%; 9.78%), and eugenol (5.42%; 7.63%) are the main compounds identified in the extracts, validating the high antioxidant activity of the studied essential oils and floral waters. When applied in high concentrations, essential oils have shown a potential bactericidal effect on P. carotovorum as well as a potential fungicidal effect on R. solani and B. cinerea.
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Medicinal plants as potential therapeutic agents for trypanosomosis: a systematic review. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-022-00662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Bunse M, Daniels R, Gründemann C, Heilmann J, Kammerer DR, Keusgen M, Lindequist U, Melzig MF, Morlock GE, Schulz H, Schweiggert R, Simon M, Stintzing FC, Wink M. Essential Oils as Multicomponent Mixtures and Their Potential for Human Health and Well-Being. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956541. [PMID: 36091825 PMCID: PMC9449585 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and their individual volatile organic constituents have been an inherent part of our civilization for thousands of years. They are widely used as fragrances in perfumes and cosmetics and contribute to a healthy diet, but also act as active ingredients of pharmaceutical products. Their antibacterial, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties have qualified EOs early on for both, the causal and symptomatic therapy of a number of diseases, but also for prevention. Obtained from natural, mostly plant materials, EOs constitute a typical example of a multicomponent mixture (more than one constituent substances, MOCS) with up to several hundreds of individual compounds, which in a sophisticated composition make up the property of a particular complete EO. The integrative use of EOs as MOCS will play a major role in human and veterinary medicine now and in the future and is already widely used in some cases, e.g., in aromatherapy for the treatment of psychosomatic complaints, for inhalation in the treatment of respiratory diseases, or topically administered to manage adverse skin diseases. The diversity of molecules with different functionalities exhibits a broad range of multiple physical and chemical properties, which are the base of their multi-target activity as opposed to single isolated compounds. Whether and how such a broad-spectrum effect is reflected in natural mixtures and which kind of pharmacological potential they provide will be considered in the context of ONE Health in more detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Bunse
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar R. Kammerer
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Michael Keusgen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Gertrud E. Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science and TransMIT Center for Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hartwig Schulz
- Consulting & Project Management for Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweiggert
- Institute of Beverage Research, Chair of Analysis and Technology of Plant-Based Foods, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Meinhard Simon
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Florian C. Stintzing
- Department of Analytical Development and Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Bad Boll, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Alonso L, Rocha OB, de Carvalho Junior MAB, Soares CMDA, Pereira M, Alonso A. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis plasma membrane characterization by EPR spectroscopy and interactions with amphotericin B, miltefosine and nerolidol. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35787240 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2093274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of spin labels was used to characterize the interactions of amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (MIL) and nerolidol (NER) with the plasma membrane of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Spin-labeled analogs of stearic acid and steroid androstane distributed into the plasma membrane of the fungus treated with AmB, showed strong interactions with putative AmB/sterol complexes. The observed increase in the EPR parameter 2A// caused by AmB can be interpreted as a remarkable reduction in the spin label mobility and/or an increase in the local polarity. The 2A// parameter reduced gradually as the concentration of MIL and NER increased. The membrane-water partition coefficient (KM/W) of the three compounds under study was estimated based on the minimum concentration of the compounds that causes a change in EPR spectrum. The KM/W values indicated that the affinity of the compounds for the P. brasiliensis membrane follows the order: AmB > MIL > NER. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were lower than the respective minimum concentrations of the compounds to cause a change in the EPR spectrum, being ∼3.5-fold lower for AmB, 3.9-fold for MIL and ∼1.4-fold for NER. Taken together, the EPR spectroscopy results suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of the three compounds studied are associated with alterations in cell membranes. One of the most likely consequences of these changes would be electrolyte leakage.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Olivia Basso Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maristela Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Lethal concentrations of Cymbopogon nardus essential oils and their main component citronellal on Varroa destructor and Apis mellifera. Exp Parasitol 2022; 238:108279. [PMID: 35594933 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Varroosis is a disease caused by the mite Varroa destructor, and it is considered one of the biggest threats to honey bee populations globally. Mite control is centered on the use of synthetic acaricides, such as amitraz and flumethrine. However, high usage of these chemicals is associated with a wide variety of undesirable effects on bee colonies, including the development of resistance and persistence of harmful residues of acaricides in hive products used by humans. Botanical extracts have been identified as a potentially suitable organic alternative to synthetic acaricides. Essential oils, such as clove, eucalyptus, lemongrass, and oregano, have been found to exhibit acaricidal activity against V. destructor. The main goal of this work was to assess the bioactivity of the Cymbopogon nardus essential oil from two different locations (Argentina and India), and the activity of its major component the monoterpene citronellal. According to our results, complete essential oil from India is more effective in controlling parasitosis than the isolated citronellal component. The essential oil of C. nardus from Argentina demonstrated promise for the control of varroosis, as well as exhibiting low toxicity against bees (LC50 = 11.84 μL/mL). In addition, this essential oil may avoid the problems caused by synthetic acaricides, such as the emergence of resistance foci in Varroa and residues in hive products. Future research needs to investigate the delivery of volatile essentials oils to target mite populations.
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Alonso L, Pimenta LKL, Kipnis A, Alonso A. Mycobacterium abscessus cell wall and plasma membrane characterization by EPR spectroscopy and effects of amphotericin B, miltefosine and nerolidol. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183872. [PMID: 35085568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Spin label electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the components of the Mycobacterium abscessus massiliense cell envelope and their interactions with amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (MIL), and nerolidol (NER). Spin labels analogous to stearic acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were distributed on an envelope layer with fluidity comparable to other biological membranes, probably the mycobacterial cell wall, because after treatment with AmB a highly rigid spectral component was evident in the EPR spectra. Methyl stearate analogue spin labels found a much more fluid membrane and did not detect the presence of AmB, except for at very high drug concentrations. Unlike other spin-labeled PCs, the TEMPO-PC spin probe, with the nitroxide moiety attached to the choline of the PC headgroup, also did not detect the presence of AmB. On the other hand, the steroid spin labels were not distributed across the membranes of M. abscessus and, instead, were concentrated in some other location of the cell envelope. Both MIL and NER compounds at 10 μM caused increased fluidity in the cell wall and plasma membrane. Furthermore, NER was shown to have a remarkable ability to extract lipids from the mycobacterial cell wall. The EPR results suggest that the resistance of mycobacteria to the action of AmB must be related to the fact that this drug does not reach the bacterial plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lais Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - Laryssa Ketelyn Lima Pimenta
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - André Kipnis
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Publica, Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Antonio Alonso
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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Ahmad RM, Greish YE, El-Maghraby HF, Lubbad L, Makableh Y, Hammad FT. Preparation and Characterization of Blank and Nerolidol-Loaded Chitosan–Alginate Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071183. [PMID: 35407300 PMCID: PMC9000846 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in using natural products as treatment alternatives in several diseases. Nerolidol is a natural product which has been shown to have protective effects in several conditions. The low water solubility of nerolidol and many other natural products limits their delivery to the body. In this research, a drug delivery system composed of alginate and chitosan was fabricated and loaded with nerolidol to enhance its water solubility. The chitosan–alginate nanoparticles were fabricated using a new method including the tween 80 pre-gelation, followed by poly-ionic crosslinking between chitosan negative and alginate positive groups. Several characterization techniques were used to validate the fabricated nanoparticles. The molecular interactions between the chitosan, alginate, and nerolidol molecules were confirmed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ultraviolet spectroscopy showed an absorbance peak of the blank nanoparticles at 200 nm and for the pure nerolidol at 280 nm. Using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape with an average size of 12 nm and 35 nm for the blank chitosan–alginate nanoparticles and the nerolidol-loaded chitosan–alginate nanoparticles, respectively. The nanoparticles were also shown to have a loading capacity of 51.7% and an encapsulation efficiency of 87%. A controlled release profile of the loaded drug for up to 28 h using an in vitro model was also observed, which is more efficient than the free form of nerolidol. In conclusion, chitosan–alginate nanoparticles and nerolidol loaded chitosan–alginate nanoparticles were successfully fabricated and characterized to show potential encapsulation and delivery using an in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahaf M. Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates or (R.M.A.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Yaser E. Greish
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (Y.E.G.); (H.F.E.-M.)
- Department of Ceramics, National Research Centre, NRC, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Hesham F. El-Maghraby
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (Y.E.G.); (H.F.E.-M.)
- Department of Ceramics, National Research Centre, NRC, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Loay Lubbad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates or (R.M.A.); (L.L.)
| | - Yahia Makableh
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Fayez T. Hammad
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates or (R.M.A.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +971-50-4880021 or +971-3-7137-590
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Aremu AO, Moyo M. Health benefits and biological activities of spiny monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.): An African indigenous fruit tree. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 283:114704. [PMID: 34601082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Spiny monkey orange (Strychnos spinosa Lam.) is an African endemic fruit tree that is widely consumed by humans and animals for its nutritional value. In folk medicine, different parts of S. spinosa are widely used for the management of the health and well-being of humans and livestock. AIM We provide a critical appraisal on the ethnobotanical uses, nutritional and pytochemical as well as the biological activities of S. spinosa. METHODS Articles were mined from online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO and SpringerLink. We captured research outputs that aligned with the scope of the review. RESULTS Strychnos spinosa remains a commonly consumed fruit due to its high nutritional (e.g. carbohydrates, crude protein and fats) content and energy. In folk medicine, different parts of S. spinosa are prescribed as remedy for diverse medical conditions especially for treating malaria, diabetes, snakebites, skin-related conditions and sexually transmitted infections in humans as well as sleeping sickness in livestock. Together with essential oils, more than 25 compounds have been profiled using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and approximately 45 compounds have been isolated and structurally elucidated using diverse spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, Infrared (IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Strychnos spinosa exerts varying degrees of biological activities against different microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and parasites (plasmodia, trypanosomes and ticks) responsible for many diseases in humans and livestock. Furthermore, low to moderate enzyme-inhibitory effects of S. spinosa extracts suggest its ability to mitigate pains, inflammations and diabetics as well as snakebite venom. Increasing evidence from the in vivo studies support the use of the plant as a popular remedy for managing diabetics in folk medicine. The low cytotoxic effect of the plant extracts against different cell lines could be an indication of its relative safety. CONCLUSION Strychnos spinosa exhibits various health-promoting benefits due to its diverse nutritional and phytochemical constituents. Given that the majority of the existing evidence on these aforementioned therapeutic properties and safety are in vitro-based, the clinical significance of these results remain limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu
- Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2790, North West Province, South Africa; School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
| | - Mack Moyo
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Ibrahim H, Uttu AJ, Sallau MS, Iyun ORA. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis of ethyl acetate root bark extract of Strychnos innocua (Delile). BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Majority of phytochemicals have been known to bear valuable therapeutic activities such as insecticidal, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonstipative, spasmolytic, antiplasmodial and antioxidant activities. Strychnos innocua is straight-stemmed tree belonging to the family Loganiaceae and can grow up to 18 m tall. The plant is used for various pharmacological purposes. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the ethyl acetate extract of root bark of S. innocua using GC–MS analysis. The root bark was collected, air-dried and then crushed to powder. Standard extraction method (maceration) was used to obtain the ethyl acetate extract. The GC–MS was carried out on the extract using GC 7890B, MSD 5977A, Agilent Tech.
Results
Thirty-seven compounds were identified among which dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate showed the highest peak area (31.03%) and monomethyl pimelate showed the lowest peak area (0.39%). The major compounds identified were cyclooctane (methoxymethoxy), 2,4-dimethylheptanedioic acid dimethyl ester, azelaic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester, dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, butyl 8-methylnonyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate, 9,15-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, cis-vaccenic acid, linoleic acid ethyl ester and ethyl oleate.
Conclusions
In conclusion, these phytoconstituents might be responsible for the medicinal efficacy of the root bark of S. innocua and can be used as a source therapeutic drug.
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Antonelli F, Bartolini M, Plissonnier ML, Esposito A, Galotta G, Ricci S, Davidde Petriaggi B, Pedone C, Di Giovanni A, Piazza S, Guerrieri F, Romagnoli M. Essential Oils as Alternative Biocides for the Preservation of Waterlogged Archaeological Wood. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8122015. [PMID: 33339447 PMCID: PMC7765822 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterlogged archaeological wood is exposed to a high risk of biological degradation during the post-excavation phases of storage and restoration. For this reason, often biocides must be used to preserve wooden remains. In the present work three essential oils (cinnamon, wild thyme, and common thyme) were tested as possible alternative biocides to use in the preservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. The oils were first tested in vitro to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and to evaluate the biocidal activity on selected fungal strains. Then, the established MIC was applied on waterlogged archaeological wood samples and during an actual restoration treatment. The effectiveness of the oils was evaluated through cultural analyses, ATP quantification, and next-generation sequencing. The results showed that the oils caused a significant decrease in the vitality of fungal mycelia grown in vitro and of the microbiota present in treated wood and storage water. Furthermore, an influence on the composition of the bacterial communities of treated wood samples was observed. Although further tests are needed to evaluate interferences with the materials used during restoration procedures, essential oils could be considered as a possible alternative to the currently used biocide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Antonelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forestry Systems (DIBAF), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Marco Bartolini
- Biology Laboratory, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Marie-Laure Plissonnier
- Epigenetics and Epigenomic of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 69424 Lyon CEDEX 03, France;
| | - Alfonso Esposito
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology–CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.E.); (S.P.)
| | - Giulia Galotta
- Biology Laboratory, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Ricci
- Biology Laboratory, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), 00153 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (G.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Barbara Davidde Petriaggi
- Underwater Archaeological Operations Unit, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristian Pedone
- Restoration Laboratory of Organic Excavation Materials, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), 00153 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Antonella Di Giovanni
- Restoration Laboratory of Organic Excavation Materials, Istituto Centrale per il Restauro (ICR), Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), 00153 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (A.D.G.)
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology–CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.E.); (S.P.)
- Computational Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Guerrieri
- Epigenetics and Epigenomic of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), 69424 Lyon CEDEX 03, France;
- Correspondence: (F.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Manuela Romagnoli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forestry Systems (DIBAF), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
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Moreira da Silva I, Alvarenga Soares M, de Souza Tavares W, Dos Santos A, Serrão JE, José Vinha Zanuncio A, Frederico Wilcken C, Cola Zanuncio J, Sigueyuki Sediyama C. Toxicity of Essential Oils to Diaphania hyalinata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and Selectivity to Its Parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:2399-2406. [PMID: 32841345 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diaphania hyalinata (Linnaeus, 1767) is one of the main pests of the cucurbit crops. Biological control and botanicals are used in integrated pest management (IPM), especially in agro-ecological agricultures where the use of synthetic pesticides is restricted. Toxicological effects of plant essential oils on target and nontarget organisms should be evaluated to determine its use in IPM. The toxicity of ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils to D. hyalinata eggs, larvae, and pupae and their selectivity to the parasitoid Trichospilus pupivorus and the LC50, LC99 and the relative selectivity index (RSI) of these botanicals were determined. The eggs of D. hyalinata were more sensitive to the botanicals applied than its larvae and pupae, with higher toxicity of oregano and thyme essential oils, followed by those of peppermint and ginger. Topical application was the least toxic method to D. hyalinata larvae. Ginger, peppermint, and thyme essential oils were more toxic by ingestion and oregano by contact to D. hyalinata larvae. The essential oil concentrations applied to D. hyalinata pupae prevent the emergence of adults of this insect with the oregano essential oil showing the greatest toxicity. Peppermint, ginger, thyme, and oregano essential oils were selective to T. pupivorus with RSI50 of 5.40, 1.38, 8.15, and 6.98 and RSI99 of 1.54, 2.53, 3.90, and 4.16 respectively. The ginger, peppermint, oregano, and thyme essential oils were toxic to immature D. hyalinata and selective to T. pupivorus females presenting potential as an alternative control in the IPM of this pest in Cucurbitaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Moreira da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Marcus Alvarenga Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produção Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Wagner de Souza Tavares
- Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings Ltd., PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper, Pangkalan Kerinci, Riau, Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Alexandre Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Propriedade Intelectual e Transferência de Tecnologia para a Inovação, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Laboratório de Fitossanidade, Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brasil
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Frederico Wilcken
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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de Morais MC, de Souza JV, da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho C, Dolabella SS, de Sousa DP. Trypanocidal Essential Oils: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194568. [PMID: 33036315 PMCID: PMC7583723 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomiases are diseases caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. In humans, this includes Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis. There are few therapeutic options, and there is low efficacy to clinical treatment. Therefore, the search for new drugs for the trypanosomiasis is urgent. This review describes studies of the trypanocidal properties of essential oils, an important group of natural products widely found in several tropical countries. Seventy-seven plants were selected from literature for the trypanocidal activity of their essential oils. The main chemical constituents and mechanisms of action are also discussed. In vitro and in vivo experimental data show the therapeutic potential of these natural products for the treatment of infections caused by species of Trypanosoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Castro de Morais
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
| | - Jucieudo Virgulino de Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
| | - Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
| | - Silvio Santana Dolabella
- Laboratory of Entomology and Tropical Parasitology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil;
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil; (M.C.d.M.); (J.V.d.S.); (C.d.S.M.B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-3216-7347
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15
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Lam NS, Long X, Su XZ, Lu F. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil and its monoterpene constituents in treating protozoan and helminthic infections. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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16
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Abu-Darwish MS, Cabral C, Ali Z, Wang M, Khan SI, Jacob MR, Jain SK, Tekwani BL, Zulfiqar F, Khan IA, Taifour H, Salgueiro L, Efferth T. Salvia ceratophylla L. from South of Jordan: new insights on chemical composition and biological activities. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:307-316. [PMID: 32852722 PMCID: PMC7520468 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In Jordan, Salvia ceratophylla L. is traditionally used in the treatment of cancer, microbial infections, and urinary disorders. This study aimed: (1) to chemically characterize S. ceratophylla essential oil (EO) from South Jordan, by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); and (2) to evaluate in vitro the cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and antiprotozoal activities of the EO, it's predominant components, and the hexane (A), ethyl acetate (B), methanol (C) and crude-methanol extracts (D). The analysis revealed that the EO has 71 compounds, with linalool (54.8%) as main constituent. Only the hexane extract (A) showed some cytotoxic activity against SK-MEL, KB, BT-549, SK-OV-3, LLC-PK1 and VERO cells lines with IC50 between 60 and > 100 µg/mL. The EO inhibited NO production (IC50 90 µg/mL) and NF-κB activity (IC50 38 µg/mL). The extracts A, B, and D inhibited NO production and NF- κB activity with IC50 between 32 and 150 µg/mL. Linalool considerably inhibited NO production (IC50 18 µg/mL). The extracts tested did not exhibit antileishmanial activity. Regarding antitrypanosomal activity, the EO exhibited significant results with IC50 2.65 µg/mL. In conclusion, Jordan S. ceratophylla EO represents a rich source of linalool and bears a promising therapeutic potential for further antitrypanosomal drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sanad Abu-Darwish
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, 19117, Jordan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Zulfigar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Melissa R Jacob
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Surendra K Jain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Fazila Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Hatem Taifour
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, 219 Crew Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CIEPQPF/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biocmedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Marchese E, D’onofrio N, Balestrieri ML, Castaldo D, Ferrari G, Donsì F. Bergamot essential oil nanoemulsions: antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 75:279-290. [DOI: 10.1515/znc-2019-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bergamot essential oil (BEO) is well-known for its food preservation activity, as well as anticancer efficacy. However, the poor BEO water solubility and deriving low bioaccessibility have limited its wider applications. The incorporation in nanoemulsions of BEO and its refined fractions was investigated to enhance its dispersibility in water to promote its antimicrobial activity, tested against Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its cytotoxicity already at low concentrations. Different nanoemulsion formulations were tested based on food-grade ingredients, which were characterized in terms of hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index, and physical stability. The antimicrobial activity against all the tested micro-organisms was observed to be higher for BEO in its initial composition, than the light fraction, richer in d-limonene, ß-pinene, and γ-terpinene, or the heavy fraction, richer in linalyl acetate and linalool. Remarkably, the use of BEO nanoemulsions notably enhanced the antimicrobial activity for all the tested oils. BEO exhibited also a measurable cytotoxic activity against Caco-2 cells, which was also enhanced by the use of the different nanoemulsions tested, in comparison with free oil, which discourages the direct use of BEO nanoemulsions as a food preservative. Conversely, BEO nanoemulsions might find use in therapeutic applications as anticarcinogenic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marchese
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Salerno , via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 , Fisciano , Italy
| | - Nunzia D’onofrio
- Department of Precision Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” , Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 , Napoli , Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Precision Medicine , Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli” , Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138 , Napoli , Italy
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- ProdAl Scarl , via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 , Fisciano , Italy
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale della CCIAA di Reggio Calabria , Via Generale Tommasini 2, 89127 , Reggio Calabria , Italy
- Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico (MiSE) , Via Molise 2 , Roma , Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrari
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Salerno , via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 , Fisciano , Italy
- ProdAl Scarl , via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 , Fisciano , Italy
| | - Francesco Donsì
- Department of Industrial Engineering , University of Salerno , via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 , Fisciano , Italy
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Alonso L, Fernandes KS, Mendanha SA, Gonçalves PJ, Gomes RS, Dorta ML, Alonso A. In vitro antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of nerolidol are associated with changes in plasma membrane dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2019; 1861:1049-1056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Evaluation of the Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Vietnamese Essential Oils, with Emphasis on Curcuma longa L. and Its Components. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061158. [PMID: 30909559 PMCID: PMC6471621 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), known as sleeping sickness and caused by Trypanosoma brucei, is threatening low-income populations in sub-Saharan African countries with 61 million people at risk of infection. In order to discover new natural products against HAT, thirty-seven Vietnamese essential oils (EOs) were screened for their activity in vitro on Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Tbb) and cytotoxicity on mammalian cells (WI38, J774). Based on the selectivity indices (SIs), the more active and selective EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography. The anti-trypanosomal activity and cytotoxicity of some major compounds (isolated or commercial) were also determined. Our results showed for the first time the selective anti-trypanosomal effect of four EOs, extracted from three Zingiberaceae species (Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber officinale) and one Lauraceae species (Litsea cubeba) with IC50 values of 3.17 ± 0.72, 2.51 ± 1.08, 3.10 ± 0.08, and 2.67 ± 1.12 nL/mL respectively and SI > 10. Identified compounds accounted for more than 85% for each of them. Among the five major components of Curcuma longa EO, curlone is the most promising anti-trypanosomal candidate with an IC50 of 1.38 ± 0.45 µg/mL and SIs of 31.7 and 18.2 compared to WI38 and J774 respectively.
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Active Essential Oils and Their Components in Use against Neglected Diseases and Arboviruses. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6587150. [PMID: 30881596 PMCID: PMC6387720 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6587150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term neglected diseases refers to a group of infections caused by various classes of pathogens, including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and helminths, most often affecting impoverished populations without adequate sanitation living in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals. The fact that these diseases were historically not considered priorities for pharmaceutical companies made the available treatments options obsolete, precarious, outdated, and in some cases nonexistent. The use of plants for medicinal, religious, and cosmetic purposes has a history dating back to the emergence of humanity. One of the principal fractions of chemical substances found in plants are essential oils (EOs). EOs consist of a mixture of volatile and hydrophobic secondary metabolites with marked odors, composed primarily of terpenes and phenylpropanoids. They have great commercial value and were widely used in traditional medicine, by phytotherapy practitioners, and in public health services for the treatment of several conditions, including neglected diseases. In addition to the recognized cytoprotective and antioxidative activities of many of these compounds, larvicidal, insecticidal, and antiparasitic activities have been associated with the induction of oxidative stress in parasites, increasing levels of nitric oxide in the infected host, reducing parasite resistance to reactive oxygen species, and increasing lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to serious damage to cell membranes. The hydrophobicity of these compounds also allows them to cross the membranes of parasites as well as the blood-brain barrier, collaborating in combat at the second stage of several of these infections. Based on these considerations, the aim of this review was to present an update of the potential of EOs, their fractions, and their chemical constituents, against some neglected diseases, including American and African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and arboviruses, specially dengue.
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Characterization of Nanospheres Containing Zanthoxylum riedelianum Fruit Essential Oil and Their Insecticidal and Deterrent Activities against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082052. [PMID: 30115840 PMCID: PMC6222527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to produce and characterize poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanospheres containing essential oils from Zanthoxylum riedelianum fruit and to evaluate their stability gains as well as their insecticidal and deterrent activities against whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). The PCL nanospheres exhibited a homogeneous spherical morphology, with particle diameters between 106.7 nm and 129.2 nm, pH of approximately 6, zeta potential (ZP) lower than −19.0 mV and encapsulation efficiency higher than 98%. Only 43% of the nanoencapsulated essential oil (NSEO) was degraded in response to ultraviolet light, whereas the essential oil (EO) degraded by 76% over the same period. In a free-choice test, the NSEO and EO reduced the number of whitefly eggs by approximately 70%. NSEO and EO at 1.5% killed 82.87% and 91.23% of 2nd-instar nymphs of whitefly, respectively. Although NSEO displayed lower insecticidal activity, it offers a greater advantage over the free EO, due to protection conferred by polymer against photodegradation. Therefore, its usage may optimize the maintenance of essential oils in the field through photoprotection and controlled release. Our results suggest that the EO of Z. riedelianum fruit can be used for B. tabaci management strategy; nevertheless, the benefits of NSEO require further evaluation at the field level.
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Lopes JM, Souza CDF, Schindler B, Pinheiro CG, Salbego J, Siqueira JCD, Heinzmann BM, Baldisserotto B. Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen ). NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigated the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.
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Costa S, Cavadas C, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, do Céu Sousa M. In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to selected essential oils and their major components. Exp Parasitol 2018; 190:34-40. [PMID: 29778466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Aiming for discovering effective and harmless antitrypanosomal agents, 17 essential oils and nine major components were screened for their effects on T. b. brucei. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh plant material and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The trypanocidal activity was assessed using blood stream trypomastigotes cultures of T. b. brucei and the colorimetric resazurin method. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxicity of essential oils on macrophage cells and Selectivity Indexes were calculated. Of the 17 essential oils screened three showed high trypanocidal activity (IC50 < 10 μg/mL): Juniperus oxycedrus (IC50 of 0.9 μg/mL), Cymbopogon citratus (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL) and Lavandula luisieri (IC50 of 5.7 μg/mL). These oils had no cytotoxic effects on macrophage cells showing the highest values of Selectivity Index (63.4, 9.0 and 11.8, respectively). The oils of Distichoselinum tenuifolium, Lavandula viridis, Origanum virens, Seseli tortuosom, Syzygium aromaticum, and Thymbra capitata also exhibited activity (IC50 of 10-25 μg/mL) but showed cytotoxicity on macrophages. Of the nine compounds tested, α-pinene (IC50 of 2.9 μg/mL) and citral (IC50 of 18.9 μg/mL) exhibited the highest anti-trypanosomal activities. Citral is likely the active component of C. citratus and α-pinene is responsible for the antitrypanosomal effects of J. oxycedrus. The present work leads us to propose the J. oxycedrus, C. citratus and L. luisieri oils as valuable sources of new molecules for African Sleeping Sickness treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Costa
- Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria do Céu Sousa
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Essential oils of Varronia curassavica accessions have different activity against white spot disease in freshwater fish. Parasitol Res 2017; 117:97-105. [PMID: 29119307 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of essential oils from Varronia curassavica accessions against different stages of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Essential oils from each accession were tested in vitro at the concentrations 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 200 mg/L. The VCUR-001, VCUR-202, VCUR-509, and VCUR-601 accessions presented the major compounds α-pinene, germacrene D-4-ol, (E)-caryophyllene and epiglobulol, and sabinene, respectively. These isolated compounds were tested in vitro at a concentration proportional to that found in the essential oil which caused 100% mortality of the parasite. The concentrations of 10 and 50 mg/L of the essential oil of accession VCUR-202 provided 100% mortality of trophonts and tomonts, respectively. For the accession VCUR-509, 100% mortality of trophonts and tomonts was observed at concentrations 75 and 200 mg/L of essential oil, respectively. The same mortality was observed at concentration 200 mg/L in both stages of the parasite for the other accessions. The major compounds α-pinene, sabinene, and the (E)-caryophyllene + epiglobulol mixture caused 100% mortality of trophonts and tomonts. The in vivo assay for white spot disease control was performed in a therapeutic bath of 1 h with the essential oil of accession VCUR-202 at concentrations of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L. A significant reduction of about 30% of trophonts on infected fish was observed, independent of the oil concentration. The V. curassavica essential oil, especially the VCUR-202 accession, is a potential source of raw material for the formulation and commercialization of bioproducts to control freshwater white spot disease in fish.
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Silva MP, de Oliveira RN, Mengarda AC, Roquini DB, Allegretti SM, Salvadori MC, Teixeira FS, de Sousa DP, Pinto PL, da Silva Filho AA, de Moraes J. Antiparasitic activity of nerolidol in a mouse model of schistosomiasis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:467-472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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M CM, C R RY, J SO, H R L, M JE, R RL, D A D, C F, L B H, M A RM. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BURSERA MORELENSIS RAMÍREZ ESSENTIAL OIL. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2017; 14:74-82. [PMID: 28480418 PMCID: PMC5412240 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Bursera morelensis, known as “Aceitillo”, is an endemic tree of Mexico. Infusions made from the bark of this species have been used for the treatment of skin infections and for their wound healing properties. In this work, we present the results of a phytochemical and antimicrobial investigation of the essential oil of B. morelensis. Materials and Methods: The essential oil was obtained by a steam distillation method and analyzed using GC-MS. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated. Results: GC-MS of the essential oil demonstrated the presence of 28 compounds. The principal compound of the essential oil was a-Phellandrene (32.69%). The essential oil had antibacterial activity against Gram positive and negative strains. The most sensitive strains were S. pneumoniae, V. cholerae (cc) and E. coli (MIC 0.125 mg/mL, MBC 0.25 mg/mL). The essential oil was bactericidal for V. cholera (cc). The essential oil inhibited all the filamentous fungi. F. monilifome (IC50 = 2.27 mg/mL) was the most sensitive fungal strain. Conclusions: This work provides evidence that confirms the antimicrobial activity of the B. morelensis essential oil and this is a scientific support about of traditional uses of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canales-Martinez M
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México
| | - Rivera-Yañez C R
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México
| | - Salas-Oropeza J
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México
| | - Lopez H R
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México
| | - Jimenez-Estrada M
- Instituto de Quémica. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán
| | - Rosas-Lopez R
- Universidad de la Cañada. Carr. Teotitlán San Antonio Nanahuatipan Km 1.7. Teotitlán de Flores Magón, Oaxaca, México
| | - Duran D A
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Unidad de Biología, Tecnologia y Prototipos (UBIPRO), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México
| | - Flores C
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO y Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Hernandez L B
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO y Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Edo. Mex, Tlalnepantla, México
| | - Rodriguez-Monroy M A
- Laboratorio de Inmunobiología, Carrera de Medicina. Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México
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Islam MT, da Mata AMOF, de Aguiar RPS, Paz MFCJ, de Alencar MVOB, Ferreira PMP, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oils Focusing on Diterpenes. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1420-44. [PMID: 27307034 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among all plant derivates, essential oils (EOs) have gained the attention of many scientists. Diterpenes, a family of components present in some EO, are becoming a milestone in the EOs world. The goal of this review is to describe a scenario of diterpenes taking into health-consumption deportment. Previous studies revealed that diterpenes have antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, cytotoxic, anticancer, antigenotoxic, antimutagenic, chemopreventive, antiinflammatory, antinociceptive, immunostimulatory, organoprotective, antidiabetic, lipid-lowering, antiallergic, antiplatelet, antithrombotic, and antitoxin activities. In conclusion, diterpenes may be an immense featuring concern in pharmaceutical consumption from a drug discovery point of view. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Torequl Islam
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, 22-Shahid Mirza Lane (E), Academic Building-II, 1st floor, 739/A, Mehedibag Road, Mehedibag-4000, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Raí Pablo Sousa de Aguiar
- Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Marcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros de Alencar
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil.,Post-graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, 64.049-550, Brazil
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Luciardi MC, Blázquez MA, Cartagena E, Bardón A, Arena ME. Mandarin essential oils inhibit quorum sensing and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chan WK, Tan LTH, Chan KG, Lee LH, Goh BH. Nerolidol: A Sesquiterpene Alcohol with Multi-Faceted Pharmacological and Biological Activities. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050529. [PMID: 27136520 PMCID: PMC6272852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol that is present in various plants with a floral odor. It is synthesized as an intermediate in the production of (3E)-4,8-dimethy-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT), a herbivore-induced volatile that protects plants from herbivore damage. Chemically, nerolidol exists in two geometric isomers, a trans and a cis form. The usage of nerolidol is widespread across different industries. It has been widely used in cosmetics (e.g., shampoos and perfumes) and in non-cosmetic products (e.g., detergents and cleansers). In fact, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also permitted the use of nerolidol as a food flavoring agent. The fact that nerolidol is a common ingredient in many products has attracted researchers to explore more medicinal properties of nerolidol that may exert beneficial effect on human health. Therefore, the aim of this review is to compile and consolidate the data on the various pharmacological and biological activities displayed by nerolidol. Furthermore, this review also includes pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies of nerolidol. In summary, the various pharmacological and biological activities demonstrated in this review highlight the prospects of nerolidol as a promising chemical or drug candidate in the field of agriculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Keong Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, 56000 Phayao, Thailand.
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, 56000 Phayao, Thailand.
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Pare D, Hilou A, Ouedraogo N, Guenne S. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used as Anti-Obesity Remedies in the Nomad and Hunter Communities of Burkina Faso. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 3:E9. [PMID: 28930119 PMCID: PMC5456226 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a global epidemic that affects both developed and developing countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, over 1.9 billion adults were overweight. Burkina Faso, like other countries, faces the problem of obesity, with a prevalence of 7.3%. The main cause is excessive intake of caloric foods combined with low physical activity, although genetic, endocrine and environmental influences (pollution) can sometimes be predisposing factors. This metabolic imbalance often leads to multiple pathologies (heart failure, Type II diabetes, cancers, etc.). Drugs have been developed for the treatment of these diseases; but in addition to having many side effects, locally these products are not economically accessible to the majority of the population. Burkina Faso, like the other countries bordering the Sahara, has often been confronted in the past with periods of famine during which populations have generally used anorectic plants to regulate their food needs. This traditional ethnobotanical knowledge has not been previously investigated. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Burkina Faso in the provinces of Seno (North) and Nayala (Northwest) to list the plants used by local people as an anorectic and/or fort weight loss. METHODS The survey, conducted in the two provinces concerned traditional healers, herbalists, hunters, nomads and resourceful people with knowledge of plants. It was conducted over a period of two months and data were collected following a structured interview with the respondents. The approach was based on dialogue in the language of choice of the respondent and the use of a questionnaire. The data have been structured and then statistically analyzed. RESULTS The fifty-five (55) respondents of the survey were aged between 40 and 80 years. Sixty-one (61) plant species, belonging to thirty-one (31) families were listed as appetite suppressants and/or for their anti-obesity properties. The main families of plants are Mimosaceae, Rubiaceae, Asclepiadaceae and Cesalpiniaceae. Fruits are the most used part of the plant organs. Consumption in the raw state or as a decoction are the two main forms of preparation. CONCLUSION The great diversity of plants cited by informants demonstrates the existence of rich local knowledge to address obesity in Burkina Faso. Evaluation of the biochemical activity of the extracts of the most cited species could allow the development of a phytomedicine economically accessible to the majority of the population. This could allow for the preservation of biodiversity in this region which is weakened by climate change because some of the species cited are in fragile state or are threatened with extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dramane Pare
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), UFR/SVT, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Adama Hilou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), UFR/SVT, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Noufou Ouedraogo
- Research Institute for Health Sciences (IRSS) 03 BP 7192 Ouagadougou 03, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Samson Guenne
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Chemistry (LABIOCA), UFR/SVT, 09 BP 848 Ouagadougou 09, University of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
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Deletre E, Chandre F, Barkman B, Menut C, Martin T. Naturally occurring bioactive compounds from four repellent essential oils against Bemisia tabaci whiteflies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:179-189. [PMID: 25641934 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In tropical countries, netting is an effective sustainable tool for protecting horticultural crops against Lepidoptera, although not against small pests such as Bemisia tabaci, while smaller mesh netting can be used in temperate regions. A solution is to combine a net with a repellent. Previously we identified repellent essential oils: lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and citronella (Cymbopogon winternarius). The present study was designed to identify the active compounds of these essential oils, characterise their biological activity and examine their potential for coating nets. We investigated the efficiency and toxicity of nets dipped in different solutions. We then studied the repellent effect with an olfactometer and the irritant effect by videotracking. RESULTS Geraniol and citronellol were the most promising net coatings owing to their repellent effect. The repellency, irritancy or toxicity varied with the product and concentration, and these features were independent, indicating that the repellent and the irritant/toxic mechanisms were not the same. The combined effects of these different compounds account for the bioactivity of the mixture, suggesting interactions between the compounds. CONCLUSION This new sustainable strategy for protecting vegetable crops against whiteflies is discussed, in addition to the use of companion plants that could produce such bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Deletre
- UR Hortsys, Cirad, Campus de Baillarguet, Montferrier, France
| | | | - Barbara Barkman
- UR Hortsys, Cirad, Campus de Baillarguet, Montferrier, France
| | - Chantal Menut
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaud Martin
- UR Hortsys, Cirad, Campus de Baillarguet, Montferrier, France
- Plant Health Department, ICIPE, Nairobi, Kenya
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Sumitha KV, Thoppil JE. Genotoxicity assessment of two common curing weeds: Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poir. and Leucas indica (L.) R. Br. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1513-27. [PMID: 26286182 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyptis suaveolens and Leucas indica, two common weeds were selected for the present study, to reveal their probable cytotoxic potential. The meristematic root tips of Allium cepa were used for testing the cytotoxic property of the aqueous leaf extracts containing both polar and non-polar compounds, and that containing polar compounds alone, at different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 %) and at different time durations, using distilled water as negative control. Mitotic squash preparations were made using a standard protocol. The mitotic index of the treated root tip cells was found to be decreasing and the abnormality percentage was found to be increasing with increase in extract concentration when compared with the control. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed in the extract containing both polar and non-polar compounds. Both the tested plants were found to be cytotoxic. The abnormalities noticed were of both clastogenic (nuclear lesions, nuclear fragmentation, etc.) and non-clastogenic (aberrant cell wall formation at cytokinesis, ball metaphase, etc.) types. Both plant extracts were found to significantly (P < 0.05) inhibit root growth of Allium cepa with an EC50 value of 1.92 % (R(2) = 0.594) for Hyptis and 1.58 % (R(2) = 0.757) for Leucas. The results were also analysed statistically by using analysis of variance followed by appropriate post hoc tests. These two weeds are aromatic plants comprising of essential oils that are volatile, natural complex compounds characterized by a strong odour and formed as secondary metabolites. In nature, essential oils play an important role in the protection of the plants as insecticides by reducing their appetite for such plants. When specifically targeted the concept of effectively exploiting these weeds for the formulation of herbal insecticides/pesticides may be possible in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Sumitha
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India.
| | - J E Thoppil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
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Nwodo NJ, Ibezim A, Ntie-Kang F, Adikwu MU, Mbah CJ. Anti-trypanosomal activity of nigerian plants and their constituents. Molecules 2015; 20:7750-71. [PMID: 25927903 PMCID: PMC6272792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20057750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease causing serious risks to the lives of about 60 million people and 48 million cattle globally. Nigerian medicinal plants are known to contain a large variety of chemical structures and some of the plant extracts have been screened for antitrypanosomal activity, in the search for potential new drugs against the illness. We surveyed the literatures on plants and plant-derived products with antitrypanosomal activity from Nigerian flora published from 1990 to 2014. About 90 plants were identified, with 54 compounds as potential active agents and presented by plant families in alphabetical order. This review indicates that the Nigerian flora may be suitable as a starting point in searching for new and more efficient trypanocidal molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngozi Justina Nwodo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Akachukwu Ibezim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
| | - Fidele Ntie-Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea 00237, Cameroon.
| | | | - Chika John Mbah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Nigeria.
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Saito AY, Sussmann RAC, Kimura EA, Cassera MB, Katzin AM. Quantification of nerolidol in mouse plasma using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:100-3. [PMID: 25880240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nerolidol is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of flowers and plants. It is frequently used in cosmetics, as a food flavoring agent, and in cleaning products. In addition, nerolidol is used as a skin penetration enhancer for transdermal delivery of therapeutic drugs. However, nerolidol is hemolytic at low concentrations. A simple and fast GC-MS method was developed for preliminary quantification and assessment of biological interferences of nerolidol in mouse plasma after oral dosing. Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.010-5 μg/mL nerolidol in mouse plasma with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.99. Limits of detection and quantification were 0.0017 and 0.0035 μg/mL, respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the quantification of nerolidol in mouse plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Yukio Saito
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Antonio Ceschini Sussmann
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Emilia Akemi Kimura
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Belen Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, M/C 0308, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Alejandro Miguel Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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Chouhan G, Islamuddin M, Want MY, Abdin MZ, Ozbak HA, Hemeg HA, Sahal D, Afrin F. Apoptosis mediated leishmanicidal activity of Azadirachta indica bioactive fractions is accompanied by Th1 immunostimulatory potential and therapeutic cure in vivo. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:183. [PMID: 25884649 PMCID: PMC4381458 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploration of immunomodulatory antileishmanials of plant origin is now being strongly recommended to overcome the immune suppression evident during visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and high cost and toxicity associated with conventional chemotherapeutics. In accordance, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial and immunomodulatory potential of ethanolic fractions of Azadirachta indica leaves (ALE) and seeds (ASE). METHODS A. indica fractions were prepared by sequential extraction of the powdered plant parts in hexane, ethanol and water. Erythrosin B staining was employed to appraise the anti-promastigote potential of ALE and ASE. Cytostatic or cytocidal mode of action was ascertained and alterations in parasite morphology were depicted under oil immersion light microscopy. Study of apoptotic correlates was performed to deduce the mechanism of induced cell death and anti-amastigote potential was assessed in Leishmania parasitized RAW 264.7 macrophages. In vivo antileishmanial effectiveness was evaluated in L. donovani infected BALB/c mice, accompanied by investigation of immunomodulatory potential of ALE and ASE. Adverse toxicity of the bioactive fractions against RAW macrophages was studied by MTT assay. In vivo side effects on the liver and kidney functions were also determined. Plant secondary metabolites present in ALE and ASE were analysed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS ALE and ASE (500 μg ml(-1)) exhibited leishmanicidal activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner (IC₅₀ 34 and 77.66 μg ml(-1), respectively) with alterations in promastigote morphology and induction of apoptosis. ALE and ASE exerted appreciable anti-amastigote potency (IC₅₀ 17.66 and 24.66 μg ml(-1), respectively) that was coupled with profound in vivo therapeutic efficacy (87.76% and 85.54% protection in liver and 85.55% and 83.62% in spleen, respectively). ALE exhibited minimal toxicity with selectivity index of 26.10 whereas ASE was observed to be non-toxic. The bioactive fractions revealed no hepato- and nephro-toxicity. ALE and ASE potentiated Th1-biased cell-mediated immunity along with upregulation of INF-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and decline in IL-4 and IL-10 levels. GC-MS analysis revealed several compounds that may have contributed to the observed antileishmanial effect. CONCLUSION Dual antileishmanial and immunostimulatory efficacy exhibited by the bioactive fractions merits their use alone or as adjunct therapy for VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Chouhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Department of Biotechnology, Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Muzamil Y Want
- Department of Biotechnology, Parasite Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Malik Z Abdin
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Hani A Ozbak
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 344, Universities Road, Medina, 30001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 344, Universities Road, Medina, 30001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Research Group, International Centre For Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Farhat Afrin
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box: 344, Universities Road, Medina, 30001, Saudi Arabia.
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Silva I, Coimbra MA, Barros AS, Marriott PJ, Rocha SM. Can volatile organic compounds be markers of sea salt? Food Chem 2015; 169:102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Some Strychnos spinosa (Loganiaceae) leaf extracts and fractions have good antimicrobial activities and low cytotoxicities. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:456. [PMID: 25428165 PMCID: PMC4289352 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Strychnos spinosa Lam. is a deciduous tree used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. This study is designed to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of extracts and fractions from leaves of S. spinosa. METHODS Extracts were obtained by maceration with acetone, methanol and dichloromethane/methanol (1/1) while fractions were prepared by liquid-liquid fractionation of the acetone extract. A broth serial microdilution method with tetrazolium violet as growth indicator was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fungi, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antioxidant activity was determined using free-radical-scavenging assays, and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay was used to determine cytotoxicity. RESULTS Four extracts and five fractions had good to weak antimicrobial activity with MICs ranging from 0.04 to >1.25 mg/ml against both fungi and bacteria. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions had an MIC of 0.08 mg/ml against Aspergillus fumigatus. The n-butanol fraction had an MIC of 0.04 mg/ml against Cryptococcus neoformans. The hexane and chloroform fractions had an MIC of 0.08 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activities were much lower than that of the positive controls. Except for the alkaloid extract, all the extracts and fractions had free-radical-scavenging activity (IC50 ranging from 33.66 to 314.30 μg/ml). The cytotoxicity on Vero cells was reasonable to low with LC50 values ranging between 30.56 and 689.39 μg/ml. CONCLUSION The acetone extract and the chloroform fraction had the highest antibacterial activity. By solvent-solvent fractionation it was possible to increase the activity against A. fumigatus and to decrease the cytotoxicity leading to a potentially useful product to protect animals against aspergillosis. Our results therefore support the use of S. spinosa leaves in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases.
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Silva MPN, Oliveira GLS, de Carvalho RBF, de Sousa DP, Freitas RM, Pinto PLS, de Moraes J. Antischistosomal activity of the terpene nerolidol. Molecules 2014; 19:3793-803. [PMID: 24662089 PMCID: PMC6271124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Since the treatment of this disease currently relies on a single drug, praziquantel, new and safe schistosomicidal agents are urgently required. Nerolidol, a sesquiterpene present in the essential oils of several plants, is found in many foods and was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this study we analysed the in vitro antiparasitic effect of nerolidol on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Nerolidol at concentrations of 31.2 and 62.5 μM reduced the worm motor activity and caused the death of all male and female schistosomes, respectively. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed morphological alterations on the tegument of worms such as disintegration, sloughing and erosion of the surface, and a correlation between viability and tegumental damage was observed. In conclusion, nerolidol may be a promising lead compound for the development of antischistosomal natural agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos P N Silva
- Faculdade de Ciências de Guarulhos (FACIG/UNIESP), Av. Guarulhos, 1844, Guarulhos, SP 07025-000, Brazil.
| | - George L S Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Rusbene B F de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Damião P de Sousa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil.
| | - Rivelilson M Freitas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Pedro L S Pinto
- Enteroparasitas, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, SP 01246-902, Brazil.
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Faculdade de Ciências de Guarulhos (FACIG/UNIESP), Av. Guarulhos, 1844, Guarulhos, SP 07025-000, Brazil.
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Kpoviessi S, Bero J, Agbani P, Gbaguidi F, Kpadonou-Kpoviessi B, Sinsin B, Accrombessi G, Frédérich M, Moudachirou M, Quetin-Leclercq J. Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of the essential oils of four Cymbopogon species from Benin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:652-659. [PMID: 24269775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cymbopogon species are largely used in folk medicine for the treatment of many diseases some of which related to parasitical diseases as fevers and headaches. As part of our research on antiparasitic essential oils from Beninese plants, we decided to evaluate the in vitro antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities of essential oils of four Cymbopogon species used in traditional medicine as well as their cytotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The essential oils of four Cymbopogon species Cymbopogon citratus (I), Cymbopogon giganteus (II), Cymbopogon nardus (III) and Cymbopogon schoenantus (IV) from Benin obtained by hydrodistillation were analysed by GC/MS and GC/FID and were tested in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Plasmodium falciparum respectively for antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activities. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro against Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells and the human non cancer fibroblast cell line (WI38) through MTT assay to evaluate the selectivity. RESULTS All tested oils showed a strong antitrypanosomal activity with a good selectivity. Sample II was the most active against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and could be considered as a good candidate. It was less active against Plasmodium falciparum. Samples II, III and IV had low or no cytotoxicity, but the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (I), was toxic against CHO cells and moderately toxic against WI38 cells and needs further toxicological studies. Sample I (29 compounds) was characterised by the presence as main constituents of geranial, neral, β-pinene and cis-geraniol; sample II (53 compounds) by trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, trans-carveol, trans-p-mentha-2,8-dienol, cis-p-mentha-2,8-dienol, cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, limonene, cis-carveol and cis-carvone; sample III (28 compounds) by β-citronellal, nerol, β-citronellol, elemol and limonene and sample IV (41 compounds) by piperitone, (+)-2-carene, limonene, elemol and β-eudesmol. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that essential oils of Cymbopogon genus can be a good source of antitrypanosomal agents. This is the first report on the activity of these essential oils against Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Plasmodium falciparum and analysis of their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Kpoviessi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521 Cotonou, Benin; Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1 7203 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential oils (LAPHE), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of health Sciences (FSS), Faculty of Sciences et Technics (FAST), 01 BP: 188 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Joanne Bero
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1 7203 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pierre Agbani
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), 03 BP: 1974 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Fernand Gbaguidi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521 Cotonou, Benin; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential oils (LAPHE), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of health Sciences (FSS), Faculty of Sciences et Technics (FAST), 01 BP: 188 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Bénédicta Kpadonou-Kpoviessi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Brice Sinsin
- Laboratory of Applied Ecology (LEA), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of Agronomic Sciences (FSA), 03 BP: 1974 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Georges Accrombessi
- Laboratory of Physic and Synthesis Organic Chemistry (LaCOPS), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST), BP: 4521 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Michel Frédérich
- Université de Liège, Drug Research Center, Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Av. de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mansourou Moudachirou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Essential oils (LAPHE), University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Faculty of health Sciences (FSS), Faculty of Sciences et Technics (FAST), 01 BP: 188 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1 7203 Av. E. Mounier 72, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Loizzo MR, Ben Jemia M, Senatore F, Bruno M, Menichini F, Tundis R. Chemistry and functional properties in prevention of neurodegenerative disorders of five Cistus species essential oils. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:586-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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A comparative study of cytotoxic, membrane and DNA damaging effects of Origanum majorana’s essential oil and its oxygenated monoterpene component linalool on parental and epirubicin-resistant H1299 cells. Biologia (Bratisl) 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-013-0196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Effect of dietary Salvia officinalis essential oil and sodium selenite supplementation on antioxidative status and blood phagocytic activity in broiler chickens. ACTA VET BRNO 2013. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201382010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selected indicators of the antioxidant status and blood phagocytic activity were investigated in broiler chickens fed diets enriched with essential oil from Salvia officinalis and/or sodium selenite for 5 weeks. Twenty four one-day-old Ross 308 hybrid broilers were randomly divided into four groups according to dietary treatments. The control group was fed unsupplemented basal diet, whereas the feeds of three treatment groups were supplemented with essential oil (0.05%), sodium selenite (0.4 mg Se/kg dry matter) or their combination, respectively. The intake of diets containing essential oil alone or together with Se significantly elevated (P < 0.05) the total antioxidant status in plasma. The combination of essential oil and sodium selenite added to the basal diet resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.05) of superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes, increased activities of glutathione peroxidase in liver (P < 0.001) and duodenal mucosa (P < 0.05) compared to the control. Higher malondialdehyde concentrations in kidney tissues (P < 0.01) of chickens supplemented with sodium selenite were reduced by addition of essential oil to their diet. Blood phagocytic activity was significantly (P < 0.001) increased in both groups supplemented with selenium. The presented results demonstrate that Salvia officinalis essential oil and sodium selenite jointly added to diets had a more positive effect on the antioxidant status of broilers than when both additives were administered separately.
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Bero J, Beaufay C, Hannaert V, Hérent MF, Michels PA, Quetin-Leclercq J. Antitrypanosomal compounds from the essential oil and extracts of Keetia leucantha leaves with inhibitor activity on Trypanosoma brucei glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:270-274. [PMID: 23312849 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Keetia leucantha is a West African tree used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases among which parasitic infections. The dichloromethane extract of leaves was previously shown to possess growth-inhibitory activities on Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Leishmania mexicana mexicana with low or no cytotoxicity (>100 μg/ml on human normal fibroblasts) (Bero et al. 2009, 2011). In continuation of our investigations on the antitrypanosomal compounds from this dichloromethane extract, we analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS the essential oil of its leaves obtained by hydrodistillation and the major triterpenic acids in this extract by LC-MS. Twenty-seven compounds were identified in the oil whose percentages were calculated using the normalization method. The essential oil, seven of its constituents and the three triterpenic acids were evaluated for their antitrypanosomal activity on Trypanosoma brucei brucei bloodstream forms (Tbb BSF) and procyclic forms (Tbb PF) to identify an activity on the glycolytic process of trypanosomes. The oil showed an IC(50) of 20.9 μg/ml on Tbb BSF and no activity was observed on Tbb PF. The best antitrypanosomal activity was observed for ursolic acid with IC(50) of 2.5 and 6.5 μg/ml respectively on Tbb BSF and Tbb PF. The inhibitory activity on a glycolytic enzyme of T. brucei, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was also evaluated for betulinic acid, olenaolic acid, ursolic acid, phytol, α-ionone and β-ionone. The three triterpenic acids and β-ionone showed inhibitory activities on GAPDH with oleanolic acid being the most active with an inhibition of 72.63% at 20 μg/ml. This paper reports for the first time the composition and antitrypanosomal activity of the essential oil of Keetia leucantha. Several of its constituents and three triterpenic acids present in the dichloromethane leaves extract showed a higher antitrypanosomal activity on bloodstream forms of Tbb as compared to procyclic forms, namely geranyl acetone, phytol, α-ionone, β-ionone, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid. The four last compounds were proven to be inhibitors of trypanosomal GAPDH, which may in part explain these antitrypanosomal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bero
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium.
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Effects of Thymus revolutus Célak essential oil and its two major components on Hep G2 cells membrane. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Saeidnia S, Gohari AR. Trypanocidal Monoterpenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59514-0.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Karimian P, Kavoosi G, Saharkhiz MJ. Antioxidant, nitric oxide scavenging and malondialdehyde scavenging activities of essential oils from different chemotypes of Zataria multiflora. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:2144-7. [PMID: 22054260 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2011.631136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The antioxidant, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging and malondialdehyde (MDA) scavenging activities of different Zataria multiflora (ZM) chemotype essential oils (EOs) were investigated. The main components are: ZM1 (carvacrol, p-cymene), ZM2 (carvacrol, p-cymene), ZM3 (carvacrol, p-cymene), ZM4 (linalool), ZM5 (carvacrol, p-cymene, thymol), ZM6 (thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpienene), ZM7 (thymol, p-cymene, γ-terpienene) and ZM8 (carvacrol, linalool, p-cymene, thymol). The antioxidant capacities were estimated to be 863 ± 55, 619 ± 27, 876 ± 32, 38 ± 9, 649 ± 50, 595 ± 40, 696 ± 41 and 618 ± 9 µg ascorbic acid equivalents per millilitre for ZM1 to ZM8, respectively. The NO scavenging values were estimated to be 54 ± 1.2, 50 ± 1.4, 63 ± 1, 0.60 ± 0.1, 53 ± 0.7, 53 ± 1.5, 38 ± 1.1 and 46.5 ± 3 µg ascorbic acid equivalents per millilitre for ZM1 to ZM8, respectively. The MDA scavenging values were estimated to be 19 ± 1, 9 ± 1, 24 ± 1, 1.6 ± 0.6, 12 ± 1, 11.7 ± 1, 10 ± 1 and 12.5 ± 1.3 µg ascorbic acid equivalents per millilitre for ZM1 to ZM8, respectively. Among these EOs, ZM3 with carvacrol and p-cymene had higher antioxidant, NO scavenging and MDA scavenging properties.
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Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oil from Heracleum Siamicum Craib. Pharm Chem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-011-0587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Pículo F, Guiraldeli Macedo C, de Andrade SF, Luis Maistro E. In vivo genotoxicity assessment of nerolidol. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 31:633-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Navarro-Moll MC, Romero MC, Montilla MP, Valero A. In vitro and in vivo activity of three sesquiterpenes against L(3) larvae of Anisakis type I. Exp Parasitol 2010; 127:405-8. [PMID: 20932829 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible use of terpenic derivatives to treat anisakiasis caused by L(3) larvae of Anisakis, we studied the in vitro and in vivo larvicidal activity of three sesquiterpenes (nerolidol, farnesol and elemol). In vitro experiments included the histological study of larval damage and in vivo studies the measurement of myeloperoxidase activity in rat gastrointestinal tract after administration of the sesquiterpenes. In the in vitro assays, the most active compound against the L(3) larvae was nerolidol, followed by farnesol; both caused the death of all nematodes, which showed cuticle changes and intestinal wall rupture. In the in vivo assays, only 20% of infected rats treated with nerolidol or farnesol showed gastric wall lesions in comparison to 86.6% of control animals. According to these results, nerolidol and farnesol are good candidates for further research as biocidal agents against L(3) larvae of Anisakis type I.
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Waterman C, Smith RA, Pontiggia L, DerMarderosian A. Anthelmintic screening of Sub-Saharan African plants used in traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 127:755-759. [PMID: 19962435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study screened for anthelmintic activity of plant species traditionally used in the treatment of intestinal parasites and their symptoms in Sub-Saharan Africa in an effort to confirm their local use and aid in the search for new compounds since resistance is a growing concern. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and organic extracts of 33 plant parts from 17 plant species traditionally used in the treatment of intestinal infections in Sub-Saharan Africa were evaluated for their anthelmintic activity. This activity was assessed using a standard motility assay against a levamisole resistant strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Anthelmintic activity was confirmed in 12 plant species. Of these, eight showed strong evidence of activity (p<0.0001), one exhibited moderate evidence of activity (p<0.001), three demonstrated weak evidence of activity (p<0.05), and five plants showed no evidence of activity. The eight species with the strongest evidence of activity were Acacia polyacantha, Anogeissus leiocarpus, Bridelia micrantha, Cassia sieberiana, Combretum nigricans, Grewia bicolor, Strychnos spinosa and Ziziphus mucronata. In only two cases, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Cassia sieberiana, anthelmintic activity has been previously confirmed. The activity demonstrated against the levamisole resistant strain of Caenorhabditis elegans and the presence of molecules in these plants known or suspected of having a broad spectrum of activity provide support for further study of these plants and their compounds as possible treatments for parasitic worm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Waterman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4495, USA.
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