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Roy AC, Prasad A, Priya K, Das P, Singh S, Ghosh C, Ghosh I. Anticancer effect of antioxidant-rich methanolic extract of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz leaves in HepG2 and HeLa cells: A mechanistic insight. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Suciati, Poerwantoro D, Widyawaruyanti A, Ingkaninan K. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:313-317. [PMID: 34214376 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease characterized by confusion, behavior changes, decline in memory and cognitive skills. One of the strategies in the treatment of AD is to use acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The current study aims to determine the AChE inhibitory activities of the extract and fractions of the root of Rauvolfia serpentina. METHODS Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol, followed by liquid-liquid partition using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Further fractionation was conducted by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The AChE inhibitory assays were performed by using Ellmann's method. Phytochemical screening was carried out by TLC method. RESULTS The ethanolic extract of R. serpentina showed inhibition against AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 7.46 μg/mL. The extract and fractions showed higher inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) compared to AChE. Amongst three fractions obtained, the n-butanol fraction showed the strongest inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.99 μg/mL against AChE. VLC fractionation of the n-butanol fraction yielded 13 subfractions (VLC 1-VLC 13). Four out of 13 subfractions gave more than 80% inhibition against AChE, namely subfractions 4-7, with IC50 values ranging from 4.87 to 47.22 μg/mL. The phytochemical screening of these subfractions suggested the presence of alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS The ethanolic extract, as well as fractions of R. serpentina root, are potential for AChE inhibitor. The alkaloid compound may be responsible for this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suciati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.,Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Debora Poerwantoro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aty Widyawaruyanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia.,Natural Product Medicine Research and Development, Institute of Tropical Diseases, Universitas Airlangga,Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Bioscreening Unit, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Bitombo AN, Zintchem AAA, Atchadé ADT, Moni Ndedi EDF, Khan A, Ngono Bikobo DS, Pegnyemb DE, Bochet CG. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of indole alkaloids and other constituents from the stem barks of Rauvolfia caffra Sond (Apocynaceae). Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:1467-1475. [PMID: 33648401 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1891054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Twenty indole alkaloids, among which two undescribed ones named rauvolfianoids A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the stem barks of Rauvolfia caffra Sond along with eight other compounds from other biosynthetic pathways. The structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, including 1 D and 2 D NMR; absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by CD exciton chirality method. Compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities against three bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Shigella sp and Salmonella sp) and CRC-related opportunistic pathogens. 1 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Salmonella sp with the MIC value of 25 μg/ml, while 2 exhibited weak selective activity against all tested pathogens. In addition, these alkaloids were characterized as weak apoptosis inducers in HCT116 human colon carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Nehemie Bitombo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of YaoundéI 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan.,Department of Chemie, Universität of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Auguste Abouem A Zintchem
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of YaoundéI 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher's Training College, University of YaoundéI 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Alex de Théodore Atchadé
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of YaoundéI 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Dominique Serge Ngono Bikobo
- Faculty of Science, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of YaoundéI 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,Department of Chemie, Universität of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Singh A, Banerjee P, Anas M, Singh N, Qamar I. Traditional Nutritional and Health Practices Targeting Lifestyle Behavioral Changes in Humans. J Lifestyle Med 2020; 10:67-73. [PMID: 32995333 PMCID: PMC7502895 DOI: 10.15280/jlm.2020.10.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this 21st century who isn’t enticed by the glamorous and appealing life in the fast lane? We are surrounded by wonders, something we could never have imagined erstwhile. We have everything just a click or a call away. This alluring lifestyle comes with its own perils, the biggest one being concerned with health which is often compromised with check ins and home delivered food but the problem doesn’t just lie with the outside food but also with all those chemical enriched engineered expensive food items. The industry often tempers with our food to make it “More Attractive” to the consumer. However, in modern era, availability of drugs and fancy powders has led to imbalance of health and nutrition, contrary to the previous era when home gardening was very common and people preferred fresh-foods which didn’t contain added chemicals. They even used to treat some of the health problems with the natural ways that we nowadays refer to DIYs (Do-it-yourselves). Since Ayurveda used natural herbs and plant extracts for treatment, the earth was fresher and less-polluted which led to greater life expectancy. The modern era also has its own benefits like excellences in allopathy medicine has brought a cure to many untreatable diseases of the ancient times, and have even eradicated certain diseases like smallpox and polio. To summarize, both the time had their own pros and cons, so it would be better if we take both of their advantages into consideration and work ahead to live a healthy life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallabi Banerjee
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Anas
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nagendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imteyaz Qamar
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wu F, Kerčmar P, Zhang C, Stöckigt J. Sarpagan-Ajmalan-Type Indoles: Biosynthesis, Structural Biology, and Chemo-Enzymatic Significance. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2015; 76:1-61. [PMID: 26827882 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthetic pathway of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid ajmaline in the genus Rauvolfia, in particular Rauvolfia serpentina Benth. ex Kurz, is one of the few pathways that have been comprehensively uncovered. Every step in the progress of plant alkaloid biosynthesis research is due to the endeavors of several generations of scientists and the advancement of technologies. The tissue and cell suspension cultures developed in the 1970s by M.H. Zenk enabled the extraction of alkaloids and crude enzymes for use as experimental materials, thus establishing the foundation for further research on enzymatic reaction networks. In vivo NMR technology was first used in biosynthetic investigations in the 1990s following the invention of high-field cryo-NMR, which allowed the rapid and reliable detection of bioconversion processes within living plant cells. Shortly before, in 1988, a milestone was reached with the heterologous expression of the strictosidine synthase cDNA, which paved the way for the application of "reverse genetics" and "macromolecular crystallography." Both methods allowed the structural analysis of several Rauvolfia enzymes involved in ajmaline biosynthesis and expanded our knowledge of the enzyme mechanisms, substrate specificities, and structure-activity relationships. It also opened the door for rational enzyme engineering and metabolic steering. Today, the research focus of ajmaline biosynthesis is shifting from "delineation" to "utilization." The Pictet-Spenglerase strictosidine synthase, strictosidine glucosidase, together with raucaffricine glucosidase, as pioneers in this area, have become useful tools to generate "privileged structures" and "diversity oriented" syntheses, which may help to construct novel scaffolds and to set up libraries of sarpagan-ajmalan-type alkaloids in chemo-enzymatic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrui Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Chenggui Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China
| | - Joachim Stöckigt
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Entomological Biopharmaceutical R&D, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, P.R. China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Höft M, Verpoorte R, Beck E. Growth and Alkaloid Patterns of Roots ofTabernaemontana pachysiphonandRauvolfia mombasianaas Influenced by Environmental Factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1998.tb00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Analysis of hairy root culture ofRauvolfia serpentina using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometric technique. Biomed Chromatogr 2008; 22:596-600. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ruyter CM, Stöckigt JHH. Enzymatic Formation of Raucaffricine, the Major Indole Alkaloid ofRauwolfia serpentinaCell-Suspension Cultures. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19910740811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lounasmaa M, Hanhinen P. The ajmaline group of indole alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2002; 55:1-87. [PMID: 11704984 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(01)55002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lounasmaa
- Laboratory for Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Helsinki, Espoo, Finland
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Warzecha H, Obitz P, Stöckigt J. Purification, partial amino acid sequence and structure of the product of raucaffricine-O-beta-D-glucosidase from plant cell cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 1999; 50:1099-1109. [PMID: 10234858 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell suspension cultures of Rauwolfia produce within 1 week approximately 250 nkat/l of raucaffricine-O-beta-D-glucosidase. A five step procedure using anion exchange chromatography, chromatography on hydroxylapatite, gel filtration and FPLC-chromatography on Mono Q and Mono P delivered in a yield of 0.9% approximately 1200-fold enriched glucosidase. A short protocol employing DEAE sepharose, TSK 55 S gel chromatography and purification on Mono Q gave a 5% recovery of glucosidase which was 340-fold enriched. SDS-PAGE showed a Mr for the enzyme of 61 kDa. The enzyme is not glycosylated. Structural investigation of the enzyme product, vomilenine, demonstrated that the alkaloid exists in aqueous solutions in an equilibrium of 21(R)- and 21(S)-vomilenine in a ratio of 3.4:1. Proteolysis of the pure enzyme with endoproteinase Lys C revealed six peptide fragments with 6-24 amino acids which were sequenced. The two largest fragments showed sequences, of which the motif Val-Thr-Glu-Asn-Gly is typical for beta-glucosidases. Sequence alignment of these fragments demonstrated high homologies to linamarase from Manihot esculenta (81% identity) or to beta-glucosidase from Prunus avium (79% identity). Raucaffricine-O-beta-D-glucosidase seems to be a new member of the family 1 of glycosyl hydrolases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Warzecha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Chapter 2 Biosynthesis in Rauwolfia serpentina Modern Aspects of an Old Medicinal Plant. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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