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Shevtsov A, Parada M, Burks EJ, Quillen K. Peripheral blood smear and hemoglobin electrophoresis of unsuspected hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis in a newborn. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 44:53-54. [PMID: 34464034 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Shevtsov
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Parada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric J Burks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen Quillen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Cunningham MJ. Update on Thalassemia: Clinical Care and Complications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2010; 24:215-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
beta-Thalassemia, originally named Cooley anemia, is an inherited blood disease. Various types of thalassemia are inherited anemias caused by mutations at the globin gene loci on chromosomes 16 and 11, affecting the production of alpha- or beta-globin protein, respectively. The combination of early diagnosis, improvements in monitoring for organ complications, and advances in supportive care have enabled many patients who have severe thalassemia syndromes to live productive, active lives well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody J Cunningham
- Thalassemia Research Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Fegan 7, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Pan HF, Long GF, Li Q, Feng YN, Lei ZY, Wei HW, Huang YY, Huang JH, Lin N, Xu QQ, Ling SY, Chen XJ, Huang T. Current status of thalassemia in minority populations in Guangxi, China. Clin Genet 2007; 71:419-26. [PMID: 17489847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic disorders in the world. In order to develop a community-based prevention program, we screened 12,900 individuals for alpha- and beta-thalassemia in Baise City, Guangxi, China, with hematological methods and molecular assays. We found that the frequency of carriers in this area for alpha-thalassemia is 15%. Beta-thalassemia carriers comprise 4.8% of the populations. Five mutations account for 98% of alpha-thalassemia [--SEA 46.7%; -alpha/4.2, 23.9%; -alpha/3.7, 21.7%; hemoglobin (Hb) Constant Spring, 6.5%; Hb Quong Sze, 1.1%]. Seven mutations in the beta-globin gene account for 99% of the mutations [codon (CD) 41/42 (-TCTT) (39.4%), CD 17(A-->T) (32%), CD 71/72 (+A) (7.4%), -28 (A-->G) (5.8%), IVS-2-654 (C-->T) (5.8%), CD26 (Hb E) (4%), IVS-1 (G-->A) (3.7%), and CD 43(G-->T) (1.9%)]. Most individuals with alpha-thalassemia major die in the uterus or shortly after birth. Among 106 patients with beta-thalassemia major followed by our clinic, the majority died before 5 years of age. Knowledge surveys about thalassemia were conducted. Our results show a severe lack of knowledge about thalassemia in both medical professionals and in the general populations. This study shows that thalassemia is a very severe public health issue in minority populations in Baise City, China. Identification of the common mutations will allow us to design cost-effective molecular tests. There is an urgent need to educate the general population and the medical community for a successful community-based prevention program.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Pan
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Al-Hasani K, Vadolas J, Voullaire L, Williamson R, Ioannou PA. Complementation of alpha-thalassaemia in alpha-globin knockout mice with a 191 kb transgene containing the human alpha-globin locus. Transgenic Res 2005; 13:235-43. [PMID: 15359601 DOI: 10.1023/b:trag.0000034627.36174.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
alpha-thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by a decrease in the synthesis of alpha-globin due to mutations in one or both of the alpha-globin genes located on human chromosome 16. A 191 kb transgene derived from a sequenced bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone carrying the human alpha-globin gene cluster, together with about 100 kb of sequence upstream of DNase1 hypersensitive site HS-40 and 30 kb downstream of the alpha1-globin gene, was introduced into fertilised mouse oocytes by pronuclear microinjection. Three transgenic founder mice were obtained. Analysis of one transmitting line by fluorescent in situ hybridisation and quantitative PCR demonstrated a single copy integration of the human alpha-globin transgene on chromosome 1. Analysis of haemoglobins from the peripheral blood by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated synthesis of human alpha-globin to about 36% of the level of each mouse alpha-globin locus. Breeding of transgenic mice with mice heterozygous for a knockout (KO) deletion of both murine alpha-globin genes showed that the human alpha-globin locus restored haemoglobin levels and red cell distribution width to normal in double heterozygous mice and significantly normalised other haematological parameters. Interestingly the human transgene also induced a significant increase in red cell production and haematocrit above wild type values. This is the first report demonstrating complementation of a murine alpha-globin KO mutation by human alpha-globin gene expression from an intact human alpha-globin locus. The transgenic mouse model described in this report should be very useful for the study of human alpha-globin gene regulation and for the development of strategies to down regulate alpha-globin production as a means of ameliorating the severity of beta-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Al-Hasani
- CAGT Research Group, The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Loukopoulos D, Loutradi A, Fessas P. A unique thalassaemic syndrome: homozygous alpha-thalassaemia + homozygous beta-thalassaemia. Br J Haematol 1978; 39:377-89. [PMID: 698115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1978.tb01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The disturbed balance of globin chain synthesis is a major factor in the pathophysiology of the thalassaemic disorders; this concept is strongly supported by the study of a patient displaying an extreme but symmetrical deficit of both major types of chains alpha and beta. The patient had a mild clinical picture but presented a striking hypochromia (MCH 10 pg) with compensatory erythrocytosis (RBC 10(12)/l.). Study of the propositus and his family by haematological, biochemical and biosynthetic techniques indicates that the patient carries two alpha- and two beta-thalassaemia genes resulting in balanced globin chain synthesis; in addition, several members of the family carry two or three abnormal genes. During observation a change in the haematological pattern occurred with a shift towards more intensive beta-chain and away from gamma-chaim synthesis; this appeared with be associated with improvement of his anaemia through more effective erythropoiesis.
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Altay C, Say B, Yetgin S, Huisman TH. alpha-Thalassemia and beta-thalassemia in a Turkish family. Am J Hematol 1977; 2:1-15. [PMID: 868864 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.2830020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A Turkish family is described in which three children have a clinical picture similar to that of thalassemia major, with typical red cell morphology and indices, and with about 10% Hb Bart's but without measurable amounts of Hb H. Hematological evaluation of six members of this family that included in vitro hemoglobin synthesis suggests that beta-(or delta beta-) thalassemia, beta-silent thalassemia, and mild and severe alpha-thalassemia genes are present in different combinations. The data indicate that beta/alpha chain ratios in patients with more than one type of thalassemia should be evaluated in relationship to values obtained for several relatives even though some of the thalassemia determinants may be silent in the parents.
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Halbrecht I, Shabtai F. An unusual case of hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis. ACTA GENETICAE MEDICAE ET GEMELLOLOGIAE 1975; 24:97-103. [PMID: 1241493 DOI: 10.1017/s1120962300021934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A baby with alpha-chain thalassemia hydrops fetalis was born to an Iraqian Jewish couple of Iraqi-Kurdish extraction. Hemoglobin Bart's constituted only 40% of the total hemoglobin, much less than usually found in alpha-thalassemia hydrops fetalis. That this is a particular expression of hemoglobin H disease is considered. The likelihood of two alpha-chain loci, rather than one alpha-chain locus, in this family, is also discussed.
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Hawkins BR. The distribution of blood genetic markers in immigrant Chinese populations. ACTA GENETICAE MEDICAE ET GEMELLOLOGIAE 1973; 22:139-66. [PMID: 4790793 DOI: 10.1017/s1120962300017662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe current data on the distribution of blood genetic markers in Chinese populations outside China have been reviewed and summarised. The Chinese were found to exhibit varying degrees of heterogeneity in some of the marker systems, and attempts have been made, where appropriate, to relate this heterogeneity to the diverse backgrounds in China of the populations studied.
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Benirschke K. What pediatricians should know about the placenta. CURRENT PROBLEMS IN PEDIATRICS 1971; 2:3-32. [PMID: 5163977 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-9380(71)80044-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kan YW, Nathan DG. Mild thalassemia: the result of interactions of alpha and beta thalassemia genes. J Clin Invest 1970; 49:635-42. [PMID: 5443168 PMCID: PMC322517 DOI: 10.1172/jci106274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Homozygous thalassemia is due to inherited unbalanced synthesis of the alpha- or beta-chains of hemoglobin. Clinical severity may be in part related to the extent of alpha:beta imbalance. Two families are presented that illustrate this concept. Thalassemia in these individuals was evaluated by clinical and genetic criteria. The relative rates of alpha- and beta-chain synthesis in their reticulocytes were estimated by the extent of incorporation of 1-leucine-U-(14)C into the chains. Unusual combinations of clinical and hematological data and biosynthetic ratios were obtained in certain individuals which indicated the presence of combinations of alpha- and beta-thalassemia genes. The propositus of the first family had mild Cooley's anemia and was believed to have one alpha- as well as two beta-thalassemia genes. Presumably the alpha-thalassemia gene interfered with alpha-chain production which lead to less accumulation of alpha-chains and a reduced rate of intramedullary and peripheral hemolysis. In the second family two individuals were believed to have an alpha-thalassemia, a "silent carrier," and a beta-thalassemia gene. Despite the fact that they appeared to have the genotype of hemoglobin H disease, their cells contained no hemoglobin H and had a normal lifespan presumably because excess beta-chain production was inhibited by the beta-thalessemia gene. These family studies suggest that the alpha:beta imbalance observed in thalassemia may be favorably influenced by combinations of alpha- and beta-thalassemia genes.
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Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB, Boon WH. The haemoglobin constitution of infants with the haemoglobin Bart's hydrops foetalis syndrome. Br J Haematol 1970; 18:357-67. [PMID: 5531027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1970.tb01449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Wasi P, Na-Nakorn S, Pootrakul S, Sookanek M, Disthasongchan P, Panich V, Pornpatkul M. Alpha- and beta-thalassemia in Thailand. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1969; 165:60-82. [PMID: 5260169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb27777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Kan YW, Schwartz E, Nathan DG. Globin chain synthesis in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. J Clin Invest 1968; 47:2512-22. [PMID: 5775343 PMCID: PMC297416 DOI: 10.1172/jci105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole blood samples of patients with various forms of alpha thalassemia including hemoglobin H disease, alpha thalassemia trait, and the "silent carrier" state were incubated with leucine-(14)C for definition of relative rates of production of alpha and beta chains in these disorders. The chains were separated by carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography in the presence of 8 M urea and dithiothreitol. Their absorptions at 280 mmu were determined and their radioactivities measured in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. After correction for differences in extinction coefficients, the specific activities of the widely separated alpha and beta peaks were determined. In 11 nonthalassemic individuals, the alpha/beta specific activity ratios were found to be 1.02+/-0.07; in nine patients with alpha thalassemia trait, 0.77+/-0.05; in six patients with hemoglobin H disease, 0.41+/-0.11; and in four "silent carriers," 0.88 with a range of 0.82-0.95. The results show that in peripheral blood, alpha chain production relative to beta chain production is indeed limited in the alpha thalassemia syndromes. Hemoglobin H disease results from doubly heterozygous inheritance of a gene resulting in moderate depression of alpha chain production (alpha thalassemia trait) and a gene resulting in very mild depression of alpha chain production (the "silent carrier" syndrome."
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Beischer NA, Holsman M, Kitchen WH. Relation of various forms of anemia to placental weight. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1968; 101:801-9. [PMID: 5660979 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(68)90036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Harris RC. The newer hyperbilirubinemias. Dis Mon 1968:1-32. [PMID: 4968708 DOI: 10.1016/s0011-5029(68)80008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Lie-Injo LE, Lopez CG, Dutt AK. Pathological findings in hydrops foetalis due to alpha-thalassamemia: a review of 32 cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1968; 62:874-9. [PMID: 4891864 DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(68)90016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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