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Yucesan E, Hatirnaz Ng O, Yalniz FF, Yilmaz H, Salihoglu A, Sudutan T, Eskazan AE, Ongoren S, Baslar Z, Soysal T, Ozbek U, Sayitoglu M, Ar MC. Copy-number variations in adult patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Expert Rev Hematol 2020; 13:1277-1287. [PMID: 32885695 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1819786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous background. FCGR2C mutations were defined in one third of the patients but genetic players have not been fully elucidated yet. Although childhood ITP present as benign, ITP in adulthood is chronic disease with treatment challenges. This study aimed to focus on adult ITP patients using a whole genome genotyping that is valuable approach to identify the responsible genomic regions for the disease. METHODS Herein 24 adult primary-refractory for ITP patients were evaluated using HumanCytoSNP12BeadChip,Illumina. Forty-six age and sex matched healthy individuals, and ptients awith nonhematological conditions were analyzed as controls. Identified CNV regions were verified by qRTPCR. T-cell receptor beta and delta (TCRB/TCRG) clonality were assessed by heteroduplex analysis in mosaic cases. RESULTS Several CNV losses and gains were defined (losses:2q,7q,17q,19p, and gains: 1q,2p,3q,4q,7q,10q,12p,13q,14q,15q,17p,20q,21p,22q,Xp). Mosaic changes of different sizes (0.2-17.77Mb) were identified in five patients and three of them showed clonality. CNV regions that were unique to ITP patients were identified for the first time and among these genes, those related to immune regulation, and cellular trafficking were noteworthy. Conclusion: Identified CNV regions harbor several candidate genes, the functions of which might shed light on the pathogenesis of chronic ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Yucesan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Bezmialem Vakif University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozden Hatirnaz Ng
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Firat Yalniz
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Salihoglu
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Sudutan
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eskazan
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seniz Ongoren
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zafer Baslar
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Teoman Soysal
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Ozbek
- Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, School of Medicine , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Sayitoglu
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Cem Ar
- Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa , Istanbul, Turkey
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Bogdanos DP, Smyk DS, Rigopoulou EI, Mytilinaiou MG, Heneghan MA, Selmi C, Gershwin ME. Twin studies in autoimmune disease: genetics, gender and environment. J Autoimmun 2011; 38:J156-69. [PMID: 22177232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Twin studies are powerful tools to discriminate whether a complex disease is due to genetic or environmental factors. High concordance rates among monozygotic (MZ) twins support genetic factors being predominantly involved, whilst low rates are suggestive of environmental factors. Twin studies have often been utilised in the study of systemic and organ specific autoimmune diseases. As an example, type I diabetes mellitus has been investigated to establish that that disease is largely affected by genetic factors, compared to rheumatoid arthritis or scleroderma, which have a weaker genetic association. However, large twin studies are scarce or virtually non-existent in other autoimmune diseases which have been limited to few sets of twins and individual case reports. In addition to the study of the genetic and environmental contributions to disease, it is likely that twin studies will also provide data in regards to the clinical course of disease, as well as risk for development in related individuals. More importantly, genome-wide association studies have thus far reported genomic variants that only account for a minority of autoimmunity cases, and cannot explain disease discordance in MZ twins. Future research is therefore encouraged not only in the analysis of twins with autoimmune disease, but also in regards to epigenetic factors or rare variants that may be discovered with next-generation sequencing. This review will examine the literature surrounding twin studies in autoimmune disease including discussions of genetics and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios P Bogdanos
- Institute of Liver Studies, Liver Immunopathology, King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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Boughton BJ, Simpson AW, Bolt C, Buchan A, McLeish P. Platelet Membrane Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa has Sequence Homologies with Human Virus Proteins and Synthetic Viral Peptides Inhibit Anti-GPIIb/IIIa Antibodies in Autoimmune Thrombocytopenic Purpura. Platelets 2009; 6:75-82. [DOI: 10.3109/09537109509078447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mo L, Leu SJ, Berry C, Liu F, Olee T, Yang YY, Beardsley DS, McMillan R, Woods VL, Chen PP. The frequency of homozygous deletion of a developmentally regulated Vh gene (Humhv3005) is increased in patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Autoimmunity 2001; 24:257-63. [PMID: 9147584 DOI: 10.3109/08916939608994718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the genetic factors that may contribute to the development of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (cITP). We have previously shown that a developmentally regulated Vh gene (Humhv3005) is absent in 10/41 (24%) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus while it is absent in only 7/88 (8%) of normal controls. This finding suggests that a homozygous deletion of an Ig variable (V) gene may alter the immune system and thus predispose the host to an autoimmune disorder. We have analyzed the same gene in 44 patients with cITP and found that Humhv3005 and like genes were absent in a higher percentage of patients (14 of 44, 31.8%) than they were absent in either normals (7/88, 8%, p = 0.002) or thrombocytopenic patients without cITP (6/53, 11.3%, p = 0.042); the hv3005 deletion frequency in the latter group did not differ from that in normals (P = 0.74). These data suggest that deletions of Humhv3005 and/or highly homologous Vh genes may predispose individuals to the development of cITP, and may contribute toward production of pathogenic antiplatelet antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0663, USA
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Abstract
Genetic studies of experimental models of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus-like syndromes and organ-specific autoimmunity, provide major information on genetic control of autoimmune diseases. In addition to genes known to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), these studies point to multiple genes located outside the MHC that influence the onset and the progression of autoimmune diseases. Identification of these genes and of their interrelationships is now a major task that will be facilitated by recent progress in molecular biology and gene mapping. Among candidate genes, antigen-receptor genes (i.e., immunoglobulin- and T-cell receptor genes) most likely contribute an important part of the autoimmune susceptibility in several of these animal models. Available linkage data suggest a similar involvement of these antigen-receptor genes in several human autoimmune diseases. In addition to a better understanding of pathogenic mechanisms associated with autoimmunity, the knowledge of these disease-predisposing genes is expected to permit a better classification of often complex syndromes as well as the design of new treatments.
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Machin GA. Definitive methods of zygosity determination in twins: relevance to problems in the biology of twinning. ACTA GENETICAE MEDICAE ET GEMELLOLOGIAE 1990; 39:459-71. [PMID: 2102590 DOI: 10.1017/s0001566000003688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many studies of embryogenesis and fate of twin pregnancies are invalidated because zygosity is not determined definitively, or is assumed on the basis of inadequate criteria. This paper briefly reviews methods of zygosity determination. It reports published results and a new series of twins in which zygosity was determined by DNA fingerprinting. Implications for methods of prenatal diagnosis of zygosity are discussed in the context of the occasional need for intervention in twin transfusion syndrome or in twins discordant for major malformations. Definitive zygosity and placental anatomy (number of chorions and amnions) is discussed as the firm substrate for studies of normal and abnormal twin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Machin
- Department of Pathology, W.C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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