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Gonciulea AR, Wang Y, Bikle DD, Sellmeyer DE. Hypercalcemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma due to cosecretion of PTHrP and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2587-2592. [PMID: 34230999 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypercalcemia occurs in up to 30% of patients with malignancies and can be due to osteolysis by metastases, parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), excess 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) production or, rarely, ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Hypercalcemia in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has been described with elevations in PTHrP or, more commonly, excess 1,25(OH)2D production. We present the first case of a patient with new diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and severe hypercalcemia who was found to have concurrently elevated PTHrP and 1,25(OH)2D. In human studies, PTHrP has shown limited ability to stimulate 1,25(OH)2D production. To demonstrate that both PTHrP and 1,25(OH)2D were of tumor origin in our patient, tissue from her tumor underwent histochemical staining, demonstrating expression of both PTHrP and CYP27B1, indicating the presence of 1,25(OH)2D production in the tumor tissue. Our case illustrates the complexity of hypercalcemia in patients with underlying malignancy and highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup for achievement of a successful therapeutic approach. In our patient, definitive chemotherapeutic treatment resulted in achievement and maintenance of normal calcium, PTHrP and 1,25(OH)2D levels 18 months after initial diagnosis. Hypercalcemia occurs in up to 30% of malignancies and can be due to several mechanisms. We present the first case of cosecretion of parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHrP) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and demonstrate that both PTHrP and 1,25(OH)2D were of tumor origin by immunohistochemical staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Gonciulea
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale New Haven Health NEMG, Fairfield, CT, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - D D Bikle
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D E Sellmeyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr. M/C 5103, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
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2
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Understanding the common mechanisms of heart and skeletal muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:1. [PMID: 33419963 PMCID: PMC7794402 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a severe complication of cancer that adversely affects the course of the disease, with currently no effective treatments. It is characterized by a progressive atrophy of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, resulting in weight loss, a reduced quality of life, and a shortened life expectancy. Although the cachectic condition primarily affects the skeletal muscle, a tissue that accounts for ~40% of total body weight, cachexia is considered a multi-organ disease that involves different tissues and organs, among which the cardiac muscle stands out for its relevance. Patients with cancer often experience severe cardiac abnormalities and manifest symptoms that are indicative of chronic heart failure, including fatigue, shortness of breath, and impaired exercise tolerance. Furthermore, cardiovascular complications are among the major causes of death in cancer patients who experienced cachexia. The lack of effective treatments for cancer cachexia underscores the need to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Increasing evidence links the wasting of the cardiac and skeletal muscles to metabolic alterations, primarily increased energy expenditure, and to increased proteolysis, ensuing from activation of the major proteolytic machineries of the cell, including ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis and autophagy. This review aims at providing an overview of the key mechanisms of cancer cachexia, with a major focus on those that are shared by the skeletal and cardiac muscles.
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Vazifeh Shiran N, Abroun S. Plasma Cell Proliferation Is Reduced in Myeloma-Induced Hypercalcemia and in Co-Culture with Normal Healthy BM-MSCs. Lab Med 2020; 52:273-289. [PMID: 33942854 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In multiple myeloma (MM), stimulation of osteoclasts and bone marrow (BM) lesions lead to hypercalcemia, renal failure, and anemia. Co-culture of the myeloma cells in both hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia concentrations with bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viability and survival of myeloma cells were assessed by microculture tetrazolium test and flow cytometric assays. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were extracted from normal and myeloma patients and were co-cultured with myeloma cells. RESULTS Myeloma cells showed less survival in both hypocalcaemia and hypercalcemia conditions (P <.01). The paracrine and juxtacrine conditions of demineralized bone matrix-induced hypercalcemia increased the proliferation and survival of the cells (P <.05). Unlike myeloma MSCs, normal MSCs reduced the survival of and induced apoptosis in myeloma cells (P <.1). CONCLUSION Normal healthy-MSCs do not protect myeloma cells, but inhibit them. However, increasing the ratio of myeloma cells to MSCs reduces their inhibitory effects of MSCs and leads to their myelomatous transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Vazifeh Shiran
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Swarup S, Kopel J, Thein KZ, Tarafdar K, Swarup K, Thirumala S, Quick DP. Sequential Complications of Hypercalcemia, Necrotizing Granulomatous Vasculitis, and Aplastic Anemia Occurring in One Patient with Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma. Am J Med Sci 2020; 361:375-382. [PMID: 33097193 PMCID: PMC7470704 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this case report of a patient with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), we describe the occurrence of three sequential complications that have been reported uncommonly in this disease subtype. Firstly, the patient developed hypercalcemia due to elevated 1,25-didydroxyvitamin D. Although hypercalcemia in AITL is not rare (1-2% incidence), this case was unusual in that the complication developed when disease appeared stable and symptomatically, he was doing well otherwise. Hypercalcemia surprisingly resolved a few months later at a time when his disease appeared to be progressing. A year later, the patient presented with digital ischemia necessitating partial amputation of a finger. Pathological exam revealed granulomatous vasculitis of small and medium arterioles with infiltrating malignant T lymphocytes. Although skin manifestations are common in AITL, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis with accompanying tumor cells leading to severe digital ischemia appears rare. Subsequently the patient developed profound pancytopenia with bone marrow confirming severe aplastic anemia. To our knowledge only one other case of aplastic anemia has been reported in a patient with AITL. We discuss the diagnostic and management considerations involved in this patient care and review similar reported cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriman Swarup
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas USA
| | - Jonathan Kopel
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas USA.
| | - Kyaw Zin Thein
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas USA
| | - Kaiser Tarafdar
- Internal Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Covenant Health System, Lubbock, Texas USA
| | | | | | - Donald P Quick
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas USA; Internal Medicine and Hematology-Oncology, Covenant Health System, Lubbock, Texas USA
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Das S, Clézardin P, Kamel S, Brazier M, Mentaverri R. The CaSR in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer: A New Target for Early Stage Bone Metastases. Front Oncol 2020; 10:69. [PMID: 32117726 PMCID: PMC7013091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class-C G protein-coupled receptor which plays a pivotal role in calciotropic processes, primarily in regulating parathyroid hormone secretion to maintain systemic calcium homeostasis. Among its non-calciotropic roles, where the CaSR sits at the intersection of myriad processes, it has steadily garnered attention as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different organs. In maternal breast tissues the CaSR promotes lactation but in breast cancer it acts as an oncoprotein and has been shown to drive the pathogenesis of skeletal metastases from breast cancer. Even though research has made great strides in treating primary breast cancer, there is an unmet need when it comes to treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This review focuses on how the CaSR leads to the pathogenesis of breast cancer by contrasting its role in healthy tissues and tumorigenesis, and by drawing brief parallels with the tissues where it has been implicated as an oncogene. A class of compounds called calcilytics, which are CaSR antagonists, have also been surveyed in the instances where they have been used to target the receptor in cancerous tissues and constitute a proof of principle for repurposing them. Current clinical therapies for treating bone metastases from breast cancer are limited to targeting osteoclasts and a deeper understanding of the CaSR signaling nexus in this context can bolster them or lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Das
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- INSERM, Research Unit UMR_S1033, LyOS, Faculty of Medicine Lyon-Est, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Said Kamel
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Michel Brazier
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Romuald Mentaverri
- MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Amiens-Picardie University Hospital, Amiens, France
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Berent TE, Dorschner JM, Craig TA, Drake MT, Westendorf JJ, Kumar R. Lung tumor cells inhibit bone mineralization and osteoblast activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:566-571. [PMID: 31537378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSLC) often develop skeletal complications and fractures. To understand mechanisms of bone loss, we developed a murine model of non-metastatic NSLC. Decreased bone mineral density, trabecular thickness and mineralization, without an increase in bone resorption, were observed in vivo in mice injected with Lewis lung adenocarcinoma (LLC1) cells in the absence of tumor cell metastases. A decrease in trabecular bone mineral density was observed in mice injected with cell-free LLC1 CM. Plasma osteoblast biomarkers and PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) were reduced, and parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, calcium and phosphate concentrations were normal in tumor-bearing mice. LLC1 cell conditioned medium (CM) inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity, osteoblast mineralization, and expression of Alpl and Ocn/Bglap mRNA in MC3T3 osteoblast cultures, whereas non-CM or CM from NIH/3T3 fibroblasts did not induce similar changes. LLC1 CM reduced Wnt3a-stimulated Tcf/Lef reporter plasmid activity and Wnt5A, Tcf1 and Lef1 mRNA expression in MC3T3 cells. Although concentrations of the Wnt inhibitor, DKK2, were increased in LLC1 CM compared to non-CM, depletion of DKK2 from LLC1 CM did not completely restore Wnt3a activity in MC3T3 cultures, and recombinant DKK2 failed to inhibit osteoblast mineralization. The data indicate that in a model of lung adenocarcinoma without bone metastases, tumor cells elaborate a secreted factor(s) that reduces bone mass, bone formation and osteoblast Wnt signaling without increases in bone resorption or calcium-regulating hormone concentrations. The factor(s) mediating this inhibition of osteoblast mineralization require further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor E Berent
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jessica M Dorschner
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Theodore A Craig
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew T Drake
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Nephrology and Hypertension and Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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7
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Lui YS, Sow WT, Tan LP, Wu Y, Lai Y, Li H. 4D printing and stimuli-responsive materials in biomedical aspects. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:19-36. [PMID: 31071476 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing has revolutionized the world manufacturing production. In biomedical applications, however, 3D printed constructs fell short of expectations mainly due to their inability to adequately mimic the dynamic human tissues. To date, most of the 3D printed biomedical structures are largely static and inanimate as they lack the time-dependant dimension. To adequately address the dynamic healing and regeneration process of human tissues, 4D printing emerges as an important development where "time" is incorporated into the conventional concept of 3D printing as the fourth dimension. As such, additive manufacturing (AM) evolves from 3D to 4D printing and in the process putting stimulus-responsive materials in the limelight. In this review, the state-of-the-art efforts in integrating the time-dependent behaviour of stimulus-responsive materials in 4D printing will be discussed. In addition, current literatures on the interactions between various types of stimuli (categorized under physical, chemical and biological signals) with the associated stimulus-responsive materials will be the major focus in this review. Lastly, potential usage of 4D printing in biomedical applications will also be discussed, followed by technical considerations as well as outlook for future discoveries. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this Review, we have demonstrated the significance of 4D printing in biomedical applications, in which "time" has been incorporated into the conventional concept of 3D printing as the 4th dimension. As such, 4D printing differentiates and evolves from 3D printing using stimulus-responsive materials which can actively respond to external stimuli and more sophisticated "hardware"-printer which can achieve multi-printing via mathematical-predicted designs that are programmed to consider the transformation of 3D constructs over time. The emphasize will be on the interactions between various types of stimuli (categorized under physical, chemical and biological signals) with the associated stimulus-responsive materials, followed by technical considerations as well as outlook for future discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Siang Lui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ting Sow
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Yunlong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361002, PR China
| | - Yuekun Lai
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325011, PR China.
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8
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Zhang H, Gao Y, Wang Y, Yan Y, Yang Z, Miao D, Zhang D. The effects of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide on cardiac angiogenesis, apoptosis, and function in mice with myocardial infarction. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14745-14755. [PMID: 30994964 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Cardiology The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Cardiology The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Yiming Wang
- Department of Cardiology Zhenjiang First People's Hospital Zhenjiang China
| | - Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Hussain S, Saxena S, Shrivastava S, Mohanty AK, Kumar S, Singh RJ, Kumar A, Wani SA, Gandham RK, Kumar N, Sharma AK, Tiwari AK, Singh RK. Gene expression profiling of spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours: Insight into gene networks and pathways linked to cancer pathogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208656. [PMID: 30517191 PMCID: PMC6281268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneously occurring canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most common neoplasms of unspayed female dogs leading to thrice higher mortality rates than human breast cancer. These are also attractive models for human breast cancer studies owing to clinical and molecular similarities. Thus, they are important candidates for biomarker studies and understanding cancer pathobiology. The study was designed to explore underlying molecular networks and pathways in CMTs for deciphering new prognostic factors and therapeutic targets. To gain an insight into various pathways and networks associated with the development and pathogenesis of CMTs, comparative cDNA microarray expression profiling was performed using CMT tissues and healthy mammary gland tissues. Upon analysis, 1700 and 1287 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, P ≤ 0.05) were identified in malignant and benign tissues, respectively. DEGs identified from microarray analysis were further annotated using the Ingenuity Systems Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool for detection of deregulated canonical pathways, upstream regulators, and networks associated with malignant, as well as, benign disease. Top scoring key networks in benign and malignant mammary tumours were having central nodes of VEGF and BUB1B, respectively. Cyclins & cell cycle regulation and TREM1 signalling were amongst the top activated canonical pathways in CMTs. Other cancer related significant pathways like apoptosis signalling, dendritic cell maturation, DNA recombination and repair, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, etc. were also found to be altered. Furthermore, seven proteins (ANXA2, APOCII, CDK6, GATC, GDI2, GNAQ and MYH9) highly up-regulated in malignant tissues were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-TOF PMF studies which were in concordance with microarray data. Thus, the study has uncovered ample number of candidate genes associated with CMTs which need to be further validated as therapeutic targets and prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonal Saxena
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Sameer Shrivastava
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute [Deemed University], Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Rajkumar James Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) BHU, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute [Deemed University], Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
- * E-mail: (SON); (SAM); (RKS)
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10
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D'Erasmo E, Acca M, Celi FS, Minisola S, Spagna G, Aliberti G, Mazzuoli G. A Hospital Survey of Hypocalcemia and Hypophosphatemia in Malignancy. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 77:311-4. [PMID: 1746050 DOI: 10.1177/030089169107700403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the incidence of hypo- versus hypercalcemia and hypo- versus hyperphosphatemia in a survey of 158 patients with malignancy; 55/158 had bone metastases. When serum calcium levels were corrected for albuminemia, the incidence of hypo- and hypercalcemia was respectively 10.8% and 10.1 %. Hypophosphatemia was found in 29.7% patients, hyperphosphatemia in 2.5 %. The incidence was slightly different in presence of bone metastases. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia prevailed In osteoblastic metastases and hypercalcemia in osteolytic metastases. The incidence of hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia in malignancy was therefore surprisingly high, even apart from the presence of bone metastases. Both hypo- and hypercalcemia were associated with elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Moreover, a calcium-phosphorus product reduction was observed in osteoblastic metastases, suggesting a condition of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D'Erasmo
- IV Patologia Medica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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11
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Engblom C, Pfirschke C, Zilionis R, Da Silva Martins J, Bos SA, Courties G, Rickelt S, Severe N, Baryawno N, Faget J, Savova V, Zemmour D, Kline J, Siwicki M, Garris C, Pucci F, Liao HW, Lin YJ, Newton A, Yaghi OK, Iwamoto Y, Tricot B, Wojtkiewicz GR, Nahrendorf M, Cortez-Retamozo V, Meylan E, Hynes RO, Demay M, Klein A, Bredella MA, Scadden DT, Weissleder R, Pittet MJ. Osteoblasts remotely supply lung tumors with cancer-promoting SiglecF high neutrophils. Science 2018; 358:358/6367/eaal5081. [PMID: 29191879 DOI: 10.1126/science.aal5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived myeloid cells can accumulate within tumors and foster cancer outgrowth. Local immune-neoplastic interactions have been intensively investigated, but the contribution of the systemic host environment to tumor growth remains poorly understood. Here, we show in mice and cancer patients (n = 70) that lung adenocarcinomas increase bone stromal activity in the absence of bone metastasis. Animal studies reveal that the cancer-induced bone phenotype involves bone-resident osteocalcin-expressing (Ocn+) osteoblastic cells. These cells promote cancer by remotely supplying a distinct subset of tumor-infiltrating SiglecFhigh neutrophils, which exhibit cancer-promoting properties. Experimentally reducing Ocn+ cell numbers suppresses the neutrophil response and lung tumor outgrowth. These observations posit osteoblasts as remote regulators of lung cancer and identify SiglecFhigh neutrophils as myeloid cell effectors of the osteoblast-driven protumoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Engblom
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina Pfirschke
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rapolas Zilionis
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT 10257, Lithuania
| | | | - Stijn A Bos
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicolas Severe
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ninib Baryawno
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Julien Faget
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginia Savova
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Zemmour
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jaclyn Kline
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Marie Siwicki
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher Garris
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ferdinando Pucci
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hsin-Wei Liao
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yi-Jang Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andita Newton
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Omar K Yaghi
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benoit Tricot
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Virna Cortez-Retamozo
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Etienne Meylan
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marie Demay
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Allon Klein
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mikael J Pittet
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
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12
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Song X, Li Z, Ji X, Zhang D. Calcium Intake and the Risk of Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070679. [PMID: 28665326 PMCID: PMC5537794 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between calcium intake and the risk of ovarian cancer. However, the results of these studies remain controversial. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to explore the association between calcium intake and the risk of ovarian cancer. Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for eligible publications up to April 2017. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. Small-study effect was estimated using Egger's test and the funnel plot. Among 15 epidemiological studies involving 493,415 participants and 7453 cases eligible for this meta-analysis, 13 studies were about dietary calcium intake, 4 studies about dairy calcium intake and 7 studies about dietary plus supplemental calcium intake. When comparing the highest with the lowest intake, the pooled RRs of ovarian cancer were 0.80 (95% CI 0.72-0.89) for dietary calcium, 0.80 (95% CI 0.66-0.98) for dairy calcium and 0.90 (95% CI 0.65-1.24) for dietary plus supplemental calcium, respectively. Dietary calcium was significantly associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer among cohort studies (RR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.74-0.99) and among case-control studies (RR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64-0.89). In subgroup analysis by ovarian cancer subtypes, we found a statistically significant association between the dietary calcium (RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.69-0.88) and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This meta-analysis indicated that increased calcium intake might be inversely associated with the risk of ovarian cancer; this still needs to be confirmed by larger prospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the College of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Zongyao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the College of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Xinqiang Ji
- Modern Educational Technology Center, Qingdao University, Shandong 266021, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the College of Public Health of Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, China.
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13
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Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy with a Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide-Secreting Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Accompanied by a Gastric Cancer. Case Rep Endocrinol 2017; 2017:7012520. [PMID: 28573053 PMCID: PMC5442343 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7012520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is caused by the oversecretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) from malignant tumors. Although any tumor may cause HHM, that induced by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or gastric cancer (GC) is rare. We report here a 74-year-old male who displayed HHM with both ICC and GC and showed an elevated serum PTHrP level. Treatment of the hypercalcemia with saline, furosemide, elcatonin, and zoledronic acid corrected his serum calcium level and improved symptoms. Because treatment of ICC should precede that of GC, we chose chemotherapy with cisplatin (CDDP) and gemcitabine (GEM). Chemotherapy reduced the size of the ICC and decreased the serum PTHrP level. One year after diagnosis, the patient was alive in the face of a poor prognosis for an ICC that produced PTHrP. Immunohistochemical staining for PTHrP was positive for the ICC and negative for the GC, leading us to believe that the cause of the HHM was a PTHrP-secreting ICC. In conclusion, immunohistochemical staining for PTHrP may be useful in discovering the cause of HHM in the case of two cancers accompanied by an elevated serum PHTrP level. Chemotherapy with CDDP and GEM may be the most appropriate treatment for a PTHrP-secreting ICC.
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14
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Toro-Tobón D, Agosto S, Ahmadi S, Koops M, Bruder JM. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Associated Hypercalcemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2017; 18:203-207. [PMID: 28239141 PMCID: PMC5340222 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.902467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 58 Final Diagnosis: Hypercalcemia Symptoms: Confusion • dehydration Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarimar Agosto
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sara Ahmadi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Maureen Koops
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jan M Bruder
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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15
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Ranade R, Basu S. Metabolic Bone Disease in the Context of Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor: Differentiation from Skeletal Metastasis, the Molecular PET-CT Imaging Features, and Exploring the Possible Etiopathologies Including Parathyroid Adenoma (MEN1) and Paraneoplastic Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy Due to PTHrP Hypersecretion. World J Nucl Med 2017; 16:62-67. [PMID: 28217023 PMCID: PMC5314667 DOI: 10.4103/1450-1147.172307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Three cases of metabolic bone disease in the setting of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) are illustrated with associated etiopathologies. One of these cases harbored mixed lesions in the form of vertebral metastasis (biopsy proven) while the other skeletal lesions were caused due to metabolic bone disease related to multiple parathyroid adenomas. While the metastatic lesion was positive on 68Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT), the lesions of metabolic bone disease were negative and the 18F-fluoride PET-CT demonstrated the features of metabolic bone scan. Similar picture of metabolic bone disease [18-sodium fluoride (18NaF)/68Ga-DOTATATE mismatch] was documented in the other two patients, while fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET-CT was variably positive, primarily showing tracer uptake in the metabolic skeletal lesions of the patient with hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) by the underlying tumor. Discordance between 18NaF PET-CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET-CT serves as a good marker for identification of metabolic bone disease and diagnosing such a clinical entity. In a patient of NET with metabolic bone disease and hypercalcemia, thus, two causes need to be considered: (i) Coexisting parathyroid adenoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN-I) syndrome and (ii) humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) related to hypersecretion of PTHrP by the tumor. The correct diagnosis of metabolic bone disease in metastatic NET can alter the management substantially. Interestingly, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) can emerge as a very promising treatment modality in patients of metabolic bone disease caused by HHM in the setting of NET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Ranade
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Annexe, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital, Annexe, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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16
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Kaneko N, Kawano S, Matsubara R, Goto Y, Jinno T, Maruse Y, Sakamoto T, Hashiguchi Y, Iida M, Nakamura S. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma producing both parathyroid hormone-related protein and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor: a case report and literature review. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:161. [PMID: 27316348 PMCID: PMC4912775 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraneoplastic syndrome generally results from tumor-derived hormones or peptides that cause metabolic derangements. Common metabolic conditions include hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, and Cushing's syndrome. Herein, we report a very rare case of tongue carcinoma presenting with leukocytosis and hypercalcemia. CASE PRESENTATION A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (cT4aN0M0, stage IV). He underwent radical resection following preoperative chemoradiotherapy, but locoregional recurrence was detected 2 months after surgery. He presented with marked leukocytosis and hypercalcemia with elevated serum levels of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). He was therefore managed with intravenous fluids, furosemide, prednisolone, elcatonin, and pamidronate. However, the patient died 1 month later of carcinomatous pleuritis following distant metastasis to the lung. Immunohistochemical analyses of the resected specimens revealed positive staining for PTHrP and G-CSF in the cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS In this case, it was considered that tumor-derived G-CSF and PTHrP caused leukocytosis and hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kaneko
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Course for Developmental Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Teppei Jinno
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Maruse
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Taiki Sakamoto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuma Hashiguchi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masakazu Iida
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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17
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Iino C, Shimoyama T, Akemoto Y, Igarashi T, Aihara T, Ishii K, Sakamoto J, Tono H, Fukuda S. Humoral hypercalcemia due to gastric carcinoma secreting parathyroid hormone-related protein during chemotherapy: a case report. Clin J Gastroenterol 2016; 9:68-72. [PMID: 26972102 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-016-0636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humoral hypercalcemia due to a gastric carcinoma-secreting parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a rare disease associated with poor prognosis. A 61-year-old male with gastric cancer who had been receiving chemotherapy showed serum hypercalcemia and an elevated level of serum PTHrP with a suppressed intact parathyroid hormone level. Computed tomography revealed stable disease 4 weeks prior, and the laboratory examination revealed no adverse effects 2 weeks prior. The biopsy at the time of diagnosis was immunohistochemically positive for PTHrP later. Despite intensive care, the patient died of multiorgan failure on the 14th day after admission. In case of undifferentiated gastric cancer, the possibility of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy caused by gastric cancer should be considered even when the patient is receiving chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Iino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Shimoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yui Akemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takasato Igarashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Juichi Sakamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki Municipal Hospital, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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18
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Liu A, Li Y, Wang Y, Liu L, Shi H, Qiu Y. Exogenous Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Promotes Fracture Healing in Lepr(-/-) Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:581-91. [PMID: 26314884 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic osteoporosis continues to surge worldwide, increasing the risk of fracture. We have previously demonstrated that haploinsufficiency of endogenous parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) impairs fracture healing. However, whether an exogenous supply of PTHrP can repair bone damage and accelerate fracture healing remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of PTHrP in healing fractures. Standardized mid-diaphyseal femur fractures were generated in 12-week-old wild-type and leptin receptor null Lepr(-/-) mice. After administration of PTHrP for 2 weeks, callus tissue properties were analyzed by radiography, micro-computed tomography, histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology techniques. At 2 weeks post-fracture, cartilaginous callus areas were reduced, while total callus and bony callus areas were increased in PTHrP-treated Lepr(-/-) animals and control wild-type mice, compared with vehicle-treated Lepr(-/-) mice. The following parameters were enhanced both in Lepr(-/-) mice after treatment with PTHrP and vehicle-treated wild-type animals, compared with vehicle-treated Lepr(-/-) mice: osteoblast numbers; tissue alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Type I collagen immunopositive areas; mRNA levels of ALP, Type I collagen, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B ligand; protein levels of Runt-related transcription factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor-1; and the number and surface of osteoclasts. In conclusion, exogenous PTHrP by subcutaneous injection promotes fracture repair in Lepr(-/-) mice by increasing callus formation and accelerating cell transformation: upregulated osteoblastic gene and protein expression, increased endochondral bone formation, osteoblastic bone formation, and osteoclastic bone resorption. However, complete repair was not obtained in PTHrP-treated Lepr(-/-) mice as in control wild-type animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anlong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yishan Li
- Department of International Training, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongfei Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Kushnir MM, Rockwood AL, Strathmann FG, Frank EL, Straseski JA, Meikle AW. LC-MS/MS Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide. Clin Chem 2015; 62:218-26. [PMID: 26578690 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2015.244012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is involved in activating pathways, allowing tumor cells to form bone metastases. Measurement of PTHrP is used for the diagnosis and clinical management of patients suspected of hypercalcemia of malignancy. We developed an LC-MS/MS method for measuring PTHrP, established sex-specific reference intervals, and assessed the method's performance. METHODS PTHrP was enriched from plasma samples with rabbit polyclonal anti-PTHrP antibody conjugated to magnetic beads. Enriched PTHrP was digested with trypsin, and PTHrP-specific tryptic peptide was analyzed with 2-dimensional LC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode. RESULTS The lower limit of quantification was 0.6 pmol/L, and the upper limit of linearity was 600 pmol/L. Total imprecision was <10%. Very poor agreement was observed with the RIA (n = 207; Deming regression RIA = 0.059 × LC-MS/MS - 1.8, r = 0.483; Sy|x = 3.9). Evaluation of the clinical performance of the assay using samples from patients with and without hypercalcemia (n = 199) resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.874. In sets of consecutively analyzed routine samples of patients assessed for hypercalcemia, the PTHrP positivity rate by RIA (n = 1376) was 1.9%, and 26.6% by LC-MS/MS (n = 1705). Concentrations were below the lower limit of quantification in 95.6% of the samples by RIA and 2.0% by LC-MS/MS. CONCLUSIONS PTHrP is a normal constituent in circulating blood and its concentrations are substantially underestimated by commercial RIAs, causing false-negative results in samples from patients suspected of hypercalcemia. Our observations suggest a link between increased concentrations of PTHrP in postmenopausal women with low body mass index and increased incidence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Kushnir
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology and
| | - Alan L Rockwood
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology and
| | - Frederick G Strathmann
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology and
| | - Elizabeth L Frank
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology and
| | - Joely A Straseski
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Pathology and
| | - A Wayne Meikle
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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20
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21
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Schutt RC, Bibawy J, Elnemr M, Lehnert AL, Putney D, Thomas AS, Barker CM, Pratt CM. Case report: Severe hypercalcemia mimicking ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2014; 10:193-7. [PMID: 25574349 PMCID: PMC4280246 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-10-3-193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram is an integral part of decision making in patients who present with suspected ischemia. Unfortunately, ST-segment elevation is nonspecific and may be caused by noncardiac causes such as electrolyte abnormalities. We present a case of ST-segment elevation secondary to hypercalcemia in a patient with metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Schutt
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - John Bibawy
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Mina Elnemr
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy L Lehnert
- University of Houston, College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas
| | - David Putney
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Colin M Barker
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Craig M Pratt
- Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas ; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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22
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Zheng L, Zhu K, Jiao H, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Liu M, Deng W, Chen D, Yao Z, Xiao G. PTHrP expression in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is critical for tumor growth and survival and osteoblast inhibition. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:830-41. [PMID: 23983616 PMCID: PMC3753447 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) derived from human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells on the tumor growth and osteoblast inhibition. Results revealed that knocking down PTHrP expression in the breast cancer cells strikingly inhibited the formation of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. PTHrP knockdown dramatically decreased the levels of cyclins D1 and A1 proteins and arrested the cell cycle progression at the G1 stage. PTHrP knockdown led to the cleavage of Caspase 8 and induced apoptosis of the tumor cells. Interestingly, knocking down PTHrP increased the levels of Beclin1 and LC3-II and promoted the formation of autophagosomes. Knocking down PTHrP expression significantly reduced the abilities of the breast cancer cells to inhibit osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that PTHrP activated its own expression through an autocrine mechanism in MDA-MB-231 cells. Collectively, these studies suggest that targeting PTHrP expression in the tumor cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancers, especially those with skeletal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry of China, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Hiremath M, Wysolmerski J. Parathyroid hormone-related protein specifies the mammary mesenchyme and regulates embryonic mammary development. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2013; 18:171-7. [PMID: 23640717 PMCID: PMC3696739 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Parathyroid Hormone related Protein (PTHrP) is a critical regulator of mammary gland morphogenesis in the mouse embryo. Loss of PTHrP, or its receptor, PTHR1, results in arrested mammary buds at day 15 of embryonic development (E15). In contrast, overexpression of PTHrP converts the ventral epidermis into hairless nipple skin. PTHrP signaling appears to be critical for mammary mesenchyme specification, which in turn maintains mammary epithelial identity, directs bud outgrowth, disrupts the male mammary rudiment and specifies the formation of the nipple. In the embryonic mammary bud, PTHrP exerts its effects on morphogenesis, in part, through epithelial-stromal crosstalk mediated by Wnt and BMP signaling. Recently, PTHLH has been identified as a strong candidate for a novel breast cancer susceptibility locus, although PTHrP's role in breast cancer has not been clearly defined. The effects of PTHrP on the growth of the embryonic mammary rudiment and its invasion into the dermis may, in turn, have connections to the role of PTHrP in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoti Hiremath
- S-128 Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, S120 TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520
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Hernandez LL, Gregerson KA, Horseman ND. Mammary gland serotonin regulates parathyroid hormone-related protein and other bone-related signals. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1009-15. [PMID: 22318950 PMCID: PMC3774078 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00666.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cells drive bone demineralization during lactation and metastatic cancers. A shared mechanism among these physiological and pathological states is endocrine secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which acts through osteoblasts to stimulate osteoclastic bone demineralization. The regulation of PTHrP has not been accounted for fully by any conventional mammotropic stimuli or tumor growth factors. Serotonin (5-HT) synthesis within breast epithelial cells is induced during lactation and in advancing breast cancer. Here we report that serotonin deficiency (knockout of tryptophan hydroxylase-1) results in a reduction of mammary PTHrP expression during lactation, which is rescued by restoring 5-HT synthesis. 5-HT induced PTHrP expression in lactogen-primed mammary epithelial cells from either mouse or cow. In human breast cancer cells 5-HT induced both PTHrP and the metastasis-associated transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1. Based on receptor expression and pharmacological evidence, the 5-HT2 receptor type was implicated as being critical for induction of PTHrP and Runx2. These results connect 5-HT synthesis to the induction of bone-regulating factors in the normal mammary gland and in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Pathogenesis of Metastatic Calcification and Acute Pancreatitis in Adult T-Cell Leukemia under Hypercalcemic State. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011. [PMID: 23198151 PMCID: PMC3504271 DOI: 10.1155/2012/128617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). Hypercalcemia is common in patients with ATL. These patients rarely develop metastatic calcification and acute pancreatitis. The underlying pathogenesis of this condition is osteoclast hyperactivity with associated overproduction of parathyroid hormone-related protein, which results in hypercalcemia in association with bone demineralization. The discovery of the osteoclast differentiation factor receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), its receptor RANK, and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), enhanced our understanding of the mechanisms of ATL-associated hypercalcemia. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1-α, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 are important molecules that enhance the migration and differentiation of osteoclasts and the associated enhanced production of RANKL for osteoblast formation. In this paper, we focus on metastatic calcification and acute pancreatitis in ATL, highlighting recent advances in the understanding of the molecular role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG system including its interaction with various cytokines and calciotropic hormones in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis for bone resorption in hypercalcemic ATL patients.
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Visnyei K, Shahrokni A, Hashmi S, Orell J, Wild DMG. A case of groans, moans and stones with malignant undertones: Endometrioid carcinoma-associated hypercalcemia. Oncol Lett 2011; 3:335-337. [PMID: 22740907 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2011.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is frequently observed in patients with solid tumors. However, few instances have been described involving patients with gynecological malignancies. We report a case of endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus in a patient who initially presented with hypercalcemia. The elevated calcium levels were found to be the result of an increased serum concentration of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP). PTHrP is commonly secreted by malignant cells and suppresses PTH. This case demonstrates that endometrial cancer should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with symptomatic or asymptomatic hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koppany Visnyei
- Department of Medicine, Griffin Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, Derby, CT
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27
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Guelcher SA, Sterling JA. Contribution of bone tissue modulus to breast cancer metastasis to bone. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2011; 4:247-59. [PMID: 21789687 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Certain tumors, such as breast, frequently metastasize to bone where they can induce bone destruction. Currently, it is well-accepted that the tumor cells are influenced by other cells and growth factors present in the bone microenvironment that lead to tumor-induced bone disease. Over the past 20 years, many groups have studied this process and determined the major contributing factors; however, these results do not fully explain the changes in gene expression and cell behavior that occur when tumor cells metastasize to bone. More recently, groups studying metastasis from soft tissue sites have determined that the rigidity of the microenvironment, which increases during tumor progression in soft tissue, can regulate tumor cell behavior and gene expression. Therefore, we began to investigate the role of the rigid bone extracellular matrix in the regulation of genes that stimulate tumor-induced bone disease. We found that the rigidity of bone specifically regulates parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and Gli2 expression in a transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and mechanotransduction-dependent mechanism. In this review, we summarize the mechanotransduction signaling pathway and how this influences TGF-β signaling and osteolytic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Guelcher
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2400 Highland Avenue, 107 Olin Hall, Nashville, TN, 37235-1604, USA,
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28
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Abstract
Hypercalcaemia is commonly seen in the context of parathyroid dysfunction and malignancy and, when severe, can precipitate Life-threatening sequelae. The differential of hypercalcaemia is broad and can be categorized based on parathyroid hormone (PTH) Levels. The acute management of severe hypercalcaemia is discussed along with a brief review of therapeutic advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Carroll
- Correspondence to: Richard Carroll, MB, ChB Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Glenn Matfin
- Glenn Matfin, MSc (Oxon), MB ChB, FFPM, FACE, FACP, FRCP Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; and Division of Endocrinology, New York University School of Medicine New York, NY, USA
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29
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Childs J, Rathur H, Norris A. An unusual case of hypercalcaemia. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2010; 71:412-3. [PMID: 20631661 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2010.71.7.49004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Childs
- Department of General Medicine, North Manchester General Hospital
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30
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Shivnani SB, Shelton JM, Richardson JA, Maalouf NM. Hypercalcemia of malignancy with simultaneous elevation in serum parathyroid hormone--related peptide and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Endocr Pract 2009; 15:234-9. [PMID: 19364692 DOI: 10.4158/ep.15.3.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the cause of refractory hypercalcemia in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. METHODS We describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunostain findings in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and hypercalcemia of malignancy refractory to intravenous bisphosphonates. RESULTS A 57-year-old man with a remote history of clear cell renal cell carcinoma was referred to our clinic for evaluation of resistant hypercalcemia 12 years after nephrectomy. The patient had simultaneous elevation of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Computed tomographic scan of the chest and abdomen demonstrated numerous ring-enhancing lesions in the liver, and histologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed liver tissue infiltrated by a malignant neoplasm composed of cells with clear and eosinophilic cytoplasm, arranged in tubules and nests. Findings were morphologically consistent with renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type, and positive immunostaining with the epithelial markers EMA and CAM 5.2 were supportive of the morphologic impression of renal cell carcinoma. The tumor showed expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase by immunostaining. After failing to respond to intravenous bisphosphonates, the hypercalcemia improved with prednisone treatment. CONCLUSIONS In some patients with renal cell carcinoma, hypercalcemia of malignancy is associated with simultaneous elevation in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. As our case exemplifies, it is imperative to identify such patients because hypercalcemia due to elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels may respond better to glucocorticoid treatment than to the conventional bisphosphonate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika B Shivnani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8885, USA
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31
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Nadella MVP, Kisseberth WC, Nadella KS, Thudi NK, Thamm DH, McNiel EA, Yilmaz A, Boris-Lawrie K, Rosol TJ. NOD/SCID mouse model of canine T-cell lymphoma with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy: cytokine gene expression profiling and in vivo bioluminescent imaging. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 6:39-54. [PMID: 19178662 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from B or T lymphocytes. In dogs, one-third of lymphomas are highly aggressive multicentric T-cell lymphomas that are often associated with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy (HHM). There are no cell lines or animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in dogs. We developed the first xenograft model by injecting lymphoma cells from an Irish Wolfhound intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. The mice developed multicentric lymphoma along with HHM and increased parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as occurs in dogs with T-cell lymphoma. Using cytokine complementary DNA arrays, we identified genes that have potential implications in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of T-cell lymphoma samples from hypercalcaemic canine patients showed that PTHrP likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HHM and that hypercalcaemia is the result of a combinatorial effect of different hypercalcaemic factors. Finally, we monitored in vivo tumour progression and metastases in the mouse model by transducing the lymphoma cells with a lentiviral vector that encodes a luciferase-yellow fluorescent protein reporter and showed that in vivo trafficking patterns in this model were similar to those seen in dogs. This unique mouse model will be useful for translational research in lymphoma and for investigating the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoma and HHM in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V P Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
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32
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Marynick SP. Miller S. (Steve) Bell, MD, Remembered. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2008.11928386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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33
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34
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Nadella MVP, Dirksen WP, Nadella KS, Shu S, Cheng AS, Morgenstern JA, Richard V, Fernandez SA, Huang TH, Guttridge D, Rosol TJ. Transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein promoter P2 by NF-kappaB in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia 2007; 21:1752-62. [PMID: 17554373 PMCID: PMC2676796 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a primary role in the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) that occurs in the majority of patients with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) due to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. We previously showed that ATLL cells constitutively express high levels of PTHrP via activation of promoters P2 and P3, resulting in HHM. In this study, we characterized a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding site in the P2 promoter of human PTHrP. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we detected a specific complex in Tax-expressing human T cells composed of p50/c-Rel, and two distinct complexes in ATLL cells consisting of p50/p50 homodimers and a second unidentified protein(s). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed in vivo binding of p50 and c-Rel on the PTHrP P2 promoter. Using transient co-transfection with NF-kappaB expression plasmids and PTHrP P2 luciferase reporter-plasmid, we showed that NF-kappaB p50/p50 alone and p50/c-Rel or p50/Bcl-3 cooperatively upregulated the PTHrP P2 promoter. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-kappaB activity by Bay 11-7082 reduced PTHrP P2 promoter-initiated transcripts in HTLV-1-infected T cells. In summary, the data demonstrated that transcriptional regulation of PTHrP in ATLL cells can be controlled by NF-kappaB activation and also suggest a Tax-independent mechanism of activation of PTHrP in ATLL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
- Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HTLV-I Infections/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- NF-kappa B/physiology
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Plasmids
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcriptional Activation
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- MVP Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - WP Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - KS Nadella
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Shu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - AS Cheng
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - JA Morgenstern
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - V Richard
- Pfizer, Sandwich Laboratories, Kent, UK
| | - SA Fernandez
- Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TH Huang
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Guttridge
- Human Cancer Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - TJ Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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35
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Marynick SP. Miller S. (Steve) Bell, MD, Remembered. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2007.11928256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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36
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Fiaschi-Taesch N, Sicari BM, Ubriani K, Bigatel T, Takane KK, Cozar-Castellano I, Bisello A, Law B, Stewart AF. Cellular mechanism through which parathyroid hormone-related protein induces proliferation in arterial smooth muscle cells: definition of an arterial smooth muscle PTHrP/p27kip1 pathway. Circ Res 2006; 99:933-42. [PMID: 17023675 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000248184.21644.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is present in vascular smooth muscle (VSM), is markedly upregulated in response to arterial injury, is essential for normal VSM proliferation, and also markedly accentuates neointima formation following rat carotid angioplasty. PTHrP contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) through which it enters the nucleus and leads to marked increases in retinoblastoma protein (pRb) phosphorylation and cell cycle progression. Our goal was to define key cell cycle molecules upstream of pRb that mediate cell cycle acceleration induced by PTHrP. The cyclin D/cdk-4,-6 system and its upstream regulators, the inhibitory kinases (INKs), are not appreciably influenced by PTHrP. In striking contrast, cyclin E/cdk-2 kinase activity is markedly increased by PTHrP, and this is a result of a specific, marked, PTHrP-induced proteasomal degradation of p27(kip1). Adenoviral restoration of p27(kip1) fully reverses PTHrP-induced cell cycle progression, indicating that PTHrP mediates its cell cycle acceleration in VSM via p27(kip1). In confirmation, adenoviral delivery of PTHrP to murine primary vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) significantly decreases p27(kip1) expression and accelerates cell cycle progression. p27(kip1) is well known to be a central cell cycle regulatory molecule involved in both normal and pathological VSM proliferation and is a target of widely used drug-eluting stents. The current observations define a novel "PTHrP/p27(kip1) pathway" in the arterial wall and suggest that this pathway is important in normal arterial biology and a potential target for therapeutic manipulation of the arterial response to injury.
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Choi YL, Tsukasaki K, O'Neill MC, Yamada Y, Onimaru Y, Matsumoto K, Ohashi J, Yamashita Y, Tsutsumi S, Kaneda R, Takada S, Aburatani H, Kamihira S, Nakamura T, Tomonaga M, Mano H. A genomic analysis of adult T-cell leukemia. Oncogene 2006; 26:1245-55. [PMID: 16909099 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an intractable malignancy of CD4+ T cells that is etiologically associated with infection by human T-cell leukemia virus-type I. Most individuals in the chronic stage of ATL eventually undergo progression to a highly aggressive acute stage. To clarify the mechanism responsible for this stage progression, we isolated CD4+ cells from individuals in the chronic (n=19) or acute (n=22) stages of ATL and subjected them to profiling of gene expression with DNA microarrays containing >44,000 probe sets. Changes in chromosome copy number were also examined for 24 cell specimens with the use of microarrays harboring approximately 50,000 probe sets. Stage-dependent changes in gene expression profile and chromosome copy number were apparent. Furthermore, expression of the gene for MET, a receptor tyrosine kinase for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), was shown to be specific to the acute stage of ATL, and the plasma concentration of HGF was increased in individuals in either the acute or chronic stage. HGF induced proliferation of a MET-positive ATL cell line, and this effect was blocked by antibodies to HGF. The HGF-MET signaling pathway is thus a potential therapeutic target for ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Choi
- Division of Functional Genomics, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsukeshi, Tochigi, Japan
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Nakata K, Ohtsuka T, Sato S, Tanaka M, Shimonishi T, Mori D, Nakafusa Y, Miyazaki K. Esophageal carcinoma with humoral hypercalcemia and leukocytosis successfully treated by a two-stage operation: report of a case. Esophagus 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10388-005-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
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40
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Kumari R, Robertson JF, Watson SA. Nuclear targeting of a midregion PTHrP fragment is necessary for stimulating growth in breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:49-59. [PMID: 16450371 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid-hormone related protein (PTHrP) is the primary factor in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and is highly secreted by breast cancers. The pro-hormone undergoes post-translational processing and cleavage to give rise to mature secretory peptides, one of which is midregion PTHrP (38-94/95/101) containing a nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) in amino acids (87-106). The current study investigates whether the NLS in midregion PTHrP is important in breast cancer growth. PTHrP-(67-101), a midregion PTHrP fragment containing NLS-(87-101) significantly increased growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells (126.3 and 121.3% of control respectively in serum conditions), independent of PTHR1 whereas PTHrP-(67-86), which lacks the NLS did not. Fluorescent-labelled PTHrP-(67-101) translocated to the nucleus, whereas PTHrP-(67-86) remained cytosolic and a scrambled(+NLS) peptide was not internalised. In comparison, no growth influence or uptake was seen in non-tumour breast cells (Hs578Bst). Increases in intracellular calcium mobilisation were observed in breast cancer cells stimulated with both PTHrP-(67-101) and PTHrP-(67-86) (EC(50) of 3.2 pM and 2.2 pM respectively for MCF-7 cells), whereas inositide turnover was not detected. Both nuclear uptake and calcium signalling were attenuated in the presence of EGTA, but not with U73122 or N-terminal PTHrP peptides. Our studies indicate that the NLS-containing midregion PTHrP peptide is dependent on both internalisation and nuclear translocation to induce growth in breast cancer cells. These findings highlight the importance of midregion PTHrP and its receptor in breast cancer growth and may provide potential targets for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Kumari
- Academic Unit of Cancer Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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41
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Shimonodan H, Nagayama J, Nagatoshi Y, Hatanaka M, Takada A, Iguchi H, Oda Y, Okamura J. Acute lymphocytic leukemia in adolescence with multiple osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia mediated by lymphoblast-producing parathyroid hormone-related peptide: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005; 45:333-9. [PMID: 15700250 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopathy is one of the common initial symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) in children and adolescents, but multiple osteolysis accompanied by hypercalcemia is rarely observed. PROCEDURE We treated a 14-year-old female who had multiple osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia at initial onset of ALL. In this case we examined some humoral factors, which are known to associate with hypercalcemia in malignancies. RESULTS Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) was elevated in serum, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry revealed that the lymphoblasts produced PTHrP directly. Other humoral factors related to hypercalcemia were not detected. ALL relapsed in the bone marrow 3 months after achieving complete remission, and hypercalcemia and elevation of serum PTHrP were also observed. A second remission could not be achieved and hypercalcemia continued. The patient received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. The serum calcium level became normal after the conditioning therapy. Before engraftment, however, the patient died of infection. CONCLUSIONS The present case suggests that blast-producing PTHrP might be associated with multiple osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia. PTHrP expressed in the lymphoblasts may, in itself, confer a survival advantage to lymphoblasts and contribute to the refractory nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemi Shimonodan
- Section of Pediatrics, National Kyushu Cancer Center, 3-1-1 Notame, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 811-1395, Japan
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42
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Richard V, Nadella MVP, Green PL, Lairmore MD, Feuer G, Foley JG, Rosol TJ. Transcriptional regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein promoter P3 by ETS-1 in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Leukemia 2005; 19:1175-83. [PMID: 15889157 PMCID: PMC2661941 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a primary role in the development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy seen in the majority of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) patients with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. HTLV-1 Tax has been shown to complex with ETS-1 and SP1 to transactivate the PTHrP P3 promoter. Previously, we established a SCID/bg mouse model of human ATL with RV-ATL cells and showed that PTHrP expression was independent of Tax. In this study, we report an inverse correlation of PTHrP with tax/rex mRNA in multiple HTLV-1-positive cell lines and RV-ATL cells. Stimulation of Jurkat T cells with PMA/ionomycin upregulated the PTHrP P3 promoter by a previously characterized Ets binding site and also induced protein/DNA complex formation identical to that observed in RV-ATL cells. Further, we provide evidence that cotransfection with Ets-1 and constitutively active Mek-1 in HTLV-1-negative transformed T cells with stimulation by PMA/ionomycin not only resulted in a robust induction of PTHrP P3 but also formed a complex with ETS-1/P3 EBS similar to that in ATLL cells. Our data demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of PTHrP in ATLL cells can be controlled by T-cell receptor signaling and the ETS and MAPK ERK pathway in a Tax-independent manner.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Gene Products, rex/genetics
- Gene Products, rex/metabolism
- Gene Products, tax/genetics
- Gene Products, tax/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/metabolism
- HTLV-I Infections/virology
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics
- Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/genetics
- Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- V Richard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - MVP Nadella
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - PL Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - MD Lairmore
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G Feuer
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - JG Foley
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - TJ Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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43
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Anjos L, Rotllant J, Guerreiro PM, Hang X, Canario AVM, Balment R, Power DM. Production and characterisation of gilthead sea bream (Sparus auratus) recombinant parathyroid hormone related protein. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2005; 143:57-65. [PMID: 15993105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2004] [Revised: 02/22/2005] [Accepted: 02/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The production and purification of gilthead sea bream recombinant parathyroid hormone related protein [sbPTHrP(1-125)] using an Escherichia coli system and one step purification process with continuous elution gel electrophoresis is reported. The cDNA encoding sbPTHrP(1-125) was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector pET-11a. The recombinant plasmid was used to transfect E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS and sbPTHrP(1-125) synthesis was induced by addition of 1mM isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside. The rapid one step isolation method gave pure sbPTHrP(1-125) as judged by SDS-PAGE and yielded up to 40mg/L of culture medium (3.3mg protein/g of bacteria). The bioactivity of recombinant sbPTHrP(1-125) assessed using an in vitro scale bioassay was found to be equipotent to PTHrP(1-34) in stimulating cAMP accumulation. Assessment of the immunological reactivity of the isolated protein by Western blot revealed it cross-reacts with antisera specific for the N-terminal and C-terminal region of PTHrP. In a radioimmunoassay specific for piscine N-terminal (1-34aa) PTHrP, the recombinant sbPTHrP(1-125) was equipotent with PTHrP(1-34) in displacing labelled (125)I-PTHrP(1-36) PTHrP from the antisera. The availability of recombinant sbPTHrP will allow the development of region specific assays and studies aimed at defining post-secretory processing of this protein and its biological activity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Anjos
- Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology Group, CCMAR, CIMAR-Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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44
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Shen X, Falzon M. PTH-related protein enhances LoVo colon cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, and integrin expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 125:17-27. [PMID: 15582709 DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2004.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has been localized in human colon cancer tissue and cell lines. Tumor cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins plays a major role in the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and is mediated via integrin subunits. The LoVo human colon cancer cell line was used as a model system to study the effects of PTHrP on cell proliferation and adhesion to ECM proteins found in normal liver. Clones of LoVo cells engineered to overexpress PTHrP by stable transfection with a PTHrP cDNA showed enhanced cell proliferation vs. control (empty vector-transfected) cells. PTHrP-overexpressing cells also showed significantly higher adhesion to collagen type I, fibronectin, and laminin, and enhanced expression of the [symbol: see text] integrin subunits. These results indicate that PTHrP may play a role in colon cancer invasion and metastasis by increasing cell proliferation and adhesion to the ECM via upregulation of proinvasive integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 10th and Market Streets, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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45
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Kobayashi T, Kronenberg HM, Foley J. Reduced expression of the PTH/PTHrP receptor during development of the mammary gland influences the function of the nipple during lactation. Dev Dyn 2005; 233:794-803. [PMID: 15880431 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related protein receptor (Ppr) is necessary for mammary gland development beyond the early induction stage in mice. We used a series of murine models of reduced Ppr expression to determine how diminished receptor signaling influences mammary development. Reduction of Ppr expression to very low levels prevented mammary gland development. A less-severe reduction in Ppr expression permitted progression of mammary gland development beyond the induction stage, but the nipples of these mice were dramatically smaller than those of controls, with altered epidermis and connective tissue. Mothers with reduced expression of Ppr could not successfully nurse pups; however, the lactating glands did produce milk but could not efficiently deliver it. This finding was associated with reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and an absence of pregnancy-associated remodeling of connective tissue matrix in the nipple. Reduced smooth muscle appears to underlie the majority of nipple deficiencies in mice with lower levels of the Ppr expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kobayashi
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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46
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Matsumura M, Bhatt AS, Andress D, Clegg N, Takayama TK, Craik CS, Nelson PS. Substrates of the prostate-specific serine protease prostase/KLK4 defined by positional-scanning peptide libraries. Prostate 2005; 62:1-13. [PMID: 15389820 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostase/KLK4 is a member of the human kallikrein (KLK) gene family that is expressed in prostate epithelial cells under the regulation of androgenic hormones. In this study, we sought to characterize the substrate specificity of KLK4 in order to gain insight into potential physiological roles of the enzyme. METHODS A chimeric form of KLK4 was constructed in which the pro-region of KLK4 was replaced with the signal and propeptide sequence of trypsinogen (proT-KLK4) to create an activation site susceptible to enterokinase cleavage. proT-KLK4 was expressed in Drosophila S2 cells, purified, and activated with enterokinase to generate mature KLK4. The extended substrate specificity of KLK4 was defined by screening tetrapeptide positional scanning synthetic combinatorial libraries (PS-SCL). RESULTS The preferred P1-P4 positions as determined by PS-SCL were: P1-Arg; P2-Gln/Leu/Val; P3-Gln/Ser/Val; P4-Ile/Val. The trypsin-like specificity of KLK4 was further confirmed using synthetic chromogenic peptides. Based upon the optimal cleavage site residues, a database search for potential KLK4 substrates identified several proteins with potential roles mediating normal prostate physiology or neoplastic growth including KLK3/PSA, parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP), and members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family. Recombinant KLK4 was able to activate pro-PSA/KLK3 and degrade members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein (IGFBP) family. CONCLUSIONS These results identify potential KLK4 substrates that may serve to define the role of this protease in normal prostate physiology, and facilitate studies of the consequences of KLK4 expression in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Matsumura
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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47
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Komatsu Y, Imai Y, Itoh F, Kojima M, Isaji M, Shibata N. Rat model of the hypercalcaemia induced by parathyroid hormone-related protein: characteristics of three bisphosphonates. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 507:317-24. [PMID: 15659323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2004] [Revised: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 11/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In our preliminary experiment, we found that a constant infusion of a high dose of parathyroid hormone-related protein induced both hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia, secondary to renal dysfunction. Therefore, in this study, we developed two types of parathyroid hormone-related protein-induced hypercalcaemia models. One is the hypercalcaemia model, which did not show renal-dysfunction-induced hypocalcaemia. This model might be suitable for estimating hypocalcaemic activities of drugs, especially of those that act on bone resorption. The other is the model for estimating histological changes, which is associated with renal dysfunction. We then used these models to investigate the effects of three different bisphosphonates. Since the hypercalcaemic effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein infusion plateaued at 20 pmol/h, and higher doses of parathyroid hormone-related protein caused an elevation of blood urea nitrogen, the parathyroid hormone-related protein infusion rate was fixed at 20 pmol/h to avoid renal dysfunction and at 40 pmol/h to elicit renal dysfunction. The hypocalcaemic efficiencies of clodronate and etidronate were almost the same but pamidronate was 17.9 times more potent than clodronate. Additionally, both clodronate and pamidronate decreased the plasma concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and the Ca2+ times inorganic P product, whereas etidronate lacked these effects. Clodronate suppressed renal calcification and tubular dilatation in the renal-dysfunction model. These data indicated that clodronate and pamidronate not only decrease the plasma Ca2+ concentration but also improve the renal dysfunction induced by hypercalcaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Komatsu
- Central Research Laboratory, R&D, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 4365-1, Kashiwabara, Hotaka, Minamiazumi, Nagano 399-8304, Japan.
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48
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Brawner JT, Zitsch RP. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide as a cause of hypercalcemia in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A case presentation and subject review. Head Neck 2004; 26:382-4. [PMID: 15054743 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum levels of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) can be elevated with malignancy and cause hypercalcemia, which has been associated with a poor prognosis. METHODS We present a case of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma with elevated serum PTHrP and hypercalcemia. The patient was acutely managed with intravenous fluids, furosemide, and zoledronic acid and then underwent a total laryngectomy and modified radical neck dissection. RESULTS.: The patient remains disease free and normocalcemic. CONCLUSION Curative treatment for patients with head and neck cancer should not be withheld solely on the basis of humoral hypecalcemia of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Travis Brawner
- University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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49
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Abstract
It is remarkable that phytoplankton and zooplankton have been producing vitamin D for more than 500 million years. The role of vitamin D in lower non-vertebrate life forms is not well understood. However, it is critically important that most vertebrates obtain an adequate source of vitamin D, either from exposure to sunlight or from their diet, in order to develop and maintain a healthy mineralized skeleton. Vitamin D deficiency is an unrecognized epidemic in most adults who are not exposed to adequate sunlight. This can precipitate and exacerbate osteoporosis and cause the painful bone disease osteomalacia. Once vitamin D is absorbed from the diet or made in the skin by the action of sunlight, it is metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and then in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. 1,25(OH)2D interacts with its nuclear receptor (VDR) in the intestine and bone in order to maintain calcium homeostasis. The VDR is also present in a wide variety of other tissues. 1,25(OH)2D interacts with these receptors to have a multitude of important physiological effects. In addition, it is now recognized that many tissues, including colon, breast and prostate, have the enzymatic machinery to produce 1,25(OH)2D. The insights into the new biological functions of 1,25(OH)2D in regulating cell growth, modulating the immune system and modulating the renin-angiotensin system provides an explanation for why diminished sun exposure at higher latitudes is associated with increased risk of dying of many common cancers, developing type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis, and having a higher incidence of hypertension. Another calciotropic hormone that is also produced in the skin, parathyroid hormone-related peptide, is also a potent inhibitor of squamous cell proliferation. The use of agonists and antagonists for PTHrP has important clinical applications for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases and disorders of hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Holick
- Vitamin D Laboratory, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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50
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Richard V, Luchin A, Brena RM, Plass C, Rosol TJ. Quantitative evaluation of alternative promoter usage and 3' splice variants for parathyroid hormone-related protein by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Clin Chem 2003; 49:1398-402. [PMID: 12881458 DOI: 10.1373/49.8.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virgile Richard
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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