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Yavarian J, Shatizadeh Malekshahi S, Yavarian R, Yazdani S, Janani L, Shafiei Jandaghi NZ, Kiani SJ, Ahamadkhaniha H. Type specific Real time PCR for detection of human herpes virus 6 in schizophrenia and bipolar patients: a case control study. BMC Psychiatry 2015; 15:296. [PMID: 26584549 PMCID: PMC4653940 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-015-0662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SC) and bipolar disorder (BD) are among the most devastating diseases worldwide. There are several lines of evidence suggesting that viruses may play significant roles in the etiology of these mental disorders. The aim of this study was the detection of HHV-6A/B in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of SC and BD patients versus the healthy control (HC) subjects using a new method of type-specific Real time PCR analysis. METHODS A type-specific Real time PCR was performed for simultaneous detection and typing of HHV-6A/B in the PBMCs of 120 SC and BD patients and 75 HCs. RESULTS Only one case of HHV-6B out of 120 (0.8 %) SC and BD patients and two cases of HHV-6A (2.7 %) in 75 HCs were detected. CONCLUSIONS The low levels of HHV-6 detection in PBMCs, severely limited the capacity of this study to investigate the association between the presence of HHV-6 and BD or SC in this population, thus no conclusions can be drawn in this regard. Meanwhile this study introduces a Real time PCR based method for type specific detection of HHV-6A/B in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jila Yavarian
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Roya Yavarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, West Azarbayejan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Yazdani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - HamidReza Ahamadkhaniha
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Crucial Role of Viral Reactivation in the Development of Severe Drug Eruptions: a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 49:192-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-014-8421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mariotte E, Schnell D, Scieux C, Agbalika F, Legoff J, Ribaud P, Boissel N, Schlemmer B, Azoulay E. Significance of herpesvirus 6 in BAL fluid of hematology patients with acute respiratory failure. Infection 2011; 39:225-30. [PMID: 21538037 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-011-0114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) is an emerging cause of interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. However, the clinical significance of a positive PCR test for HHV6 in respiratory samples from patients with hematological malignancies remains unclear. METHODS We retrospectively studied the features and outcomes of 29 critically ill hematology patients with acute respiratory failure and lung pulmonary infiltrates visible on a chest radiograph, who tested positive for a qualitative PCR for HHV6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS Of the 29 patients, 18 (62%) were stem cell transplant recipients and 11 (38%) had received chemotherapy. All patients had a fever. Clinical manifestations consistent with extra-pulmonary HHV6 disease were noted in 17 (59%) patients. One or more co-pathogens were found in 25 (86%) patients. The four remaining patients diagnosed with HHV6 pneumonia and subsequently recovered with foscarnet therapy. Antiviral therapy was also given to seven patients with co-infections, of whom two ultimately died. CONCLUSIONS In most cases, HHV6 recovered from BAL fluid is a co-pathogen whose clinical relevance remains undetermined. However, in some cases, HHV6 is the only pathogen, along with disseminated systemic viral disease, and the patient is likely to benefit from foscarnet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mariotte
- Medical ICU, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, Paris, France
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Agut H. Infections aiguës à herpèsvirus humain 6 (HHV-6) : quand et comment traiter ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 59:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Emerging Viruses in Transplantation: There Is More to Infection After Transplant Than CMV and EBV. Transplantation 2008; 86:1327-39. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31818b6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Glotzbecker MP, Dormans JP, Pawel BR, Wills BP, Joshi Y, Elkan M, Hodinka RL. Langerhans cell histiocytosis and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), an analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Orthop Res 2006; 24:313-20. [PMID: 16479562 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) usually present to orthopedic surgeons because this disease most commonly affects bone. The pathogenesis of LCH is unknown, although roles for environmental, infectious, immunologic, and genetic causes have been postulated. More specifically, there is limited data suggesting that human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) may be a potential etiologic agent. Frozen biopsy material was obtained from 13 patients with LCH and 20 patients without the disease. After ensuring histologic adequacy of the material, the tissue was tested for HHV-6 by qualitative and quantitative real-time TaqMan PCR. Four of 13 patients with LCH had evidence of HHV-6 DNA in their tissue while 7 of 20 control patients tested positive for HHV-6 genome. Viral loads are reported for the positive patients; no statistical difference was observed in the presence or quantity of HHV-6 DNA found in either population, suggesting that the prevalence of HHV-6 in the tissue of LCH patients is the same as that found in tissue from individuals without disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Glotzbecker
- Harvard Combined Orthopedic Residency Program, 55 Fruit Street, VBK210 Boston, Massachusets 02114, USA
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Lacoste V, Verschoor EJ, Nerrienet E, Gessain A. A novel homologue of Human herpesvirus 6 in chimpanzees. J Gen Virol 2005; 86:2135-2140. [PMID: 16033960 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.81034-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the Betaherpesvirinae, human cytomegalovirus is the only virus to possess simian homologues. Indeed, intriguingly, no close simian homologue of the roseoloviruses Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), the other two human members of the Betaherpesvirinae, has been identified to date. Here, the first simian homologue of HHV-6 is described, which was identified in common chimpanzees and designated PanHV6. By using a degenerate consensus PCR method, three different gene fragments were amplified, corresponding to the DNA polymerase (U38), beta-chemokine receptor (U12) and viral transactivator (U42) genes, with 94-96 % (nucleotide) and 95-97 % (amino acid) sequence identity to the corresponding genes of HHV-6B. Analysis of 77 predominantly wild-caught chimpanzees identified a unique PanHV6 strain in 21 animals, with no viral sequence variation between the different chimpanzee subspecies that were found to be infected. Characterization of this virus represents a great potential to gain a better understanding of the diseases associated with HHV-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lacoste
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département EEMI, Bâtiment Lwoff, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Center (BPRC), Lange Kleiweg 139, 2288 GJ Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département EEMI, Bâtiment Lwoff, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
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Singh N. Interactions between viruses in transplant recipients. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:430-6. [PMID: 15668868 DOI: 10.1086/427214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral coinfections may modulate disease expression, enhance pathogenicity, and lead to greater cumulative immunosuppression in the host. The pathophysiological basis of these may be direct virus-virus interactions, effect of cohabitating viruses on host cell function, or impaired host immune responses. The interrelationship between viral pathogens has become increasingly more relevant and its scope wider as new or previously unrecognized viruses continue to emerge as pathogens in transplant recipients. The pathways and mediators that modulate biological activity represent potential targets for immunomodulatory interventions as adjunctive therapies for transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Singh
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. nis5+@pitt.edu
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Deborska D, Durlik M, Sadowska A, Matłosz B, Baczkowska T, Paczek L, Szmidt J, Rowiński W, Lao M. Human herpesvirus-6 and human herpesvirus-8 seroprevalence in kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 2002; 34:673-4. [PMID: 12009660 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Deborska
- Department of Transplantation Medicine and Nephrology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-006 Warsaw, Poland.
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Safdar A, Brown AE, Malkin M. Acute febrile myelodysplasia and pneumonitis due to human herpesvirus 6 after accelerated chemotherapy. Am J Med 2001; 111:329-30. [PMID: 11566468 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(01)00858-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformansInfection in Organ Transplant Recipients: Variables Influencing Clinical Characteristics and Outcome. Emerg Infect Dis 2001. [DOI: 10.3201/eid0703.017302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Husain S, Wagener MM, Singh N. Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients: variables influencing clinical characteristics and outcome. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7:375-81. [PMID: 11384512 PMCID: PMC2631789 DOI: 10.3201/eid0703.010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique clinical characteristics and other variables influencing the outcome of Cryptococcus neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients have not been well defined. From a review of published reports, we found that C. neoformans infection was documented in 2.8% of organ transplant recipients (overall death rate 42%). The type of primary immunosuppressive agent used in transplantation influenced the predominant clinical manifestation of cryptococcosis. Patients receiving tacrolimus were significantly less likely to have central nervous system involvement (78% versus 11%, p =0.001) and more likely to have skin, soft-tissue, and osteoarticular involvement (66% versus 21%, p = 0.006) than patients receiving nontacrolimus- based immunosuppression. Renal failure at admission was the only independently significant predictor of death in these patients (odds ratio 16.4, 95% CI 1.9-143, p = 0.004). Hypotheses based on these data may elucidate the pathogenesis and may ultimately guide the management of C. neoformans infection in organ transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Husain
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA
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Takatsuka H, Takemoto Y, Yamada S, Mori A, Okada M, Wada H, Fujimori Y, Okamoto T, Kanamaru A, Kakishita E. Herpesvirus Infection in Patients Following Bone Marrow Transplantation: Influence of Viral Reactivation on Prognosis. Hematology 2001; 5:441-5. [PMID: 27419347 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2001.11746541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are an important cause of death following bone marrow transplantation. We investigated the clinical significance of herpesvirus infection. The nine subjects consisted of five patients with CML, two with ALL, and one each with AML and the myelodysplastic syndrome. Viral markers were investigated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood lymphocytes before and 35 days after bone marrow transplantation, as well as in peripheral blood lymphocytes at 100 days afterwards. Cytomegalovirus DNA became positive in four patients after bone marrow transplantation. Human herpesvirus-6 DNA became positive in two patients and human herpesvirus 7 DNA became negative in the same two patients. Two of the nine patients died of disease recurrence. Two other patients died of complications, and both of them became positive human herpesvirus-6 after the procedure. These results suggested the possibility that infection with not only cytomegalovirus but also other human herpesvirus can influence the prognosis and complications of bone marrow tansplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takatsuka
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - Y Takemoto
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - S Yamada
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - A Mori
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - M Okada
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - H Wada
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - Y Fujimori
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
| | - T Okamoto
- b Third Department of Internal Medicine , Kinki University School of Medicine , Osaka , Japan
| | - A Kanamaru
- b Third Department of Internal Medicine , Kinki University School of Medicine , Osaka , Japan
| | - E Kakishita
- a Second Department of Internal Medicine , Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo , Osaka , Japan
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Abstract
The newer herpesviruses are being increasingly recognized as significant opportunistic pathogens in organ transplant recipients. Published data support the role of human herpesvirus-6 as a potential cause of encephalitis and bone marrow suppression in transplant setting. An association of human herpesvirus-6 with fungal infections and cytomegalovirus infection has also been documented. Human herpesvirus-7 also appears to be an immunomodulatory agent and may facilitate the pathogenicity of cytomegalovirus. Unlike human herpesviruses -6 and -7, human herpesvirus -8 is not ubiquitous; its seroprevalence exhibits wide geographic variation. Human herpesvirus-8 has been causally associated with post-transplant Kaposi's sarcoma. The complete spectrum of pathogenicity and ultimately the effective prophylaxis and management of these viruses has yet to be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Singh
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Pittsburgh, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. nis5+@pitt.edu
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Merelli E, Sola P, Barozzi P, Torelli G. An encephalitic episode in a multiple sclerosis patient with human herpesvirus 6 latent infection. J Neurol Sci 1996; 137:42-6. [PMID: 9120486 DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(95)00319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
All the human herpesviruses may cause central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including benign aseptic meningitis or fatal encephalitis. It has recently been stated that human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may also be neuropathogenic in children after primary infection, while in the adult, cases of fatal encephalitis have been reported only in immune-compromised hosts such as AIDS patients, and in one case of an immunosuppressed bone marrow transplant patient. We describe a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, carrier of HHV-6 latent infection, who experienced an acute inflammation of the CNS diagnosed as encephalitis. HHV-6 specific genomic sequences have been detected by PCR in the patient's PBMCs DNA collected before and during the encephalitis. The PCR performed in the CSF in course of the acute episode was positive, while the CSF collected before the encephalitis was negative. This finding is consistent with an acute encephalopathy caused by the reactivation of a HHV-6 latent infection within the CNS, in a patient with altered immune response due to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Merelli
- Neurology Department, University of Modena, Italy
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Agut H, Dupin N, Aubin JT, Calvez V. Novel human herpesviruses (human herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8). Clin Microbiol Infect 1996; 2:159-167. [PMID: 11866839 DOI: 10.1016/s1198-743x(14)65138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The number of members in the family Herpesviridae has increased in the last 10 years due to the description of three novel human herpesviruses: human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) in 1986, human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) in 1990, and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), in 1994. HHV-6 and HHV-7 were first isolated from blood lymphocyte cultures, while HHV-8 was identified following a specific molecular biology approach in the search for the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma. The three viruses are lymphotropic, T-cells being the targets of HHV-6 and HHV-7, and B-cells being probably those of HHV-8. The ability to be propagated in cell cultures in vitro differs according to the virus concerned: this can be done readily with HHV-6, with more difficulties in the case of HHV-7, and has not yet been achieved in the case of HHV-8. Human infection with HHV-6 and HHV-7 is ubiquitous, widespread and acquired early in life. HHV-8 epidemiology is still unclear, and there are two hypotheses: a restricted dissemination in the general population like herpes simplex virus type 2, or a widespread infection like all other human herpesviruses. The polymerase chain reaction is the common method for the detection of infection using specific primers and probes for HHV-6, HHV-7 and HHV-8 respectively. Serologic assays are only available for HHV-6 and HHV-7, with limitations being due, in particular, to possible cross-reactions with cytomegalovirus. HHV-6 is the causative agent of exanthem subitum (sixth disease). Its role as an opportunistic agent and immune dysfunction inducer is debated and currently under investigation. The pathogenic role of HHV-7 seems to be modest, with one case of exanthem subitum reported so far. HHV-8 is strongly associated with three diseases: Kaposi's sarcoma, Castleman's disease and body-cavity-based lymphomas. The therapy against these novel viruses has to be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Agut
- Virology Laboratory, CNRS EP57, CERVI, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, and
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Aspa J, Cardeñoso L. [Procedures of viral identification in respiratory infections]. Arch Bronconeumol 1995; 31:470-80. [PMID: 8520820 PMCID: PMC7131635 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(15)30868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/1995] [Accepted: 05/09/1995] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Aspa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid
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Aubin JT, Poirel L, Robert C, Huraux JM, Agut H. Identification of human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B by amplimer hybridization with variant-specific oligonucleotides and amplification with variant-specific primers. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:2434-40. [PMID: 7814479 PMCID: PMC264080 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.10.2434-2440.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Two distinct PCR-based procedures were evaluated for the detection and identification of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) variants A and B in uncultured human samples. Variant-specific oligonucleotide hybridization (VSOH) is based on the amplification of two distinct regions of the HHV-6 genome, followed by hybridization of amplimers with variant-specific oligonucleotide probes. Variant-specific primer PCR (VSPP) is based on the amplification of each variant by using variant-specific primers. The study of 10 well-characterized HHV-6 strains allowed us to demonstrate the high sensitivity and specificity of both methods. With variant mixtures, however, some limitations of VSOH were evidenced and VSPP was required to obtain unambiguous results. The combination of VSOH and VSPP was applied to the direct study of 300 peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from French subjects. HHV-6 was detected in 15 samples: 11 corresponded to variant B, 3 corresponded to variant A, and 1 corresponded to a mixture of both variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Aubin
- Laboratoire de Virologie-CNRS EP 57, C.E.R.V.I., Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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Wilborn F, Schmidt CA, Zimmermann R, Brinkmann V, Neipel F, Siegert W. Detection of herpesvirus type 6 by polymerase chain reaction in blood donors: random tests and prospective longitudinal studies. Br J Haematol 1994; 88:187-92. [PMID: 7803242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb04995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the prevalence of HHV-6 in blood donors, we examined 112 persons by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ELISA. HHV-6 antibodies could be detected in 107/111 (96.4%) of the donors. The median ELISA antibody level was 0.451 (range 0.056-0.914). 14 individuals (12.5%) were PCR positive in either oral lavage fluid, urine or buffy coat. Six persons (5.4%) were PCR positive in buffy coat samples. The prospective longitudinal analysis of 11 donors for periods between 7 and 13 weeks revealed that 4/6 persons who were initially PCR negative had positive tests in 9/63 weeks studied. Two persons were consistently PCR positive over the whole observation period of 12 and 13 weeks. HHV-6 variants could be determined in 14 persons as variant A in nine and variant B in five cases. These observations emphasize the high prevalence of HHV-6 and suggest that some blood donors carry detectable concentrations of the virus and therefore may be a source for transmission of HHV-6. The finding of positive PCR in antibody negative individuals suggests that antibody determination may not be sufficient to identify potentially infectious persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wilborn
- Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow, Abteilung für Innere Medizin mit Schwerpunkt Hämatologie und Onkologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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