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Zende R, Bharati AJ, Mannem MR, Bhatt P, Garai S, Upadhyay SK, Sankaranarayanan K. Electrostatic interactions mediated defibrillation of β-lactoglobulin fibrils using Keggin Polyoxometalates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 239:113941. [PMID: 38744079 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The whey protein β-lactoglobulin (βLG) forms fibrils similar to the amyloid fibrils in the neurodegenerative diseases due to its higher predisposition of β-sheets. This study shed light on the understanding different inorganic Keggin polyoxometalates (POMs) interaction with the protein βLG fibrils. POMs such as Phosphomolybdic acid (PMA), silicomolybdic acid (SMA), tungstosilicic acid (TSA), and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) were used due to their inherent higher anionic charges. The interaction studies were monitored with fluorescence spectra and Thioflavin T assay for both the βLG monomers and the fibrils initially to elucidate the binding ability of the POMs. The binding of POMs and βLG is also demonstrated by molecular docking studies. Zeta potential studies showed the electrostatic mediated higher interactions of the POMs with the protein fibrils. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies showed that the molybdenum containing POMs have higher affinity to the protein fibrils than the tungsten. This study could help understanding formation of food grade protein fibrils which have profound importance in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Zende
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Ashim Jyoti Bharati
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Mounish Reddy Mannem
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Priya Bhatt
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India
| | - Somenath Garai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Upadhyay
- Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; CSIR-IGIB, New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Kamatchi Sankaranarayanan
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, (An Autonomous Institute Under DST, Govt. of India), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam 781035, India.
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Wang T, Wang W, Jiang X, Mao J, Zhuo L, Liu M, Fu X, Yao X. ML-NPI: Predicting Interactions between Noncoding RNA and Protein Based on Meta-Learning in a Large-Scale Dynamic Graph. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:2912-2920. [PMID: 37920888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Deep learning methods can accurately study noncoding RNA protein interactions (NPI), which is of great significance in gene regulation, human disease, and other fields. However, the computational method for predicting NPI in large-scale dynamic ncRNA protein bipartite graphs is rarely discussed, which is an online modeling and prediction problem. In addition, the results published by researchers on the Web site cannot meet real-time needs due to the large amount of basic data and long update cycles. Therefore, we propose a real-time method based on the dynamic ncRNA-protein bipartite graph learning framework, termed ML-GNN, which can model and predict the NPIs in real time. Our proposed method has the following advantages: first, the meta-learning strategy can alleviate the problem of large prediction errors in sparse neighborhood samples; second, dynamic modeling of newly added data can reduce computational pressure and predict NPIs in real-time. In the experiment, we built a dynamic bipartite graph based on 300000 NPIs from the NPInterv4.0 database. The experimental results indicate that our model achieved excellent performance in multiple experiments. The code for the model is available at https://github.com/taowang11/ML-NPI, and the data can be downloaded freely at http://bigdata.ibp.ac.cn/npinter4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Mao
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410000, Changsha, China
| | - Linlin Zhuo
- Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingzhe Liu
- Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangzheng Fu
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macao, China
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Davidson B, Vetkas A, Germann J, Tang-Wai D, Lozano AM. Deep brain stimulation for Alzheimer's disease - current status and next steps. Expert Rev Med Devices 2024; 21:285-292. [PMID: 38573133 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2024.2337298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires novel therapeutic approaches due to limited efficacy of current treatments. AREAS COVERED This article explores AD as a manifestation of neurocircuit dysfunction and evaluates deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a potential intervention. Focusing on fornix-targeted stimulation (DBS-f), the article summarizes safety, feasibility, and outcomes observed in phase 1/2 trials, highlighting findings such as cognitive improvement, increased metabolism, and hippocampal growth. Topics for further study include optimization of electrode placement, and the role of stimulation-induced autobiographical-recall. Nucleus basalis of Meynert (DBS-NBM) DBS is also discussed and compared with DBS-f. Challenges with both DBS-f and DBS-NBM are identified, emphasizing the need for further research on optimal stimulation parameters. The article also reviews alternative DBS targets, including medial temporal lobe structures and the ventral capsule/ventral striatum. EXPERT OPINION Looking ahead, a phase-3 DBS-f trial, and the prospect of closed-loop stimulation using EEG-derived biomarkers or hippocampal theta activity are highlighted. Recent FDA-approved therapies and other neuromodulation techniques like temporal interference and low-intensity ultrasound are considered. The article concludes by underscoring the importance of imaging-based diagnosis and staging to allow for circuit-targeted therapies, given the heterogeneity of AD and varied stages of neurocircuit dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davidson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Artur Vetkas
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Tang-Wai
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Atmaca U, Aksoy M, Öztekin A. A safe alternative synthesis of primary carbamates from alcohols; in vitro and in silico assessments as an alternative acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8191-8200. [PMID: 36224670 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2134209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbamates are important molecules because they are used in various biochemical processes. In this study, effective alternative method for the synthesis of primary carbamates from alcohols was developed in the presence of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) in pyridine at room temperature in mild conditions. The primary carbamates were synthesized excellent yield. This method is easy, practical, and inexpensive without any additive, metal, or catalyst. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and has been reported to affect approximately 50 million people worldwide in 2020. Drugs that reversibly inhibit the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity are used for the treatment of AD. For this reason, there is a growing interest in developing alternative AChE inhibitors. Concordantly, Anti-anticholinesterase activity of synthesized carbamate derivatives was investigated as an alternative AChE inhibitors. In order to determine the inhibitory effect of these molecules, IC50, and Ki values and inhibition types were determined. According to the Ki results, the most effective inhibitors were 3 b and 3e with the Ki values of 22 and 38 µM, respectively. It was found that all molecules showed competitive inhibition type. For clarify the inhibitors-enzyme interactions, molecular docking studies were performed and possible binding interactions between the synthesized molecules and AChE were determined. Additionally, the pharmacokinetic and properties of the synthesized molecules were evaluated in silico.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Atmaca
- Oltu Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mine Aksoy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aykut Öztekin
- Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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Ma P, Wang J, Zhou Z, Chen CLP, Duan J. Development and validation of a deep-broad ensemble model for early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1137557. [PMID: 37496739 PMCID: PMC10366590 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1137557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the brain that has attracted wide attention in the world. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is faced with the difficulties of insufficient manpower and great difficulty. With the intervention of artificial intelligence, deep learning methods are widely used to assist clinicians in the early recognition of Alzheimer's disease. And a series of methods based on data input with different dimensions have been proposed. However, traditional deep learning models rely on expensive hardware resources and consume a lot of training time, and may fall into the dilemma of local optima. Methods In recent years, broad learning system (BLS) has provided researchers with new research ideas. Based on the three-dimensional residual convolution module and BLS, a novel broad-deep ensemble model based on BLS is proposed for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) MRI image dataset is used to train the model and then we compare the performance of proposed model with previous work and clinicians' diagnosis. Results The result of experiments demonstrate that the broad-deep ensemble model is superior to previously proposed related works, including 3D-ResNet and VoxCNN, in accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and F1. Discussion The proposed broad-deep ensemble model is effective for early detection of Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the proposed model does not need the pre-training process of its depth module, which greatly reduces the training time and hardware dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixian Ma
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Computer Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhou
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - C. L. Philip Chen
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Junwei Duan
- College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao ZQ, Liang L, Hu LF, He YT, Jing LY, Liu Y, Chen BZ, Guo XD. Subcutaneous Implantable Microneedle System for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease by Delivering Donepezil. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:5330-5339. [PMID: 36454623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
To alleviate the dilemma of drug administration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, it is of great significance to develop a new drug delivery system. In this study, a subcutaneously implanted microneedle (MN) device with a swellable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) needle body and a dissolvable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) backing layer was designed. The backing layer quickly dissolved once the MN was introduced into the subcutaneous, and the hydrogel needles were implanted in the subcutaneous to enable prolonged drug release. Compared with oral administration, the MN system offers the benefits of a high administration rate, a fast onset of effect, and a longer duration of action. By detecting the concentration of acetylcholine (ACH) and Aβ 1-42, it was found that MN administration exhibited a stronger therapeutic effect. The biological safety of the MN system was also assessed, and no obvious signs of hemolysis, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory reaction were observed. Together, these findings suggested that the MN system is a convenient, efficient, and safe method of delivering donepezil hydrochloride (DPH) and may provide AD patients with a novel medicine administration option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liu Fu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Li Yue Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,High-Tech Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Li X, Han J, Bujaranipalli S, He J, Kim EY, Kim H, Im JH, Cho WJ. Structure-based discovery and development of novel O-GlcNAcase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114444. [PMID: 35588599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formed from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein are closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). O-GlcNAcylation of tau can negatively regulate hyperphosphorylation and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyzes the removal of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) from tau protein. Therefore, preventing tau hyperphosphorylation by increasing the levels of tau O-GlcNAcylation via OGA inhibitors could be a promising approach. Based on Thiamet-G, a potent OGA inhibitor, and its binding mode to OGA, a novel OGA inhibitor scaffold bearing three parts was designed and hit compound 7j was successfully identified via extensive exploring. Further chemical optimization and diversification of the 7j structure resulted in compound 39 which possesses excellent OGA inhibition, no cytotoxicity, and has good pharmacokinetic properties. In acute AD model mice, 39 was more effective than Thiamet-G in inhibiting OGA activity attributable to its better blood-brain barrier permeability. In addition, 39 restored the cognitive function in mice and reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations to a greater extent than Thiamet-G. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that 39 was well associated with OGA through H-bonds and hydrophobic interaction. Together, these findings suggest that 39 was promising as a potent OGA inhibitor in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhe Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheshurao Bujaranipalli
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jie He
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kim
- Medifron DBT, Seoul, 08502, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Im
- Medifron DBT, Seoul, 08502, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jea Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Advancements in the development of multi-target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 61:116742. [PMID: 35398739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial irreversible neurological disorder which results in cognitive impairment, loss of cholinergic neurons in synapses of the basal forebrain and neuronal death. Exact pathology of the disease is not yet known however, many hypotheses have been proposed for its treatment. The available treatments including monotherapies and combination therapies are not able to combat the disease effectively because of its complex pathological mechanism. A multipotent drug for AD has the potential to bind or inhibit multiple targets responsible for the progression of the disease like aggregated Aβ, hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, cholinergic and adrenergic receptors, MAO enzymes, overactivated N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor etc. The traditional approach of one disease-one target-one drug has been rationalized to one drug-multi targets for the chronic diseases like AD and cancer. Thus, over the last decade research focus has been shifted towards the development of multi target directed ligands (MTDLs) which can simultaneously inhibit multiple targets and stop or slow the progression of the disease. The MTDLs can be more effective against AD and eliminate any possibility of drug-drug interactions. Many important active pharmacophore units have been fused, merged or incorporated into different scaffolds to synthesize new potent drugs. In the current article, we have described various hypothesis for AD and effectiveness of the MTDLs treatment strategy is discussed in detail. Different chemical scaffolds and their synthetic strategies have been described and important functionalities are identified in the chemical scaffold that have the potential to bind to the multiple targets. The important leads identified in this study with MTDL characteristics have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the effective treatment of AD.
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Kamli MR, Sharaf AAM, Sabir JSM, Rather IA. Phytochemical Screening of Rosmarinus officinalis L. as a Potential Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant-Medicinal Plant for Cognitive Decline Disorders. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11040514. [PMID: 35214846 PMCID: PMC8877369 DOI: 10.3390/plants11040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by cholinergic agents has been promoted as a potent strategy for treating and managing cognitive decline disorders. A wide range of natural products has long been used as potential sources or formulations of cholinergic inhibitors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate different Rosmarinus officinalis L. (R. officinalis) extracts for their AChE inhibitory activity using galanthamine as a standard AChE inhibitor. In this study, the ethyl-acetate extract (at a concentration of 250 µg/mL) exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect against AChE with significant inhibition of 75%, comparable to the inhibitor galanthamine with an inhibition of 88%. Kinetic analysis revealed that the extracts could induce a mixed type of inhibition, as observed in the case of galanthamine, with the highest increased Km and decreased Vmax values in the ethyl acetate extract. The antioxidant potential of the three extracts tested was found to be in the order of ethyl-acetate > ethanol > aqueous, with IC50 values of 272 µg/mL, 387 µg/mL, and 534 µg/mL, respectively. Ethyl-acetate was found to have the highest total phenolic content in all extracts. Further, in silico study showed structural binding characterization of rosmarinic acid and carnosic acid with human AChE enzyme. Rosmarinic acid showed strong binding and formed two hydrogen-bonding interactions with Ser-293 and Arg-296. In light of this, the ethyl-acetate extract of the plant may provide some novel potential pharmacological leads for treating and managing cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rasool Kamli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) Inhibition Modulates Amyloid-Beta-Induced Microglia Polarization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147711. [PMID: 34299330 PMCID: PMC8306898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of endocannabinoid (eCB) to change functional microglial phenotype can be explored as a possible target for therapeutic intervention. Since the inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the main catabolic enzyme of anandamide (AEA), may provide beneficial effects in mice model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like pathology, we aimed at determining whether the FAAH inhibitor URB597 might target microglia polarization and alter the cytoskeleton reorganization induced by the amyloid-β peptide (Aβ). The morphological evaluation showed that Aβ treatment increased the surface area of BV-2 cells, which acquired a flat and polygonal morphology. URB597 treatment partially rescued the control phenotype of BV-2 cells when co-incubated with Aβ. Moreover, URB597 reduced both the increase of Rho protein activation in Aβ-treated BV-2 cells and the Aβ-induced migration of BV-2 cells, while an increase of Cdc42 protein activation was observed in all samples. URB597 also increased the number of BV-2 cells involved in phagocytosis. URB597 treatment induced the polarization of microglial cells towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, as demonstrated by the decreased expression of iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines along with the parallel increase of Arg-1 and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these data suggest that FAAH inhibition promotes cytoskeleton reorganization, regulates phagocytosis and cell migration processes, thus driving microglial polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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11
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Maeng S, Hong JP, Kim WH, Kim H, Cho SE, Kang JM, Na KS, Oh SH, Park JW, Bae JN, Cho SJ. Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Cognitive Training in the Elderly with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:619-627. [PMID: 34265200 PMCID: PMC8328838 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to introduce a 4-week long fully immersive virtual reality-based cognitive training (VRCT) program that could be applied for both a cognitively normal elderly population and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In addition, we attempted to investigate the neuropsychological effects of the VRCT program in each group. METHODS A total of 56 participants, 31 in the MCI group and 25 in the cognitively normal elderly group, underwent eight sessions of VRCT for 4 weeks. In order to evaluate the effects of the VRCT, the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Packet was administered before and after the program. The program' s safety was assessed using a simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ), and availability was assessed using the presence questionnaire. RESULTS After the eighth session of the VRCT program, cognitive improvement was observed in the ability to learn new information, visuospatial constructional ability, and frontal lobe function in both groups. At the baseline evaluation, based on the SSQ, the MCI group complained of disorientation and nausea significantly more than the cognitively normal elderly group did. However, both groups showed a reduction in discomfort as the VRCT program progressed. CONCLUSION We conclude that our VRCT program helps improve cognition in both the MCI group and cognitively normal elderly group. Therefore, the VRCT is expected to help improve cognitive function in elderly populations with and without MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seri Maeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Pyo Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Hyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Eun Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sae Na
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Oh
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Woon Park
- Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Gachon University Graduate School, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Nam Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Curcumin as Scaffold for Drug Discovery against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020173. [PMID: 33572457 PMCID: PMC7916200 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of major public health problems and their impact is continuously growing. Curcumin has been proposed for the treatment of several of these pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) due to the ability of this molecule to reduce inflammation and aggregation of involved proteins. Nevertheless, the poor metabolic stability and bioavailability of curcumin reduce the possibilities of its practical use. For these reasons, many curcumin derivatives were synthetized in order to overcome some limitations. In this review will be highlighted recent results on modification of curcumin scaffold in the search of new effective therapeutic agents against NDs, with particular emphasis on AD.
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13
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Memantine in neurological disorders - schizophrenia and depression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:327-334. [PMID: 33447926 PMCID: PMC7900025 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Memantine is used in Alzheimer's disease treatment as a non-competitive modern-affinity strong voltage-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. The fundamental role of these receptors is to bind glutamate: the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, believed to play a crucial role in neuronal plasticity and learning mechanisms. Glutamate transmission plays an important role in all internal CNS structures and maintains the physiological state of the brain. Excessive glutamate transmission can lead to enlarged calcium ion current which may cause neurotoxicity; however, insufficient transmission can drastically alter the information flow in neurons and the brain, potentially causing schizophrenia-like symptoms by replacing lost information with completely new stimuli. Hence, it is possible that the modulation of NMDA activity may give rise to pathophysiological states. Available literature and clinical trials indicate that memantine is well tolerated by patients, with very few and light side effects. There is a belief that memantine may also benefit other conditions such as schizophrenia and depression.
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14
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Falode JA, Akinmoladun AC, Olaleye MT, Akindahunsi AA. Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth leaf extract inhibits rat brain and liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening. Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:1614-1624. [PMID: 33280443 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1850757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Kigelia africana on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition has not been explored. In this study, the effect of a solvent fraction of Kigelia africana leaf extract on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition of rat brain and liver was evaluated. A methanol extract of K. africana leaves was fractionated into different solvents by vacuum liquid chromatography and following preliminary screening, the dichloromethane:ethylacetate (1:1) fraction was selected for further assays. Constituent phytochemicals in the fraction were revealed by thin-layer chromatography and further purification was carried out to characterize the compounds. Brain and liver mitochondria were isolated and used for mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and adenosine triphosphatase assays. Exogenous Ca2+ and Al3+ were used to trigger the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition opening. Physicochemical properties revealed by thin-layer chromatography showed that the isolated compounds were flavonoids. The extract inhibited mitochondrial membrane permeability transition opening in the presence and absence of triggering agents in brain and liver mitochondria. It also inhibited mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and adenosine triphosphatase activity. These results suggest that the extract can limit the rate of apoptosis via inhibition of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition which is pivotal to the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and is an important therapeutic target in some pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeolu Falode
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University, Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria.,Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Clement Akinmoladun
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Mary Tolulope Olaleye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Afolabi Akintunde Akindahunsi
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, The Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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15
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Synthesis and evaluation of chromone-2-carboxamido-alkylamines as potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Joshi P, Kawade V, Dhulap S, Goel M. Unlocking the concealed targets using system biology mapping for Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1104-1107. [PMID: 31634797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a neural loss in histology of brain with involvement of complex genomic and environmental factors. Accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide and phosphorylated tau are indicative of progression and cognitive decline. Hence an understanding of the underlying biological pathways and targets along with associated mechanisms would be useful for the development of improved therapeutics for treating AD. In the present work, we aim to identify concealed targets for developing first line therapeutics and repositioning of validated targets as well as FDA- approved drugs using a system biology approach. METHODS We have collated information pertaining to the biological targets as well as the approved drugs, from scientific literature and patents. RESULTS In all, the imbalance in the functioning of around 79 proteins and genes were identified to be involved in Alzheimer's cascade. Amongst them, around 21 targets were found to be under therapeutic consideration for AD. Of the remaining, around 17 targets were reported as potential targets for AD, although they are under researcher's attention for other physio-pathological conditions. The analysis further revealed that ˜41 therapeutic targets are pharmacologically concealed but structurally validated targets and may constitute as potential therapeutic candidate for future drug discovery for AD. CONCLUSION The biological pathway vs. drug mapping provides a complete overview about underlying biological pathways, therapeutic targets (explored and concealed), associated mechanisms, existing therapeutics and the information pertaining to molecules currently under active drug development for further drug discovery and drug re-positioning/repurposing approaches for AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poorvashree Joshi
- CSIR - Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vikram Kawade
- CSIR - Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sivakami Dhulap
- CSIR - Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mandakini Goel
- Solution Consultant, Clarivate Analytics, Bengaluru Karnataka, India
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17
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Jakobs M, Lee DJ, Lozano AM. Modifying the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease with deep brain stimulation. Neuropharmacology 2019; 171:107860. [PMID: 31765650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
At times of an aging population and increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders, effective medical treatments remain limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is thought to address the neuronal network dysfunction of this disorder and may offer new therapeutic options. Preliminary evidence suggests that DBS of the fornix may have effects on cognitive decline, brain glucose metabolism, hippocampal volume and cortical grey matter volume in certain patients with mild AD. Rodent studies have shown that increase of cholinergic neurotransmitters, hippocampal neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity and reduction of amyloid plaques are associated with DBS. Currently a large phase III study of fornix DBS is assessing efficacy in patients with mild AD aged 65 years and older. The Nucleus basalis of Meynert has also been explored in a phase I study in of mild to moderate AD and was tolerated well regardless of the lack of benefit. Being an established therapy for Parkinson's Disease (PD), DBS may exert some disease-modifying traits rather than being a purely symptomatic treatment. There is evidence of dopaminergic neuroprotection in animal models and some suggestion that DBS may influence the natural progression of the disorder. Neuromodulation may possibly have beneficial effects on course of different neurodegenerative disorders compared to medical therapy alone. For dementias, functional neurosurgery may provide an adjunctive option in patient care. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jakobs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Darrin J Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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18
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Yokoyama S, Yoshinaga T, Matsuzaki J, Suzuki H. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Teprenone in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:1187-1199. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takuma Yoshinaga
- Division of Clinical Application, Nanpuh Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Juntaro Matsuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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19
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Classification of Alzheimer's Disease with and without Imagery using Gradient Boosted Machines and ResNet-50. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9090212. [PMID: 31443556 PMCID: PMC6770938 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9090212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Alzheimer’s is a disease for which there is no cure. Diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) early facilitates family planning and cost control. The purpose of this study is to predict the presence of AD using socio-demographic, clinical, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Early detection of AD enables family planning and may reduce costs by delaying long-term care. Accurate, non-imagery methods also reduce patient costs. The Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (OASIS-1) cross-sectional MRI data were analyzed. A gradient boosted machine (GBM) predicted the presence of AD as a function of gender, age, education, socioeconomic status (SES), and a mini-mental state exam (MMSE). A residual network with 50 layers (ResNet-50) predicted the clinical dementia rating (CDR) presence and severity from MRI’s (multi-class classification). The GBM achieved a mean 91.3% prediction accuracy (10-fold stratified cross validation) for dichotomous CDR using socio-demographic and MMSE variables. MMSE was the most important feature. ResNet-50 using image generation techniques based on an 80% training set resulted in 98.99% three class prediction accuracy on 4139 images (20% validation set) at Epoch 133 and nearly perfect multi-class predication accuracy on the training set (99.34%). Machine learning methods classify AD with high accuracy. GBM models may help provide initial detection based on non-imagery analysis, while ResNet-50 network models might help identify AD patients automatically prior to provider review.
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20
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Narayan SW, Pearson SA, Litchfield M, Le Couteur DG, Buckley N, McLachlan AJ, Zoega H. Anticholinergic medicines use among older adults before and after initiating dementia medicines. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 85:1957-1963. [PMID: 31046175 PMCID: PMC6710547 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated anticholinergic medicines use among older adults initiating dementia medicines. METHODS We used Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing claims to identify patients who initiated donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine or memantine between 1 January 2013 and 30 June 2017 (after a period of ≥180 days with no dispensing of these medicines) and remained on therapy for ≥180 days (n = 4393), and dispensed anticholinergic medicines in the 180 days before and after initiating dementia medicines. We further examined anticholinergic medicines prescribed by a prescriber other than the one initiating dementia medicines. RESULTS One-third of the study cohort (1439/4393) was exposed to anticholinergic medicines up to 180 days before or after initiating dementia medicines. Among patients exposed to anticholinergic medicines, 46% (659/1439) had the same medicine dispensed before and after initiating dementia medicines. The proportion of patients dispensed anticholinergic medicines increased by 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-3.7) after initiating dementia medicines. Antipsychotics use increased by 10.1% (95% CI: 7.6-12.7) after initiating dementia medicines; driven by increased risperidone use (7.3%, 95% CI: 5.3-9.3). Nearly half of patients dispensed anticholinergic medicines in the 180 days after (537/1133), were prescribed anticholinergic medicines by a prescriber other than the one initiating dementia medicines. CONCLUSION Use of anticholinergic medicines is common among patients initiating dementia medicines and this occurs against a backdrop of widespread campaigns to reduce irrational medicine combinations in this vulnerable population. Decisions about deprescribing medicines with questionable benefit among patients with dementia may be complicated by conflicting recommendations in prescribing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujita W Narayan
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sallie-Anne Pearson
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melisa Litchfield
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David G Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research in Ageing, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas Buckley
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Centre for Education and Research in Ageing, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helga Zoega
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Iceland
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21
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Eldufani J, Blaise G. The role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as neostigmine and rivastigmine on chronic pain and cognitive function in aging: A review of recent clinical applications. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2019; 5:175-183. [PMID: 31194017 PMCID: PMC6551376 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain in patients with Alzheimer's disease or dementia is a complex issue in the medical field; these patients suffer from the common causes of chronic pain, especially in geriatric medicine. To ensure the correct type and level of given treatment, medical care should be taken to avoid the contribution of chronic pain and cognitive impairment in the elderly population. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is) have been proven as an efficient therapeutic resource for significant improvement in dementia of Alzheimer's disease and chronic pain due to the fact that cholinergic deficit is considered as an early finding in cognitive impairment and persisting pain. Some AChE-Is are investigated here in terms of treatment of dementia and chronic pain management. Neostigmine has been used as an adjunct analgesic in the postoperative period and in combination with other analgesic medications in an intrathecal approach. Rivastigmine has, over the past ten years, become the approved agent for the management of dementia of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and has gained approval for treating different types of non-Alzheimer's dementia. In this review, we will focus on the two types of AChE-Is (rivastigmine and neostigmine) in the development of their clinical use and their respective mechanisms of actions on improving cognitive function and managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril Eldufani
- Department of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Elmergib University, El-khums, Libya
| | - Gilbert Blaise
- Department of Medicine, Montreal University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University Hospital of Montreal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Sharma R, Kuca K, Nepovimova E, Kabra A, Rao MM, Prajapati PK. Traditional Ayurvedic and herbal remedies for Alzheimer's disease: from bench to bedside. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:359-374. [PMID: 30884983 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1596803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder prevalent worldwide among elderly populations. Owing to limited efficacy, side effects, and poor patient compliance for current rationally designed therapies, options are being searched from alternate therapies such as Indian (Ayurvedic), Chinese, or other traditional systems. Areas covered: Following a comprehensive literature search, the authors provide a review encompassing: (1) pathophysiological changes involved in AD, (2) Ayurvedic holistic approach and herbal medicines to manage dementia and AD, and (3) traditional plants and their phytoconstituents effective in AD with description of possible mechanism of action. Expert opinion: Traditional remedies could be adjunct therapeutic options to allay wide-ranging pathological cascades of AD. Ayurveda offers a holistic approach of treatment along with a list of nootropic herbs and formulations that are the rich sources of antioxidants, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory compounds that are found to modulate neuroendocrine-immune activities, enhance memory, intellect, rejuvenate brain functions, and improve quality of life. A strong knowledge base of traditional systems coupled with contemporary science may provide new functional leads for age-associated neurodegenerative disorders at preventive, promotive, and curative levels, and evolution of new drug therapies and development processes, though further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- a Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development , CCRAS, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India , Bidhannagar , Kolkata , India
| | - Kamil Kuca
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Hradec Kralove , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Atul Kabra
- c Department of Pharmacology , Kota College of Pharmacy , Kota , Rajasthan , India
| | - M M Rao
- d Central Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development , Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India , Bidhannagar , Kolkata , India
| | - P K Prajapati
- e Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana , All India Institute of Ayurveda , New Delhi , India
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Md S, Gan SY, Haw YH, Ho CL, Wong S, Choudhury H. In vitro neuroprotective effects of naringenin nanoemulsion against β-amyloid toxicity through the regulation of amyloidogenesis and tau phosphorylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1211-1219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gross AL, Lu H, Meoni L, Gallo JJ, Schrack JA, Sharrett AR. Physical Activity in Midlife is not Associated with Cognitive Health in Later Life Among Cognitively Normal Older Adults. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 59:1349-1358. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alden L. Gross
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haidong Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lucy Meoni
- Departments of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J. Gallo
- Departments of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins University Center on Aging and Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A. Richey Sharrett
- Departments of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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25
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Mohan CG, Gupta S. QSAR Models towards Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Oncology 2017. [DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0549-5.ch022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurological syndrome with the combination of aging, genetic, and environmental factors triggering the pathological decline. Interestingly, the importance of the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme has increased due to its involvement in the ß-amyloid peptide fibril formation during AD pathogenesis. In silico technique, QSAR has proven its usefulness in pharmaceutical research for the design/optimization of new chemical entities. Further, QSAR method advanced the scope of rational drug design and the search for the mechanism of drug action. It is a well-established fact that the chemical and pharmaceutical effects of a compound are closely related to its physico-chemical properties, which can be calculated by various methods from the compound structure. This chapter focuses on different Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies carried out for a variety of cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of AD. These predictive models will be potentially used for further designing better and safer drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Gopi Mohan
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, India
| | - Shikhar Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, India
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Zhou L, Tan S, Shan YL, Wang YG, Cai W, Huang XH, Liao XY, Li HY, Zhang L, Zhang BJ, Lu ZQ. Baicalein improves behavioral dysfunction induced by Alzheimer's disease in rats. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:3145-3152. [PMID: 28003750 PMCID: PMC5158169 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s117469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by increased oxidative stress. Medicinal plants, with their antioxidant properties, have been used to cure several human diseases. The aim of the current study was to explore the protective and therapeutic effect of baicalein on AD-induced rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss Wistar rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into five groups. Group I: normal control group treated with water; Group II: disease control treated with AlCl3 to induce the mimicking AD for 4 successive weeks (SW); Group III: normal control group treated with baicalein (5 mg/kg) for 2 SW followed by combination of baicalein and AlCl3 for 4 SW; Group IV: normal control group treated with baicalein (10 mg/kg) for 2 SW followed by combination of baicalein and AlCl3 for 4 SW; Group V: normal control group treated with rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg) for 2 SW followed by combination of rivastigmine and AlCl3 for 4 SW. Moreover, the therapeutic groups are as follows: Group VI: AD disease control treated with AlCl3 for 4 SW and serving as the therapeutic positive group; Group VII: AD disease control + baicalein (5 mg/kg) for 12 SW; Group VIII: AD disease control + baicalein (10 mg/kg) for 12 SW; Group IX: AD disease control + rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg) for 12 SW. Behavioral test, T-maze, and rotarod test were also performed before and after the treatment. At the end of the experimental study, all the rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed and divided into two portions. The first portion was homogenated for estimating the level of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and acetylcholine (Ach). Another portion was used for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS The current investigation showed that baicalein significantly reduced the duration of revolving on the rotarod, cage activity, and T-maze activity in a dose-dependent manner compared with the AD control group rats. It also altered the AchE and Ach levels in the brain homogenates. The histopathology study also provides strength to the protective effect of baicalein. CONCLUSION The current study showed that baicalein significantly (P<0.05) improved the biochemical and histopathological condition of AD in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sha Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-long Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-ge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-hong Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-yuan Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-yan Li
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing-jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-qi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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Sandhu P, Naeem MM, Lu C, Kumarathasan P, Gomes J, Basak A. Ser 422 phosphorylation blocks human Tau cleavage by caspase-3: Biochemical implications to Alzheimer's Disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 27:642-652. [PMID: 27989667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic truncation of microtubule associated human (h) Tau protein by caspase-3 at the carboxy (C) terminus has been linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). This cleavage likely occurs between Asp421↓Ser422 leading to the formation of 421-mer truncated Tau protein which has been found to be present as aggregate in high level after phosphorylation in mortal AD brain tissue compared to normal. At least 50 phosphorylation sites involving Ser, Thr and Tyr residues have been identified or proposed in hTau and a selected number of them have been implicated in hTau aggregation following latter's proteolytic truncation. Interestingly, it is further noted that Ser422 residue present in the P1' position of hTau caspase-3 cleavage region is a potential phosphorylation site. So we became interested to examine in vitro the effect of phospho-Ser422 residue on hTau cleavage by caspase-3 which is a crucial upstream event associated with hTau self-assembly leading to AD pathogenesis. The goal of this project is to study in vitro the caspase-3 cleavage site of hTau protein and to examine the kinetics of this cleavage following Ser422 phosphorylation and treatment with caspase-3 inhibitors. This is achieved by designing peptides from the sequence of hTau protein containing the proposed caspase-3 cleavage region. Peptides were designed from 441-mer major human Tau protein sequence that encompasses the proposed caspase-3 cleavage site [Asp421↓Ser422]. Corresponding phospho-, dextro-Ser422 and dextro-Asp421 analogs were also designed. Peptides were synthesized by solid phase chemistry, purified and fully characterized by mass spectrometry. These were then incubated with recombinant caspase-3 enzyme under identical condition for digestion and analyzed for cleavage by mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC chromatograms. Our results indicated that while the control peptide is efficiently cleaved by caspase-3 at Asp421↓Ser422 site producing the expected N- and C-terminal fragment peptides, the corresponding phospho-Ser422 peptide remained completely resistant to the cleavage. Substitution of Asp421 by its dextro isoform also blocks peptide cleavage by caspase-3. However substitution of Ser422 by its dextro isoform in the peptide did not affect the cleavage significantly. The above results were further confirmed by caspase-3 digestion experiment in the presence of varying amounts of caspase-3 inhibitor (Ac-DQVD-aldehyde) which was found to block this cleavage in a highly effective manner. Our results highlighted the crucial significance of Ser422 phosphorylation and suggest that the kinase associated with this Ser-phosphorylation may protect Tau from aggregation. Thus specific promoters/activators of this kinase may find useful therapeutic benefits in arresting Tau truncation by caspase-3 and the progression of AD. In addition our data demonstrated that Tau-peptides where Ser422 or Asp421 are substituted by their respective dextro isomers, exhibit different cleavage kinetics by caspase-3 and this may have important implications in therapeutic intervention of Tau aggregation and associated AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sandhu
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mansur Mohammad Naeem
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chunyu Lu
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Premkumari Kumarathasan
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - James Gomes
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ajoy Basak
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, U Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 725 Parkdale Ave., Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada.
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Sarikurkcu C, Kocak MS, Uren MC, Calapoglu M, Sihoglu Tepe A. Potential sources for the management global health problems and oxidative stress: Stachys byzantina and S. iberica subsp. iberica var. densipilosa. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang H, Tan L, Wang HF, Liu Y, Yin RH, Wang WY, Chang XL, Jiang T, Yu JT. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:1049-70. [PMID: 26402632 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of non-invasive proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) could potentially identify changes in cerebral metabolites in the patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether these metabolites can serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE Using meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the patterns of cerebral metabolite changes in several cerebral regions that are strongly associated with cognitive decline in AD patients. METHODS Using Hedges' g effect size, a systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase, and EBSCO, and 38 studies were integrated into the final meta-analysis. RESULTS According to the observational studies, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in AD patients was significantly reduced in the posterior cingulate (PC) (effect size (ES) =-0.924, p < 0.005) and bilateral hippocampus (left hippocampus: ES =-1.329, p < 0.005; right hippocampus: ES =-1.287, p < 0.005). NAA/Cr (creatine) ratio decreased markedly in the PC (ES =-1.052, p < 0.005). Simultaneously, significant elevated myo-inositol (mI)/Cr ratio was found not only in the PC but also in the parietal gray matter. For lack of sufficient data, we failed to elucidate the efficacy of pharmacological interventions with the metabolites changes. CONCLUSION The available data indicates that NAA, mI, and the NAA/Cr ratio might be potential biomarkers of brain dysfunction in AD subjects. Choline (Cho)/Cr and mI/NAA changes might also contribute toward the diagnostic process. Thus, large, well-designed studies correlated with cerebral metabolism are needed to better estimate the cerebral extent of alterations in brain metabolite levels in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, China
| | - Rui-Hua Yin
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Xiao-Long Chang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China.,Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Memory and Aging Center, Deparment of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Abstract
The term “dementia” describes various neurodegenerative disorders that effect cognition, including Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, and others. This article reviews the diagnosis and management of common types of dementia and comorbidities. Dementias are differentiated clinically by history, symptom presentation, and exclusion of other causes through laboratory and imaging studies. Cholinesterase inhibitors are useful but may not be effective for all types of dementia and provide only modest benefits. Certain medical comorbidities may increase the risk of dementia, although genetics are also important in its etiology. Psychiatric comorbidities in dementia include delirium, which is treated primarily by addressing underlying medical disorders, but antipsychotics can be useful for symptom management and patient comfort. Nonpharmacologic interventions are first-line treatments for other psychiatric comorbidities, although drug therapy may be useful in some cases. The management of patients with dementia presents many challenges and will continue to do so unless agents with pronounced disease-modifying capabilities are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. Swanson
- The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ryan M. Carnahan
- The University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy: Clinical and Administrative Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma,
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Wojtunik-Kulesza KA, Oniszczuk A, Oniszczuk T, Waksmundzka-Hajnos M. The influence of common free radicals and antioxidants on development of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:39-49. [PMID: 26898423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders in the 21st century for the continually aging population. Despite an increasing number of patients, there are only few drugs to treat the disease. Numerous studies have shown several causes of the disorder, one of the most important being oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is connected with a disturbance between the levels of free radicals and antioxidants in organisms. Solutions to this problem are antioxidants, which counteract the negative impact of the reactive molecules. Unfortunately, the currently available drugs against AD do not exhibit activity toward these structures. Due to the fact that natural substances are extremely significant in new drug development, numerous studies are focused on substances which exhibit a few activities including antioxidants and other anti-AD behaviors. This review article presents the most important studies connected with the influence of free radicals on development of AD and antioxidants as potential drugs toward AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Oniszczuk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Oniszczuk
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Lublin University of Life Sciences, 44 Doświadczalna Street, 20-236 Lublin, Poland.
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Ozer MS, Sarikurkcu C, Tepe B. Phenolic composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of ethanol and water extracts of Chenopodium botrys. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the phenolic composition, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activities of ethanol and water extracts of Chenopodium botrys L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sabih Ozer
- Celal Bayar University
- Faculty of Science and Literature
- Department of Chemistry
- Manisa
- Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Suleyman Demirel University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Isparta
- Turkey
| | - Bektas Tepe
- Kilis 7 Aralik University
- Faculty of Science and Literature
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics
- Kilis
- Turkey
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Llorent-Martínez EJ, Ortega-Barrales P, Zengin G, Uysal S, Ceylan R, Guler GO, Mocan A, Aktumsek A. Lathyrus aureus and Lathyrus pratensis: characterization of phytochemical profiles by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and evaluation of their enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study suggest that Lathyrus species may be further used in phytopharmaceuticals or food industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. J. Llorent-Martínez
- University of Castilla-La Mancha
- Regional Institute for Applied Chemistry Research (IRICA)
- Ciudad Real 13071
- Spain
| | - P. Ortega-Barrales
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Jaén
- E-23071 Jaén
- Spain
| | - G. Zengin
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - S. Uysal
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - R. Ceylan
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - G. O. Guler
- Necmettin Erbakan University
- Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty
- Department of Biological Education
- Konya
- Turkey
| | - A. Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - A. Aktumsek
- Selcuk University
- Science Faculty
- Department of Biology
- Konya
- Turkey
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The Ameliorating Effect of Myrrh on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairments in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:925432. [PMID: 26635888 PMCID: PMC4655272 DOI: 10.1155/2015/925432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Myrrh has been used since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases such as inflammatory diseases, gynecological diseases, and hemiplegia. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous extracts of myrrh resin (AEM) on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. AEM was estimated with (2E,5E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal as a representative constituent by HPLC. The oral administration of AEM for 7 days significantly reversed scopolamine-induced reduction of spontaneous alternation in the Y-maze test. In the passive avoidance task, AEM also restored the decreased latency time of the retention trial by scopolamine treatment. In addition, Western blot analysis and Immunohistochemistry revealed that AEM reversed scopolamine-decreased phosphorylation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our study demonstrates for the first time that AEM ameliorates the scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice and increases the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK in the hippocampus of mice brain. These results suggest that AEM has the therapeutic potential in memory impairments.
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The rationale for deep brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 123:775-783. [PMID: 26443701 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1462-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a major worldwide health problem with no effective therapy. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a useful therapy for certain movement disorders and is increasingly being investigated for treatment of other neural circuit disorders. Here we review the rationale for investigating DBS as a therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Phase I clinical trials of DBS targeting memory circuits in Alzheimer's disease patients have shown promising results in clinical assessments of cognitive function, neurophysiological tests of cortical glucose metabolism, and neuroanatomical volumetric measurements showing reduced rates of atrophy. These findings have been supported by animal studies, where electrical stimulation of multiple nodes within the memory circuit have shown neuroplasticity through stimulation-enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis and improved performance in memory tasks. The precise mechanisms by which DBS may enhance memory and cognitive functions in Alzheimer's disease patients and the degree of its clinical efficacy continue to be examined in ongoing clinical trials.
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Methyl jasmonate enhances memory performance through inhibition of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity in mice. Life Sci 2015; 132:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Simon DT, Larsson KC, Nilsson D, Burström G, Galter D, Berggren M, Richter-Dahlfors A. An organic electronic biomimetic neuron enables auto-regulated neuromodulation. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:359-364. [PMID: 25932795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for neurological disorders are based on traditional medication and electric stimulation. Here, we present an organic electronic biomimetic neuron, with the capacity to precisely intervene with the underlying malfunctioning signalling pathway using endogenous substances. The fundamental function of neurons, defined as chemical-to-electrical-to-chemical signal transduction, is achieved by connecting enzyme-based amperometric biosensors and organic electronic ion pumps. Selective biosensors transduce chemical signals into an electric current, which regulates electrophoretic delivery of chemical substances without necessitating liquid flow. Biosensors detected neurotransmitters in physiologically relevant ranges of 5-80 µM, showing linear response above 20 µm with approx. 0.1 nA/µM slope. When exceeding defined threshold concentrations, biosensor output signals, connected via custom hardware/software, activated local or distant neurotransmitter delivery from the organic electronic ion pump. Changes of 20 µM glutamate or acetylcholine triggered diffusive delivery of acetylcholine, which activated cells via receptor-mediated signalling. This was observed in real-time by single-cell ratiometric Ca(2+) imaging. The results demonstrate the potential of the organic electronic biomimetic neuron in therapies involving long-range neuronal signalling by mimicking the function of projection neurons. Alternatively, conversion of glutamate-induced descending neuromuscular signals into acetylcholine-mediated muscular activation signals may be obtained, applicable for bridging injured sites and active prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Simon
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, ITN, Linköping University, S-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Karin C Larsson
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustav Burström
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dagmar Galter
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, ITN, Linköping University, S-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Agneta Richter-Dahlfors
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Iliffe S, Wilcock J, Drennan V, Goodman C, Griffin M, Knapp M, Lowery D, Manthorpe J, Rait G, Warner J. Changing practice in dementia care in the community: developing and testing evidence-based interventions, from timely diagnosis to end of life (EVIDEM). PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundThe needs of people with dementia and their carers are inadequately addressed at all key points in the illness trajectory, from diagnosis through to end-of-life care. The EVIDEM (Evidence-based Interventions in Dementia) research and development programme (2007–12) was designed to help change this situation within real-life settings.ObjectivesThe EVIDEM projects were (1) evaluation of an educational package designed to enhance general practitioners’ (GPs’) diagnostic and management skills; (2) evaluation of exercise as therapy for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD); (3) development of a toolkit for managing incontinence in people with dementia living at home; (4) development of a toolkit for palliative care for people with dementia; and (5) development of practice guidance on the use of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2005.DesignMixed quantitative and qualitative methods from case studies to large database analyses, including longitudinal surveys, randomised controlled trials and research register development, with patient and public involvement built into all projects.SettingGeneral practices, community services, third-sector organisations and care homes in the area of the North Thames Dementia and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Network local research network.ParticipantsPeople with dementia, their family and professional carers, GPs and community mental health team members, staff in local authority social services and third-sector bodies, and care home staff.Main outcome measuresDementia management reviews and case identification in general practice; changes in behavioural and psychological symptoms measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI); extent and impact of incontinence in community-dwelling people with dementia; mapping of pathways to death of people with dementia in care homes, and testing of a model of collaborative working between primary care and care homes; and understandings of the MCA 2005 among practitioners working with people with dementia.ResultsAn educational intervention in general practice did not alter management or case identification. Exercise as a therapy for BPSD did not reduce NPI scores significantly, but had a significant positive effect on carer burden. Incontinence is twice as common in community-dwelling people with dementia than their peers, and is a hidden taboo within a stigma. Distinct trajectories of dying were identified (anticipated, unexpected and uncertain), and collaboration between NHS primary care and care homes was improved, with cost savings. The MCA 2005 legislation provided a useful working framework for practitioners working with people with dementia.ConclusionsA tailored educational intervention for general practice does not change practice, even when incentives, policy pressure and consumer demand create a favourable environment for change; exercise has potential as a therapy for BPSD and deserves further investigation; incontinence is a common but unrecognised problem for people with dementia in the community; changes in relationships between care homes and general practice can be achieved, with benefits for people with dementia at the end of life and for the UK NHS; application of the MCA 2005 will continue to improve but educational reinforcements will help this. Increased research capacity in dementia in the community was achieved. This study suggests that further work is required to enhance clinical practice around dementia in general practice; investigate the apparent beneficial effect of physical activity on BPSD and carer well-being; develop case-finding methods for incontinence in people with dementia; optimise working relationships between NHS staff and care homes; and reinforce practitioner understanding of the MCA 2005.Trial registrationEVIDEM: ED-NCT00866099; EVIDEM: E-ISRCTN01423159.FundingThis project was funded by the Programme Grants for Applied Research programme of the National Institute for Health Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Iliffe
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Wilcock
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vari Drennan
- Centre for Health and Social Care Research, The Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education at Kingston University London & St George’s University of London (previously at University College London), London, UK
| | - Claire Goodman
- Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Mark Griffin
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- Personal Social Services Research Unit (PSSRU), Department of Social Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - David Lowery
- Older Peoples Mental Health Services, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust (previously known as Central & NW London Mental Health NHS Trust), London, UK
| | - Jill Manthorpe
- Social Care Workforce Research Unit, Policy Institute at King’s, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Greta Rait
- Research Department of Primary Care & Population Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Warner
- Older Peoples Mental Health Services, Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust (previously known as Central & NW London Mental Health NHS Trust), London, UK, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Barbagallo M, Marotta F, Dominguez LJ. Oxidative stress in patients with Alzheimer's disease: effect of extracts of fermented papaya powder. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:624801. [PMID: 25944987 PMCID: PMC4405021 DOI: 10.1155/2015/624801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue is particularly susceptible to oxidative stress (OS). Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced antioxidant systems, and decreased efficiency in repairing mechanisms have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Postmortem studies in AD patients' brains have shown oxidative damage markers (i.e., lipid peroxidation, protein oxidative damage, and glycoxidation). Fermented papaya (FPP, a product of Carica papaya Linn fermentation with yeast) is a nutraceutical supplement with favorable effects on immunological, hematological, inflammatory, and OS parameters in chronic/degenerative diseases. We studied 40 patients (age 78.2 ± 1.1 years), 28 AD patients, and 12 controls. Urinary 8-OHdG was measured to assess OS. Twenty AD patients were supplemented with FPP (Immunage, 4.5 grams/day) for 6 months, while controls did not receive any treatment. At baseline, 8-OHdG was significantly higher in patients with AD versus controls (13.7 ± 1.61 ng/mL versus 1.6 ± 0.12 ng/mL, P < 0.01). In AD patients FPP significantly decreased 8-OHdG (14.1 ± 1.7 ng/mL to 8.45 ± 1.1 ng/mL, P < 0.01), with no significant changes in controls. AD is associated with increased OS, and FPP may be helpful to counteract excessive ROS in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Barbagallo
- 1Geriatric Unit, Department DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- 2UOC di Geriatria e Lungodegenza, AOUP Azienda Universitaria Policlinico, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- *Mario Barbagallo:
| | | | - Ligia J. Dominguez
- 1Geriatric Unit, Department DIBIMIS, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro, 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Abstract
The herbal extract 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is used in clinical practice for ischemic patients in China. It has been shown to have various neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effects of NBP on learning and memory decline in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8) animal model were investigated. Intragastric NBP administration to 4-month-old SAMP8 mice for 2 months significantly improved spatial learning and memory ability. Moreover, the loss of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons in the medial septal nucleus and the vertical limb of the diagonal band in SAMP8 mice was slowed down, as was the decline in the protein and mRNA expression of ChAT in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and forebrain. These results demonstrated that NBP treatment starting at the age of 4 months protected from the learning/memory deficits with aging of SAMP8 mice, and that this effect might be mediated by preventing the decline of the central cholinergic system.
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Md S, Ali M, Ali R, Bhatnagar A, Baboota S, Ali J. Donepezil nanosuspension intended for nose to brain targeting: In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 67:418-25. [PMID: 24705169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study was to develop donepezil loaded nanosuspension for direct olfactory administration which reaches the brain and determining safety profile in Sprague-Dawley rats. Nanosuspension was prepared by ionic-crosslinking method. The developed nanosuspension was intranasally instilled into the nostrils of rats with the help of cannula (size 18/20) so that drug reached into the brain directly via nose to brain pathway. The nanosuspension had an average size of 150-200nm with a polydispersity index of 0.341. The donepezil concentration was estimated in the brain homogenate using HPLC method. The Cmax showed concentration of donepezil in brain and plasma as 7.2±0.86 and 82.8±5.42ng/ml, respectively, for drug suspension and concentration of donepezil in brain and plasma as 147.54±25.08 and 183.451±13.45ng/ml, respectively, for nanosuspension at same dose of 0.5mg/ml when administered intranasally (p<0.05). The in vivo safety evaluation studies showed that no mortality, hematological changes, body weight variations and toxicity in animals was observed, when nanosuspension was administered in different doses as compared to control group (normal saline). Donepezil loaded chitosan nanosuspension is a potential new delivery system for treatment of Alzheimer's disease, when transported via olfactory nasal pathway to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mushir Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rashid Ali
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Aseem Bhatnagar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S K Mazumdar Marg, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Moreira PI, Smith MA, Zhu X, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Perry G. Therapeutic potential of oxidant mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 4:995-1004. [PMID: 15853526 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.4.6.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major feature and one of the earliest changes in Alzheimer's disease. The complex nature and genesis of oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease can be partly answered by mitochondrial and redox-active metal abnormalities. Evidence indicates that in the initial phase of Alzheimer's disease development, amyloid-beta deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau, hallmarks of the disease, are consequences of oxidative stress. Therefore, the authors propose that oxidative modifications in early stages of Alzheimer's disease may actually serve as a homeostatic response or compensatory mechanism against stressful agents resulting in a shift of neuronal priority from normal function to basic survival. Since the cause of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology remains controversial, several and distinct therapeutic strategies have been tried to avoid, or at least reduce, the development of this neurodegenerative disorder. In this line, the inherent theoretical limitations of secretase inhibitors and immunotherapy, aimed to avoid the production or clear amyloid-beta from the brain is discussed. Promising antioxidant strategies, with the focus on fighting oxidative stress, are highlighted. Currently, antioxidant strategies appear to be the most encouraging therapeutics in reducing the clinical manifestation and evolution of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula I Moreira
- Case Western Reserve University, Institute of Pathology, 2085 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Waldemar G. Donepezil in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 1:11-9. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.1.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Goyal M, Grover S, Dhanjal JK, Goyal S, Tyagi C, Chacko S, Grover A. Novel natural structure corrector of ApoE4 for checking Alzheimer's disease: benefits from high throughput screening and molecular dynamics simulations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:620793. [PMID: 24324968 PMCID: PMC3845489 DOI: 10.1155/2013/620793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A major genetic suspect for Alzheimer's disease is the pathological conformation assumed by apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) through intramolecular interaction. In the present study, a large library of natural compounds was screened against ApoE4 to identify novel therapeutic molecules that can prevent ApoE4 from being converted to its pathological conformation. We report two such natural compounds PHC and IAH that bound to the active site of ApoE4 during the docking process. The binding analysis suggested that they have a strong mechanistic ability to correct the pathological structural orientation of ApoE4 by preventing repulsion between Arg 61 and Arg 112, thus inhibiting the formation of a salt bridge between Arg 61 and Glu 255. However, when the molecular dynamics simulations were carried out, structural changes in the PHC-bound complex forced PHC to move out of the cavity thus destabilizing the complex. However, IAH was structurally stable inside the binding pocket throughout the simulations trajectory. Our simulations results indicate that the initial receptor-ligand interaction observed after docking could be limited due to the receptor rigid docking algorithm and that the conformations and interactions observed after simulation runs are more energetically favored and should be better representations of derivative poses in the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Goyal
- Apaji Institute of Mathematics & Applied Computer Technology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sonam Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Sukriti Goyal
- Apaji Institute of Mathematics & Applied Computer Technology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Chetna Tyagi
- Apaji Institute of Mathematics & Applied Computer Technology, Banasthali University, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Sajeev Chacko
- Thematic Unit of Excellence on Computational Materials Science, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Sector III, Block JD, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Abhinav Grover
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Richard T, Papastamoulis Y, Waffo-Teguo P, Monti JP. 3D NMR structure of a complex between the amyloid beta peptide (1–40) and the polyphenol ε-viniferin glucoside: Implications in Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:5068-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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El Kadmiri N, Hamzi K, El Moutawakil B, Slassi I, Nadifi S. [Genetic aspects of Alzheimer's disease (Review)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 61:228-38. [PMID: 24035416 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain disorder, which concerns memory, cognition and behavior pattern. Its etiology is unknown, it is characterized by typical histological lesions: senile plaques and neuro-fibrillary tangles. Alzheimer's disease is a multifactorial pathology, characterized by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Genetic factors concern first of all the exceptional monogenic forms, characterized by early onset (<60 years), autosomal dominant forms. Mutations of the genes coding for amyloid-ß precursor protein or preselinins 1 and 2 are involved. The much more frequent sporadic forms also have genetic factors, the best studied being the apolipoprotein E4 coding allele and some more recent genotypes which will be mentioned. No causal, only symptomatic treatments are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- N El Kadmiri
- Laboratoire de génétique médicale et pathologies moléculaires, faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 19, rue Tarik Ibnou Ziad, BP 9154, 20000 Casablanca, Maroc.
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Abstract
Objective. Making surrogate decisions on behalf of incapacitated patients can raise difficult questions for relatives, physicians, and society. Previous research has focused on the accuracy of surrogate decisions (i.e., the proportion of correctly inferred preferences). Less attention has been paid to the procedural satisfaction that patients’ surrogates and patients attribute to specific approaches to making surrogate decisions. The objective was to investigate hypothetical patients’ and surrogates’ procedural satisfaction with specific approaches to making surrogate decisions and whether implementing these preferences would lead to tradeoffs between procedural satisfaction and accuracy. Methods. Study 1 investigated procedural satisfaction by assigning participants (618 in a mixed-age but relatively young online sample and 50 in an older offline sample) to the roles of hypothetical surrogates or patients. Study 2 (involving 64 real multigenerational families with a total of 253 participants) investigated accuracy using 24 medical scenarios. Results. Hypothetical patients and surrogates had closely aligned preferences: Procedural satisfaction was highest with a patient-designated surrogate, followed by shared surrogate decision-making approaches and legally assigned surrogates. These approaches did not differ substantially in accuracy. Limitations are that participants’ preferences regarding existing and novel approaches to making surrogate decisions can only be elicited under hypothetical conditions. Conclusions. Next to decision making by patient-designated surrogates, shared surrogate decision making is the preferred approach among patients and surrogates alike. This approach appears to impose no tradeoff between procedural satisfaction and accuracy. Therefore, shared decision making should be further studied in representative samples of the general population, and if people’s preferences prove to be robust, they deserve to be weighted more strongly in legal frameworks in addition to patient-designated surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Frey
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland (RF)
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany (RF, RH, SMH)
| | - Ralph Hertwig
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland (RF)
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany (RF, RH, SMH)
| | - Stefan M. Herzog
- Center for Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Basel, Switzerland (RF)
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany (RF, RH, SMH)
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Gross AL, Manly JJ, Pa J, Johnson JK, Park LQ, Mitchell MB, Melrose RJ, Inouye SK, McLaren DG. Cortical signatures of cognition and their relationship to Alzheimer's disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2012; 6:584-98. [PMID: 22718430 PMCID: PMC3553578 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-012-9180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD) state that biomarkers can enhance certainty in a diagnosis of AD. In the present study, we combined cognitive function and brain morphology, a potential imaging biomarker, to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to AD. We identified four biomarkers, or cortical signatures of cognition (CSC), from regressions of cortical thickness on neuropsychological factors representing memory, executive function/processing speed, language, and visuospatial function among participants in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Neuropsychological factor scores were created from a previously validated multidimensional factor structure of the neuropsychological battery in ADNI. Mean thickness of each CSC at the baseline study visit was used to evaluate risk of conversion to clinical AD among participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and rate of decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score. Of 307 MCI participants, 119 converted to AD. For all domain-specific CSC, a one standard deviation thinner cortical thickness was associated with an approximately 50% higher hazard of conversion and an increase of approximately 0.30 points annually on the CDR-SB. In combined models with a domain-specific CSC and neuropsychological factor score, both CSC and factor scores predicted conversion to AD and increasing clinical severity. The present study indicated that factor scores and CSCs for memory and language both significantly predicted risk of conversion to AD and accelerated deterioration in dementia severity. We conclude that predictive models are best when they utilize both neuropsychological measures and imaging biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden L Gross
- Institute for Aging Research, Harvard Medical School, Hebrew SeniorLife, 1200 Centre Street, Rm. 634, Boston, MA, USA.
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Orlando RA, Gonzales AM, Royer RE, Deck LM, Vander Jagt DL. A chemical analog of curcumin as an improved inhibitor of amyloid Abeta oligomerization. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31869. [PMID: 22442659 PMCID: PMC3307704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-like plaques are characteristic lesions defining the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The size and density of these plaques are closely associated with cognitive decline. To combat this disease, the few therapies that are available rely on drugs that increase neurotransmission; however, this approach has had limited success as it has simply slowed an imminent decline and failed to target the root cause of AD. Amyloid-like deposits result from aggregation of the Aβ peptide, and thus, reducing amyloid burden by preventing Aβ aggregation represents an attractive approach to improve the therapeutic arsenal for AD. Recent studies have shown that the natural product curcumin is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier in the CNS in sufficient quantities so as to reduce amyloid plaque burden. Based upon this bioactivity, we hypothesized that curcumin presents molecular features that make it an excellent lead compound for the development of more effective inhibitors of Aβ aggregation. To explore this hypothesis, we screened a library of curcumin analogs and identified structural features that contribute to the anti-oligomerization activity of curcumin and its analogs. First, at least one enone group in the spacer between aryl rings is necessary for measureable anti-Aβ aggregation activity. Second, an unsaturated carbon spacer between aryl rings is essential for inhibitory activity, as none of the saturated carbon spacers showed any margin of improvement over that of native curcumin. Third, methoxyl and hydroxyl substitutions in the meta- and para-positions on the aryl rings appear necessary for some measure of improved inhibitory activity. The best lead inhibitors have either their meta- and para-substituted methoxyl and hydroxyl groups reversed from that of curcumin or methoxyl or hydroxyl groups placed in both positions. The simple substitution of the para-hydroxy group on curcumin with a methoxy substitution improved inhibitor function by 6-7-fold over that measured for curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America.
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Herrmann N, Chau SA, Kircanski I, Lanctôt KL. Current and Emerging Drug Treatment Options for Alzheimerʼs Disease. Drugs 2011; 71:2031-65. [DOI: 10.2165/11595870-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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