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Bouthry E, Portet-Sulla V, Bouokazi MM, Périllaud-Dubois C, Javaugue FC, Jule L, Boithias C, Le Saché N, Mokhtari M, Carrière D, Sonnier L, Benammar R, Letourneau A, Vivanti AJ, Cordier AG, Letamendia-Richard E, Vauloup-Fellous C. Neonatal herpes: case series in two obstetric centres over a 10-year period (2013-2023), France. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:3183-3191. [PMID: 38678161 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection (HSV infection in infants less than 6 weeks of age) is rare but mortality and morbidity rates are high after disseminated disease and encephalitis. In France, the epidemiology is poorly described, and two decades ago, incidence was estimated to be 3 per 100,000 live births a year. We describe determinants, epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of neonatal HSV infection in a managed-care population attending in two major obstetric and paediatric centres, Paris, France, over a 10-year period. This retrospective case series study was conducted from 2013 to 2023, in infants less than 42 days of age who had virologically confirmed HSV infection. We report an overall rate of neonatal herpes of 5.5 per 100,000 live births a year and an incidence of symptomatic cases of 1.2 per 100,000 live births a year. HSV-1 was the major serotype involved (84.2%) and post-natal acquisition through the orolabial route reached 63.2%. All neonates who had neonatal HSV PCR screening (owing to clinical signs in parents) and who received prompt acyclovir treatment remained asymptomatic. Symptomatic forms accounted for 21.1% cases of the total and mortality was high (62.5% of symptomatic forms). Conclusion: This case series confirms that neonates at risk for HSV disease and poor outcome are those born to HSV-seronegative mothers, preterm infants, and those who received acyclovir after onset of symptoms (mainly because mothers did not present evidence of acute HSV infection). Our study confirms the major role of HSV-1 and the frequency of its early post-natal acquisition. What is known: • Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection is rare but motality and morbidity rates are high after disseminted disease and encephalitis. National recommendations exist worldwide but mangement of this disease is not always easy. What is new: • As in France epidemiology of neonatal herpes is poorly described, our report is potentially an important addition to the existing literature. Moreover, we describe local practice that may be useful to physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Bouthry
- Department of Virology, Angers University Hospital, 4 rue Larrey, 49933, Angers, France.
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France.
| | - Vincent Portet-Sulla
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France
- Division of Virology, WHO Rubella National Reference Laboratory, Dept of Biology and Genetics, Paris Saclay University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1184, CEA, Auto-Immune, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Melek Manai Bouokazi
- Division of Virology, WHO Rubella National Reference Laboratory, Dept of Biology and Genetics, Paris Saclay University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claire Périllaud-Dubois
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France
- Virology Department, Sorbonne University, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Pierre Louis Epidemiology and Public Health Institute (iPLESP), INSERM 1136, Paris, France
| | - François-Charles Javaugue
- Division of Virology, WHO Rubella National Reference Laboratory, Dept of Biology and Genetics, Paris Saclay University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Laure Jule
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care and Neonatal Medicine, FAME Department, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Kremlin-Bicetre" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Claire Boithias
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care and Neonatal Medicine, FAME Department, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Kremlin-Bicetre" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Nolwenn Le Saché
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care and Neonatal Medicine, FAME Department, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Kremlin-Bicetre" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Mostafa Mokhtari
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care and Neonatal Medicine, FAME Department, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Kremlin-Bicetre" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Diane Carrière
- Division of Paediatric Critical Care and Neonatal Medicine, FAME Department, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Kremlin-Bicetre" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Louise Sonnier
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Simone Veil, 41000, Blois, France
| | - Rafik Benammar
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, DMU2 Santé des Femmes et des Nouveau-nés, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Letourneau
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DMU Santé des Femmes et des Nouveau-Nés, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre J Vivanti
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DMU Santé des Femmes et des Nouveau-Nés, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gaël Cordier
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DMU Santé des Femmes et des Nouveau-Nés, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, "Tenon" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Letamendia-Richard
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, DMU2 Santé des Femmes et des Nouveau-nés, Paris Saclay University Hospital, "Antoine Béclère" Medical Center-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la grossesse (GRIG), Paris, France
- Division of Virology, WHO Rubella National Reference Laboratory, Dept of Biology and Genetics, Paris Saclay University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Center for Immunology of Viral, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM U1184, CEA, Auto-Immune, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
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Johnston C, Scheele S, Bachmann L, Boily MC, Chaiyakunapruk N, Deal C, Delany-Moretlwe S, Lee S, Looker K, Marshall C, Mello MB, Ndowa F, Gottlieb S. Vaccine value profile for herpes simplex virus. Vaccine 2024; 42:S82-S100. [PMID: 39003018 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are chronic, highly prevalent viral infections that cause significant morbidity around the world. HSV-2 is sexually transmitted and is the leading cause of genital ulcer disease (GUD). It also increases the risk of HIV acquisition, fueling the HIV epidemic. HSV-1 is typically acquired in childhood through nonsexual contact and contributes to oral and ocular disease, but it can also be sexually transmitted to cause GUD. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 cause neonatal herpes and neurologic disease. Given the ubiquitous nature of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections and the limited existing prevention and control measures, vaccination would be the most efficient strategy to reduce the global burden of morbidity related to HSV infection. Vaccine strategies include prophylactic vaccination, which would prevent infection among susceptible persons and would likely be given to adolescents, and therapeutic vaccinations, which would be given to people with symptomatic genital HSV-2 infection. This document discusses the vaccine value profile of both types of vaccines. This 'Vaccine Value Profile' (VVP) for HSV is intended to provide a high-level, holistic assessment of the information and data that are currently available to inform the potential public health, economic and societal value of pipeline vaccines and vaccine-like products. This VVP was developed by subject matter experts from academia, non-profit organizations, government agencies and multi-lateral organizations. All contributors have extensive expertise on various elements of the HSV VVP and collectively aimed to identify current research and knowledge gaps. The VVP was developed using only existing and publicly available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Johnston
- Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Suzanne Scheele
- Center for Vaccine Introduction and Access, PATH, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Bachmann
- Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Boily
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of Utah College of Pharmacy, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Carolyn Deal
- Enteric and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Shaun Lee
- Monash University Malaysia, Subang, Malaysia
| | - Katharine Looker
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Marshall
- Department of Immunizations, Vaccines and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maeve B Mello
- Global HIV, Hepatitis and STI Programmes, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Sami Gottlieb
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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García-Irigoyen A, Guzmán-Bucio S, Molina-López JF, Vega-Memije ME, Platonoff AL. Perianal Ulcers from Antihemorrhoidal Ointment: A Case Report and Literature Review. Adv Skin Wound Care 2024; 37:1-6. [PMID: 38899826 DOI: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Perianal ulcers (PAUs) related to antihemorrhoidal product use have been recently reported in the literature through a few case reports. However, other etiologies of PAU must be ruled out, including infectious disease, inflammatory disease, malignancy, pressure injuries, radiotherapy, and other topical drugs. In this report, the authors describe two cases of PAUs due to an antihemorrhoidal ointment. In case 1, a 68-year-old woman with a history of hemorrhoids presented with PAUs after using an antihemorrhoidal ointment for 2 months. The ulcers were assessed through a histopathologic study and treated with calcium alginate dressings, with complete re-epithelialization occurring after 2 months. In case 2, a 58-year-old woman with a history of hemorrhoids developed painful PAUs while using an antihemorrhoidal ointment for 2 months. No other probable cause was found, and the ulcers were treated by discontinuing the ointment. The ulcers showed marked improvement, and complete re-epithelialization occurred after 6 weeks without additional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro García-Irigoyen
- In Mexico City, Mexico, Alejandro García-Irigoyen, MD, is Dermatology Resident, Division of Dermatology, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González; Simón Guzmán-Bucio, MD, is Undergraduate Researcher, Division of Dermatology, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González; Juan Francisco Molina-López, MD, is Attending, Coloproctology Department, Centro Médico ABC; María Elisa Vega-Memije, MD, is Researcher and Head of the Division of Dermatology, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González; and Adriana Lozano Platonoff, MD, is Researcher, Interdisciplinary Wound and Ostomy Care Center, Division of Dermatology, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González
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4
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Kogler A, Sadoghi B, Draschl A, Chromy D, Binder L, Schiefer-Niederkorn A, Hofmann-Wellenhof EL, Wolf P. Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium at pharyngeal and anorectal sites in patients presenting to an STI outpatient ward. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38606611 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is unbridled and on the rise. Extragenital STIs (anal and pharyngeal infections) are commonly asymptomatic, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment and consequently higher chances of onward transmission. OBJECTIVE The aim of this observational single-centre study was to determine the prevalence of STIs at extragenital sites in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients presenting at an STI outpatient clinic. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who presented between October 2019 and February 2021 at the STI outpatient clinic of a tertiary centre in Central Europe. Patients were included in the study if they received at least one pharyngeal and/or anorectal swab in addition to a genital swab for multiplex-PCR STI diagnostics. Demographic data, symptoms and serological results were collected and analysed. RESULTS Data collected from 440 patients were analysed (mean age: 33.9 years, male: n = 345, 78.4%, female: n = 95, 21.6%). Ninety-seven males reported having sex with men (MSM); 174 patients identified as heterosexual (132 males, 42 females), and 10 females as bisexual. The sexual orientation was not reported in 159 cases. An STI was confirmed in 195 patients (44.3%) and, among those, 109 patients (55.9%) tested positive for an STI at extragenital sites. Seventy-one patients had a pharyngeal STI whereas 61 were infected in the anorectal region. Of those suffering from an extragenital STI, 64.2% (70 out of 109) tested negative for relevant pathogens at genital sites. The most frequently detected extragenital pathogen was Neisseria gonorrhoeae (71.8% of all pharyngeal STIs [51 out of 71], 55.7% of anorectal STIs [34 out of 61]), followed by Chlamydia trachomatis (41.0% of all anal infections [25 out of 61], 5.6% of pharyngeal infections [4 out of 71]). Pharyngeal and anorectal infections were asymptomatic in 88.7% [63 out of 71] and 65.6% [40 out of 61] of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION These results underline the need to perform multisite testing, regardless of the presence of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kogler
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - B Sadoghi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Draschl
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Chromy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Binder
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Schiefer-Niederkorn
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - E L Hofmann-Wellenhof
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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5
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Mehrmal S, Mojica R, Guo AM, Missall TA. Diagnostic Methods and Management Strategies of Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster Infections. Clin Geriatr Med 2024; 40:147-175. [PMID: 38000858 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Herpesviruses are medium-sized double-stranded DNA viruses. Of more than 80 herpesviruses identified, only 9 human herpesviruses have been found to cause infection in humans. These include herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cyto-megalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus (HHV-6A, HHV-6B, HHV-7, HHV-8). HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV can be problematic given their characteristic neurotropism which is the ability to invade via fusion of its plasma membrane and reside within neural tissue. HSV and VZV primarily infect mucocutaneous surfaces and remain latent in the dorsal root ganglia for a host's entire life. Reactivation causes either asymptomatic shedding of virus or clinical manifestation of vesicular lesions. The clinical presentation is influenced by the portal of entry, the immune status of the host, and whether the infection is primary or recurrent. Affecting 60% to 95% of adults, herpesvirus-associated infections include gingivostomatitis, orofacial and genital herpes,and primary varicella and herpes zoster. Symptomatology, treatment, and potential complications vary based on primary and recurrent infections as well as the patient's immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sino Mehrmal
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1225 South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Rafael Mojica
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 4037 Northwest 86th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA
| | - Aibing Mary Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1225 South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Tricia A Missall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, 4037 Northwest 86th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32606, USA.
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Chang W, Hao M, Qiu J, Sherman BT, Imamichi T. Discovery of a Novel Intron in US10/US11/US12 of HSV-1 Strain 17. Viruses 2023; 15:2144. [PMID: 38005822 PMCID: PMC10675037 DOI: 10.3390/v15112144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects humans and causes a variety of clinical manifestations. Many HSV-1 genomes have been sequenced with high-throughput sequencing technologies and the annotation of these genome sequences heavily relies on the known genes in reference strains. Consequently, the accuracy of reference strain annotation is critical for future research and treatment of HSV-1 infection. In this study, we analyzed RNA-Seq data of HSV-1 from NCBI databases and discovered a novel intron in the overlapping coding sequence (CDS) of US10 and US11, and the 3' UTR of US12 in strain 17, a commonly used HSV-1 reference strain. To comprehensively understand the shared US10/US11/US12 intron structure, we used US11 as a representative and surveyed all US11 gene sequences from the NCBI nt/nr database. A total of 193 high-quality US11 sequences were obtained, of which 186 sequences have a domain of uninterrupted tandemly repeated RXP (Arg-X-Pro) in the C-terminus half of the protein. In total, 97 of the 186 sequences encode US11 protein with the same length of the mature US11 in strain 17:26 of them have the same structure of US11 and can be spliced as in strain 17; 71 of them have transcripts that are the same as mature US11 mRNA in strain 17. In total, 76 US11 gene sequences have either canonical or known noncanonical intron border sequences and may be spliced like strain 17 and obtain mature US11 CDS with the same length. If not spliced, they will have extra RXP repeats. A tandemly repeated RXP domain was proposed to be essential for US11 to bind with RNA and other host factors. US10 protein sequences from the same strains have also been studied. The results of this study show that even a frequently used reference organism may have errors in widely used databases. This study provides accurate annotation of the US10, US11, and US12 gene structure, which will build a more solid foundation to study expression regulation of the function of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhong Chang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Lmmunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.H.); (J.Q.); (B.T.S.); (T.I.)
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7
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AlMukdad S, Harfouche M, Farooqui US, Aldos L, Abu-Raddad LJ. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Canada: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1118249. [PMID: 37521995 PMCID: PMC10375289 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1118249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to characterize herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Canada. Methods HSV-1 publications as recent as December 6, 2021 were systematically reviewed, synthesized, and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted. Results HSV-1 measures were extracted from 22 studies and included 32 overall seroprevalence measures (79 stratified), 2 overall proportions of HSV-1 detection in clinically diagnosed genital ulcer disease (2 stratified), and 8 overall proportions of HSV-1 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes (27 stratified). Pooled mean seroprevalence was 19.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.6-26.4%] among healthy children and 51.4% (95% CI: 47.3-55.5%) among healthy adults. Pooled mean seroprevalence among healthy general populations increased with age, with the lowest being 35.7% (95% CI: 29.1-42.6%) among individuals <20 years of age, and the highest being 70.0% (95% CI: 54.8-83.2) among individuals ≥40 years. Seroprevalence increased by 1.02-fold (95% CI: 1.01-1.04) per year. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital ulcer disease was 30.8% (95% CI: 12.6-52.8%). Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes was 37.4% (95% CI: 29.5-45.6%) and was highest in women and in young persons. Proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes increased by 1.04-fold (95% CI: 1.00-1.08) per year. Conclusions HSV-1 epidemiology in Canada appears to be shifting toward less oral acquisition in childhood and more genital acquisition in adulthood, particularly among youth. Both HSV-1 seroprevalence and proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes are increasing with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan AlMukdad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Harfouche
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Uzma S. Farooqui
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lana Aldos
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation – Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Nishiyama D, Yoshimura S, Shimizuhira C, Ikeda N, Miyamae N, Sumida Y. Elsberg syndrome caused by herpes zoster in the sacral region with preceding urinary retention. Acute Med Surg 2023; 10:e824. [PMID: 36844677 PMCID: PMC9949514 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elsberg syndrome (ES) is an acute-onset lumbosacral radiculitis with myelitis caused by a herpes virus infection. Case Presentation We present a case of a 77-year-old woman who was admitted with urinary retention prior to genital rash. The patient was diagnosed with ES and treated with intravenous acyclovir 250 mg every 8 h for 1 week. Conclusion Physicians should consider ES in patients with voiding dysfunction, as preceding neurological symptoms may lead to a misdiagnosis. Considering the adverse effects of the antiviral drug, its dosage should be according to the causative virus of the ES as well as the patient's age and medical history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nishiyama
- Department of Emergency MedicineRakuwakai Otowa HospitalKyotoJapan
| | | | | | - Nobuhiro Ikeda
- Department of Emergency MedicineRakuwakai Otowa HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Miyamae
- Department of Emergency MedicineRakuwakai Otowa HospitalKyotoJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Sumida
- Department of Emergency MedicineRakuwakai Otowa HospitalKyotoJapan
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Pipitò L, Caputo V, Cascio A. Verrucous penile lesions and widespread vesicular rash in a 33‐year‐old bisexual man. Int J Dermatol 2022; 62:691-693. [PMID: 36529930 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pipitò
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Checkpoint Palermo Fast‐Track City Casa dei Diritti Palermo Italy
| | - Valentina Caputo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" University of Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G. D'Alessandro" University of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Checkpoint Palermo Fast‐Track City Casa dei Diritti Palermo Italy
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10
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Alareeki A, Osman AM, Khandakji MN, Looker KJ, Harfouche M, Abu-Raddad LJ. Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Europe: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. EUROPE 2022; 25:100558. [PMID: 36818238 PMCID: PMC9929610 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection is a globally prevalent, life-long, sexually transmitted infection. This study characterized HSV-2 seroprevalence in Europe for various at-risk populations and proportions of HSV-2 detection in genital ulcer disease (GUD) and in genital herpes. Data on neonatal herpes and HSV-2's contribution to HIV transmission were also reviewed. Methods Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines were followed to systematically review, synthesize, and report HSV-2 related findings. The search was conducted in PubMed and Embase databases up to February 20, 2022. Any publication reporting data on the outcome measures was included. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted. Findings 211 relevant reports were identified, including 12 overall incidence measures, 294 overall (813 stratified by factors such as age and sex) seroprevalence measures, 13 overall (15 stratified by sex) proportions of HSV-2 detection in clinically diagnosed GUD, and 70 overall (183 stratified by factors such as age and sex) proportions of HSV-2 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 12.4% (95% CI: 11.5-13.3%) among general populations, 27.8% (95% CI: 17.5-39.4%) among men who have sex with men, 46.0% (95% CI: 40.1-51.8%) among people living with HIV and people in HIV discordant couples, and 63.2% (95% CI: 55.5-70.6%) among female sex workers. Most measures showed heterogeneity in HSV-2 seroprevalence. The pooled mean seroprevalence among general populations increased with age and was 0.65-fold (95% CI: 0.58-0.74) lower in men than women. Seroprevalence decreased by 1% per calendar year. Pooled mean proportions of HSV-2 detection in GUD and in genital herpes were 22.0% (95% CI: 15.3-29.6%) and 66.0% (95% CI: 62.9-69.1%), respectively. HSV-2 detection in genital herpes cases was 1.21-fold (95% CI: 1.10-1.32) higher in men compared to women and decreased by 1% per calendar year. Incidence of neonatal herpes indicated an increasing trend. Interpretation Although seroprevalence is declining, a significant proportion of Europe's population is infected with HSV-2. HSV-2 accounts for approximately one-fifth of GUD cases and two-thirds of genital herpes cases. Findings support the need to invest in HSV-2 vaccine development, and sexual and reproductive health services. Funding Qatar National Research Fund [NPRP 9-040-3-008] and pilot funding from the Biomedical Research Program at Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar supported this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asalah Alareeki
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aisha M.M. Osman
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohannad N. Khandakji
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katharine J. Looker
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Manale Harfouche
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J. Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha, Qatar,Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA,Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Member of QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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11
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Acyclovir resistance in herpes simplex viruses: Prevalence and therapeutic alternatives. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Efficacy of Lazolex® Gel in the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Mucocutaneous Infections and the Prevention of Recurrences: A Pilot Study. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:4413679. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4413679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that walnut extract has a therapeutic effect on herpes simplex infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of Lazolex® Gel (Iveriapharma, Tbilisi, Georgia), an emollient gel to treat mucocutaneous lesions caused by herpes simplex virus. Methods. A single-center, single-arm, open-label, phase II clinical trial was conducted with 30 patients divided into two groups: 15 patients with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections and 15 with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). All received topical treatment with Lazolex® Gel four times a day for 10 days. The efficacy and tolerance of the treatment were evaluated on day 10 and day 20 of the study. Recurrence rates were also evaluated both prior to treatment with Lazolex® and over a 4-year follow-up period subsequent to treatment. Results. The median effective time to resolution of symptoms (itching, burning, and pain) was 1.97 days in the HSV-1 group and 3.11 days in the HSV-2 group. The median effective time for vesicles and erosion to disappear was 3.64 days in the HSV-1 group and 3.88 days for the HSV-2 group. Finally, the median effective time for inflammatory signs to disappear was 5.70 and 4.32 days, respectively. Following treatment with Lazolex® Gel, the frequency of outbreaks decreased from a median of 2.00 and 1.00 times per year in the HSV-1 and HSV-2 cohorts to 0.25 and 0.00 (
and
), respectively. Conclusions. Topical treatment with Lazolex® Gel applied to lesions four times a day for 10 days was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of herpes simplex mucocutaneous infections and dramatically reduced the rate of recurrence. Clinical trial was approved by Drug Agency of Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs of Georgia, registration # DA Nº CT-000032, date of approval 01.10.2007.
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13
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Pipitò L, Cascio A. Genital pustules, fever, lymphadenopathy in a heterosexual couple. Travel Med Infect Dis 2022; 50:102483. [PMID: 36288762 PMCID: PMC9597906 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pipitò
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Palermo Fast-Track City, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties "G D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Palermo Fast-Track City, 90100, Palermo, Italy.
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14
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Rare neurological complication in an adolescent with kidney failure secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:4093-4095. [PMID: 34355261 PMCID: PMC8602745 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Rare neurological complication in an adolescent with kidney failure secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus: Questions. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:4089-4091. [PMID: 34355260 PMCID: PMC8602774 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Srinivasan D, Kaul CM, Buttar AB, Nottingham FI, Greene JB. Disseminated Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) as a Cause of Viral Hepatitis in an Immunocompetent Host. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e932474. [PMID: 34341324 PMCID: PMC8349572 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.932474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 57-year-old Final Diagnosis: Hepatitis • herpes Symptoms: Fever Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: General and Internal Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushyanth Srinivasan
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Kaul
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Amna B Buttar
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Fatima I Nottingham
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Greene
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University (NYU) Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
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17
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Ramos MC, Sardinha JC, Alencar HDRD, Aragón MG, Lannoy LHD. Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e2020663. [PMID: 34008730 PMCID: PMC8210487 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-663-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections that cause genital ulcers are one of the themes comprising the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article addresses clinical genital ulcer syndrome caused by sexually transmitted infections and its most common etiological agents: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus-2 (genital herpes) and herpes simplex virus-1 (perioral herpes), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 (lymphogranuloma venereum), and Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections and guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment are presented, including strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control actions to support health managers and professionals in the qualification of care. Approximately 70% of the genital ulcers attended in specialized clinics are due to sexually transmitted infections, particularly in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Carlos Sardinha
- Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venerologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | | | - Mayra Gonçalves Aragón
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Leonor Henriette de Lannoy
- Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
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18
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Ayoub HH, Amara I, Awad SF, Omori R, Chemaitelly H, Abu-Raddad LJ. Analytic Characterization of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Epidemic in the United States, 1950-2050. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab218. [PMID: 34262986 PMCID: PMC8274361 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We analytically characterized the past, present, and future levels and trends of the national herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) epidemic in the United States. Methods A population-level mathematical model was constructed to describe HSV-2 transmission dynamics and was fitted to the data series of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results Over 1950–2050, antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) increased rapidly from 1960, peaking at 19.9% in 1983 in those aged 15–49 years, before reversing course to decline to 13.2% by 2020 and 8.5% by 2050. Incidence rate peaked in 1971 at 11.9 per 1000 person-years, before declining by 59% by 2020 and 70% by 2050. Annual number of new infections peaked at 1 033 000 in 1978, before declining to 667 000 by 2020 and 600 000 by 2050. Women were disproportionately affected, averaging 75% higher seroprevalence, 95% higher incidence rate, and 71% higher annual number of infections. In 2020, 78% of infections were acquired by those 15–34 years of age. Conclusions The epidemic has undergone a major transition over a century, with the greatest impact in those 15–34 years of age. In addition to 47 million prevalent infections in 2020, high incidence will persist over the next 3 decades, adding >600 000 new infections every year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein H Ayoub
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibtihel Amara
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susanne F Awad
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Disease Epidemiology Analytics on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Infections, and Viral Hepatitis, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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19
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Ramos MC, Sardinha JC, Alencar HDRD, Aragón MG, Lannoy LHD. [Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: infections that cause genital ulcers]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e2020663. [PMID: 33729413 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-4974202100010.esp1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infections that cause genital ulcers are one of the themes comprising the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The Protocol and Guidelines have been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article addresses clinical genital ulcer syndrome caused by sexually transmitted infections, and its most common etiological agents: Treponema pallidum (syphilis), herpes simplex virus-2 (genital herpes) and herpes simplex virus-1 (perioral herpes), Haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid), Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 (venereal lymphogranuloma), and Klebsiella granulomatis (donovanosis). Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections are presented, as well as guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment, in addition to strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions, with the purpose of supporting health managers and professionals in the qualification of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cunha Ramos
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul, Ambulatório de Dermatologia Sanitária, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - José Carlos Sardinha
- Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venerologia Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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20
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Reis J, Santos FV. Perianal Reactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 After Laser-Assisted Hair Removal. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 48:e30-e31. [PMID: 33448730 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We report a case of perianal reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 2 in a 27-year-old man, who was HIV positive with good immunovirological status, after a laser-assisted (alexandrite) hair removal session. We discuss the clinical and laboratory features and the role of prophylaxis with antivirals, particularly in certain patients such as immunocompromised ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábio Videira Santos
- Infectious Diseases Departments, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Porto, Portugal
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21
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Richmond A, Pfieffer ML, Henry-Okafor Q. Update on Guidelines for Sexually Transmitted Infection Treatment and Management in the Adult and Adolescent Population. Nurs Clin North Am 2020; 55:307-323. [PMID: 32762852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a prevalent global health care problem. Incidence rates are rising yearly. STI incidence is highest for adolescents and young adults ages 15 to 24, who are diagnosed with half of all new STIs. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea are common STIs caused by bacteria. Treatment guidelines change frequently as a result of antimicrobial resistance and public health trends. It is important for primary care providers to remain up to date with new guidelines. This article provides updates on pharmacologic treatment as well as patient education and follow-up specific to the primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richmond
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 356 Frist Hall, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Mary Lauren Pfieffer
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 354 Frist Hall, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Queen Henry-Okafor
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 354 Frist Hall, 461 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
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22
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Abstract
Genital herpes simplex virus infections are among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections in the United States. It continues to be a public health concern because of its recurrent nature and potential for complications. Treatment is not curative, but rather serves to shorten the duration of symptoms and improve quality of life. Current therapies include episodic treatment and chronic suppressive therapy and are generally well tolerated and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Cole
- Vanderbilt University School of Nursing, 461 21st Avenue South, 368 Frist Hall, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
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23
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Khadr L, Harfouche M, Omori R, Schwarzer G, Chemaitelly H, Abu-Raddad LJ. The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Asia: Systematic Review, Meta-analyses, and Meta-regressions. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:757-772. [PMID: 30020453 PMCID: PMC6376104 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Asia was characterized by assessing seroprevalence levels and extent to which HSV-1 is isolated from clinically diagnosed genital ulcer disease (GUD) and genital herpes. Methods HSV-1 reports in Asia were systematically reviewed and synthesized, following PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled mean seroprevalence and proportion of HSV-1 detection in GUD and genital herpes. Random-effects meta-regressions identified predictors of seroprevalence and sources of between-study heterogeneity. Results Forty-nine relevant publications were identified. Fifty-four overall seroprevalence measures (182 stratified measures), and 8 and 24 proportions of HSV-1 detection in GUD and in genital herpes, respectively, were extracted. The pooled mean seroprevalence was 50.0% (n = 26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 41.3%–58.7%) for children and 76.5% (n = 151; 73.3%–79.6%) for adults. By age group, the pooled mean was lowest at 55.5% (n = 37; 95% CI, 47.5%–63.4%) in individuals aged <20 years, followed by 67.9% (n = 48; 62.4%–73.3%) in those aged 20–39 and 87.5% (n = 44; 83.4%–91.1%) in those aged ≥40 years. In meta-regression, age was the major predictor of seroprevalence. The mean proportion of HSV-1 detection was 5.6% (n = 8; 95% CI, 0.8%–13.6%) in GUD and 18.8% (n = 24; 12.0%–26.7%) in genital herpes. Conclusions HSV-1 epidemiology is transitioning in Asia. HSV-1 is probably playing a significant role as a sexually transmitted infection, explaining one-fifth of genital herpes cases. There is a need for expanded seroprevalence monitoring and GUD/genital herpes etiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Khadr
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Manale Harfouche
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha
| | - Ryosuke Omori
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation–Education City, Doha
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: L. J. Abu-Raddad, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine–Qatar, Qatar Foundation–Education City, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar ()
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Genital Herpes: Clinical and Scientific Novelties. Sex Transm Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02200-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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25
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Sasso BM, Florence MEB, Magalhaes RF, Velho PENF, de Souza EM, Cintra ML, Stelini RF. Herpes simplex virus mucocutaneous tumoural lesions - Systematic review. J Clin Virol 2019; 123:104246. [PMID: 31927151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2019.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The goal was to characterize the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with mucocutaneous tumoural herpes simplex virus (MCT HSV) lesions across the world. Two researchers extracted and independently reviewed data from the literature search engine PubMed/MEDLINE through October 2018. From 110 reported patients, the following data were available: the patients' ages ranged from 7 to 76 years; the majority was male (62.73 %-69/110) and immunosuppression was found in 97.25 % (106/109, missing 1) cases, of whom 88 were HIV- related. Lesions size varied from 0.2-13 cm, settling in the anogenital region in 76.36 % (84/110) patients; 84.13 % (53/63, missing 47) complained of pain and multiple recurrences were found in 44.94 % (40/89, missing 21) cases. On clinical basis, the initial hypothesis was neoplasia in 36/53 patients. Histopathological diagnosis was achieved in 90 % (90/100, missing 10) cases and was sample size-dependent. Type 2 HSV was detected in 86.07 % (68/79, missing 31) lesions. MCT HSV lesions recurrence after treatment was reported in 33.96 % (18/53, missing 57) patients. Pathophysiology is poorly understood. Physicians should be aware of MCT HSV lesions in immunosuppressed patients to avoid inappropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Morassi Sasso
- Pathology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Dermatology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michelle Etienne Baptistella Florence
- Pathology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Dermatology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Ferreira Magalhaes
- Dermatology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Neves Ferreira Velho
- Dermatology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elemir Macedo de Souza
- Pathology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Dermatology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Leticia Cintra
- Pathology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fantelli Stelini
- Pathology Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126 - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz., CEP 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Mariaggi AA, Boujenah J, L'Honneur AS, Carbillon L, Rozenberg F. Genital zoster in near term pregnancy: Case report and need of management guidelines. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 49:101675. [PMID: 31852623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes simplex infection close to delivery may be transmitted to the newborn. Guidelines for genital herpes during pregnancy have been elaborated to reduce the risks of neonatal herpes. Genital herpes zoster due to reactivation of varicella zoster virus (VZV) from sacral ganglia is an under recognized cause of genital lesions. The risks of genital zoster near delivery for the newborn have not been evaluated. No guidelines have taken into account this rare viral infection during pregnancy. A pregnant woman at 38 weeks gestation presented herpes-like genital vesicular lesions in absence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) past history. Rapid HSV molecular testing was negative despite clinically suggestive lesions. A control multiplex PCR was performed, which evidenced VZV. The woman was treated with acyclovir until delivery. The newborn was healthy. VZV should be investigated in HSV- negative herpes-like genital lesions during pregnancy. Diagnosis of genital lesions requires virological confirmation to adapt obstetrical and neonatal management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy Boujenah
- Université Paris 13, APHP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, France
| | | | - Lionel Carbillon
- Université Paris 13, APHP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Université de Paris, APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Service de Virologie, France.
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Michaelis M, Kleinschmidt MC, Bojkova D, Rabenau HF, Wass MN, Cinatl J. Omeprazole Increases the Efficacy of Acyclovir Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and 2. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2790. [PMID: 31849920 PMCID: PMC6901432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Omeprazole was shown to improve the anti-cancer effects of the nucleoside analogue 5-fluorouracil. Here, we combined omeprazole with the antiviral nucleoside analogues ribavirin and acyclovir. Omeprazole did not affect the antiviral effects of ribavirin in non-toxic concentrations up to 80 μg/mL but increased the acyclovir-mediated effects on herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2) replication in a dose-dependent manner. Omeprazole alone reduced HSV-1 and -2 titers [but not HSV-induced formation of cytopathogenic effects (CPE)] at concentrations ≥40 μg/mL. However, it exerted substantially stronger effects on acyclovir activity and also increased acyclovir activity at lower concentrations that did not directly interfere with HSV replication. Omeprazole 80 μg/mL caused a 10.8-fold (Vero cells) and 47.7-fold (HaCaT cells) decrease of the acyclovir concentrations that reduced HSV-1-induced CPE formation by 50% (IC50). In HSV-2-infected cells, omeprazole 80 μg/mL reduced the acyclovir IC50 by 7.3- (Vero cells) and 12.9-fold (HaCaT cells). In HaCaT cells, omeprazole 80 μg/mL reduced the HSV-1 titer in the presence of acyclovir 1 μg/mL by 1.6 × 105-fold and the HSV-2 titer in the presence of acyclovir 2 μg/mL by 9.2 × 103-fold. The proton pump inhibitors pantoprazole, rabeprazole, lansoprazole, and dexlansoprazole increased the antiviral effects of acyclovir in a similar fashion as omeprazole, indicating this to be a drug class effect. In conclusion, proton pump inhibitors increase the anti-HSV activity of acyclovir and are candidates for antiviral therapies in combination with acyclovir, in particular for topical preparations for the treatment of immunocompromised individuals who are more likely to suffer from severe complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Malte C Kleinschmidt
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mark N Wass
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Evaluation of RealStar® Alpha Herpesvirus PCR Kit for Detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV in Clinical Specimens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5715180. [PMID: 31687393 PMCID: PMC6803750 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5715180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Several commercial PCR kits are available for detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV), but the test performance of one CE-marked in vitro diagnostic kit—RealStar® alpha Herpesvirus PCR Kit—has not been well studied. This study evaluated the performance of RealStar® alpha Herpesvirus PCR Kit 1.0 on the LightCycler® 480 Instrument II for detection and differentiation of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV in human clinical specimens. We evaluated the analytical sensitivity of the RealStar® and in-house multiplex real-time PCR assays using serial dilutions of nucleic acids extracted from clinical specimens. The analytical sensitivity of the RealStar® assay was 10, 32, and 100 copies/reaction for HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV, respectively, which was slightly higher than that of the in-house multiplex real-time PCR assay. Reproducibility of the cycle threshold (Cp) values for each viral target was satisfactory with the intra- and interassay coefficient of variation values below 5% for both assays. One-hundred and fifty-three clinical specimens and 15 proficiency testing samples were used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of RealStar® alpha Herpesvirus PCR Kit against the in-house multiplex real-time PCR assay. The RealStar® assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity when compared to the in-house assay. Cp values of the RealStar® and in-house assays showed excellent correlation. RealStar® alpha Herpesvirus PCR is a sensitive, specific, and reliable assay for the detection of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV, with less extensive verification requirements compared to a laboratory developed assay.
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29
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Van Wagoner N, Fife K, Leone PA, Bernstein DI, Warren T, Panther L, Novak RM, Beigi R, Kriesel J, Tyring S, Koltun W, Lucksinger G, Morris A, Zhang B, McNeil LK, Tasker S, Hetherington S, Wald A. Effects of Different Doses of GEN-003, a Therapeutic Vaccine for Genital Herpes Simplex Virus-2, on Viral Shedding and Lesions: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1890-1899. [PMID: 29982727 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GEN-003 is a candidate therapeutic vaccine for genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). We compared virologic and clinical impact of varying GEN-003 doses. Methods Adults with symptomatic HSV-2 received placebo or GEN-003 (30 or 60 µg antigen with 25, 50, or 75 µg adjuvant). Viral shedding and lesion rates before vaccination were compared with those measured immediately after vaccination, then at weeks 29-33 and 53-57 after last dose. Results Compared with baseline shedding rates, the rate ratios for viral shedding immediately after treatment were as follows: 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49-1.36), 30 µg antigen/25 µg adjuvant (30/25) dose; 0.64 (95% CI, 0.45-0.92), 30/50 dose; 0.63 (95% CI, 0.37-1.10), 30/75 dose; 0.56 (95% CI, 0.36-0.88), 60/25 dose; 0.58 (95% CI, 0.38-0.89), 60/50 dose; 0.45 (95% CI, 0.16-0.79), 60/75 dose; and 0.98 (95% CI, 0.76-1.26), placebo. Lesion rate reductions by GEN-003 ranged from 31% to 69%, but lesion rates also decreased among placebo recipients (62%). Reductions in shedding and lesion rate were durable for 12 months for the 60 µg antigen plus 50 or 75 µg adjuvant groups. No serious adverse events occurred with vaccination. Conclusions The most efficacious vaccine combinations for GEN-003 were the 60 µg/50 µg and 60 µg/75 µg doses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth Fife
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Peter A Leone
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - David I Bernstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati
| | | | - Lori Panther
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard M Novak
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Illinois, Chicago
| | - Richard Beigi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - John Kriesel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Stephen Tyring
- Center for Clinical Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center; Houston
| | - William Koltun
- Medical Center for Clinical Research, San Diego, California
| | | | | | - Bin Zhang
- Genocea Biosciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Anna Wald
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Li Q. Characteristics of herpes simplex virus infection and pathogenesis suggest a strategy for vaccine development. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2054. [PMID: 31197909 PMCID: PMC6771534 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause oral or genital ulcerative lesions and even encephalitis in various age groups with high infection rates. More seriously, HSV may lead to a wide range of recurrent diseases throughout a lifetime. No vaccines against HSV are currently available. The accumulated clinical research data for HSV vaccines reveal that the effects of HSV interacting with the host, especially the host immune system, may be important for the development of HSV vaccines. HSV vaccine development remains a major challenge. Thus, we focus on the research data regarding the interactions of HSV and host immune cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells, and the related signal transduction pathways involved in immune evasion and cytokine production. The aim is to explore possible strategies to develop new effective HSV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
| | - Qihan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeKunmingChina
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31
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Characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence declines and epidemiological association in the United States. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214151. [PMID: 31170140 PMCID: PMC6553692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Assessing the epidemiological association between herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) infections in the United States, and characterizing the trends in the standardized HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibody prevalences (seroprevalences), 1999–2016. Methods Source of data was the cross-sectional and nationally-representative biennial surveys of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). All nine NHANES rounds for 1999–2016 were included in analysis. Datasets of these rounds were combined and analyzed accounting for survey design and applying weighting procedures. Logistic regressions were used to identify associations with seropositivity. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results Odds of HSV-1 infection declined by 2.84% (95% CI: 1.70%-4.00%) annually among men, and by 2.22% (95% CI: 1.23%-3.21%) among women. Declines were highest at younger ages. Odds of HSV-2 infection declined by 2.23% (95% CI: 0.71%-3.82%) annually among men, and by 2.89% (95% CI: 1.57%-4.28%) among women. Odds ratio of the association between HSV-2 and HSV-1 seropositivity was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60–0.84) for men and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91) for women, after adjustment for age, ethnicity, and year. Conclusion HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalences showed a strong declining trend for at least two decades, for both sexes and for the different ethnicities, possibly reflecting improvements in hygiene and living conditions (for HSV-1), and safer sexual behavior (for HSV-2). HSV-1 seroprevalence declines are most pronounced among young individuals. There is evidence for cross protection between the two infections, suggestive of HSV-1 seropositivity being partially protective against HSV-2 infection.
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32
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Ayoub HH, Chemaitelly H, Abu-Raddad LJ. Characterizing the transitioning epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in the USA: model-based predictions. BMC Med 2019; 17:57. [PMID: 30853029 PMCID: PMC6410528 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent lifelong infection that appears to be undergoing an epidemiologic transition in the United States (US). Using an analytical approach, this study aimed to characterize HSV-1 transitioning epidemiology and estimate its epidemiologic indicators, past, present, and future. METHODS An age-structured mathematical model was developed to describe HSV-1 transmission through oral and sexual modes of transmission. The model was fitted to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1976-2016 data series. RESULTS HSV-1 seroprevalence was projected to decline from 61.5% in 1970 to 54.8% in 2018, 48.5% in 2050, and 42.0% in 2100. In < 3 decades, seroprevalence declined by > 30% for those aged 0-19 years, but < 5% for those aged > 60. Meanwhile, the number of new infections per year (oral and genital) was persistent at 2,762,000 in 1970, 2,941,000 in 2018, 2,933,000 in 2050, and 2,960,000 in 2100. Of this total, genital acquisitions contributed 252,000 infections in 1970, 410,000 in 2018, 478,000 in 2050, and 440,000 in 2100-a quarter of which are symptomatic with clinical manifestations. For those aged 15-49 years, nearly 25% of incident infections are genital. Most genital acquisitions (> 85%) were due to oral-to-genital transmission through oral sex, as opposed to genital-to-genital transmission through sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION HSV-1 epidemiology is undergoing a remarkable transition in the US, with less exposure in childhood and more in adulthood, and less oral but more genital acquisition. HSV-1 will persist as a widely prevalent infection, with ever-increasing genital disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houssein H Ayoub
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Physics, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar. .,Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA.
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York City, NY, USA. .,College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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33
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Chaabane S, Harfouche M, Chemaitelly H, Schwarzer G, Abu-Raddad LJ. Herpes simplex virus type 1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1136. [PMID: 30718696 PMCID: PMC6362060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37833-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). HSV-1 records were systematically reviewed. Findings were reported following the PRISMA guidelines. Random-effects meta-analyses were implemented to estimate pooled mean HSV-1 seroprevalence. Random-effects meta-regressions were conducted to identify predictors of higher seroprevalence. Thirty-nine overall seroprevalence measures yielding 85 stratified measures were identified and included in the analyses. Pooled mean seroprevalence was 65.2% (95% CI: 53.6-76.1%) in children, and 91.5% (95% CI: 89.4-93.5%) in adults. By age group, seroprevalence was lowest at 60.5% (95% CI: 48.1-72.3%) in <10 years old, followed by 85.6% (95% CI: 80.5-90.1%) in 10-19 years old, 90.7% (95% CI: 84.7-95.5%) in 20-29 years old, and 94.3% (95% CI: 89.5-97.9%) in ≥30 years old. Age was the strongest predictor of seroprevalence explaining 44.3% of the variation. Assay type, sex, population type, year of data collection, year of publication, sample size, and sampling method were not significantly associated with seroprevalence. The a priori considered factors explained 48.6% of the variation in seroprevalence. HSV-1 seroprevalence persists at high levels in MENA with most infections acquired in childhood. There is no evidence for declines in seroprevalence despite improving socio-economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Chaabane
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manale Harfouche
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hiam Chemaitelly
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Guido Schwarzer
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Healthcare Policy & Ressearch, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, USA.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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Abstract
This review on herpes simplex virus type I and type II (HSV‑I, HSV‑II) summarizes recent developments in clinical manifestations and treatment interventions for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes, as well as those regarding vaccination issues. Among the clinical presentations, the relationship between pyogenic granuloma and chronic HSV‑I infection; HSV-related folliculitis; verrucous HSV‑I and HSV‑II lesions; the role of recurrent HSV‑I infection in burning mouth syndrome; HSV‑I and HSV‑II infection of the periareolar area; zosteriform HSV; the "knife-cut sign"; and the preferential colonization and infection of preexisting dermatoses by HSV‑I or HSV‑II are discussed. The usual antiviral treatment regimens for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes are compared to short-term and one-day treatment options. New anti-HSV‑I and anti-HSV‑II agents include amenavir, pritelivir, brincidofovir, valomaciclovir, and FV-100. Therapeutic or preventive vaccination against HSV‑I and HSV‑II infections still remains a highly desirable treatment aim, which, unfortunately, has no clinically relevant applications to date.
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35
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Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Genital Ulcers. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Baquero Artigao F, Prieto Tato LM, Ramos Amador JT, Alarcón Allen A, de la Calle M, Frick MA, Goncé Mellgren A, González Tomé MI, Moreno Pérez D, Noguera Julian A. The Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex infections. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Performance evaluation of four type-specific commercial assays for detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 antibodies in a Middle East and North Africa population. J Clin Virol 2018; 103:1-7. [PMID: 29597097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of diagnostic assays for the detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antibodies has increased over the years. However, their performance characteristics could vary among global populations. OBJECTIVE To investigate performance of two commercial ELISA kits, HerpeSelect® 1 ELISA and Euroimmun Anti-HSV-1 (gC1) ELISA (IgG); and two commercial immunoblot (IB)/Western blot (WB) assays, HerpeSelect® 1 and 2 Immunoblot IgG, and Euroimmun Anti-HSV-1/HSV-2 gG2 Euroline-WB (IgG/IgM); in detecting HSV-1 antibodies in a Middle East and North Africa (MENA) population. STUDY DESIGN Blood specimens were collected from blood donors in Doha, Qatar, June 2013-2016. Twenty specimens were randomly selected from 10 MENA nationalities (Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen; total = 200), and tested for HSV-1 antibodies. RESULTS Across all six comparisons between assays, positive percent agreement ranged between 95.7% (95% CI: 91.4-98.3%) and 100.0% (95% CI: 97.8-100.0%). Negative percent agreement ranged between 86.2% (95% CI: 68.3-96.1%) and 96.2% (95% CI: 80.4-99.9%). Overall percent agreement ranged between 95.7% (95% CI: 91.7-97.8%) and 99.4% (95% CI: 96.7-99.9%). Cohen's kappa statistic ranged between 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.95) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00). Compared against IB/WB, HerpeSelect® and Euroimmun had sensitivities and specificities >96% and >86%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were >97% and >83%, respectively. CONCLUSION The assays showed excellent concordance with one another, and with a high kappa statistic. The ELISA kits demonstrated robust diagnostic performance compared to the IB/WB assays. These findings support the assays' utility in clinical diagnosis and research in MENA populations.
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[The Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex infections]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018; 89:64.e1-64.e10. [PMID: 29453157 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal herpes simplex virus infections are rare, but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Most newborns acquire herpes simplex virus infection in the peripartum period. For peripartum transmission to occur, women must be shedding the virus in their genital tracts symptomatically or asymptomatically around the time of delivery. There are evidence-based interventions in pregnancy to prevent the transmission to the newborn. Caesarean section should be performed in the presence of herpetic lesions, and antiviral prophylaxis in the last weeks of pregnancy is recommended to suppress genital tract herpes simplex virus at the time of delivery. The diagnosis and early treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections require a high index of suspicion, especially in the absence of skin lesions. It is recommended to rule out herpes simplex virus infections in those newborns with mucocutaneous lesions, central nervous system involvement, or septic appearance. The prognosis of newborns with skin, eye, and/or mouth disease in the high-dose acyclovir era is very good. Antiviral treatment not only improves mortality rates in disseminated and central nervous system disease, but also improves the rates of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in the cases of disseminated disease. Interestingly, a 6-month suppressive course of oral acyclovir following the acute infection has improved the neurodevelopmental prognosis in patients with CNS involvement.
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39
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El Hayderi L, Rübben A, Nikkels AF. [The alpha-herpesviridae in dermatology : Herpes simplex virus types I and II. German version]. Hautarzt 2017; 68:181-186. [PMID: 28197699 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-016-3929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This review on herpes simplex virus type I and type II (HSV-I, HSV-II) summarizes recent developments in clinical manifestations and treatment interventions for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes, as well as those regarding vaccination issues. Among the clinical presentations, the relationship between pyogenic granuloma and chronic HSV-I infection; HSV-related folliculitis; verrucous HSV-I and HSV-II lesions; the role of recurrent HSV-I infection in burning mouth syndrome; HSV-I and HSV-II infection of the periareolar area; zosteriform HSV; the "knife-cut sign"; and the preferential colonization and infection of preexisting dermatoses by HSV-I or HSV-II are discussed. The usual antiviral treatment regimens for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes are compared to short-term and one-day treatment options. New anti-HSV-I and anti-HSV-II agents include amenavir, pritelivir, brincidofovir, valomaciclovir, and FV-100. Therapeutic or preventive vaccination against HSV-I and HSV-II infections still remains a highly desirable treatment aim, which, unfortunately, has no clinically relevant applications to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- L El Hayderi
- Department of Dermatology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgien
| | - A Rübben
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, Aachen, 52074, Deutschland
| | - A F Nikkels
- Department of Dermatology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgien.
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40
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Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. Precise estimates of neonatal sepsis burden vary by setting. Differing estimates of disease burden have been reported from high-income countries compared with reports from low-income and middle-income countries. The clinical manifestations range from subclinical infection to severe manifestations of focal or systemic disease. The source of the pathogen might be attributed to an in-utero infection, acquisition from maternal flora, or postnatal acquisition from the hospital or community. The timing of exposure, inoculum size, immune status of the infant, and virulence of the causative agent influence the clinical expression of neonatal sepsis. Immunological immaturity of the neonate might result in an impaired response to infectious agents. This is especially evident in premature infants whose prolonged stays in hospital and need for invasive procedures place them at increased risk for hospital-acquired infections. Clinically, there is often little difference between sepsis that is caused by an identified pathogen and sepsis that is caused by an unknown pathogen. Culture-independent diagnostics, the use of sepsis prediction scores, judicious antimicrobial use, and the development of preventive measures including maternal vaccines are ongoing efforts designed to reduce the burden of neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi L Shane
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Pablo J Sánchez
- Divisions of Neonatology and Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Barbara J Stoll
- University of Texas, Health McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
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41
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Nasrallah GK, Dargham SR, Mohammed LI, Abu-Raddad LJ. Estimating seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 among different Middle East and North African male populations residing in Qatar. J Med Virol 2017; 90:184-190. [PMID: 28817197 PMCID: PMC5724503 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
HSV‐1 epidemiology in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) remains poorly understood. Our study aimed to measure HSV‐1 antibody prevalence (seroprevalence) and its age‐distribution among select MENA populations residing in Qatar. Sera were collected from male blood donors attending Hamad Medical Corporation 2013‐2015. A total of 2,077 sera were tested for anti‐HSV‐1 antibodies using HerpeSelect® 1 ELISA IgG kits (Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA). Robust Poisson regression was conducted to estimate adjusted infection prevalence ratios. Country‐specific HSV‐1 seroprevalence was estimated for 10 national populations: 97.5% among Egyptians, 92.6% among Yemenis, 90.7% among Sudanese, 88.5% among Syrians, 86.5% among Jordanians, 82.3% among Qataris, 81.4% among Iranians, 81.4% among Lebanese, 80.5% among Palestinians, and 77.0% among Pakistanis. Age‐specific HSV‐1 seroprevalence was estimated for Egypt, the Fertile Crescent (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria), and Qatar. Seroprevalence increased with age among Fertile Crescent and Qatari nationals. Seroprevalence increased from 70.0% among those aged ≤ 24 years up to 98.0% among those aged ≥55 years among Fertile Crescent nationals. Seroprevalence was consistently above 90% for all ages among Egyptians. HSV‐1 seroprevalence is high in MENA, though with some variation across countries. The seroprevalence appears to have declined among current young age cohorts compared to its levels a few decades ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,BioMedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Soha R Dargham
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Laith J Abu-Raddad
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York
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42
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Aravantinou M, Frank I, Arrode-Bruses G, Szpara ML, Grasperge B, Blanchard J, Gettie A, Derby N, Martinelli E. A model of genital herpes simplex virus Type 1 infection in Rhesus Macaques. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:121-128. [PMID: 28748667 PMCID: PMC5553447 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although HSV-2 is the major cause of genital lesions, HSV-1 accounts for half of new cases in developed countries. METHODS Three healthy SHIV-SF162P3-infected Indian rhesus macaques were inoculated with 4×108 pfu of HSV-1 twice, with the second inoculation performed after the vaginal mucosa was gently abraded with a cytobrush. RESULTS HSV-1 DNA was detected in vaginal swabs 5 days after the second but not the first inoculation in all three macaques. An increase in inflammatory cytokines was detected in the vaginal fluids of the animals with no or intermittent shedding. Higher frequency of blood α4 β7high CD4+ T cells was measured in the animals with consistent and intermitted shedding, while a decrease in the frequency of CD69+ CD4+ T cells was present in all animals. CONCLUSIONS This macaque model of genital HSV-1 could be useful to study the impact of the growing epidemic of genital HSV-1 on HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aravantinou
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - I Frank
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - G Arrode-Bruses
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - ML Szpara
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B Grasperge
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - J Blanchard
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - A Gettie
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - N Derby
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
| | - E Martinelli
- Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York, USA
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43
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Lieveld M, Carregosa A, Benoy I, Redzic N, Berth M, Vanden Broeck D. A high resolution melting (HRM) technology-based assay for cost-efficient clinical detection and genotyping of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2. J Virol Methods 2017; 248:181-186. [PMID: 28734843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes can be caused by two very similar viruses, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 or HSV-2. These two HSV types cannot be distinguished clinically, but genotyping is recommended in the first-episodes of genital herpes to guide counselling and management. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the preferred diagnostic method for HSV typing. However, commercial qPCR methods use expensive fluorescent labeled probes for detection. Furthermore, most low-cost methods are not able to differentiate between HSV-1 and -2. The aim of this study was to develop a high resolution melting (HRM) technology-based assay for sensitive HSV-1 and HSV-2 detection and genotyping. Using a panel of 46 clinical specimens, the performance of the HRM assay was compared to two commercial HSV tests: the HRM assay detected HSV in all 23 positive samples, with no false positive results (100% concordance with HSV I/II Real-TM assay). Additionally, the HRM assay correctly genotyped both HSV types in a subset of these clinical samples, as determined by the Realstar HSV PCR Kit. The HSV HRM assay provides a cost-effective alternative method to conventional more expensive assays and can be used in routine clinical specimens, in cases where it is particularly necessary to detect and distinguish HSV-1 from -2.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lieveld
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Urogynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - A Carregosa
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Urogynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - I Benoy
- Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - N Redzic
- Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp, Belgium; AMBIOR, Laboratory for Cell Biology & Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - M Berth
- Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - D Vanden Broeck
- International Centre for Reproductive Health, Department of Urogynaecology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Algemeen Medisch Laboratorium, Sonic Healthcare, Antwerp, Belgium.
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44
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Concomitant Primary Labial and Genital Herpes Simplex I Infections. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Gnann
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
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