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Kimmel GA. Isotope effects in supercooled H2O and D2O and a corresponding-states-like rescaling of the temperature and pressure. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:194508. [PMID: 38767262 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Water shows anomalous properties that are enhanced upon supercooling. The unusual behavior is observed in both H2O and D2O, however, with different temperature dependences for the two isotopes. It is often noted that comparing the properties of the isotopes at two different temperatures (i.e., a temperature shift) approximately accounts for many of the observations-with a temperature shift of 7.2 K in the temperature of maximum density being the most well-known example. However, the physical justification for such a shift is unclear. Motivated by recent work demonstrating a "corresponding-states-like" rescaling for water properties in three classical water models that all exhibit a liquid-liquid transition and critical point [Uralcan et al., J. Chem. Phys. 150, 064503 (2019)], the applicability of this approach for reconciling the differences in the temperature- and pressure-dependent thermodynamic properties of H2O and D2O is investigated here. Utilizing previously published data and equations-of-state for H2O and D2O, we show that the available data and models for these isotopes are consistent with such a low temperature correspondence. These observations provide support for the hypothesis that a liquid-liquid critical point, which is predicted to occur at low temperatures and high pressures, is the origin of many of water's anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Conrad J, Tremaine PR. Third dissociation constant of phosphoric acid in H 2O and D 2O from 75 to 300 °C at p = 20.4 MPa using Raman spectroscopy and a titanium-sapphire flow cell. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10670-10685. [PMID: 33908441 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A custom-built titanium-sapphire flow cell has been used with a confocal Raman microscope to collect solvent-corrected reduced isotropic spectra of sodium and potassium phosphate solutions in light and heavy water from 75 to 300 °C at 20.4 ± 0.4 MPa over a wide range of concentrations. The symmetric vibrational modes of PO43- and HPO42-/DPO42- in both solvents broadened and moved to lower wavenumbers with increasing temperature, suggesting that oxyanion-water hydrogen bond strengths increase at elevated temperatures. Raman scattering coefficients, measured relative to the trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, were used to determine thermodynamic equilibrium quotients for the reaction PO43- + H2O ⇌ HPO42- + OH- and its deuterium counterpart. Standard-state acid ionization constants were calculated using a modified Pitzer model and fitted as a function of temperature and solvent molar volume over the range of 25 to 300 °C from psat to 20 MPa. The deuterium isotope effect on the chemical equilibrium constant, ΔpK3a,m = pK3a,D,m - pK3a,H,m, was found to decrease from 1.045 ± 0.046 at 25 °C to 0.898 ± 0.073 at 250 °C. This behaviour is consistent with a model in which zero-point energy effects dominate at low temperatures and long-range solvent polarization becomes increasingly important as the temperature increases towards the critical point of D2O. These are the first experimental ionization constants to be reported in the literature for this reaction in light water above 50 °C and in heavy water at any temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacy Conrad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Peter R Tremaine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Woutersen S, Ensing B, Hilbers M, Zhao Z, Angell CA. A liquid-liquid transition in supercooled aqueous solution related to the HDA-LDA transition. Science 2018; 359:1127-1131. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao7049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Shchekin AK, Lebedeva TS, Tatyanenko DV. Key thermodynamic characteristics of nucleation on charged and neutral cores of molecular sizes in terms of the gradient density functional theory. COLLOID JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x16040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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A new scaled crossover parametric equation of state for water. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-012-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Holten V, Bertrand CE, Anisimov MA, Sengers JV. Thermodynamics of supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:094507. [PMID: 22401452 DOI: 10.1063/1.3690497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the available experimental information on the thermodynamic properties of supercooled water and demonstrate the possibility of modeling these thermodynamic properties on a theoretical basis. We show that by assuming the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water, the theory of critical phenomena can give an accurate account of the experimental thermodynamic-property data up to a pressure of 150 MPa. In addition, we show that a phenomenological extension of the theoretical model can account for all currently available experimental data in the supercooled region, up to 400 MPa. The stability limit of the liquid state and possible coupling between crystallization and liquid-liquid separation are also discussed. It is concluded that critical-point thermodynamics describes the available thermodynamic data for supercooled water within experimental accuracy, thus establishing a benchmark for further developments in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Holten
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Da Silva-Cadoux C, Hazemann JL, Testemale D, Proux O, Rochas C. Influence of monovalent ions on density fluctuations in hydrothermal aqueous solutions by small angle X-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:044515. [PMID: 22299899 DOI: 10.1063/1.3679021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering measurements on water and alkaline bromine aqueous solutions (XBr, with X = Li, Rb, or Cs) were carried out from ambient to supercritical conditions. The temperature was increased from 300 to 750 K along several isobars between 24 and 35 MPa. The correlation length and the structure factor were extracted from the data following the Ornstein-Zernike formalism. We obtained experimental evidence of the shift of the critical point and isochore and their dependence on the ions concentration (0.33 mol/kg and 1.0 mol/kg). We also observed that the size of the density fluctuations and the structure factor increase with the presence of the ions and that this effect is positively correlated with the atomic number of the cation. These behaviors were compared with ZnBr(2) and NaCl systems from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Da Silva-Cadoux
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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Rahedi AJ, Douglas JF, Starr FW. Model for reversible nanoparticle assembly in a polymer matrix. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:024902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2815809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
We present a Ginzburg-Landau theory of ion-induced nucleation in a gas phase of polar one-component fluids, where a liquid droplet grows with an ion at its center. By calculating the density profile around an ion, we show that the solvation free energy is larger in gas than in liquid at the same temperature on the coexistence curve. This difference much reduces the nucleation barrier in a metastable gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kitamura
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Abstract
Water is not restricted to moderate temperatures and low pressures, but can exist up to very high temperatures, far above its critical point at 647 K. In this supercritical regime, water can be gradually compressed from gas-like to liquid-like densities. The resulting dense supercritical states have extraordinary properties which can be tuned by temperature and pressure, and form the basis for innovative technologies. This Review covers the current knowledge of the major properties of supercritical water and its solutions with nonpolar, polar, and ionic compounds, and of the underlying molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Weingärtner
- Physikalische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany, Fax: (+49) 234-321-4293
| | - Ernst Ulrich Franck
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Starr FW, Douglas JF, Glotzer SC. Origin of particle clustering in a simulated polymer nanocomposite and its impact on rheology. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1580099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bazaev AR, Abdulagatov IM, Magee JW, Bazaev EA, Ramazanova AE. PVTx measurements for H2O+D2O mixtures in the near-critical and supercritical regions. J Supercrit Fluids 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0896-8446(02)00242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kiselev SB, Ely JF. Parametric crossover model and physical limit of stability in supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1453399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abdulkadirova KS, Wyczalkowska AK, Anisimov MA, Sengers JV. Thermodynamic properties of mixtures of H2O and D2O in the critical region. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1450125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kostrowicka Wyczalkowska A, Anisimov MA, Sengers JV, Kim YC. Impurity effects on the two-phase isochoric heat capacity of fluids near the critical point. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1449457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Tchijov V. Analysis of the equations-of-state of water in the metastable region at high pressures. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1471554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bonetti M, Calmettes P, Bervillier C. Small-angle neutron scattering from supercritical heavy water at off-critical densities. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1392362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Agayan VA, Anisimov MA, Sengers JV. Crossover parametric equation of state for Ising-like systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2001; 64:026125. [PMID: 11497669 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.026125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a parametric equation for the thermodynamic properties in the critical region of three-dimensional Ising-like systems which include fluids and fluid mixtures. The equation of state incorporates a crossover from singular Ising behavior asymptotically close to the critical point to classical (mean-field) behavior further away from the critical point, characterized by two physical crossover parameters: a coupling constant related to the strength and range of molecular interactions and a "cutoff" wave number for the critical fluctuations. In the asymptotic Ising limit, the crossover equation reproduces the most recent theoretical estimates for the universal ratios of the leading and correction-to-scaling critical amplitudes. The equation has been tested by comparing it with recent experimental thermodynamic-property data for 3He near its vapor-liquid critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Agayan
- Institute for Physical Science and Technnology and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA
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