1
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Borodin D, Galparsoro O, Rahinov I, Fingerhut J, Schwarzer M, Hörandl S, Auerbach DJ, Kandratsenka A, Schwarzer D, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Steric Hindrance of NH 3 Diffusion on Pt(111) by Co-Adsorbed O-Atoms. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21791-21799. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Borodin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Oihana Galparsoro
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia-San Sebastián20018, Spain
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, P.K. 1072Donostia-San Sebastián20018, Spain
| | - Igor Rahinov
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, Raanana4353701, Israel
| | - Jan Fingerhut
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Hörandl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen37077, Germany
| | - Theofanis N. Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Heraklion71500, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser − FORTH, Heraklion70013, Greece
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, Goettingen37077, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, Goettingen37077, Germany
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2
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Gura L, Yang Z, Paier J, Kalaß F, Brinker M, Junkes H, Heyde M, Freund HJ. Dynamics in the O(2 × 1) adlayer on Ru(0001): bridging timescales from milliseconds to minutes by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15265-15270. [PMID: 35723233 PMCID: PMC9241493 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02363f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics within an O(2 × 1) adlayer on Ru(0001) is studied by density functional theory and high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy. Transition state theory proposes dynamic oxygen species in the reduced O(2 × 1) layer at room temperature. Collective diffusion processes can result in structural reorientations of characteristic stripe patterns. Spiral high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal this reorientation as a function of time in real space. Measurements, ranging over several minutes with constantly high frame rates of 20 Hz resolved the gradual reorientation. Moreover, reversible fast flipping events of stripe patterns are observed. These measurements relate the observations of long-term atomic rearrangements and their underlying fast processes captured within several tens of milliseconds. The dynamics within an O(2 × 1) adlayer on Ru(0001) is studied by density functional theory and high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Gura
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Zechao Yang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Joachim Paier
- Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kalaß
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Matthias Brinker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Heinz Junkes
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Heyde
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Yang Z, Gura L, Kalaß F, Marschalik P, Brinker M, Kirstaedter W, Hartmann J, Thielsch G, Junkes H, Heyde M, Freund HJ. A high-speed variable-temperature ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope with spiral scan capabilities. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053704. [PMID: 35649753 DOI: 10.1063/5.0079868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and development of a variable-temperature high-speed scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The setup consists of a two-chamber ultra-high vacuum system, including a preparation and a main chamber. The preparation chamber is equipped with standard preparation tools for sample cleaning and film growth. The main chamber hosts the STM that is located within a continuous flow cryostat for counter-cooling during high-temperature measurements. The microscope body is compact, rigid, and highly symmetric to ensure vibrational stability and low thermal drift. We designed a hybrid scanner made of two independent tube piezos for slow and fast scanning, respectively. A commercial STM controller is used for slow scanning, while a high-speed Versa Module Eurocard bus system controls fast scanning. Here, we implement non-conventional spiral geometries for high-speed scanning, which consist of smooth sine and cosine signals created by an arbitrary waveform generator. The tip scans in a quasi-constant height mode, where the logarithm of the tunneling current signal can be regarded as roughly proportional to the surface topography. Scan control and data acquisition have been programmed in the experimental physics and industrial control system framework. With the spiral scans, we atomically resolved diffusion processes of oxygen atoms on the Ru(0001) surface and achieved a time resolution of 8.3 ms per frame at different temperatures. Variable-temperature measurements reveal an influence of the temperature on the oxygen diffusion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Yang
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Gura
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kalaß
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrik Marschalik
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Brinker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - William Kirstaedter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gero Thielsch
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Junkes
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Heyde
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Oi T, Kikawada Y, Yanase S. A density functional theory (DFT) study on reduced partition function ratios of oxygen species adsorbed on a Pt 19 cluster and oxygen isotope effects. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:641-663. [PMID: 34748714 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2021.1985488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A density functional theory (DFT) computation on oxygen species adsorbed on platinum (Pt) catalyst surfaces has been carried out to elucidate oxygen isotope fractionation observed at the cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The Pt(111) catalyst surface was modelled by a Pt19 cluster, and O, OH, OHH, OO, OOH, OHOH and HOHOH were assumed to be the oxygen species adsorbed on the Pt(111) surface. The oxygen isotope reduced partition function ratios (RPFRs) of the adsorbed species were calculated using the vibrational frequencies obtained by normal mode analyses performed on the optimized structures. Various oxygen isotope exchange equilibria among the adsorbed oxygen species and oxygen and water molecules in the gas phase were examined using their RPFRs. Experimental observation that the lighter 16O is enriched in water molecules exhausted from the cathode is explainable in a satisfactory manner by assuming oxygen isotope exchange equilibria of O2 molecule with O, OH, OO and OOH adsorbed on the Pt(111) surface that appear in the first half of the conversion reaction from O2 to H2O and those of H2O molecule with the adsorbed oxygen species, OHH, OHOH and HOHOH, formed in the latter half of the conversion reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Oi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Yanase
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Prieto MJ, Mullan T, Schlutow M, Gottlob DM, Tănase LC, Menzel D, Sauer J, Usvyat D, Schmidt T, Freund HJ. Insights into Reaction Kinetics in Confined Space: Real Time Observation of Water Formation under a Silica Cover. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8780-8790. [PMID: 34096299 PMCID: PMC8297729 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We offer a comprehensive
approach to determine how physical confinement
can affect the water formation reaction. By using free-standing crystalline
SiO2 bilayer supported on Ru(0001) as a model system, we
studied the water formation reaction under confinement in situ and
in real time. Low-energy electron microscopy reveals that the reaction
proceeds via the formation of reaction fronts propagating across the
Ru(0001) surface. The Arrhenius analyses of the front velocity yield
apparent activation energies (Eaapp) of 0.32 eV for the confined
and 0.59 eV for the nonconfined reaction. DFT simulations indicate
that the rate-determining step remains unchanged upon confinement,
therefore ruling out the widely accepted transition state effect.
Additionally, H2O accumulation cannot explain the change
in Eaapp for the confined cases studied because its concentration
remains low. Instead, numerical simulations of the proposed kinetic
model suggest that the H2 adsorption process plays a decisive
role in reproducing the Arrhenius plots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio J Prieto
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mullan
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark Schlutow
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel M Gottlob
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liviu C Tănase
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietrich Menzel
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.,Physik-Department E20, Technical University München, James-Franck-Str.1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Usvyat
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Freund
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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6
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Tchalala MR, Enriquez H, Bendounan A, Mayne AJ, Dujardin G, Kara A, Ali MA, Oughaddou H. Tip-induced oxidation of silicene nano-ribbons. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2309-2314. [PMID: 36133383 PMCID: PMC9419031 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the oxidation of self-assembled silicene nanoribbons grown on the Ag (110) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. The results show that silicene nanoribbons present a strong resistance towards oxidation using molecular oxygen. This can be overcome by increasing the electric field in the STM tunnel junction above a threshold of +2.6 V to induce oxygen dissociation and reaction. The higher reactivity of the silicene nanoribbons towards atomic oxygen is observed as expected. The HR-PES confirm these observations: even at high exposures of molecular oxygen, the Si 2p core-level peaks corresponding to pristine silicene remain dominant, reflecting a very low reactivity to molecular oxygen. Complete oxidation is obtained following exposure to high doses of atomic oxygen; the Si 2p core level peak corresponding to pristine silicene disappears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Rachid Tchalala
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) Bât. 520 91405 Orsay France
| | - Hanna Enriquez
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) Bât. 520 91405 Orsay France
| | - Azzedine Bendounan
- Synchrotron Soleil L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin, B.P. 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Andrew J Mayne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) Bât. 520 91405 Orsay France
| | - Gérald Dujardin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) Bât. 520 91405 Orsay France
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816 USA
| | - Mustapha Ait Ali
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et Catalyse, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences-Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech 40001 Morocco
| | - Hamid Oughaddou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO) Bât. 520 91405 Orsay France
- Département de Physique, Université de Cergy-Pontoise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise Cedex France
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7
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Gao X, Heyden A, Abdelrahman OA, Bond JQ. Microkinetic analysis of acetone hydrogenation over Pt/SiO2. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Suchorski Y, Datler M, Bespalov I, Zeininger J, Stöger-Pollach M, Bernardi J, Grönbeck H, Rupprechter G. Surface-Structure Libraries: Multifrequential Oscillations in Catalytic Hydrogen Oxidation on Rhodium. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:4217-4227. [PMID: 31057690 PMCID: PMC6494118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Multifrequential oscillating spatiotemporal patterns in the catalytic hydrogen oxidation on rhodium have been observed in situ in the 10-6 mbar pressure range using photoemission electron microscopy. The effect is manifested by periodic chemical waves, which travel over the polycrystalline Rh surface and change their oscillation frequency while crossing boundaries between different Rh(hkl) domains. Each crystallographically specific μm-sized Rh(hkl) domain exhibits an individual wave pattern and oscillation frequency, despite the global diffusional coupling of the surface reaction, altogether creating a structure library. This unique reaction behavior is attributed to the ability of stepped surfaces of high-Miller-index domains to facilitate the formation of subsurface oxygen, serving as a feedback mechanism of kinetic oscillations. Formation of a network of subsurface oxygen as a result of colliding reaction fronts was observed in situ. Microkinetic model analysis was used to rationalize the observed effects and to reveal the relation between the barriers for surface oxidation and oscillation frequency. Structural limits of the oscillations, the existence range of oscillations, as well as the effect of varying hydrogen pressure are demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Suchorski
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Datler
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Bespalov
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zeininger
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Bernardi
- USTEM, Technische Universität Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrik Grönbeck
- Department
of Physics and Competence Centre for Catalysis, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Günther Rupprechter
- Institute
of Materials Chemistry, Technische Universität
Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Smith RS, Petrik NG, Kimmel GA, Kay BD. Communication: Proton exchange in low temperature co-mixed amorphous H 2O and D 2O films: The effect of the underlying Pt(111) and graphene substrates. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:081104. [PMID: 30193464 DOI: 10.1063/1.5046530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotopic exchange reactions in mixed D2O and H2O amorphous solid water (ASW) films were investigated using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Nanoscale films composed of 5% D2O in H2O were deposited on Pt(111) and graphene covered Pt(111) substrates. At 130 K, we find that the reaction is strongly dependent on the substrate with the H/D exchange being significantly more rapid on the Pt(111) surface than on graphene. At 140 K, the films eventually crystallize with the final products on the two substrates being primarily HOD molecule on Pt(111) and a mixture of HOD and unreacted D2O on graphene. We demonstrate by pre-dosing H2 and O2 on Pt(111) that the observed differences in reactivity on the two substrates are likely due to the formation of hydrogen ions at the Pt(111) surface that are not formed on graphene. Once formed the mobile protons move through the ASW overlayer to initiate the H/D exchange reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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10
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Shuttleworth IG. Binding Site Transitions Across Strained Oxygenated and Hydroxylated Pt(111). Chemistry 2018; 7:356-369. [PMID: 29872611 PMCID: PMC5974552 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The effects of strain σ on the binding position preference of oxygen atoms and hydroxyl groups adsorbed on Pt(111) have been investigated using density functional theory. A transition between the bridge and FCC binding occurs under compressive strain of the O/Pt(111) surface. A significant reconstruction occurs under compressive strain of the OH/Pt(111) surface, and the surface OH groups preferentially occupy on‐top (bridge) positions at highly compressive (less compressive/tensile) strains. Changes to magnetisation of the O‐ and OH‐populated surfaces are discussed and for O/Pt(111) oxygenation reduces the surface magnetism via a delocalised mechanism. The origins of the surface magnetisation for both O‐ and OH‐bearing systems are discussed in terms of the state‐resolved electronic populations and of the surface charge density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Shuttleworth
- School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham NG11 8NS UK
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11
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Elucidating challenges of reactions with correlated reactant and product binding energies on an example of oxygen reduction reaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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13
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14
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Yoshida M, Kondoh H. In Situ Observation of Model Catalysts under Reaction Conditions Using X-ray Core-Level Spectroscopy. CHEM REC 2014; 14:806-18. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Yoshida
- Department of Chemistry; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Chemistry; Keio University; 3-14-1 Hiyoshi Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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15
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Näslund LÅ. Hydrogenation of O and OH on Pt(111): A comparison between the reaction rates of the first and the second hydrogen addition steps. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104701. [PMID: 24628190 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L-Å Näslund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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16
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L’vov BV, Galwey AK. Interpretation of the kinetic compensation effect in heterogeneous reactions: thermochemical approach. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2013.802109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Hager M, Berezin AS, Zinkicheva TT, Bohme DK, Probst M, Scheier P, Nazmutdinov RR. Evaporation of silicon nanoparticles under scanning tunneling microscope control. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Shavorskiy A, Gladys MJ, Held G. Chemical composition and reactivity of water on hexagonal Pt-group metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:6150-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b808235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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19
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Kan HH, Shumbera RB, Weaver JF. Hot precursor reactions during the collisions of gas-phase oxygen atoms with deuterium chemisorbed on Pt(100). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:134704. [PMID: 17430053 DOI: 10.1063/1.2713111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilized direct rate measurements and temperature programmed desorption to investigate reactions that occur during the collisions of gaseous oxygen atoms with deuterium-covered Pt(100). We find that both D2O and D2 desorb promptly when an oxygen atom beam impinges upon D-covered Pt(100) held at surface temperatures ranging from 90 to 150 K, and estimate effective cross sections of 12 and 1.8 A2, respectively, for the production of gaseous D2O and D2 at 90 K. The yields of D2O and D2 that desorb at 90 K are about 13% and 2%, respectively, of the initial D atom coverage, though most of the D2O product molecules (approximately 80%) thermalize to the surface rather than desorb at the surface temperatures studied. Increasing the surface temperature from 90 to 150 K causes the D2O desorption rate to decay more quickly during O atom exposures to the surface and results in lower yields of gaseous D2O. We attribute the production of D2O and D2 in these experiments to reactions involving intermediates that are not thermally accommodated to the surface, so-called hot precursors. The results are consistent with the production of hot D2O involving first the generation of hot OD groups from the reaction O*+D(a)-->OD*, where the asterisk denotes a hot precursor, followed by the parallel pathways OD*+D(a)-->D2O* and OD*+OD(a)-->D2O*+O(a). The final reaction contributes significantly to hot D2O production only later in the reaction period when thermalized OD groups have accumulated on the surface, and it becomes less important at higher temperature due to depletion of the OD(a) concentration by thermally activated D2O production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heywood H Kan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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20
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Lilach Y, Iedema MJ, Cowin JP. Dissociation of water buried under ice on Pt(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:016105. [PMID: 17358492 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.016105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water on Pt(111) is generally thought to be nondissociative. However, by adsorbing a thick ice film [>150 monolayers (ML)], substantial (approximately 0.16 to 1 ML) dissociation of the "buried water" occurs for T>151 K. New temperature-programmed desorption peaks signal the dissociation (after careful isothermal predesorption of the overlying ice films). The buried water likely dissociates via the elevated temperatures and/or solvation changes experienced under the ice. Dissociation charges the growing ice film (up to +9 V) due to trapping of approximately 0.007 ML H3O+ at the vacuum-ice interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Lilach
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, K8-88, Richland, WA 99354-999, USA.
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Nakagoe O, Takagi N, Watanabe K, Matsumoto Y. Explosive evolution of hydrogen abstraction of water on oxidized Ag(110) surfaces studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:5274-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b709853g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Karlberg GS, Wahnström G. An interaction model for OH + H2O-mixed and pure H2O overlayers adsorbed on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2006; 122:194705. [PMID: 16161604 DOI: 10.1063/1.1900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A model potential for the adsorbate-adsorbate interaction among OH and H2O molecules adsorbed on a Pt(111) surface has been developed solely based on first-principle calculations. By combining this directional-dependent model potential for the lateral interaction with a lattice model of Ising type, large length scale structure calculations can be made. The strength of different hydrogen bonds can be analyzed in detail from this model potential. It is found that the hydrogen bond between OH and H2O molecules is stronger than that between two H2O molecules (0.4 eV per pair as compared to 0.2 eV per pair, respectively). Via the computed chemical potential for water in mixed OH + H2O overlayers the water uptake as a function of oxygen precoverage on Pt(111) has been determined. The results compare very well with recent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Karlberg
- Department of Applied Physics, ChaLmers/Göteborg University, S-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Hyman MP, Medlin JW. Mechanistic Study of the Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Pt(111) Using Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:15338-44. [PMID: 16884253 DOI: 10.1021/jp061813y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the electrolyte solution effects on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on Pt(111). To model the acid electrolyte, an H(5)O(2)(+) cluster was used. The vibrational proton oscillation modes for adsorbed H(5)O(2)(+) computed at 1711 and 1010 cm(-1), in addition to OH stretching and H(2)O scissoring modes, agree with experimental vibrational spectra for proton formation on Pt surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum. Using the H(5)O(2)(+) model, protonation of adsorbed species was found to be facile and consistent with the activation barrier of proton transfer in solution. After protonation, OOH dissociates with an activation barrier of 0.22 eV, similar to the barrier for O(2) dissociation. Comparison of the two pathways suggests that O(2) protonation precedes dissociation in the oxygen reduction reaction. Additionally, an OH diffusion step following O protonation inhibits the reaction, which may lead to accumulation of oxygen on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Hyman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Karlberg GS, Wahnström G, Clay C, Zimbitas G, Hodgson A. Water desorption from an oxygen covered Pt(111) surface: Multichannel desorption. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:204712. [PMID: 16774369 DOI: 10.1063/1.2200347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed OH/H2O structures, formed by the reaction of O and water on Pt(111), decompose near 200 K as water desorbs. With an apparent activation barrier that varies between 0.42 and 0.86 eV depending on the composition, coverage, and heating rate of the film, water desorption does not follow a simple kinetic form. The adsorbate is stabilized by the formation of a complete hydrogen bonding network between equivalent amounts of OH and H2O, island edges, and defects in the structure enhancing the decomposition rate. Monte Carlo simulations of water desorption were made using a model potential fitted to first-principles calculations. We find that desorption occurs via several distinct pathways, including direct or proton-transfer mediated desorption and OH recombination. Hence, no single rate determining step has been found. Desorption occurs preferentially from low coordination defect or edge sites, leading to complex kinetics which are sensitive to both the temperature, composition, and history of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Karlberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Jacob T, Goddard WA. Water Formation on Pt and Pt-based Alloys: A Theoretical Description of a Catalytic Reaction. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:992-1005. [PMID: 16596695 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the past, the modeling of catalytic processes was limited by the size and complexity of the systems involved. However, the enormous progress in both computer power and theoretical methods has made computational modeling a valuable tool in increasing our knowledge of catalytic reactions on the atomic scale. While complex reactions can be studied by dividing the overall reaction into a series of steps calculable by quantum mechanics, the combination with methods appropriate for larger time and length scales enables the gap between these regimes to be bridged. This provides a more realistic modeling of the experimental system and allows important environmental effects such as solvation to be taken into account. In this Minireview we describe some of the main theoretical methodologies that are used to study catalytic properties and reactions on surfaces. Using these methods, we study the seemingly simple reaction of water formation out of hydrogen and oxygen on Pt and Pt/Ni alloy catalysts. To provide a more realistic description we also discuss the interesting effects determined by hydrating the system or using alloy nanoparticles rather than extended surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Jacob
- Fritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Lilienkamp G, Suchorski Y. Metastable impact electron emission microscopy: principles and applications. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Held G, Clay C, Barrett SD, Haq S, Hodgson A. The structure of the mixed OH+H2O overlayer on Pt{111}. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:64711. [PMID: 16122339 DOI: 10.1063/1.1996572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of the mixed p(3 x 3)-(3OH + 3H2O) phase on Pt[111] has been investigated by low-energy electron diffraction-IV structure analysis. The OH + H2O overlayer consists of hexagonal rings of coplanar oxygen atoms interlinked by hydrogen bonds. Lateral shifts of the O atoms away from atop sites result in different O-O separations and hexagons with only large separations (2.81 and 3.02 angstroms) linked by hexagons with alternating separations of 2.49 and 2.813.02 angstroms. This unusual pattern is consistent with a hydrogen-bonded network in which water is adsorbed in cyclic rings separated by OH in a p(3 x 3) structure. The top-most two layers of the Pt atoms relax inwards with respect to the clean surface and both show vertical buckling of up to 0.06 angstroms. In addition, significant shifts away from the lateral bulk positions have been found for the second layer of Pt atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Held
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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Africh C, Lin H, Corso M, Esch F, Rosei R, Hofer WA, Comelli G. Water Production Reaction on Rh(110). J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:11454-9. [PMID: 16089475 DOI: 10.1021/ja0524301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations, we studied the water formation reaction on the Rh(110) surface when exposing the (2 x 1)p2mg-O structure to molecular hydrogen, characterizing each of the structures that form on the surface during the reaction. First the reaction propagates on the surface as a wave front, removing half of the initial oxygen atoms. The remaining 0.5 monolayers of O atoms rearrange in pairs, forming a c(2 x 4) structure. Second, as the reaction proceeds, areas of an intermediate structure with c(2 x 2) symmetry appear and grow at the expense of the c(2 x 4) phase, involving all the oxygen atoms present on the surface. Afterward, the c(2 x 2) islands shrink, indicating that complete hydrogenation occurs at their edges, leaving behind a clean rhodium substrate. Two possible models for the c(2 x 2) structure, where not only the arrangement but also the chemical identity is different, are given. The first one is a mixed H + O structure, while the second one resembles the half-dissociated water layer already proposed on other metal surfaces. In both models, the high local oxygen coverage is achieved by the formation of a hexagonal network of hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Africh
- Physics Department and Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, University of Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
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Nagasaka M, Kondoh H, Ohta T. Water formation reaction on Pt(111): Role of the proton transfer. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:204704. [PMID: 15945761 DOI: 10.1063/1.1854621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic water formation reaction on Pt(111) was investigated by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, where the interaction energy between reaction species and the high mobility of H(2)O molecule was considered. Results obtained clearly reproduce the scanning tunneling microscopy images which show that the reaction proceeds via traveling the reaction fronts on the O-covered Pt(111) surface by creating H(2)O islands backwards. The reaction front is a mixed layer of OH and H(2)O with a (square root 3 x square root 3)R30(o) structure. Coverage change during the reaction is also reproduced in which the reaction consists of three characteristic processes, as observed by the previous experiments. The simulation also revealed that the proton transfer from H(2)O to OH plays an important role to propagate the water formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nagasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Böhme DK, Schwarz H. Gasphasenkatalyse mit atomaren und Cluster-Metall-Ionen: ultimative “Single-Site”-Katalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Böhme DK, Schwarz H. Gas-Phase Catalysis by Atomic and Cluster Metal Ions: The Ultimate Single-Site Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:2336-54. [PMID: 15779095 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase experiments with state-of-the-art techniques of mass spectrometry provide detailed insights into numerous elementary processes. The focus of this Review is on elementary reactions of ions that achieve complete catalytic cycles under thermal conditions. The examples chosen cover aspects of catalysis pertinent to areas as diverse as atmospheric chemistry and surface chemistry. We describe how transfer of oxygen atoms, bond activation, and coupling of fragments can be mediated by atomic or cluster metal ions. In some cases truly unexpected analogies of the idealized gas-phase ion catalysis can be drawn with related chemical transformations in solution or the solid state, and so improve our understanding of the intrinsic operation of a practical catalyst at a strictly molecular level.
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Africh C, Esch F, Li WX, Corso M, Hammer B, Rosei R, Comelli G. Two-step reaction on a strained, nanoscale segmented surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:126104. [PMID: 15447284 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.126104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculations we demonstrate that on the Rh(110)-(10 x 2)-O surface, a prototypical multiphase surface of an oxidized transition metal model catalyst, water formation upon H2 exposure is a two-step reaction, with each step requiring special active sites. The 1st step initiates at (2 x 1)p2mg-O defect islands in the (10 x 2) structure and propagates across the surface as a reaction front, removing half of the adsorbed oxygen. The oxygen decorated Rh ridges of the (10 x 2) structure lose their tensile strain upon this reduction step, whereby nanoscale patches of clean Rh become exposed and act as special reaction sites in the 2nd reaction step, which therefore initiates homogeneously over the entire surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Africh
- Physics Department and Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, Trieste University, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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Karlberg GS, Wahnström G. Density-functional based modeling of the intermediate in the water production reaction on Pt(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:136103. [PMID: 15089632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.136103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A model based on density-functional calculations has been developed for the overlayer formed by dissociation of water on an oxygen covered Pt(111) surface. The directional dependent interaction within the overlayer is treated by means of a lattice model of Ising type. Stable large length scale structures are found for two compositions proposed in the literature: a hydroxyl-water and a hydroxyl-hydrogen mixed composition, respectively. The water containing composition produces an overlayer structure in very good agreement with the structures seen in scanning tunneling microscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Karlberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Chalmers/Göteborg University, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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Gustafsson K, Andersson S. Infrared spectroscopy of oxygen adsorbed on hydrogen covered Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2004; 121:8532-6. [PMID: 15511177 DOI: 10.1063/1.1802273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy we have investigated how preadsorbed hydrogen affects the adsorption of O(2) on the Pt(111) surface at temperatures below the onset of the water formation reaction. On the fully hydrogen covered surface, Theta(H)=1, O(2) physisorbs at temperatures below 45 K, the weakly dipole active internal stretch vibration is observed at 1548 cm(-1). Unlike on the clean Pt(111) surface, this adsorption state does not act as a precursor for O(2) chemisorption. The physisorbed molecules simply desorb above 45 K and no chemisorbed O(2) state is populated directly from the gas phase in the temperature range 45-90 K. When the surface is approximately half covered, Theta(H) approximately 0.4, with preadsorbed hydrogen, O(2) chemisorbs on the clean Pt(111) surface regions in the characteristic peroxolike and superoxolike states with vibration frequencies around 700 cm(-1) and 870 cm(-1). These values correspond to dense O(2) islands which develop already at low O(2) coverages. At this hydrogen coverage, we find that the initial sticking probability of chemisorbed O(2) is drastically reduced at 90 K and the general uptake also proceeds slowly when compared with observations for the clean surface. We suggest that this is due to a change in the behavior of the physisorbed O(2) precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gustafsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology and Göteborg University, Göteborg SE-412 96, Sweden
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Nagasaka M, Kondoh H, Amemiya K, Nambu A, Nakai I, Shimada T, Ohta T. Water formation reaction on Pt(111): Near edge x-ray absorption fine structure experiments and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1615475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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