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Shen Z, Lintuvuori JS. Collective Flows Drive Cavitation in Spinner Monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:188202. [PMID: 37204910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.188202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic interactions can give rise to a collective motion of rotating particles. This, in turn, can lead to coherent fluid flows. Using large scale hydrodynamic simulations, we study the coupling between these two in spinner monolayers at weakly inertial regime. We observe an instability, where the initially uniform particle layer separates into particle void and particle rich areas. The particle void region corresponds to a fluid vortex, and it is driven by a surrounding spinner edge current. We show that the instability originates from a hydrodynamic lift force between the particle and fluid flows. The cavitation can be tuned by the strength of the collective flows. It is suppressed when the spinners are confined by a no-slip surface, and multiple cavity and oscillating cavity states are observed when the particle concentration is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiyi Shen
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juho S Lintuvuori
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
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Grzybowski BA, Fitzner K, Paczesny J, Granick S. From dynamic self-assembly to networked chemical systems. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:5647-5678. [PMID: 28703815 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00089h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although dynamic self-assembly, DySA, is a relatively new area of research, the past decade has brought numerous demonstrations of how various types of components - on scales from (macro)molecular to macroscopic - can be arranged into ordered structures thriving in non-equilibrium, steady states. At the same time, none of these dynamic assemblies has so far proven practically relevant, prompting questions about the field's prospects and ultimate objectives. The main thesis of this Review is that formation of dynamic assemblies cannot be an end in itself - instead, we should think more ambitiously of using such assemblies as control elements (reconfigurable catalysts, nanomachines, etc.) of larger, networked systems directing sequences of chemical reactions or assembly tasks. Such networked systems would be inspired by biology but intended to operate in environments and conditions incompatible with living matter (e.g., in organic solvents, elevated temperatures, etc.). To realize this vision, we need to start considering not only the interactions mediating dynamic self-assembly of individual components, but also how components of different types could coexist and communicate within larger, multicomponent ensembles. Along these lines, the review starts with the discussion of the conceptual foundations of self-assembly in equilibrium and non-equilibrium regimes. It discusses key examples of interactions and phenomena that can provide the basis for various DySA modalities (e.g., those driven by light, magnetic fields, flows, etc.). It then focuses on the recent examples where organization of components in steady states is coupled to other processes taking place in the system (catalysis, formation of dynamic supramolecular materials, control of chirality, etc.). With these examples of functional DySA, we then look forward and consider conditions that must be fulfilled to allow components of multiple types to coexist, function, and communicate with one another within the networked DySA systems of the future. As the closing examples show, such systems are already appearing heralding new opportunities - and, to be sure, new challenges - for DySA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz A Grzybowski
- IBS Center for Soft and Living Matter, UNIST, UNIST-gil 50, Eonyang-eup, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea.
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Purely hydrodynamic ordering of rotating disks at a finite Reynolds number. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5994. [PMID: 25629213 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organization of moving objects in hydrodynamic environments has recently attracted considerable attention in connection to natural phenomena and living systems. However, the underlying physical mechanism is much less clear due to the intrinsically nonequilibrium nature, compared with self-organization of thermal systems. Hydrodynamic interactions are believed to play a crucial role in such phenomena. To elucidate the fundamental physical nature of many-body hydrodynamic interactions at a finite Reynolds number, here we study a system of co-rotating hard disks in a two-dimensional viscous fluid at zero temperature. Despite the absence of thermal noise, this system exhibits rich phase behaviours, including a fluid state with diffusive dynamics, a cluster state, a hexatic state, a glassy state, a plastic crystal state and phase demixing. We reveal that these behaviours are induced by the off-axis and many-body nature of nonlinear hydrodynamic interactions and the finite time required for propagating the interactions by momentum diffusion.
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Size limits of self-assembled colloidal structures made using specific interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15918-23. [PMID: 25349380 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411765111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We establish size limitations for assembling structures of controlled size and shape out of colloidal particles with short-ranged interactions. Through simulations we show that structures with highly variable shapes made out of dozens of particles can form with high yield, as long as each particle in the structure binds only to the particles in their local environment. To understand this, we identify the excited states that compete with the ground-state structure and demonstrate that these excited states have a completely topological characterization, valid when the interparticle interactions are short-ranged. This allows complete enumeration of the energy landscape and gives bounds on how large a colloidal structure can assemble with high yield. For large structures the yield can be significant, even with hundreds of particles.
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Rodrigues MTF, Ajayan PM, Silva GG. Fast vortex-assisted self-assembly of carbon nanoparticles on an air-water interface. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:6524-33. [PMID: 23607578 DOI: 10.1021/jp4014114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work a self-assembly technique is presented, allowing the fast formation of carbon black thin films. It consists in the controlled addition of a stable carbon material's dispersion over the water surface, disturbed by a vortex. The vortex, although not essential for the film formation, was found to drastically improve film homogeneity. A physical chemical study concerning how several parameters could be used to tune film properties was also conducted. The self-assembled films, which can be picked up in any hydrophilic substrate, showed a good electrical conductivity and a high optical transparency. As an application example, films about 200 nm thick were employed as supercapacitor electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco-Tulio F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
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Zhang Q, Janner M, He L, Wang M, Hu Y, Lu Y, Yin Y. Photonic labyrinths: two-dimensional dynamic magnetic assembly and in situ solidification. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:1770-1775. [PMID: 23464735 DOI: 10.1021/nl400351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Creating novel structures by self-assembly processes and fixing the resultant assemblies are both critical to the design and fabrication of functional materials through bottom-up approaches. We demonstrate magnetically induced self-assembly of 2D photonic labyrinth structures and their solidification through a sol-gel method. The photonic labyrinth structures can be patterned into more regular arrangements using nonmagnetic substrates. This work may provide a platform for fabricating novel materials and devices with complex morphologies and spatial configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Mastrangeli M, Abbasi S, Varel C, Van Hoof C, Celis JP, Böhringer KF. Self-assembly from milli- to nanoscales: methods and applications. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2009; 19:83001. [PMID: 20209016 PMCID: PMC2832205 DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/19/8/083001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication techniques for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanodevices are progressing rapidly. However, due to material and process flow incompatibilities in the fabrication of sensors, actuators and electronic circuitry, a final packaging step is often necessary to integrate all components of a heterogeneous microsystem on a common substrate. Robotic pick-and-place, although accurate and reliable at larger scales, is a serial process that downscales unfavorably due to stiction problems, fragility and sheer number of components. Self-assembly, on the other hand, is parallel and can be used for device sizes ranging from millimeters to nanometers. In this review, the state-of-the-art in methods and applications for self-assembly is reviewed. Methods for assembling three-dimensional (3D) MEMS structures out of two-dimensional (2D) ones are described. The use of capillary forces for folding 2D plates into 3D structures, as well as assembling parts onto a common substrate or aggregating parts to each other into 2D or 3D structures, is discussed. Shape matching and guided assembly by magnetic forces and electric fields are also reviewed. Finally, colloidal self-assembly and DNA-based self-assembly, mainly used at the nanoscale, are surveyed, and aspects of theoretical modeling of stochastic assembly processes are discussed.
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Tretiakov KV, Bishop KJM, Grzybowski BA. Additivity of the Excess Energy Dissipation Rate in a Dynamically Self-Assembled System. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:7574-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp811473q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Tretiakov
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17/19, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Kyle J. M. Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17/19, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
| | - Bartosz A. Grzybowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, and Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17/19, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
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Chapter 2 Biomimetic Design of Dynamic Self-Assembling Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1571-0831(07)00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Teo WE, Gopal R, Ramaseshan R, Fujihara K, Ramakrishna S. A dynamic liquid support system for continuous electrospun yarn fabrication. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fialkowski M, Bishop KJM, Klajn R, Smoukov SK, Campbell CJ, Grzybowski BA. Principles and Implementations of Dissipative (Dynamic) Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:2482-96. [PMID: 16471845 DOI: 10.1021/jp054153q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic self-assembly (DySA) processes occurring outside of thermodynamic equilibrium underlie many forms of adaptive and intelligent behaviors in natural systems. Relatively little, however, is known about the principles that govern DySA and the ways in which it can be extended to artificial ensembles. This article discusses recent advances in both the theory and the practice of nonequilibrium self-assembly. It is argued that a union of ideas from thermodynamics and dynamic systems' theory can provide a general description of DySA. In parallel, heuristic design rules can be used to construct DySA systems of increasing complexities based on a variety of suitable interactions/potentials on length scales from nanoscopic to macroscopic. Applications of these rules to magnetohydrodynamic DySA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Fialkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Ng JMK, Fuerstman MJ, Grzybowski BA, Stone HA, Whitesides GM. Self-assembly of gears at a fluid/air interface. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7948-58. [PMID: 12823016 DOI: 10.1021/ja0347235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a dynamic system-a system that develops order only when dissipating energy-comprising millimeter to centimeter scale gears that self-assemble into a simple machine at a fluid/air interface. The gears are driven externally and indirectly by magnetic interactions; they are made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) or magnetically doped PDMS, and fabricated by soft lithography. Transfer of torque between gears can take place through three different mechanisms: mechanical interaction, hydrodynamic shear, and capillarity/overlap of menisci. Interplay between these forces allows interactions and motions that are not possible with conventional systems of gears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessamine M K Ng
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Pierce Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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