1
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Badrodien I, Neethling PH, Bosman GW. Improved image contrast in nonlinear light-sheet fluorescence microscopy using i 2 PIE Pulse compression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12770. [PMID: 38834608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy has become an invaluable tool for biological imaging, offering high-resolution visualization of biological specimens. In this manuscript, we present the application of a spectral phase measurement technique, i2 PIE, to compress broad-bandwidth supercontinuum pulses for two-photon excitation fluorescence light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the two-photon excitation response achieved. We also showed that the implementation of i2 PIE allowed for enhanced image contrasts when compared to conventional compression techniques, with i2 PIE producing an image contrast improvement over conventional methods by over 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imraan Badrodien
- Stellenbosch Photonics Institute, Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Pieter H Neethling
- Stellenbosch Photonics Institute, Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gurthwin W Bosman
- Stellenbosch Photonics Institute, Physics Department, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa.
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences (NITheCS), Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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2
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Bukhari SSAS, Halder A, Lindinger A. Polarization enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence contrast by shaped laser pulses using a deformable phase plate. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8242-8247. [PMID: 38037926 DOI: 10.1364/ao.503531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
We utilize spatially and temporally tailored laser pulses for polarization enhanced two-photon excited fluorescence contrasts of dyes. The shaped laser pulses are produced by first passing through a temporal pulse shaper and then through a two-dimensional spatial pulse shaper with deformable phase plates. Different spatial beam profiles are presented that demonstrate the potential of the spatial pulse shaper. Particularly, a polarization enhanced fluorescence contrast between two dyes is reported by utilizing specific phase shaping in perpendicular polarization directions. The tailored laser pulses are further modified by the deformable phase plate, and a polarization increased depth-dependent contrast is achieved. This spatial shaping for all polarization directions demonstrates the advantage of deformable phase plate spatial shapers compared to liquid crystals, where only one polarization direction can spatially be modified. The described polarization contrast method allows for three-dimensional scanning of probes and provides perspectives for biophotonic applications.
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3
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Nobis D, Sansom HG, Magennis SW. Pulse-shaped broadband multiphoton excitation for single-molecule fluorescence detection in the far field. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 11. [PMID: 36595246 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aca87f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Multiphoton excitation of fluorescence has many potential advantages over resonant (one-photon) excitation, but the method has not found widespread use for ultrasensitive applications. We recently described an approach to the multiphoton excitation of single molecules that uses a pulse shaper to compress and tailor pulses from an ultrafast broadband laser in order to optimise the brightness and signal-to-background ratio following non-linear excitation. Here we provide a detailed description of the setup and illustrate its use and potential by optimising two-photon fluorescence of a common fluorophore, rhodamine 110, at the single-molecule level. We also show that a DNA oligonucleotide labelled with a fluorescent nucleobase analogue, tC, can be detected using two-photon FCS, whereas one-photon excitation causes rapid photobleaching. The ability to improve the signal-to-background ratio and to reduce the incident power required to attain a given brightness can be applied to the multiphoton excitation of any fluorescent species, from small molecules with low multiphoton cross sections to the brightest nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nobis
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Henry G Sansom
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Steven W Magennis
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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4
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Gottschalk R, Lindinger A. Temporally shaped vortex phase laser pulses for two-photon excited fluorescence. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:10207-10213. [PMID: 36606782 DOI: 10.1364/ao.473744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report temporally shaped vortex phase laser pulses for two-photon excited fluorescence of dyes. The particularly tailored pulses are generated by first utilizing a temporal pulse shaper and subsequently a two-dimensional spatial pulse shaper. Various vortex phase shaped structures are demonstrated by combining different two-dimensional phase patterns. Moreover, perpendicular polarization components are used to achieve an enhanced radial two-photon excited fluorescence contrast by applying third order phase functions on the temporal pulse shaper. Particularly, the spatial fluorescence structure is modulated with a combination of Gaussian and vortex phase shaped pulses by modifying only the phase on the temporal modulator. Thereby, interference structures with high spatial resolution arise. The introduced method to generate temporally shaped vortex phase tailored pulses will provide new perspectives for biophotonic applications.
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5
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Lahiri J, Yuwono SH, Magoulas I, Moemeni M, Borhan B, Blanchard GJ, Piecuch P, Dantus M. Controlling Quantum Interference between Virtual and Dipole Two-Photon Optical Excitation Pathways Using Phase-Shaped Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7534-7544. [PMID: 34415165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation (TPE) proceeds via a "virtual" pathway, which depends on the accessibility of one or more intermediate states, and, in the case of non-centrosymmetric molecules, an additional "dipole" pathway involving the off-resonance dipole-allowed one-photon transitions and the change in the permanent dipole moment between the initial and final states. Here, we control the quantum interference between these two optical excitation pathways by using phase-shaped femtosecond laser pulses. We find enhancements by a factor of up to 1.75 in the two-photon-excited fluorescence of the photobase FR0-SB in methanol after taking into account the longer pulse duration of the shaped laser pulses. Simulations taking into account the different responses of the virtual and dipole pathways to external fields and the effect of pulse shaping on two-photon transitions are found to be in good agreement with our experimental measurements. The observed quantum control of TPE in the condensed phase may lead to an enhanced signal at a lower intensity in two-photon microscopy, multiphoton-excited photoreagents, and novel spectroscopic techniques that are sensitive to the magnitude of the contributions from the virtual and dipole pathways to multiphoton excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - S H Yuwono
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - I Magoulas
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - M Moemeni
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - B Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - G J Blanchard
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - P Piecuch
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - M Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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6
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Lavigne C, Brumer P. Pulsed two-photon coherent control of channelrhodopsin-2 photocurrent in live brain cells. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034303. [PMID: 32716190 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is an ion channel activated by the absorption of light. A recent experiment demonstrated that the current emanating from neurons in live brain cells expressing ChR2 can be controlled using two-photon phase control. Here, we propose an experimentally testable coherent control mechanism for this phenomenon. Significantly, we describe how femtosecond, quantum coherent processes arising from weak-field ultrafast excitation are responsible for the reported control of the millisecond classical dynamics of the neuronal current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lavigne
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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7
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Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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8
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Rasskazov G, Nairat M, Magoulas I, Lozovoy VV, Piecuch P, Dantus M. Femtosecond real-time probing of reactions MMXVII: The predissociation of sodium iodide in the A 0+ state. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Nairat M, Webb M, Esch MP, Lozovoy VV, Levine BG, Dantus M. Time-resolved signatures across the intramolecular response in substituted cyanine dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:14085-14095. [PMID: 28518192 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00119c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The optically populated excited state wave packet propagates along multidimensional intramolecular coordinates soon after photoexcitation. This action occurs alongside an intermolecular response from the surrounding solvent. Disentangling the multidimensional convoluted signal enables the possibility to separate and understand the initial intramolecular relaxation pathways over the excited state potential energy surface. Here we track the initial excited state dynamics by measuring the fluorescence yield from the first excited state as a function of time delay between two color femtosecond pulses for several cyanine dyes having different substituents. We find that when the high frequency pulse precedes the low frequency one and for timescales up to 200 fs, the excited state population can be depleted through stimulated emission with efficiency that is dependent on the molecular electronic structure. A similar observation at even shorter times was made by scanning the chirp (frequencies ordering) of a femtosecond pulse. The changes in depletion reflect the rate at which the nuclear coordinates of the excited state leave the Franck-Condon (FC) region and progress towards achieving equilibrium. Through functional group substitution, we explore these dynamic changes as a function of dipolar change following photoexcitation. Density functional theory calculations were performed to provide greater insight into the experimental spectroscopic observations. Complete active space (CAS) self-consistent field and CAS second order perturbation theory calculated potential energy surfaces tracking twisting and pyramidalization confirm that the steeper potential at the FC region leads to the observation of faster wave packet dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath Nairat
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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10
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Rasskazov G, Ryabtsev A, Charan K, Wang T, Xu C, Dantus M. Characterization and adaptive compression of a multi-soliton laser source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:320-329. [PMID: 28085826 PMCID: PMC5772462 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort pulse generation in the 1600 nm wavelength region is required for deep-tissue biomedical imaging. We report on the characterization and adaptive compression of a multi-soliton output spanning >300 nm from a large-mode area photonic-crystal fiber rod for two separate laser setups. Sub-30 fs pulses are generated by first compressing of each soliton individually, and then followed by coherently combining all of the pulses in the train, which are separated by hundreds of femtoseconds. Simulations of the source, together with amplitude and phase coherence measurements are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Rasskazov
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Anton Ryabtsev
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- These authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Kriti Charan
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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11
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Das D, Bhattacharyya I, Goswami D. Spatiotemporal control of degenerate multiphoton fluorescence microscopy with delay-tunable femtosecond pulse pairs. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Konar A, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Stimulated Emission Enhancement Using Shaped Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2002-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V. Lozovoy
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of
Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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13
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Graham DJL, Tseng SF, Hsieh JT, Chen DJ, Alexandrakis G. Dependence of Two-Photon eGFP Bleaching on Femtosecond Pulse Spectral Amplitude and Phase. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:1775-85. [PMID: 26411799 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1667-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Photobleaching is a key limitation in two-photon imaging of fluorescent proteins with femtosecond pulsed excitation. We present measurements of the dependence of eGFP photobleaching on the spectral amplitude and phase of the pulses used. A strong dependence on the excitation wavelength was confirmed and measured over a 800-950 nm range. A fiber continuum light source and pulse shaping techniques were used to investigate photobleaching with broadband, 15 fs transform limited, pulses with differing spectral amplitude and phase. Narrow band pulses, >150 fs transform limited, typical of femtosecond laser sources used in two-photon imaging applications, were also investigated for their photobleaching dependence on pulse dispersion and bandwidth. The bleach rate for broadband pulses was found to be primarily determined by the second harmonic spectrum of the excitation light. On the other hand, for narrow band excitation pulses with similar center wavelengths improvement in bleach rate was found to be mostly dependent on reducing the pulse length. A simple model to predict the relative bleach rates for broadband pulses is presented and compared to the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J L Graham
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Shu-Fen Tseng
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - David J Chen
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - George Alexandrakis
- Bioengineering Department, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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14
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Flynn DC, Bhagwat AR, Brenner MH, Núñez MF, Mork BE, Cai D, Swanson JA, Ogilvie JP. Pulse-shaping based two-photon FRET stoichiometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:3353-72. [PMID: 25836193 PMCID: PMC4394757 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.003353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based measurements that calculate the stoichiometry of intermolecular interactions in living cells have recently been demonstrated, where the technique utilizes selective one-photon excitation of donor and acceptor fluorophores to isolate the pure FRET signal. Here, we present work towards extending this FRET stoichiometry method to employ two-photon excitation using a pulse-shaping methodology. In pulse-shaping, frequency-dependent phases are applied to a broadband femtosecond laser pulse to tailor the two-photon excitation conditions to preferentially excite donor and acceptor fluorophores. We have also generalized the existing stoichiometry theory to account for additional cross-talk terms that are non-vanishing under two-photon excitation conditions. Using the generalized theory we demonstrate two-photon FRET stoichiometry in live COS-7 cells expressing fluorescent proteins mAmetrine as the donor and tdTomato as the acceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C. Flynn
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Amar R. Bhagwat
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Meredith H. Brenner
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Marcos F. Núñez
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Briana E. Mork
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Joel A. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Jennifer P. Ogilvie
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
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15
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Agarwalla BK, Ando H, Dorfman KE, Mukamel S. Stochastic Liouville equations for femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024115. [PMID: 25591346 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron and vibrational dynamics of molecules are commonly studied by subjecting them to two interactions with a fast actinic pulse that prepares them in a nonstationary state and after a variable delay period T, probing them with a Raman process induced by a combination of a broadband and a narrowband pulse. This technique, known as femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS), can effectively probe time resolved vibrational resonances. We show how FSRS signals can be modeled and interpreted using the stochastic Liouville equations (SLE), originally developed for NMR lineshapes. The SLE provide a convenient simulation protocol that can describe complex dynamics caused by coupling to collective bath coordinates at much lower cost than a full dynamical simulation. The origin of the dispersive features that appear when there is no separation of timescales between vibrational variations and the dephasing time is clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideo Ando
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Konstantin E Dorfman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, USA
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16
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Rasskazov G, Ryabtsev A, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Laser-induced dispersion control. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:3208-3211. [PMID: 24876014 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.003208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An intense laser pulse is used to control the spectral phase of a weak probe pulse as they overlap in fused silica. The laser-induced linear chirp is controlled by the delay time between pulses. Dependence from intensity and spectral phase of the pump pulse is also studied. Experimental data is validated by numerical simulation based on optical Kerr effect. Results show that laser-induced pulse shaping is possible and may be useful for intracavity pulse compression and shaping in enhancement cavities.
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17
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Rasskazov G, Ryabtsev A, Pestov D, Nie B, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Anomalous laser-induced group velocity dispersion in fused silica. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17695-17700. [PMID: 23938642 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present 20fs(2) accuracy laser-induced group velocity dispersion (LI-GVD) measurements, resulting from propagation of a femtosecond laser pulse in 1mm of fused silica, as a function of peak intensity. For a 5.5 × 10(11) W/cm(2) peak intensity, LI-GVD values are found to vary from -3 to + 15 times the material GVD. Normal induced dispersion can be explained by the Kerr effect, but anomalous LI-GVD, found when the input pulses have negative pre-chirp, cannot. These findings have significant implications regarding self-compression and the design of femtosecond lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Rasskazov
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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18
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Brenner MH, Cai D, Swanson JA, Ogilvie JP. Two-photon imaging of multiple fluorescent proteins by phase-shaping and linear unmixing with a single broadband laser. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:17256-64. [PMID: 23938572 PMCID: PMC3724397 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.017256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Imaging multiple fluorescent proteins (FPs) by two-photon microscopy has numerous applications for studying biological processes in thick and live samples. Here we demonstrate a setup utilizing a single broadband laser and a phase-only pulse-shaper to achieve imaging of three FPs (mAmetrine, TagRFPt, and mKate2) in live mammalian cells. Phase-shaping to achieve selective excitation of the FPs in combination with post-imaging linear unmixing enables clean separation of the fluorescence signal of each FP. This setup also benefits from low overall cost and simple optical alignment, enabling easy adaptation in a regular biomedical research laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith H. Brenner
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan 450 Church St., Ann Arbor MI 48109
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dawen Cai
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Joel A. Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
| | - Jennifer P. Ogilvie
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, University of Michigan, 450 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
USA
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19
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von den Hoff P, Thallmair S, Kowalewski M, Siemering R, de Vivie-Riedle R. Optimal control theory--closing the gap between theory and experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14460-85. [PMID: 23019574 DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41838j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optimal control theory and optimal control experiments are state-of-the-art tools to control quantum systems. Both methods have been demonstrated successfully for numerous applications in molecular physics, chemistry and biology. Modulated light pulses could be realized, driving these various control processes. Next to the control efficiency, a key issue is the understanding of the control mechanism. An obvious way is to seek support from theory. However, the underlying search strategies in theory and experiment towards the optimal laser field differ. While the optimal control theory operates in the time domain, optimal control experiments optimize the laser fields in the frequency domain. This also implies that both search procedures experience a different bias and follow different pathways on the search landscape. In this perspective we review our recent developments in optimal control theory and their applications. Especially, we focus on approaches, which close the gap between theory and experiment. To this extent we followed two ways. One uses sophisticated optimization algorithms, which enhance the capabilities of optimal control experiments. The other is to extend and modify the optimal control theory formalism in order to mimic the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von den Hoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
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20
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Konar A, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Solvation Stokes-Shift Dynamics Studied by Chirped Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:2458-2464. [PMID: 26292133 DOI: 10.1021/jz300761x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The early optical dynamic response, resulting population, and electronic coherence are investigated experimentally and modeled theoretically for IR144 in solution. The fluorescence and stimulated emission response are studied systematically as a function of chirp. The magnitude of the chirp effect on fluorescence and stimulated emission is found to depend quadratically on pulse energy, even where excitation probabilities range from 0.02 to 5%, in the so-called "linear excitation regime". Interestingly, the shape of the chirp dependence on fluorescence and stimulated emission is found to be independent of pulse energy. The chirp dependence reveals dynamics related to solvent rearrangement following excitation and also depends on electronic relaxation of the chromophore. The experimental results are successfully simulated using a four-level model in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening of the electronic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V Lozovoy
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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21
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Konar A, Shah JD, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Optical Response of Fluorescent Molecules Studied by Synthetic Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:1329-1335. [PMID: 26286778 DOI: 10.1021/jz300363t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The optical response of the fluorescent molecule IR144 in solution is probed by pairs of collinear pulses with intensity just above the linear dependence using two different pulse shaping methods. The first approach mimics a Michelson interferometer, while the second approach, known as multiple independent comb shaping (MICS), eliminates spectral interference. The comparison of interfering and non-interfering pulses reveals that linear interference between the pulses leads to the loss of experimental information at early delay times. In both cases, the delay between the pulses is controlled with attosecond resolution and the sample fluorescence and stimulated emission are monitored simultaneously. An out-of-phase behavior is observed for fluorescence and stimulated emission, with the fluorescence signal having a minimum at zero time delay. Experimental findings are modeled using a two-level system with relaxation that closely matches the phase difference between fluorescence and stimulated emission and the relative intensities of the measured effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jay D Shah
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Vadim V Lozovoy
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Marcos Dantus
- †Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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22
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23
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Wu TW, Tang J, Hajj B, Cui M. Phase resolved interferometric spectral modulation (PRISM) for ultrafast pulse measurement and compression. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:12961-12968. [PMID: 21747447 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.012961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We show through experiments and simulations that parallel phase modulation, a technique developed in the field of adaptive optics, can be employed to quickly determine the spectral phase profile of ultrafast laser pulses and to perform phase compensation as well as pulse shaping. Different from many existing ultrafast pulse measurement methods, the technique reported here requires no spectrum measurements of nonlinear signals. Instead, the power of nonlinear signals is used directly to quickly measure the spectral phase, a convenient feature for applications such as two-photon fluorescence microscopy. The method is found to work with both smooth and even completely random distortions. The experimental results are verified with MIIPS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-wei Wu
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
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24
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25
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Schneider J, Wollenhaupt M, Winzenburg A, Bayer T, Köhler J, Faust R, Baumert T. Efficient and robust strong-field control of population transfer in sensitizer dyes with designed femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8733-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02723e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Labroille G, Pillai RS, Solinas X, Boudoux C, Olivier N, Beaurepaire E, Joffre M. Dispersion-based pulse shaping for multiplexed two-photon fluorescence microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3444-3446. [PMID: 20967094 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate selective two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy with shaped pulses produced with a simple yet efficient scheme based on dispersive optical components. The pulse train from a broadband oscillator is split into two subtrains that are sent through different amounts of glass. Beam recombination results in pulse-shape switching at a rate of 150MHz. Time-resolved photon counting detection then provides two simultaneous images resulting from selective two-photon excitation, as demonstrated in a live embryo. Although less versatile than programmable pulse-shaping devices, this novel arrangement significantly improves the performance of selective microscopy using broadband shaped pulses while simplifying the experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Labroille
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, and INSERM U696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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27
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Zhang S, Zhang H, Yang Y, Jia T, Wang Z, Sun Z. Coherent enhancement in two-photon fluorescence in molecular system induced by phase-jump modulated pulse. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:094503. [PMID: 20210401 DOI: 10.1063/1.3327843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shian Zhang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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28
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Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH, Mauring K, Ye JY, Baker JR, Norris TB. Quantitative differentiation of dyes with overlapping one-photon spectra by femtosecond pulse shaping. JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE 2010; 130:29-34. [PMID: 20160886 PMCID: PMC2772214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2009.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that DiI and Rhodamine B, which are not easily distinguishable to one-photon measurements, can be differentiated and in fact quantified in mixture via tailored two-photon excitation pulses found by a genetic algorithm (GA). A nearly three-fold difference in the ratio of two-photon fluorescence of the two dyes is achieved, without a drop in signal of the favored fluorophore. Implementing an acousto-optic interferometer, we were able to prove that the mechanism of discrimination is second-harmonic tuning by the phase-shaped pulses to the relative maxima and minima of these cross-sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R. Tkaczyk
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, SPC 5648, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5408, USA
| | - Alan H. Tkaczyk
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
| | - Koit Mauring
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Riia 142, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jing Yong Ye
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, SPC 5648, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5408, USA
| | - James R. Baker
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, SPC 5648, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5408, USA
| | - Theodore B. Norris
- Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099, USA
- Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, 9220 MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, SPC 5648, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5408, USA
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29
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Isobe K, Suda A, Tanaka M, Kannari F, Kawano H, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Multifarious control of two-photon excitation of multiple fluorophores achieved by phase modulation of ultra-broadband laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:13737-46. [PMID: 19654781 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.013737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We propose two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy employing a novel phase modulation technique of ultra-broadband laser pulses, which allows the relative excitation of an individual fluorophore with respect to other fluorophores. This technique is based on the generation of multi-wavelength pulse train, which independently interacts with each fluorophore. Our technique is applied to dual-color imaging of cells expressing two types of fluorescent proteins. We achieve the selective excitation of one over the other and vice versa. The product of the maximum contrast ratios exceeds 100. We also demonstrate yielded equal excitation rates in the simultaneous excitation. By the selective excitation of a donor fluorescent protein, fluorescence resonance energy transfer imaging is also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Isobe
- Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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30
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Pillai RS, Boudoux C, Labroille G, Olivier N, Veilleux I, Farge E, Joffre M, Beaurepaire E. Multiplexed two-photon microscopy of dynamic biological samples with shaped broadband pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:12741-12752. [PMID: 19654680 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.012741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control can be used to selectively enhance or cancel concurrent multiphoton processes, and has been suggested as a means to achieve nonlinear microscopy of multiple signals. Here we report multiplexed two-photon imaging in vivo with fast pixel rates and micrometer resolution. We control broadband laser pulses with a shaping scheme combining diffraction on an optically-addressed spatial light modulator and a scanning mirror allowing to switch between programmable shapes at kiloHertz rates. Using coherent control of the two-photon excited fluorescence, it was possible to perform selective microscopy of GFP and endogenous fluorescence in developing Drosophila embryos. This study establishes that broadband pulse shaping is a viable means for achieving multiplexed nonlinear imaging of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh S Pillai
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, and INSERM U696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Silberberg
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel;
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32
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Silva DL, Misoguti L, Mendonça CR. Control of Two-Photon Absorption in Organic Compounds by Pulse Shaping: Spectral Dependence. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:5594-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. L. Silva
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L. Misoguti
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C. R. Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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33
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Han YC, Yuan KJ, Hu WH, Cong SL. Control of photodissociation and photoionization of the NaI molecule by dynamic Stark effect. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:044308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3067921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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34
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Xi P, Andegeko Y, Pestov D, Lovozoy VV, Dantus M. Two-photon imaging using adaptive phase compensated ultrashort laser pulses. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:014002. [PMID: 19256690 DOI: 10.1117/1.3059629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
An adaptive pulse shaper controlled by multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scanning (MIIPS) was used, together with a prism-pair, to measure and cancel high-order phase distortions introduced by a high-numerical-aperture objective and other dispersive elements of a two-photon laser-scanning microscope. The delivery of broad-bandwidth (approximately 100 nm), sub-12-fs pulses was confirmed by interferometric autocorrelation measurements at the focal plane. A comparison of two-photon imaging with transform-limited and second-order-dispersion compensated laser pulses of the same energy showed a 6-to-11-fold improvement in the two-photon excitation fluorescence signal when applied to cells and tissue, and up to a 19-fold improvement in the second harmonic generation signal from a rat tendon specimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xi
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Laser Medicine and Biophotonics, Shanghai 200240 China
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35
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Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH, Mauring K, Ye JY, Baker JR, Norris TB. Control of Two-photon Fluorescence of Common Dyes and Conjugated Dyes. J Fluoresc 2008; 19:517-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Xu B, Coello Y, Nogueira GT, Cruz FC, Dantus M. Asynchronous encrypted information transmission with sub-6 fs laser system at 2.12 GHz repetition rate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:15109-15114. [PMID: 18795049 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.015109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The asynchronous transmission (encoding and decoding) of 64-bit information using binary spectral phase shaping is demonstrated. The accurate introduction and retrieval of the binary information is possible by using multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS) to measure and correct the spectral phase distortions of the laser and the transmission media. Experimental demonstration is achieved using a sub-6 fs Ti:Sapphire laser with 2.12-GHz repetition rate and an adaptive phase control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwei Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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37
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Carroll EC, White JL, Florean AC, Bucksbaum PH, Sension RJ. Multiphoton Control of the 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Ring-Opening Reaction in the Presence of Competing Solvent Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6811-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8013404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Carroll
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - James L. White
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - Andrei C. Florean
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
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38
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Ideguchi T, Yoshioka K, Mysyrowicz A, Kuwata-Gonokami M. Coherent quantum control of excitons at ultracold and high density in Cu2O with phase manipulated pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:233001. [PMID: 18643491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
By phase manipulation of a short laser pulse, it is possible to selectively generate ultracold excitons in a two-photon process while quenching the multiphoton excitation of hot electrons and holes. We show how this technique allows us to suppress the heating of n=1 orthoexcitons in Cu(2)O at high density. Using a laser pulse having an energy of a few microJ and duration of 100 fs, we are thus able to produce a cold exciton gas up to a density of 10(15) cm(-3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Ideguchi
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, and CREST-JST, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Lozovoy VV, Andegeko Y, Zhu X, Dantus M. Applications of ultrashort shaped pulses in microscopy and for controlling chemical reactions. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Piryatinski A, Tretiak S, Chernyak VY. Dynamical variational approach to non-adiabatic electronic structure. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Liebers J, Kleinekathöfer U, May V. Sequences of ultrafast non-resonant multiphoton transitions in a three-electronic level molecule. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Lozovoy VV, Zhu X, Gunaratne TC, Harris DA, Shane JC, Dantus M. Control of Molecular Fragmentation Using Shaped Femtosecond Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3789-812. [DOI: 10.1021/jp071691p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Lozovoy
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Tissa C. Gunaratne
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - D. Ahmasi Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Janelle C. Shane
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Marcos Dantus
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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43
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May V, Ambrosek D, Oppel M, González L. Theory of ultrafast nonresonant multiphoton transitions in polyatomic molecules: Basics and application to optimal control theory. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:144102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2766717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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44
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Symmetry of nonlinear optical response to time inversion of shaped femtosecond pulses as a clock of ultrafast dynamics. Chem Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Carroll EC, Pearson BJ, Florean AC, Bucksbaum PH, Sension RJ. Spectral phase effects on nonlinear resonant photochemistry of 1,3-cyclohexadiene in solution. J Chem Phys 2007; 124:114506. [PMID: 16555900 DOI: 10.1063/1.2168454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the ring opening of 1,3-cyclohexadiene to form 1,3,5-cis-hexatriene (Z-HT) using optical pulse shaping to enhance multiphoton excitation. A closed-loop learning algorithm was used to search for an optimal spectral phase function, with the effectiveness or fitness of each optical pulse assessed using the UV absorption spectrum. The learning algorithm was able to identify pulses that increased the formation of Z-HT by as much as a factor of 2 and to identify pulse shapes that decreased solvent fragmentation while leaving the formation of Z-HT essentially unaffected. The highest yields of Z-HT did not occur for the highest peak intensity laser pulses. Rather, negative quadratic phase was identified as an important control parameter in the formation of Z-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Carroll
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 500 East University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1120, USA
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46
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Tada J, Kono T, Suda A, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K, Kannari F. Adaptively controlled supercontinuum pulse from a microstructure fiber for two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:3023-30. [PMID: 17514253 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.003023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Selective fluorescence excitation of specific molecular species is demonstrated by using coherent control of two-photon excitation with supercontinuum pulses generated with a microstructure fiber. Pulse shaping prior to pulse propagation through the fiber is controlled by a self-learning optimization loop so that the highest fluorescence signal contrast between two fluorescent proteins is obtainable. The self-learning optimization loop successfully controls both the optical nonlinarity of the microstructure fiber and the two-photon excitation of the fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Tada
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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47
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Harris DA, Shane JC, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Automated phase characterization and adaptive pulse compression using multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan in air. OPTICS EXPRESS 2007; 15:1932-1938. [PMID: 19532432 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.001932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a non-interferometric single beam method for automated spectral phase characterization and adaptive pulse compression of amplified ultrashort femtosecond pulses taking advantage of third order harmonic generation in air. This new method, air-MIIPS, compensates high-order phase distortions based on multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan (MIIPS).
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48
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Montgomery MA, Damrauer NH. Elucidation of Control Mechanisms Discovered during Adaptive Manipulation of [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 Emission in the Solution Phase. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1426-33. [PMID: 17269753 DOI: 10.1021/jp065962s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To design methodologies that will allow researchers to directly correlate the results of adaptive control experiments with physiochemical control pathways in arbitrary complex molecular systems it is imperative that prototype systems are developed and that exigent control pathways are understood. We have been interested in the results of adaptive control experiments in our laboratory involving the maximization of a ratio of two experimental observables: (1) the thermalized emission from the solution-phase coordination complex [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 and (2) the second harmonic signal (a purely intensity-dependent phenomenon) of the shaped laser fields. Using a rational pulse shaping strategy, we have made a measurement of the ratio spectrum (in essence the two-photon absorption cross section) for the molecule [Ru(dpb)3](PF6)2 in a room temperature solution of acetonitrile. This spectrum is highly varied across the accessible two-photon power spectrum of our broad-band laser pulses and demonstrates the existence of a control pathway wherein a shaped laser field can manipulate excited-state population (with respect to SHG) by conforming to the second-order spectral response of the molecule in solution. We show that our adaptive control algorithm is capable of taking advantage of these control pathways using simulated adaptive control experiments. Finally, we measure second-harmonic spectra of shaped laser fields discovered during an adaptive control experiment and show that these agree with simulation. These results suggest that our adaptive control experiment can be understood in the context of the elucidated spectral control pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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49
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Dela Cruz JM, Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Isomeric identification by laser control mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:178-86. [PMID: 17173337 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence shaped femtosecond laser pulses have on molecular photofragmentation and ionization, coupled with the intrinsic sensitivity of mass spectrometry, results in a powerful tool for fast, accurate, reproducible and quantitative isomeric identification. Complex phase functions are introduced to enhance differences during the laser-molecule interactions, which depend on geometric structure, resulting in different fragmentation fingerprints. A full account is given on the setup and results leading to a technique that can be used to distinguish between compounds normally indistinguishable by conventional electron ionization mass spectrometry. We demonstrate geometric and structural isomer identification of cis-/trans-3-heptene, cis-/trans-4-methyl-2-pentene, o-/p-cresol and o-/p-xylene. For the positional isomers of xylene we present a complete dataset consisting of 1024 different phases to explore phase complexity. A selection of two phases from that data can then be used to achieve quantitative identification in mixtures of xylene isomers. Finally, we evaluate receiver operational curves obtained from our experimental data to demonstrate the reliability that can be achieved by femtosecond laser control mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Dela Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Nuernberger P, Vogt G, Brixner T, Gerber G. Femtosecond quantum control of molecular dynamics in the condensed phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:2470-97. [PMID: 17508081 DOI: 10.1039/b618760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the progress in controlling quantum dynamical processes in the condensed phase with femtosecond laser pulses. Due to its high particle density the condensed phase has both high relevance and appeal for chemical synthesis. Thus, in recent years different methods have been developed to manipulate the dynamics of condensed-phase systems by changing one or multiple laser pulse parameters. Single-parameter control is often achieved by variation of the excitation pulse's wavelength, its linear chirp or its temporal subpulse separation in case of pulse sequences. Multiparameter control schemes are more flexible and provide a much larger parameter space for an optimal solution. This is realized in adaptive femtosecond quantum control, in which the optimal solution is iteratively obtained through the combination of an experimental feedback signal and an automated learning algorithm. Several experiments are presented that illustrate the different control concepts and highlight their broad applicability. These fascinating achievements show the continuous progress on the way towards the control of complex quantum reactions in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nuernberger
- Universität Würzburg, Physikalisches Institut, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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