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Erdenedalai K, Maltais-Tariant R, Dehaes M, Boudoux C. MCOCT: an experimentally and numerically validated, open-source Monte Carlo simulator for optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2024; 15:624-640. [PMID: 38404350 PMCID: PMC10890866 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present MCOCT, a Monte Carlo simulator for optical coherence tomography (OCT), incorporating a Gaussian illumination scheme and bias to increase backscattered event collection. MCOCT optical fluence was numerically compared and validated to an established simulator (MCX) and showed concordance at the focus while diverging slightly with distance to it. MCOCT OCT signals were experimentally compared and validated to OCT signals acquired in tissue-mimicking phantoms with known optical properties and showed a similar attenuation pattern with increasing depth while diverging beyond 1.5 mm and proximal to layer interfaces. MCOCT may help in the design of OCT systems for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaliun Erdenedalai
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mathieu Dehaes
- University of Montreal, Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center, H3T 1C5, Montreal, Canada
- University of Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, H3T 1J4, Montreal, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Research Center, H3T 1C5, Montreal, Canada
- Castor Optics, H3T 2B1, Montreal, Canada
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Rasouli Y, Barbeau B, Maltais-Tariant R, Boudoux C, Claveau-Mallet D. Impact of Cleaning on Membrane Performance during Surface Water Treatment: A Hybrid Process with Biological Ion Exchange and Gravity-Driven Membranes. Membranes (Basel) 2024; 14:33. [PMID: 38392660 PMCID: PMC10890121 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the hybrid biological ion exchange (BIEX) resin and gravity-driven membrane (GDM) process was employed for the treatment of coloured and turbid river water. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of both physical and chemical cleaning methods on ceramic and polymeric membranes in terms of their stabilised flux, flux recovery after physical/chemical cleaning, and permeate quality. To address these objectives, two types of MF and UF membranes were utilised (M1 = polymeric MF, M2 = polymeric UF, M3 = ceramic UF, and M4 = lab-made ceramic MF). Throughout the extended operation, the resin functioned initially in the primary ion exchange (IEX) region (NOM displacement with pre-charged chloride) and progressed to a secondary IEX stage (NOM displacement with bicarbonate and sulphate), while membrane flux remained stable. Subsequently, physical cleaning involved air/water backwash with two different flows and pressures, and chemical cleaning utilised NaOH at concentrations of 20 and 40 mM, as well as NaOCl at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg Cl2/L. These processes were carried out to assess flux recovery and identify fouling reversibility. The results indicate an endpoint of 1728 bed volumes (BVs) for the primary IEX region, while the secondary IEX continued up to 6528 BV. At the end of the operation, DOC and UVA254 removal in the effluent of the BIEX columns were 68% and 81%, respectively, compared to influent water. This was followed by 30% and 57% DOC and UVA254 removal using M4 (ceramic MF). The stabilised flux remained approximately 3.8-5.2 LMH both before and after the cleaning process, suggesting that membrane materials do not play a pivotal role. The mean stabilised flux of polymeric membranes increased after cleaning, whereas that of the ceramics decreased. Enhanced air-water backwash flow and pressure resulted in an increased removal of hydraulic reversible fouling, which was identified as the dominant fouling type. Ceramic membranes exhibited a higher removal of reversible hydraulic fouling than polymeric membranes. Chemical cleaning had a low impact on flux recovery; therefore, we recommend solely employing physical cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Rasouli
- Department of Civil, Geological & Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Department of Civil, Geological & Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Raphaël Maltais-Tariant
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Castor Optics, Inc., St-Laurent, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dominique Claveau-Mallet
- Department of Civil, Geological & Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900 Boulevard Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Maltais-Tariant R, Itzamna Becerra-Deana R, Brais-Brunet S, Dehaes M, Boudoux C. Speckle contrast reduction through the use of a modally-specific photonic lantern for optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2023; 14:6250-6259. [PMID: 38420311 PMCID: PMC10898554 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A few-mode optical coherence tomography (FM-OCT) system was developed around a 2 × 1 modally-specific photonic lantern (MSPL) centered at 1310 nm. The MSPL allowed FM-OCT to acquire two coregistered images with uncorrelated speckle patterns generated by their specific coherent spread function. Here, we showed that averaging such images in vitro and in vivo reduced the speckle contrast by up to 28% and increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by up to 48% with negligible impact on image spatial resolution. This method is compatible with other speckle reduction techniques to further improve OCT image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Brais-Brunet
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montréal, Canada
- Université de Montréal, Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montréal, Canada
- Castor Optics, Saint-Laurent, Canada
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
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Séguin A, Becerra-Deana RI, Virally S, Boudoux C, Godbout N. Fabrication and characterization of indium fluoride multimode fused fiber couplers for the mid-infrared. Opt Express 2023; 31:33670-33678. [PMID: 37859142 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Results of the fabrication and characterization of optical fiber couplers made of multimode step-index fluoroindate (InF3) fibers are presented. The fabrication setup was customized for this type of glass with a constant source of controlled nitrogen flow heated to a target temperature with an accuracy ±1°C. Combined with a novel fast fusion approach and with excellent control of the viscosity throughout the process, the clean gas flow and well-controlled temperature enable the fabrication of fused fiber couplers absent of any noticeable crystallization. A coupling ratio of 45/55 was achieved, with an excess loss of 0.35 dB, at 1.7 µm. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first low excess loss (<1 dB), multimode, InF3 fiber couplers.
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Attendu X, Faber DJ, Lamouche G, van Leeuwen TG, Boudoux C, Rivard M. Calibration procedure for enhanced mirror artifact removal in full-range optical coherence tomography using passive quadrature demultiplexing. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:116006. [PMID: 36428251 PMCID: PMC9705222 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.11.116006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Passive quadrature demultiplexing allows full-range optical coherence tomography (FR-OCT). However, imperfections in the wavelength- and frequency-response of the demodulation circuits can cause residual mirror artifacts, which hinder high-quality imaging on both sides of zero delay. AIM We aim at achieving high mirror artifact extinction by calibrated postprocessing of the FR-OCT signal. APPROACH We propose a mathematical framework for the origin of the residual mirror peaks as well as a protocol allowing the precise measurement and correction of the associated errors directly from mirror measurements. RESULTS We demonstrate high extinction of the mirror artifact over the entire imaging range, as well as an assessment of the method's robustness to time and experimental conditions. We also provide a detailed description of the practical implementation of the method to ensure optimal reproducibility. CONCLUSION The proposed method is simple to implement and produces high mirror artifact extinction. This may encourage the adoption of FR-OCT in clinical and industrial systems or loosen the performance requirements on the optical demodulation circuit, as the imperfections can be handled in postprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Attendu
- Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Lamouche
- National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Québec, Canada
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maxime Rivard
- National Research Council Canada, Boucherville, Québec, Canada
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Ducharme É, Virally S, Becerra-Deana RI, Boudoux C, Godbout N. Viscosity of fluoride glass fibers for fused component fabrication. Appl Opt 2022; 61:5031-5039. [PMID: 36256180 DOI: 10.1364/ao.455528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride glasses show great promise for mid-IR fiber-based applications. Their brittleness and low glass transition temperature have thus far been obstacles towards obtaining low-loss fused components. Here, we suggest a simple method to measure glass viscosity over a range of process temperatures of interest for fused coupler fabrication. We achieved tapers of inverse taper ratio (ITR) 0.12 in multimode fluoroindate fibers. Tapers with loss <0.1dB at ITR 0.3 and no visible defects were fabricated with high repeatability. This work paves the way towards low-loss fused optical couplers in fluoride glass fiber.
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Brais-Brunet S, Heckel É, Kanniyappan U, Chemtob S, Boudoux C, Joyal JS, Dehaes M. Morphometric and Microstructural Changes During Murine Retinal Development Characterized Using In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34698774 PMCID: PMC8556565 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT) system capable of imaging the developing mouse retina and its associated morphometric and microstructural changes. Methods Thirty-four wild-type mice (129S1/SvlmJ) were anesthetized and imaged between postnatal (P) day 7 and P21. OCT instrumentation was developed to optimize signal intensity and image quality. Semi-automatic segmentation tools were developed to quantify the retinal thickness of the nerve fiber layer (NFL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and the outer retinal layers (ORL), in addition to the total retina. The retinal maturation was characterized by comparing layer thicknesses between consecutive time points. Results From P7 to P10, the IPL increased significantly, consistent with retinal synaptogenesis. From P10 to P12, the IPL and ORL also increased, which is coherent with synaptic connectivity and photoreceptor maturation. In contrast, during these periods, the INL decreased significantly, consistent with cellular densification and selective apoptotic “pruning” of the tissue during nuclear migration. Thereafter from P12 to P21, the INL continued to thin (significantly from P17 to P21) whereas the other layers remained unchanged. No time-dependent changes were observed in the NFL. Overall, changes in the total retina were attributed to those in the IPL, INL, and ORL. Regions of the retina adjacent to the optic nerve head were thinner than distal regions during maturation. Conclusions Changes in retinal layer thickness are consistent with retinal developmental mechanisms. Accordingly, this report opens new horizons in using our system in the mouse to characterize longitudinally developmental digressions in models of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Brais-Brunet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Émilie Heckel
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Udayakumar Kanniyappan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Joyal
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada.,Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Canada.,Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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de Sivry-Houle MP, Beaudoin SB, Brais-Brunet S, Dehaes M, Godbout N, Boudoux C. All-fiber few-mode optical coherence tomography using a modally-specific photonic lantern. Biomed Opt Express 2021; 12:5704-5719. [PMID: 34692210 PMCID: PMC8515961 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was recently performed using a few-mode (FM) fiber to increase contrast or improve resolution using a sequential time-domain demultiplexing scheme isolating the different interferometric signals of the mode-coupled backscattered light. Here, we present an all-fiber FM-OCT system based on a parallel modal demultiplexing scheme exploiting a novel modally-specific photonic lantern (MSPL). The MSPL allows for maximal fringe visibility for each fiber propagation mode in an all-fiber assembly which provides the robustness required for clinical applications. The custom-built MSPL was designed for OCT at 930 nm and is wavelength-independent over the broad OCT spectrum. We further present a comprehensive coupling model for the interpretation of FM-OCT images using the first two propagation modes of a few-mode fiber, validate its predictions, and demonstrate the technique using in vitro microbead phantoms and ex vivo biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon Brais-Brunet
- Université de Montréal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Mathieu Dehaes
- Université de Montréal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montréal (QC), Canada
- Université de Montréal, Department of Radiology, Radio-oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Montréal (QC), Canada
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- Polytechnique Montréal, Engineering Physics Department, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Engineering Physics Department, Montréal (QC), Canada
- Research Centre, CHU Ste-Justine, Montréal (QC), Canada
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Maltais-Tariant R, Boudoux C, Uribe-Patarroyo N. Real-time co-localized OCT surveillance of laser therapy using motion corrected speckle decorrelation. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:2925-2950. [PMID: 32637233 PMCID: PMC7316020 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a system capable of real-time delivery and monitoring of laser therapy by imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) through a double-clad fiber (DCF). A double-clad fiber coupler is used to inject and collect OCT light into the core of a DCF and inject the therapy light into its larger inner cladding, allowing for both imaging and therapy to be perfectly coregistered. Monitoring of treatment depth is achieved by calculating the speckle intensity decorrelation occurring during tissue coagulation. Furthermore, an analytical noise correction was used on the correlation to extend the maximum monitoring depth. We also present a method for correcting motion-induced decorrelation using a lookup table. Using the value of the noise- and motion-corrected correlation coefficient in a novel approach, our system is capable of identifying the depth of thermal coagulation in real time and automatically shut the therapy laser off when the targeted depth is reached. The process is demonstrated ex vivo in rat tongue and abdominal muscles for depths ranging from 500 µm to 1000 µm with induced motion in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Maltais-Tariant
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Qc, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Qc, Canada
- Castor Optics Inc., 361 Boul Montpellier, St-Laurent, Qc, Canada
| | - Néstor Uribe-Patarroyo
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Attendu X, Bourget MH, de Sivry-Houle MP, Boudoux C. Coregistered optical coherence tomography and frequency-encoded multispectral imaging for spectrally sparse color imaging. J Biomed Opt 2019; 25:1-12. [PMID: 31755250 PMCID: PMC7011031 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.3.032008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a system combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and multispectral imaging (MSI) for coregistered structural imaging and surface color imaging. We first describe and numerically validate an optimization model to guide the selection of the MSI wavelengths and their relative intensities. We then demonstrate the integration of this model into an all-fiber bench-top system. We implement frequency-domain multiplexing for the MSI to enable concurrent acquisition of both OCT and MSI at OCT acquisition rates. Such a system could be implemented in endoscopic practices to provide multimodal, high-resolution imaging of deep organ structures that are currently inaccessible to standard video endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Attendu
- Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Bourget
- Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montréal, Canada
- Castor Optics Inc., St-Laurent, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Caroline Boudoux, E-mail:
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Yang N, Boudoux C, De Montigny E, Maniakas A, Gologan O, Madore WJ, Khullar S, Guertin L, Christopoulos A, Bissada E, Ayad T. Rapid head and neck tissue identification in thyroid and parathyroid surgery using optical coherence tomography. Head Neck 2019; 41:4171-4180. [PMID: 31571306 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that may reproduce the microarchitecture of tissues in real-time. This study examines whether OCT can render distinct images of thyroid, parathyroid glands, adipose tissue, and lymph nodes in both healthy and pathological states. METHODS Twenty-seven patients undergoing thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and/or neck dissection for thyroid cancer were recruited prospectively for imaging prior to histopathological analysis. RESULTS Based on 122 imaged specimens, qualitative OCT descriptions were derived for healthy thyroid, parathyroid gland, adipose tissue, and lymph node. The frequencies at which distinguishing features were present for each tissue type were 88%, 83%, 100%, and 82%. OCT appearance of pathological specimens were also described. CONCLUSIONS Healthy neck tissues have distinct OCT appearances, which could facilitate parathyroid identification during thyroidectomies. However, images of parathyroid adenomas could be confused with those of lymph nodes, and benign and malignant thyroid nodules could not be differentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Yang
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Etienne De Montigny
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anastasios Maniakas
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olga Gologan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy-Julie Madore
- Department of Engineering Physics, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharmila Khullar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Guertin
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Apostolos Christopoulos
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Bissada
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tareck Ayad
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Benboujja F, Bowe S, Boudoux C, Hartnick C. Utility of Optical Coherence Tomography for Guiding Laser Therapy Among Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 144:831-837. [PMID: 30098151 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2018.1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a viral-induced disease caused by human papillomavirus and the second leading cause of dysphonia in children; however, neither a cure nor a definitive surgical treatment is currently available for RRP. Although laser therapy is often used in the treatment of RRP, the lack of real-time laser-tissue interaction feedback undermines the ability of physicians to provide treatments with low morbidity. Therefore, an intraoperative tool to monitor and control laser treatment depth is needed. Objective To investigate the potential of combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) with laser therapy for patient-tailored laryngeal RRP treatments. Design, Setting, and Participants This in vivo study was performed at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from February 1, 2017, to September 1, 2017. Three-dimensional OCT images were acquired before, during, and after photoangiolytic laser therapy in 10 pediatric patients with a history of papilloma growth who presented with lesions and hoarseness. Main Outcomes and Measures Whether intraoperative OCT monitoring of changes in optical scattering and absorption provides quantitative information to control thermal damage in tissue. Results Among the 10 pediatric patients (age range, 4-11 years; 6 male) included in the study, high-resolution OCT images revealed epithelial hyperplasia with clear RRP lesion margins. Images acquired during therapy indicated coagulation deep in tissue, and posttherapy images showed the ability to quantify the amount of tissue ablated by the photoangiolytic laser. Conclusions and Relevance Concurrent use of OCT imaging and laser therapy may improve postoperative outcomes for patients with RRP by delivering an optimal, patient-tailored treatment. Additional studies investigating the correlation between optical properties with vocal outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fouzi Benboujja
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sarah Bowe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Engineering Physics Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston.,Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston
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Attendu X, Ruis RM, Boudoux C, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Simple and robust calibration procedure for k-linearization and dispersion compensation in optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2019; 24:1-11. [PMID: 31087833 PMCID: PMC6992960 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.5.056001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), proper signal sampling and dispersion compensation are essential steps to achieve optimal axial resolution. These calibration steps can be performed through numerical signal processing, but require calibration information about the system that may require lengthy and complex measurement protocols. We report a highly robust calibration procedure that can simultaneously determine correction vectors for nonlinear wavenumber sampling and dispersion compensation. The proposed method requires only two simple mirror measurements and no prior knowledge about the system's illumination source or detection scheme. This method applies to both spectral domain and swept-source OCT systems. Furthermore, it may be implemented as a low-cost fail-safe to validate the proper function of calibration hardware such as k-clocks. We demonstrate the method's simple implementation, effectiveness, and robustness on both types of OCT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Attendu
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Polytechnique Montreal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Xavier Attendu, E-mail:
| | - Roosje M. Ruis
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montreal, Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Beaudette K, Strupler M, Ren J, Bouma BE, Boudoux C. Radiometric model for coaxial single- and multimode optical emission from double-clad fiber. Appl Opt 2018; 57:1110-1118. [PMID: 29469894 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Double-clad fibers (DCFs) are versatile waveguides supporting a single-mode core surrounded by a multimode inner cladding. DCFs are increasingly used for multimodal biomedical applications, such as imaging or therapy, for which the core is typically used for coherent illumination and the inner cladding, to support a concurrent modality. Proper optimization is, however, critical to ensure high optical performance and requires accurate modeling of coaxial single- and multimode output beams. In this paper, we present an approach based on geometrical optics and radiometry, which provides a simple and efficient modeling tool for designing and optimizing DCF-based systems. A radiometric definition of single- and multimode output beams in terms of irradiance and radiant intensity allows for the modeling of the energy distribution along the beams' propagation. We confirmed the validity of the model through comparison with experimental measurements and demonstrate the use of the model for optimizing a catheter for concurrent OCT and laser coagulation.
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15
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St-Pierre C, Madore WJ, De Montigny E, Trudel D, Boudoux C, Godbout N, Mes-Masson AM, Rahimi K, Leblond F. Dimension reduction technique using a multilayered descriptor for high-precision classification of ovarian cancer tissue using optical coherence tomography: a feasibility study. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2017; 4:041306. [PMID: 29057287 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.4.4.041306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) yields microscopic volumetric images representing tissue structures based on the contrast provided by elastic light scattering. Multipatient studies using OCT for detection of tissue abnormalities can lead to large datasets making quantitative and unbiased assessment of classification algorithms performance difficult without the availability of automated analytical schemes. We present a mathematical descriptor reducing the dimensionality of a classifier's input data, while preserving essential volumetric features from reconstructed three-dimensional optical volumes. This descriptor is used as the input of classification algorithms allowing a detailed exploration of the features space leading to optimal and reliable classification models based on support vector machine techniques. Using imaging dataset of paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 38 ovarian cancer patients, we report accuracies for cancer detection [Formula: see text] for binary classification between healthy fallopian tube and ovarian samples containing cancer cells. Furthermore, multiples classes of statistical models are presented demonstrating [Formula: see text] accuracy for the detection of high-grade serous, endometroid, and clear cells cancers. The classification approach reduces the computational complexity and needed resources to achieve highly accurate classification, making it possible to contemplate other applications, including intraoperative surgical guidance, as well as other depth sectioning techniques for fresh tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine St-Pierre
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wendy-Julie Madore
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Etienne De Montigny
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique Trudel
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblond
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Madore WJ, De Montigny E, Deschênes A, Benboujja F, Leduc M, Mes-Masson AM, Provencher DM, Rahimi K, Boudoux C, Godbout N. Morphologic three-dimensional scanning of fallopian tubes to assist ovarian cancer diagnosis. J Biomed Opt 2017; 22:76012. [PMID: 28727868 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.7.076012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The majority of high-grade serous ovarian cancers is now believed to originate in the fallopian tubes. Therefore, current practices include the pathological examination of excised fallopian tubes. Detection of tumors in the fallopian tubes using current clinical approaches remains difficult but is of critical importance to achieve accurate staging and diagnosis. Here, we present an intraoperative imaging system for the detection of human fallopian tube lesions. The system is based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to access subepithelial tissue architecture. To demonstrate that OCT could identify lesions, we analyzed 180 OCT volumes taken from five different ovarian lesions and from healthy fallopian tubes, and compared them to standard pathological review. We demonstrated that qualitative features could be matched to pathological conditions. We then determined the feasibility of intraluminal imaging of intact human fallopian tubes by building a dedicated endoscopic single-fiber OCT probe to access the mucosal layer inside freshly excised specimens from five patients undergoing prophylactic surgeries. The probe insertion into the lumen acquired images over the entire length of the tubes without damaging the mucosa, providing the first OCT images of intact human fallopian tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy-Julie Madore
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, CanadabCentre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université (CRCHUM), Cancer and Imaging and Engineering Departments, Montreal, CanadacInstitut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Etienne De Montigny
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, CanadabCentre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université (CRCHUM), Cancer and Imaging and Engineering Departments, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andréanne Deschênes
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, Canada
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, Canada
| | - Mikaël Leduc
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université (CRCHUM), Cancer and Imaging and Engineering Departments, Montreal, CanadacInstitut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, CanadadUniversité de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Diane M Provencher
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université (CRCHUM), Cancer and Imaging and Engineering Departments, Montreal, CanadacInstitut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, CanadaeUniversité de Montréal, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kurosh Rahimi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université (CRCHUM), Cancer and Imaging and Engineering Departments, Montreal, CanadacInstitut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- École Polytechnique Montréal, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers (COPL), Montreal, Canada
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17
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Malone JD, El-Haddad MT, Bozic I, Tye LA, Majeau L, Godbout N, Rollins AM, Boudoux C, Joos KM, Patel SN, Tao YK. Simultaneous multimodal ophthalmic imaging using swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2017; 8:193-206. [PMID: 28101411 PMCID: PMC5231292 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) benefits diagnostic imaging and therapeutic guidance by allowing for high-speed en face imaging of retinal structures. When combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT), SLO enables real-time aiming and retinal tracking and provides complementary information for post-acquisition volumetric co-registration, bulk motion compensation, and averaging. However, multimodality SLO-OCT systems generally require dedicated light sources, scanners, relay optics, detectors, and additional digitization and synchronization electronics, which increase system complexity. Here, we present a multimodal ophthalmic imaging system using swept-source spectrally encoded scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (SS-SESLO-OCT) for in vivo human retinal imaging. SESLO reduces the complexity of en face imaging systems by multiplexing spatial positions as a function of wavelength. SESLO image quality benefited from single-mode illumination and multimode collection through a prototype double-clad fiber coupler, which optimized scattered light throughput and reduce speckle contrast while maintaining lateral resolution. Using a shared 1060 nm swept-source, shared scanner and imaging optics, and a shared dual-channel high-speed digitizer, we acquired inherently co-registered en face retinal images and OCT cross-sections simultaneously at 200 frames-per-second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Malone
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mohamed T. El-Haddad
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Logan A. Tye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | | | - Nicolas Godbout
- Castor Optics, Montreal, QC H3T 2B1, Canada
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Andrew M. Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Castor Optics, Montreal, QC H3T 2B1, Canada
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Karen M. Joos
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Shriji N. Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Yuankai K. Tao
- Current Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Previous Affiliation: Ophthalmic Imaging Center, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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18
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Guay-Lord R, Attendu X, Lurie KL, Majeau L, Godbout N, Bowden AKE, Strupler M, Boudoux C. Combined optical coherence tomography and hyperspectral imaging using a double-clad fiber coupler. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:116008. [PMID: 27829103 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.11.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the combination of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) using a double-clad optical fiber coupler. The single-mode core of the fiber is used for OCT imaging, while the inner cladding of the double-clad fiber provides an efficient way to capture the reflectance spectrum of the sample. The combination of both methods enables three-dimensional acquisition of the sample morphology with OCT, enhanced with complementary molecular information contained in the hyperspectral image. The HSI data can be used to highlight the presence of specific molecules with characteristic absorption peaks or to produce true color images overlaid on the OCT volume for improved tissue identification by the clinician. Such a system could be implemented in a number of clinical endoscopic applications and could improve the current practice in tissue characterization, diagnosis, and surgical guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guay-Lord
- École Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Xavier Attendu
- École Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Kristen L Lurie
- Stanford University, E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, 350 Serra Mall, Packa Road, Room 361, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lucas Majeau
- École Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- École Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, CanadacCastor Optics, 5155 Avenue Decelles 1251, Pavillon J-Armand Bombardier, Montréal, Québec H3T 2B1, Canada
| | - Audrey K Ellerbee Bowden
- Stanford University, E.L. Ginzton Laboratory, 350 Serra Mall, Packa Road, Room 361, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Mathias Strupler
- École Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- École Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, C.P. 6079 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, CanadacCastor Optics, 5155 Avenue Decelles 1251, Pavillon J-Armand Bombardier, Montréal, Québec H3T 2B1, Canada
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19
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Pahlevaninezhad H, Lee AMD, Hohert G, Lam S, Shaipanich T, Beaudoin EL, MacAulay C, Boudoux C, Lane P. Endoscopic high-resolution autofluorescence imaging and OCT of pulmonary vascular networks. Opt Lett 2016; 41:3209-12. [PMID: 27420497 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution imaging from within airways may allow new methods for studying lung disease. In this work, we report an endoscopic imaging system capable of high-resolution autofluorescence imaging (AFI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in peripheral airways using a 0.9 mm diameter double-clad fiber (DCF) catheter. In this system, AFI excitation light is coupled into the core of the DCF, enabling tightly focused excitation light while maintaining efficient collection of autofluorescence emission through the large diameter inner cladding of the DCF. We demonstrate the ability of this imaging system to visualize pulmonary vasculature as small as 12 μm in vivo.
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20
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Garcia JA, Benboujja F, Beaudette K, Rogers D, Maurer R, Boudoux C, Hartnick CJ. Collagen Content Limits Optical Coherence Tomography Image Depth in Porcine Vocal Fold Tissue. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 155:829-836. [PMID: 27352894 DOI: 10.1177/0194599816658005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vocal fold scarring, a condition defined by increased collagen content, is challenging to treat without a method of noninvasively assessing vocal fold structure in vivo. The goal of this study was to observe the effects of vocal fold collagen content on optical coherence tomography imaging to develop a quantifiable marker of disease. STUDY DESIGN Excised specimen study. SETTING Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Porcine vocal folds were injected with collagenase to remove collagen from the lamina propria. Optical coherence tomography imaging was performed preinjection and at 0, 45, 90, and 180 minutes postinjection. Mean pixel intensity (or image brightness) was extracted from images of collagenase- and control-treated hemilarynges. Texture analysis of the lamina propria at each injection site was performed to extract image contrast. Two-factor repeated measure analysis of variance and t tests were used to determine statistical significance. Picrosirius red staining was performed to confirm collagenase activity. RESULTS Mean pixel intensity was higher at injection sites of collagenase-treated vocal folds than control vocal folds (P < .0001). Fold change in image contrast was significantly increased in collagenase-treated vocal folds than control vocal folds (P = .002). Picrosirius red staining in control specimens revealed collagen fibrils most prominent in the subepithelium and above the thyroarytenoid muscle. Specimens treated with collagenase exhibited a loss of these structures. CONCLUSION Collagen removal from vocal fold tissue increases image brightness of underlying structures. This inverse relationship may be useful in treating vocal fold scarring in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kathy Beaudette
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Derek Rogers
- Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Rie Maurer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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21
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De Montigny E, Goulamhoussen N, Madore WJ, Strupler M, Gologan OE, Ayad T, Boudoux C. Tri-modal microscope for head and neck tissue identification. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:732-45. [PMID: 27231585 PMCID: PMC4866452 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A novel tri-modal microscope combining optical coherence tomography (OCT), spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) and fluorescence imaging is presented. This system aims at providing a tool for rapid identification of head and neck tissues during thyroid surgery. The development of a dual-wavelength polygon-based swept laser allows for synchronized, co-registered and simultaneous imaging with all three modalities. Further ameliorations towards miniaturization include a custom lens for optimal compromise between orthogonal imaging geometries as well as a double-clad fiber coupler for increased throughput. Image quality and co-registration is demonstrated on freshly excised swine head and neck tissue samples to illustrate the complementarity of the techniques for identifying signature cellular and structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne De Montigny
- COPL, Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nadir Goulamhoussen
- COPL, Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wendy-Julie Madore
- COPL, Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Montreal University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mathias Strupler
- COPL, Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Tareck Ayad
- Montreal University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- COPL, Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Benboujja F, Garcia JA, Beaudette K, Strupler M, Hartnick CJ, Boudoux C. Intraoperative imaging of pediatric vocal fold lesions using optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:16007. [PMID: 26780225 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.1.016007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fouzi Benboujja
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Jordan A Garcia
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Kathy Beaudette
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Mathias Strupler
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, P.O. Box 6079 Station Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, CanadabHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otolaryngology, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachu
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23
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Garcia JA, Benboujja F, Beaudette K, Guo R, Boudoux C, Hartnick CJ. Using attenuation coefficients from optical coherence tomography as markers of vocal fold maturation. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:E218-23. [PMID: 26525926 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising technology to noninvasively assess vocal fold microanatomy. The goal of this study was to develop a methodology using OCT to identify quantifiable markers of vocal fold development. STUDY DESIGN In vivo study. METHODS A two-step process was developed to reproducibly image the midmembranous vocal fold edge of 10 patients younger than 2 years and 10 patients between 11 and 16 years of age using OCT. An image analysis algorithm was implemented to extract OCT-derived A-lines for each patient. These A-lines were divided into three zones according to apparent changes in slope. Relative attenuation coefficients, or tissue- and system-dependent parameters that describe the rate at which optical signal decays, were calculated for each zone. RESULTS Young patients had distinct relative attenuation coefficients in zone 1 (P < .0001), whereas zones 2 and 3 were indistinct (P = .1129). Older patients had distinct relative attenuation coefficients in zones 1, 2, and 3 (P < .0370). Between age groups, relative attenuation coefficients were different in zones 2 and 3 (P < .0001, P = .0315, respectively) and indistinct in zone 1 (P = .1438). CONCLUSIONS Relative attenuation coefficients can be used as markers of vocal fold development. Differences in relative attenuation coefficients likely represent changes in extracellular matrix structure within the lamina propria and may become useful for guiding treatment of voice disorders in the pediatric population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 126:E218-E223, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Garcia
- Department of Otolaryngology , Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- Engineering Physics Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathy Beaudette
- Engineering Physics Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Engineering Physics Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher J Hartnick
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A
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24
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Scolaro L, Lorenser D, Madore WJ, Kirk RW, Kramer AS, Yeoh GC, Godbout N, Sampson DD, Boudoux C, McLaughlin RA. Molecular imaging needles: dual-modality optical coherence tomography and fluorescence imaging of labeled antibodies deep in tissue. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:1767-81. [PMID: 26137379 PMCID: PMC4467702 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging using optical techniques provides insight into disease at the cellular level. In this paper, we report on a novel dual-modality probe capable of performing molecular imaging by combining simultaneous three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (OCT) and two-dimensional fluorescence imaging in a hypodermic needle. The probe, referred to as a molecular imaging (MI) needle, may be inserted tens of millimeters into tissue. The MI needle utilizes double-clad fiber to carry both imaging modalities, and is interfaced to a 1310-nm OCT system and a fluorescence imaging subsystem using an asymmetrical double-clad fiber coupler customized to achieve high fluorescence collection efficiency. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first dual-modality OCT and fluorescence needle probe with sufficient sensitivity to image fluorescently labeled antibodies. Such probes enable high-resolution molecular imaging deep within tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Scolaro
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Dirk Lorenser
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Wendy-Julie Madore
- Centre d'optique, photonique et lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Rodney W. Kirk
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Anne S. Kramer
- Centre for Medical Research, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - George C. Yeoh
- Centre for Medical Research, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- Centre d'optique, photonique et lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Centre d'optique, photonique et lasers, Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal (QC), Canada
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic, & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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De Montigny E, Madore WJ, Ouellette O, Bernard G, Leduc M, Strupler M, Boudoux C, Godbout N. Double-clad fiber coupler for partially coherent detection. Opt Express 2015; 23:9040-51. [PMID: 25968739 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.009040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Double-clad fibers (DCF) have many advantages in fibered confocal microscopes as they allow for coherent illumination through their core and partially coherent detection through their inner cladding. We report a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) made from small inner cladding DCF that preserves optical sectioning in confocal microscopy while increasing collection efficiency and reducing coherent effects. Due to the small inner cladding, previously demonstrated fabrication methods could not be translated to this coupler's fabrication. To make such a coupler possible, we introduce in this article three new design concepts. The resulting DCFC fabricated using two custom fibers and a modified fusion-tapering technique achieves high multimodal extraction (≥70 %) and high single mode transmission (≥80 %). Its application to reflectance confocal microscopy showed a 30-fold increase in detected signal intensity, a 4-fold speckle contrast reduction with a penalty in axial resolution of a factor 2. This coupler paves the way towards more efficient confocal microscopes for clinical applications.
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Beaudette K, Baac HW, Madore WJ, Villiger M, Godbout N, Bouma BE, Boudoux C. Laser tissue coagulation and concurrent optical coherence tomography through a double-clad fiber coupler. Biomed Opt Express 2015; 6:1293-303. [PMID: 25909013 PMCID: PMC4399668 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is herein used in conjunction with a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) to enable simultaneous and co-registered optical coherence tomography (OCT) and laser tissue coagulation. The DCF allows a single channel fiber-optic probe to be shared: i.e. the core propagating the OCT signal while the inner cladding delivers the coagulation laser light. We herein present a novel DCFC designed and built to combine both signals within a DCF (>90% of single-mode transmission; >65% multimode coupling). Potential OCT imaging degradation mechanisms are also investigated and solutions to mitigate them are presented. The combined DCFC-based system was used to induce coagulation of an ex vivo swine esophagus allowing a real-time assessment of thermal dynamic processes. We therefore demonstrate a DCFC-based system combining OCT imaging with laser coagulation through a single fiber, thus enabling both modalities to be performed simultaneously and in a co-registered manner. Such a system enables endoscopic image-guided laser marking of superficial epithelial tissues or laser thermal therapy of epithelial lesions in pathologies such as Barrett's esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Beaudette
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7,
Canada
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,
USA
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,
USA
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon,
South Korea
| | - Wendy-Julie Madore
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7,
Canada
| | - Martin Villiger
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,
USA
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7,
Canada
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114,
USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,
USA
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Centre d’Optique Photonique et Lasers, Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, QC H3C 3A7,
Canada
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27
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Strupler M, Beckley AM, Benboujja F, Dubois S, Noiseux I, Mermut O, Bouchard JP, Boudoux C. Toward an automated method for optical coherence tomography characterization. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:126007. [PMID: 26720874 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.126007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in biomedical applications, robust yet simple methods for calibrating and benchmarking a system are needed. We present here a procedure based on a calibration object complemented with an algorithm that analyzes three-dimensional OCT datasets to retrieve key characteristics of an OCT system. The calibration object combines state-of-the-art tissue phantom material with a diamond-turned aluminum multisegment mirror. This method is capable of determining rapidly volumetric field-of-view, axial resolution, and image curvature. Moreover, as the phantom material mimics biological tissue, the system’s signal and noise levels can be evaluated in conditions close to biological experiments. We believe this method could improve OCT quantitative data analysis and help OCT data comparison for longitudinal or multicenter studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Strupler
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 6079 succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Amber M Beckley
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 6079 succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 6079 succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Sylvain Dubois
- Institut National d'Optique, 2740 Einstein Street, Ville de Québec, Quebec G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Isabelle Noiseux
- Institut National d'Optique, 2740 Einstein Street, Ville de Québec, Quebec G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Ozzy Mermut
- Institut National d'Optique, 2740 Einstein Street, Ville de Québec, Quebec G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouchard
- Institut National d'Optique, 2740 Einstein Street, Ville de Québec, Quebec G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- École Polytechnique de Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, 6079 succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3A7, Canada
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Baiad MD, Gagné M, Madore WJ, De Montigny E, Godbout N, Boudoux C, Kashyap R. Surface plasmon resonance sensor interrogation with a double-clad fiber coupler and cladding modes excited by a tilted fiber Bragg grating. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4911-4914. [PMID: 24322164 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor scheme using reflected guided cladding modes captured by a double-clad fiber coupler and excited in a gold-coated fiber with a tilted Bragg grating. This new interrogation approach, based on the reflection spectrum, provides an improvement in the operating range of the device over previous techniques. The device allows detection of SPR in the reflected guided cladding modes and also in the transmitted spectrum, allowing comparison with standard techniques. The sensor has a large operating range from 1.335 to 1.432 RIU, and a sensitivity of 510.5 nm/RIU. The device shows strong dependence on the polarization state of the guided core mode which can be used to turn the SPR on or off.
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29
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Madore WJ, De Montigny E, Ouellette O, Lemire-Renaud S, Leduc M, Daxhelet X, Godbout N, Boudoux C. Asymmetric double-clad fiber couplers for endoscopy. Opt Lett 2013; 38:4514-7. [PMID: 24177133 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.004514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present an asymmetric double-clad fiber coupler (A-DCFC) exploiting a disparity in fiber etendues to exceed the equipartition limit (≤50% extraction of inner cladding multi-mode light). The A-DCFC is fabricated using two commercially available fibers and a custom fusion-tapering setup to achieve >70% extraction of multi-mode inner cladding light without affecting (>95% transmission) single-mode light propagation in the core. Imaging with the A-DCFC is demonstrated in a spectrally encoded imaging setup using a weakly backscattering biological sample. Other applications include the combination of optical coherence tomography with weak fluorescent or Raman scattering signals.
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Baiad MD, Gagné M, Lemire-Renaud S, De Montigny E, Madore WJ, Godbout N, Boudoux C, Kashyap R. Capturing reflected cladding modes from a fiber Bragg grating with a double-clad fiber coupler. Opt Express 2013; 21:6873-6879. [PMID: 23546069 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.006873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel measurement scheme using a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to resolve cladding modes. Direct measurement of the optical spectra and power in the cladding modes is obtained through the use of a specially designed DCFC spliced to a highly reflective FBG written into slightly etched standard photosensitive single mode fiber to match the inner cladding diameter of the DCFC. The DCFC is made by tapering and fusing two double-clad fibers (DCF) together. The device is capable of capturing backward propagating low and high order cladding modes simply and efficiently. Also, we demonstrate the capability of such a device to measure the surrounding refractive index (SRI) with an extremely high sensitivity of 69.769 ± 0.035 μW/RIU and a resolution of 1.433 × 10(-5) ± 8 × 10(-9) RIU between 1.37 and 1.45 RIU. The device provides a large SRI operating range from 1.30 to 1.45 RIU with sufficient discrimination for all individual captured cladding modes. The proposed scheme can be adapted to many different types of bend, temperature, refractive index and other evanescent wave based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Diaa Baiad
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal H3C 3A7, QC, Canada.
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31
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Lorenser D, Quirk BC, Auger M, Madore WJ, Kirk RW, Godbout N, Sampson DD, Boudoux C, McLaughlin RA. Dual-modality needle probe for combined fluorescence imaging and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography. Opt Lett 2013; 38:266-8. [PMID: 23381406 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, we present the first needle probe for combined optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence imaging. The probe uses double-clad fiber (DCF) that guides the OCT signal and fluorescence excitation light in the core and collects and guides the returning fluorescence in the large-diameter multimode inner cladding. It is interfaced to a 1310 nm swept-source OCT system that has been modified to enable simultaneous 488 nm fluorescence excitation and >500 nm emission detection by using a DCF coupler to extract the returning fluorescence signal in the inner cladding with high efficiency. We present imaging results from an excised sheep lung with fluorescein solution infused through the vasculature. We were able to identify alveoli, bronchioles, and blood vessels. The results demonstrate that the combined OCT plus fluorescence needle images provide improved tissue differentiation over OCT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Lorenser
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, WA, Australia.
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Maturo S, Benboujja F, Boudoux C, Hartnick C. Quantitative distinction of unique vocal fold subepithelial architectures using optical coherence tomography. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2013. [PMID: 23193909 DOI: 10.1177/000348941212101109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to quantitatively analyze ex vivo porcine, fetal human, and adult human vocal folds by use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). A secondary objective was to quantitatively discriminate among 1-, 2-, and 3-layer lamina propria structures. METHODS We performed an analysis of the vocal folds of 10 adult pig, 3 adult human, and 2 fetal human vocal fold specimens using OCT and histologic techniques. We present a quantitative comparison of the OCT results and histologic findings. RESULTS We found that OCT allowed for the visualization of the subepithelial vocal fold architecture of all imaged tissue, and that it revealed distinct characteristic signal intensities for each type of specimen. CONCLUSIONS Optical coherence tomography was developed for in vivo imaging of biological microstructures. This study demonstrates the ability of OCT to differentiate between the vocal fold architectures of 3 histologically distinct types of vocal folds. Future studies aim to develop a quantitative optical imaging algorithm that can be used to facilitate an in vivo longitudinal clinical investigation of the changes that occur in this layered structure over time and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Maturo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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33
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Beaudette K, Strupler M, Benboujja F, Parent S, Aubin CE, Boudoux C. Optical coherence tomography for the identification of musculoskeletal structures of the spine: a pilot study. Biomed Opt Express 2012; 3:533-542. [PMID: 22435100 PMCID: PMC3296540 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the spine requiring in severe cases invasive surgery. Here, we explore the potential of optical coherence tomography (OCT) as a guiding tool for novel fusionless minimally invasive spinal surgeries on an ex vivo porcine model. We show that OCT, despite its limited penetration depth, may be used to precisely locate structures such as growth plate, bone and intervertebral disk using relative attenuation coefficients. We further demonstrate a segmentation algorithm that locates growth plates automatically on en-face OCT reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Beaudette
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathias Strupler
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carl-Eric Aubin
- Mechanical Engineering Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Lemire-Renaud S, Strupler M, Benboujja F, Godbout N, Boudoux C. Double-clad fiber with a tapered end for confocal endomicroscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2011; 2:2961-72. [PMID: 22076259 PMCID: PMC3207367 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) for use in confocal endomicroscopy to reduce speckle contrast, increase signal collection while preserving optical sectioning. The DCFC is made by incorporating a double-clad tapered fiber (DCTF) to a fused-tapered DCFC for achromatic transmission (from 1265 nm to 1325 nm) of > 95% illumination light trough the single mode (SM) core and collection of > 40% diffuse light through inner cladding modes. Its potential for confocal endomicroscopy is demonstrated in a spectrally-encoded imaging setup which shows a 3 times reduction in speckle contrast as well as 5.5 × increase in signal collection compared to imaging with a SM fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lemire-Renaud
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
- Centre d′Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375, de la Terrasse Road, Quebec, Quebec,
Canada
| | - Mathias Strupler
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
- Sainte-Justine Mother and Child University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
| | - Fouzi Benboujja
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
- Sainte-Justine Mother and Child University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
| | - Nicolas Godbout
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
- Centre d′Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375, de la Terrasse Road, Quebec, Quebec,
Canada
| | - Caroline Boudoux
- Engineering Physics Department, École Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
- Centre d′Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375, de la Terrasse Road, Quebec, Quebec,
Canada
- Sainte-Justine Mother and Child University Hospital Center, 3175, Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
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35
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Baraghis E, Bolduc V, Lefebvre J, Srinivasan VJ, Boudoux C, Thorin E, Lesage F. Measurement of cerebral microvascular compliance in a model of atherosclerosis with optical coherence tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2011; 2:3079-3093. [PMID: 22076269 PMCID: PMC3207377 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.003079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been used to produce 3D angiography of microvasculature and blood flow maps of large vessels in the rodent brain in-vivo. However, use of this optical method for the study of cerebrovascular disease has not been fully explored. Recent developments in neurodegenerative diseases has linked common cardiovascular risk factors to neurodegenerative risk factors hinting at a vascular hypothesis for the development of the latter. Tools for studying cerebral blood flow and the myogenic tone of cerebral vasculature have thus far been either highly invasive or required ex-vivo preparations therefore not preserving the delicate in-vivo conditions. We propose a novel technique for reconstructing the flow profile over a single cardiac cycle in order to evaluate flow pulsatility and vessel compliance. A vascular model is used to simulate changes in vascular compliance and interpret OCT results. Comparison between atherosclerotic and wild type mice show a trend towards increased compliance in the smaller arterioles of the brain (diameter < 80μm) in the disease model. These results are consistent with previously published ex-vivo work confirming the ability of OCT to investigate vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Baraghis
- Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3A7,
Canada
| | - V. Bolduc
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Est, Montreal, Qc, H3T 1J4,
Canada
| | - J. Lefebvre
- Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3A7,
Canada
| | - V. J. Srinivasan
- Optics Division, MGH/MIT/HMS Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129,
USA
| | - C. Boudoux
- Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3A7,
Canada
| | - E. Thorin
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Est, Montreal, Qc, H3T 1J4,
Canada
| | - F. Lesage
- Ecole Polytechnique Montreal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montreal, Qc, H3C 3A7,
Canada
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger Est, Montreal, Qc, H3T 1J4,
Canada
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36
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Labroille G, Pillai RS, Solinas X, Boudoux C, Olivier N, Beaurepaire E, Joffre M. Dispersion-based pulse shaping for multiplexed two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Opt Lett 2010; 35:3444-3446. [PMID: 20967094 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate selective two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy with shaped pulses produced with a simple yet efficient scheme based on dispersive optical components. The pulse train from a broadband oscillator is split into two subtrains that are sent through different amounts of glass. Beam recombination results in pulse-shape switching at a rate of 150MHz. Time-resolved photon counting detection then provides two simultaneous images resulting from selective two-photon excitation, as demonstrated in a live embryo. Although less versatile than programmable pulse-shaping devices, this novel arrangement significantly improves the performance of selective microscopy using broadband shaped pulses while simplifying the experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Labroille
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, and INSERM U696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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37
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Kang DK, Suter MJ, Boudoux C, Yachimski PS, Puricelli WP, Nishioka NS, Mino-Kenudson M, Lauwers GY, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Co-registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system. J Microsc 2010; 239:87-91. [PMID: 20629914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2010.03367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging are two non-contact optical imaging technologies that provide images of tissue cellular and architectural morphology, which are both used for histopathological diagnosis. Although spectrally encoded confocal microscopy has better transverse resolution than optical frequency domain imaging, optical frequency domain imaging can penetrate deeper into tissues, which potentially enables the visualization of different morphologic features. We have developed a co-registered spectrally encoded confocal microscopy and optical frequency domain imaging system and have obtained preliminary images from human oesophageal biopsy samples to compare the capabilities of these imaging techniques for diagnosing oesophageal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Kang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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38
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Villey R, Carrion L, Morneau D, Boudoux C, Maciejko R. High-velocity-flow imaging with real-time Doppler optical coherence tomography. Appl Opt 2010; 49:3140-3149. [PMID: 20517385 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.003140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present a real-time time-domain Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) system based on the zero-crossing method for velocity measurements of fluid flows with attainable velocities up to 10 m/s. In the current implementation, one-dimensional and two-dimensional velocity profiles of fluid flows ranging from 1 cm/s to more than 3 m/s were obtained for both laminar and turbulent flows. The line rate was approximately 500 Hz, and the images were treated in real time. This approach has the advantage of providing reliable velocity maps free from phase aliasing or other artifacts common to several OCT systems. The system is particularly well suited for investigating complex velocity profiles, especially in the presence of steep velocity gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Villey
- Centre d'optique, photonique et laser, Department of Engineering Physics, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
We present rapid imaging of fluorescent samples using spectral encoding (SE). A near-IR wavelength-swept source in used to preserve the SE of the position, despite Stokes shifts. To validate this approach, we imaged fluorescent PbS quantum dot solutions at concentrations down to 0.5+/-0.1micromol/L. This simple configuration allowed acquisition rates of up to 9920 lines of 1024 pixels per second to create high-resolution images. This spectrally encoded setup could be easily miniaturized for endoscopy, thus combining high-resolution fluorescence with confocal reflectance imaging at unmatched acquisition speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Strupler
- Engineering Physics Department, Ecole Polytechnique Montréal,2900, Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, H3C3A7, Canada
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Lemire-Renaud S, Rivard M, Strupler M, Morneau D, Verpillat F, Daxhelet X, Godbout N, Boudoux C. Double-clad fiber coupler for endoscopy. Opt Express 2010; 18:9755-64. [PMID: 20588826 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.009755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a double-clad fiber coupler (DCFC) for use in endoscopy to reduce speckle contrast, increase signal collection and depth of field. The DCFC is made by fusing and tapering two all silica double-clad fiber (DCF) and allows achromatic transmission of >95% of core illumination (1265nm - 1325nm) as well as collection of >42% of inner cladding diffuse light. Its potential for endoscopy is demonstrated in a spectrally encoded imaging setup which shows speckle reduction by a factor 5, increased signal collection by a factor 9 and enhanced depth of field by 1.8 times. Separation by the DCFC of single- and multi-mode signals allows combining low-speckle reflectance images (25.5 fps) with interferometrically measured depth profiles (post-processed) for of small three-dimensional (3D) features through an all-fiber low loss instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lemire-Renaud
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Engineering Physics Department, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Station Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kang D, Suter MJ, Boudoux C, Yoo H, Yachimski PS, Puricelli WP, Nishioka NS, Mino-Kenudson M, Lauwers GY, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Comprehensive imaging of gastroesophageal biopsy samples by spectrally encoded confocal microscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 71:35-43. [PMID: 19922916 PMCID: PMC3135336 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2009.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed reflectance confocal microscopy technique that has the potential to be used for acquiring comprehensive images of the entire distal esophagus endoscopically with subcellular resolution. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to demonstrate large-area SECM in upper GI tissues and to determine whether the images contain microstructural information that is useful for pathologic diagnosis. DESIGN A feasibility study. SETTING Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital. PATIENTS Fifty biopsy samples from 36 patients undergoing routine EGD were imaged by SECM, in their entirety, immediately after their removal. RESULTS The microstructure seen in the SECM images was similar to that seen by histopathology. Gastric cardia mucosa was clearly differentiated from squamous mucosa. Gastric fundic/body type mucosa showed more tightly packed glands than gastric cardia mucosa. Fundic gland polyps showed cystically dilated glands lined with cuboidal epithelium. The presence of intraepithelial eosinophils was detected with the cells demonstrating a characteristic bilobed nucleus. Specialized intestinal metaplasia was identified by columnar epithelium and the presence of goblet cells. Barrett's esophagus (BE) with dysplasia was differentiated from specialized intestinal metaplasia by the loss of nuclear polarity and disorganized glandular architecture. LIMITATIONS Ex vivo, descriptive study. CONCLUSIONS Large-area SECM images of gastroesophageal biopsy samples enabled the visualization of both subcellular and architectural features of various upper GI mucosal types and were similar to the corresponding histopathologic slides. These results suggest that the development of an endoscopic SECM probe is merited.
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Beaudette K, Strupler M, Driscoll M, Maciejko R, Aubin CE, Boudoux C. Towards a handheld probe based on optical coherence tomography for minimally invasive spine surgeries. Stud Health Technol Inform 2010; 158:49-54. [PMID: 20543399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques for the correction of scoliosis are under development. The installation of fusionless implants targeting the vertebral growth plate requires precise identification of spinal micro-structures. During ex vivo studies, we demonstrate that optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows visualization of spinal tissues including the growth plate, the intervertebral disc and the vertebral body. This study aims at designing a handheld probe using OCT and assessing its potential for use in MIS. An OCT handheld probe was built which satisfies criteria for resolution, penetration and field of view required for spinal MIS techniques. Ex vivo images of rat tail and porcine vertebrae enabled differentiating musculoskeletal tissues of the spine (growth plate, intervertebral disc and vertebral body). Pending in vivo studies on porcine models, we evaluated the probe on a human finger and demonstrated its ability to image human tissues at video rate (25 fps) with proper imaging depth and resolution. These preliminary results showed the potential of the OCT probe for dynamic and precise imaging of spinal tissues.
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Pillai RS, Boudoux C, Labroille G, Olivier N, Veilleux I, Farge E, Joffre M, Beaurepaire E. Multiplexed two-photon microscopy of dynamic biological samples with shaped broadband pulses. Opt Express 2009; 17:12741-12752. [PMID: 19654680 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.012741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Coherent control can be used to selectively enhance or cancel concurrent multiphoton processes, and has been suggested as a means to achieve nonlinear microscopy of multiple signals. Here we report multiplexed two-photon imaging in vivo with fast pixel rates and micrometer resolution. We control broadband laser pulses with a shaping scheme combining diffraction on an optically-addressed spatial light modulator and a scanning mirror allowing to switch between programmable shapes at kiloHertz rates. Using coherent control of the two-photon excited fluorescence, it was possible to perform selective microscopy of GFP and endogenous fluorescence in developing Drosophila embryos. This study establishes that broadband pulse shaping is a viable means for achieving multiplexed nonlinear imaging of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh S Pillai
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, and INSERM U696, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Boudoux C, Leuin SC, Oh WY, Suter MJ, Desjardins AE, Vakoc BJ, Bouma BE, Hartnick CJ, Tearney GJ. Optical Microscopy of the Pediatric Vocal Fold. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 135:53-64. [DOI: 10.1001/archoto.2008.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Yelin R, Yelin D, Oh WY, Yun SH, Boudoux C, Vakoc BJ, Bouma BE, Tearney GJ. Multimodality optical imaging of embryonic heart microstructure. J Biomed Opt 2007; 12:064021. [PMID: 18163837 PMCID: PMC2786273 DOI: 10.1117/1.2822904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Study of developmental heart defects requires the visualization of the microstructure and function of the embryonic myocardium, ideally with minimal alterations to the specimen. We demonstrate multiple endogenous contrast optical techniques for imaging the Xenopus laevis tadpole heart. Each technique provides distinct and complementary imaging capabilities, including: 1. 3-D coherence microscopy with subcellular (1 to 2 microm) resolution in fixed embryos, 2. real-time reflectance confocal microscopy with large penetration depth in vivo, and 3. ultra-high speed (up to 900 frames per second) that enables real-time 4-D high resolution imaging in vivo. These imaging modalities can provide a comprehensive picture of the morphologic and dynamic phenotype of the embryonic heart. The potential of endogenous-contrast optical microscopy is demonstrated for investigation of the teratogenic effects of ethanol. Microstructural abnormalities associated with high levels of ethanol exposure are observed, including compromised heart looping and loss of ventricular trabecular mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Yelin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, 55 Fruit Street, BAR 703, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Abstract
Imaging large tissue areas with microscopic resolution in vivo may offer an alternative to random excisional biopsy. We present an approach for performing confocal imaging of large tissue surface areas using spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM). We demonstrate a single-optical-fiber SECM apparatus, designed for imaging luminal organs, that is capable of imaging with a transverse resolution of 2.1 microm over a subsurface area of 16 cm2 in less than 1 min. Due to the unique probe configuration and scanning geometry, the speed and resolution of this new imaging technology are sufficient for comprehensively imaging large tissues areas at a microscopic scale in times that are appropriate for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yelin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, MA 02114, USA
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Boudoux C, Yun S, Oh W, White W, Iftimia N, Shishkov M, Bouma B, Tearney G. Rapid wavelength-swept spectrally encoded confocal microscopy. Opt Express 2005; 13:8214-21. [PMID: 19498851 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.008214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a technique that allows confocal microscopy to be performed through the confines of a narrow diameter optical fiber probe. We present a novel scheme for performing SECM in which a rapid wavelength swept source is used. The system allows large field of view images to be acquired at rates up to 30 frames/second. Images of resolution targets and tissue specimens acquired ex vivo demonstrate high lateral (1.4 mum) and axial (6 mum) resolution. Imaging of human skin was performed in vivo at depths of up to 350 mum, allowing cellular and sub-cellular details to be visualized in real time.
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Yun SH, Boudoux C, Pierce MC, de Boer JF, Tearney GJ, Bouma BE. Extended-Cavity Semiconductor Wavelength-Swept Laser for Biomedical Imaging. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett 2004; 16:293-295. [PMID: 20640193 PMCID: PMC2905174 DOI: 10.1109/lpt.2003.820096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact high-power rapidly swept wavelength tunable laser source based on a semiconductor optical amplifier and an extended-cavity grating filter. The laser produces excellent output characteristics for biomedical imaging, exhibiting >4-mW average output power, <0.06-nm instantaneous linewidth, and >80-dB noise extinction with its center wavelength swept over 100 nm at 1310 nm at variable repetition rates up to 500 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - C. Boudoux
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and Department of Nuclear Engineering, Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - M. C. Pierce
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - J. F. de Boer
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - G. J. Tearney
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - B. E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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Yun SH, Boudoux C, Tearney GJ, Bouma BE. High-speed wavelength-swept semiconductor laser with a polygon-scanner-based wavelength filter. Opt Lett 2003; 28:1981-3. [PMID: 14587796 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-speed tuning of an extended-cavity semiconductor laser is demonstrated. The laser resonator comprises a unidirectional fiber-optic ring, a semiconductor optical amplifier as the gain medium, and a novel scanning filter based on a polygonal scanner. Variable tuning rates up to 1150 nm/ms (15.7-kHz repetition frequency) are demonstrated over a 70-nm wavelength span centered at 1.32 microm. This tuning rate is more than an order of magnitude faster than previously demonstrated and is facilitated in part by self-frequency shifting in the semiconductor optical amplifier. The instantaneous linewidth of the source is <0.1 nm for 9-mW cw output power and a low spontaneous-emission background of -80 dB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yun
- Harvard Medical School and Wellman Laboratories for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Blossom Street, BAR 718, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Dion YM, Ben El Kadi H, Boudoux C, Gourdon J, Chakfé N, Traoré A, Moisan C. Endovascular procedures under near-real-time magnetic resonance imaging guidance: an experimental feasibility study. J Vasc Surg 2000; 32:1006-14. [PMID: 11054233 DOI: 10.1067/mva.2000.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of insertion of endovascular stents and the precision of an open-field interventional magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) system in an in vivo model. METHODS A feasibility study was undertaken at a university-affiliated hospital. Three male piglets with an average age of 6 months and a weight between 70 and 77 kg and two 3-month-old male piglets that weighed 40 to 44 kg were anesthetized. The five piglets underwent placement of nitinol stents inserted through the right femoral artery, under the guidance of a SIGNA-SP 0. 5T open-configuration iMRI unit. With a dedicated high-resolution near-real-time MRI sequence, the stent was guided and deployed onto a predefined target. RESULTS The main outcome measures were the duration of the procedure from the beginning of positioning to the end of deployment of the stent, the final position of the stent in relation to the target on the iMRI screen, and comparison with autopsy findings. Three stents were deployed within the aorta at the level of the renal arteries, and two were deployed within the right iliac artery just below the aortic trifurcation. The average duration of the endovascular deployment was 13 minutes. There was an agreement of 0.6 mm in the position of the stent as observed on iMR images and found at autopsy. When the piglets were sacrificed, the average distance between the stents and the predefined target was 7. 8 mm, mostly because of the migration of one stent. Axial views allowed for accurate determination of stent impaction on the vascular wall. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the feasibility of stent deployment under near-real-time MRI guidance. It also emphasizes some inherent characteristics that hold promise with regard to other conventional techniques: stents and vascular structures are visualized in near-real-time in any desired plane, and the technique is performed without the potential adverse effects of ionizing radiations and iodinated contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Dion
- Department of Surgery, the Department of Engineering, and the Laboratory Animal Division, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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