1
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Moradpour B, Omidyan R. Photophysical properties of Pt(ii) complexes based on the benzoquinoline (bzq) ligand with OLED implication: a theoretical study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20278-20289. [PMID: 38919282 PMCID: PMC11197014 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03334e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigate photophysical properties of eight inorganic Pt(ii) complexes containing the bzq (benzoquinoline) ligand for OLED applications using high-level density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. We explore the radiative and non-radiative relaxation constants (k r, k nr), spin-orbit coupling (SOC) matrix elements, and spectral properties. To ensure compatibility between the host and guest compounds, we determine the HOMO and LUMO energy levels, as well as the triplet excitation energies of the selected systems, and evaluate their efficiency for OLED devices. Our findings indicate that all systems, except for 2a and 2b, exhibit a small S1-T1 energetic gap (ΔE ≤ 0.60 eV) and promising SOC matrix elements (25-93 cm-1), leading to a significant intersystem crossing (ISC) process. These complexes also show promising radiative relaxation rates (k r = ∼10-4 s-1) and high phosphorescent quantum yields (Φ > 30%). Thus, our results confirm that six out of the eight selected Pt(ii) complexes are promising candidates for use in the emitting layer (EML) of OLED devices as efficient green emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batool Moradpour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan 81746-73441 Isfahan Iran +98 31 3668 9732
| | - Reza Omidyan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan 81746-73441 Isfahan Iran +98 31 3668 9732
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2
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Son E, Lee S, Seo J, Kim U, Kim SH, Baik JM, Han YK, Park H. Engineering the Local Atomic Configuration in 2H TMDs for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37183803 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of heteroatoms is a widely employed strategy for electrocatalysis of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). This approach activates the inactive basal plane, effectively boosting the intrinsic catalytic activity. However, the effect of atomic configurations incorporated within the TMDs' lattice on catalytic activity is not thoroughly understood owing to the lack of controllable synthetic approaches for highly doped TMDs. In this study, we demonstrate a facile approach to realizing heavily doped MoS2 with a high doping concentration above 16% via intermediate-reaction-mediated chemical vapor deposition. As the V doping concentration increased, the incorporated V atoms coalesced in a manner that enabled both the basal plane activation and electrical conductivity enhancement of MoS2. This accelerated the kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through the reduced Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption, as evidenced by experimental and theoretical analyses. Consequently, the coalesced V-doped MoS2 exhibited superior HER performance, with an overpotential of 100 mV at 10 mA cm-2, surpassing the pristine and single-atom-doped counterparts. This study provides an intriguing pathway for engineering the atomic doping configuration of TMDs to develop efficient 2D nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunbin Son
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Lee
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyung Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ungsoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Heon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Baik
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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3
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Soldano C, Laouadi O, Gallegos-Rosas K. TCTA:Ir(ppy) 3 Green Emissive Blends in Organic Light-Emitting Transistors (OLETs). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43719-43728. [PMID: 36506198 PMCID: PMC9730476 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors are photonic devices combining the function of an electrical switch with the capability of generating light under appropriate bias conditions. Achieving high-performance light-emitting transistors requires high-mobility organic semiconductors, optimized device structures, and highly efficient emissive layers. In this work, we studied the optoelectronic response of green blends (TCTA:Ir(ppy)3) with varying doping concentrations in the limit of field-effect within a transistor device configuration. Increasing the dye concentration within the blend leads to a quenching of the photoluminescence signal; however, when implemented in a multilayer stack in a transistor, we observed an approximately 5-fold improvement in the light output for a 10% Ir(ppy)3 doping blend. We analyzed our results in terms of balanced charge transport in the emissive layer, which, in the limit of field-effect (horizontal component), leads to an improved exciton formation and decay process. While the performances of our devices are yet to achieve the state-of-the-art diode counterpart, this work demonstrates that engineering the emissive layer is a promising approach to enhance the light emission in field-effect devices. This opens the way for a broader exploitation of organic light-emitting transistors as alternative photonic devices in several fields, ranging from display technology to flexible and wearable electronics.
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4
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Polgar AM, Poisson J, Christopherson CJ, Hudson ZM. Enhancement of Red Thermally Assisted Fluorescence in Bottlebrush Block Copolymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Polgar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jade Poisson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Cheyenne J. Christopherson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Zachary M. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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5
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Polgar AM, Tonge CM, Christopherson CJ, Paisley NR, Reyes AC, Hudson ZM. Thermally Assisted Fluorescent Polymers: Polycyclic Aromatic Materials for High Color Purity and White-Light Emission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38602-38613. [PMID: 32846499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) sensitization of fluorescence is a promising strategy to improve the color purity and operational lifetime of conventional TADF organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we propose a new design strategy for TADF-sensitized fluorescence based on acrylic polymers with a pendant energy-harvesting host, a TADF sensitizer, and fluorescent emitter monomers. Fluorescent emitters were rationally designed from a series of homologous polycyclic aromatic amines, resulting in efficient and color-pure polymeric fluorophores capable of harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons. Macromolecular analogues of blue, green, and yellow fourth-generation OLED emissive layers were prepared in a facile manner by Cu(0) reversible deactivation radical polymerization, with emission quantum yields up to 0.83 in air and narrow emission bands with full width at half-maximum as low as 57 nm. White-light emission can easily be achieved by enforcing incomplete energy transfer between a deep blue TADF sensitizer and yellow fluorophore to yield a single white-emissive polymer with CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.39) and quantum yield 0.77. Energy transfer to the fluorescent emitters occurs at rates of 1-4 × 108 s-1, significantly faster than deactivation caused by internal conversion or intersystem crossing. Rapid energy transfer facilitates high triplet exciton utilization and efficient sensitized emission, even when TADF emitters with a low quantum yield are used as photosensitizers. Our results indicate that a broad library of untapped polymers exhibiting efficient TADF-sensitized fluorescence should be readily accessible from known TADF materials, including many monomers previously thought unsuitable for use in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Polgar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Christopher M Tonge
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Cheyenne J Christopherson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Nathan R Paisley
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Annelie C Reyes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zachary M Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Ma Z, Lü J, Dong W, Ding J, Wang L. Efficient Red Phosphorescent Polymers with Trap-Assisted Charge Balance: Molecular Design, Synthesis, and Electroluminescent Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18730-18738. [PMID: 31059224 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three classes of red phosphorescent polymers (PF-H- x, PF-DPO- x, and PF-DPA- x, where x denotes the mole content of Ir complex) have been designed and synthesized, where the C∧N ligand of the tethered dopant bis(2,4-diphenylquinolyl)iridium(acetylacetonate) is substituted by hydrogen (H), diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO), and diphenylamine (DPA), respectively. It is found that the electron-withdrawing DPO group can lower the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the phosphor, whereas the electron-donating DPA group leads to an upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the phosphor. Following a sequence of PF-DPA- x, PF-H- x, and PF-DPO- x, the electron trap depth between dopant and host is gradually up from 0.43 to 1.01 eV, and the hole trap depth is correspondingly down from 0.74 to 0.46 eV. As a result, PF-DPO- x achieves the most balanced charge transport in the emitting layer among these polymers, revealing a record-high luminous efficiency (LE) of 10.3 cd/A and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.62, 0.33) on the basis of the simple single-layer device structure. Compared with PF-H- x (3.8 cd/A) and PF-DPA- x (1.2 cd/A) containing the same Ir content, the significantly improved performance indicates that trap-assisted charge balance is a promising strategy to optimize the device efficiency of red phosphorescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Wenyue Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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7
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Wang Y, Wang S, Ding J, Wang L. Multinuclear Iridium Complex Encapsulated by Oligocarbazole Dendrons for Enhanced Nondoped Device Efficiency. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15308-15314. [PMID: 31458192 PMCID: PMC6643811 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A dendritic multinuclear Ir complex, namely Cz-3IrB-IrG, has been designed and synthesized by introducing the second-generation oligocarbazole dendrons into its periphery. Because of the characteristic encapsulation, the intermolecular interactions could be effectively alleviated to prevent the unwanted triplet-triplet annihilation stemmed from the outer blue Ir complexes. Compared with 3IrB-IrG in the absence of dendrons, the film photoluminescence quantum yield of Cz-3IrB-IrG is greatly increased from 0.46 to 0.82 together with a small blue-shifted emission from 524 to 520 nm. On the basis of Cz-3IrB-IrG as the emitting layer alone, the nondoped device realizes a promising luminous efficiency of 40.9 cd/A (12.0%), much higher than that of 3IrB-IrG (32.6 cd/A, 9.7%). The obtained improvement clearly indicates that further dendronization toward multinuclear Ir complex will provide an alternative strategy to construct highly efficient phosphors used for nondoped phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory
for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern
University of Science and Technology of China (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute
of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University
of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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8
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Davidson R, Hsu YT, Griffiths GC, Li C, Yufit D, Pal R, Beeby A. Highly Linearized Twisted Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14450-14462. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chenfei Li
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9AJ, Scotland
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9
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Li H, Buesen D, Williams R, Henig J, Stapf S, Mukherjee K, Freier E, Lubitz W, Winkler M, Happe T, Plumeré N. Preventing the coffee-ring effect and aggregate sedimentation by in situ gelation of monodisperse materials. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7596-7605. [PMID: 30393519 PMCID: PMC6182772 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drop-casting and inkjet printing are virtually the most versatile and cost-effective methods for depositing active materials on surfaces. However, drawbacks associated with the coffee-ring effect, as well as uncontrolled aggregation of the coating materials, have impeded the use of these methods for applications requiring high control of film properties. We now report on a simple method based on covalent cross-linking of monodisperse materials that enables the formation of thin films with homogeneous thicknesses and macroscale cohesion. The coffee-ring effect is impeded by triggering gelation of the coating materials via a thioacetate-disulfide transition which counterbalances the capillary forces induced by evaporation. Aggregates are prevented by monodisperse building blocks that ensure that the resulting gel resists sedimentation until complete droplet drying. This combined strategy yields an unprecedented level of homogeneity in the resulting film thickness in the 100 nm to 10 μm range. Moreover, macroscale cohesion is preserved as evidenced by the long-range charge transfer within the matrix. We highlight the impact of this method with bioelectrocatalysts for H2 and NADPH oxidation. Peak catalytic performances are reached at about 10-fold lower catalyst loading compared to conventional approaches owing to the high control on film cohesion and thickness homogeneity, thus setting new benchmarks in catalyst utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiguang Li
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) , Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany .
| | - Darren Buesen
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) , Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany .
| | - Rhodri Williams
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) , Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany .
| | - Joerg Henig
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) , Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany .
| | - Stefanie Stapf
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) , Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany .
| | - Kallol Mukherjee
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Erik Freier
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften -ISAS- e.V. , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lubitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion , Stiftstrasse 34-36 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
| | - Martin Winkler
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie der Pflanzen , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Thomas Happe
- Lehrstuhl Biochemie der Pflanzen , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany
| | - Nicolas Plumeré
- Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES) , Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruhr University Bochum , Universitätsstr. 150 , D-44780 Bochum , Germany .
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10
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Wang Y, Bai K, Wang S, Ding J, Wang L. Tetranuclear Iridium Complex with a Self-Host Feature for High-Efficiency Nondoped Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:32365-32372. [PMID: 30179454 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A tetranuclear Ir complex 3IrB-IrG was newly designed and synthesized with one green-emitting complex as the core, whose periphery is encapsulated by three blue-emitting complexes via a nonconjugated linkage. In the case of such a multinuclear system, a self-host feature can be formed, showing negligible electron communication, efficient outside-in energy transfer, and unique shielding effect. When using 3IrB-IrG as the emitting layer in the absence of host, the corresponding nondoped device reveals a state-of-art luminous efficiency of 32.6 cd/A (34.2 lm/W, 9.7%) as well as CIE coordinates of (0.38, 0.58). The performance significantly outperforms that of the bare mononuclear complex IrG (8.4 cd/A, 9.2 lm/W, 2.5%), highlighting the potential of self-host multinuclear complexes to realize high-efficiency nondoped PhOLEDs for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Keyan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , P. R. China
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11
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Shao S, Wang S, Xu X, Yang Y, Lv J, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Realization of high-power-efficiency white electroluminescence from a single polymer by energy-level engineering. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8656-8664. [PMID: 30627389 PMCID: PMC6289170 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Single white light-emitting polymers with a record power efficiency of 52.1 lm W–1 are realized by energy-level engineering of poly(arylene phosphine oxide)-based phosphorescent polymers.
Single white light-emitting polymers (SWPs) represent a high-fidelity system for generating white light emission from polymers without phase separation compared to polymer blend systems. However, their device performance so far has been limited because of the unwanted hole scattering caused by an energy-level mismatch between emitters and hosts, and the large injection barrier at the polymer/anode interface. Here, we report novel poly(arylene phosphine oxide)-based all-phosphorescent SWPs by using the combination of a high-HOMO-level blue phosphor and high-HOMO-level poly(arylene phosphine oxide) host to achieve a low turn-on voltage of 2.8 V, high external quantum efficiency of 18.0% and remarkable power efficiency of 52.1 lm W–1, which makes them the most efficient SWPs so far. This record power efficiency is realized by using the high-HOMO-level blue phosphor to eliminate the hole scattering effect and by using the high-HOMO-level polymer host to reduce the hole injection barrier. This result represents an important progress in SWPs to achieve efficiency surpassing that of the polymer blends currently used for solution-processed white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) and even comparable with that of the small molecules used for vacuum-deposited WOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiushang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ; .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ; .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , P. R. China . ;
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12
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Wang C, Lu Z. Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of 1,4-Dihydropyridines with Olefins via Energy Transfer. Org Lett 2017; 19:5888-5891. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengfeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Kajjam AB, Vaidyanathan S. Structural Mimics of Phenyl Pyridine (ppy) - Substituted, Phosphorescent Cyclometalated Homo and Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes for Organic Light Emitting Diodes - An Overview. CHEM REC 2017; 18:293-349. [PMID: 28929624 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Today organic light emitting diodes are a topic of significant academic and industrial research interest. OLED technology is used in commercially available displays, and efforts have been directed to improve this technology. Design and synthesis of phosphorescent based transition metals are capable of harvesting both singlet and triplet excitons and achieve 100 % internal quantum efficiency is an active area of research. Among all the transition metals, iridium is considered a prime candidate for OLEDs due to its prominent photophysical characteristics. In the present review, we have concentrated on the Iridium based homo and heteroleptic complexes that have dissimilar substitutions on phenylpyridine ligands, different ancillary ligands and the effect of substitution on HOMO/LUMO energies and a brief discussion and correlation on the photophysical, electrochemical and device performances of the different complexes have been reviewed for organic light emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Babu Kajjam
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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14
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Liu B, Dang F, Tian Z, Feng Z, Jin D, Dang W, Yang X, Zhou G, Wu Z. High Triplet Energy Level Achieved by Tuning the Arrangement of Building Blocks in Phosphorescent Polymer Backbones for Furnishing High Electroluminescent Performances in Both Blue and White Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:16360-16374. [PMID: 28441863 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A high triplet energy level (ET) of ca. 2.83 eV has been achieved in a novel polymer backbone through tuning the arrangement of two kinds of building blocks, showing enhanced hole injection/transporting capacity. Based on this new polymer backbone with high ET, both blue and white phosphorescent polymers were successfully developed with a trade-off between high ET and enhanced charge-carrier transporting ability. In addition, their photophysical features, electrochemical behaviors, and electroluminescent (EL) properties have been characterized in detail. Benefitting from the advantages associated with the novel polymer backbone, the blue phosphorescent polymers show top-ranking EL performances with a maximum luminance efficiency (ηL) of 15.22 cd A-1, corresponding to a power efficiency (ηP) of 12.64 lm W-1, and external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 6.22% and the stable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.19, 0.38). Furthermore, blue-orange (B-O) complementary-colored white phosphorescent polymers based on this novel polymer backbone were also obtained showing encouraging EL efficiencies of 12.34 cd A-1, 9.59 lm W-1, and 4.10% in the optimized WOLED together with exceptionally stable CIE coordinates of (Δx = 0.014, Δy = 0.010) in a wide driving voltage range from 4 to 16 V. All of these attractive EL results achieved by these novel phosphorescent polymers show the great potential of this new polymer backbone in developing highly efficient phosphorescent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Feifan Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Deyuan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wanping Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Material, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, ‡State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and §Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
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15
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Knyazev AA, Karyakin ME, Krupin AS, Romanova KA, Galyametdinov YG. Influence of Eu(III) Complexes Structural Anisotropy on Luminescence of Doped Conjugated Polymer Blends. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:6067-6075. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Knyazev
- Physical and Colloid
Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maksim E. Karyakin
- Physical and Colloid
Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S. Krupin
- Physical and Colloid
Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ksenia A. Romanova
- Physical and Colloid
Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
| | - Yuriy G. Galyametdinov
- Physical and Colloid
Chemistry Department, Kazan National Research Technological University, 420015 Kazan, Russia
- Kazan E. K. Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 420029 Kazan, Russia
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16
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Kim YT, Seol JB, Kim YH, Ahn HJ, Park CG. Correlation of Controllable Aggregation with Light-Emitting Property in Polymer Blend Optoelectronic Devices. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1602874. [PMID: 28160401 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201602874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The control of solution-processed emitting layers in organic-based optoelectronic devices enables cost-effective processing and highly efficient properties. However, a solution-based protocol for emitter fabrication is highly complex, and the link between the device performance and internal nanoscale features as well as three associated fabricating parameters (e.g., the employed solvents, annealing temperatures, and molecular concentration) needs to be understood. Here, this study investigates the influence of the solution-processing parameters on the nanostructure-property relationship in light emitters that consist of iridium complexes doped in polymer. The boiling points and evaporation rates of the selected solvents govern the nanomorphology of molecular aggregation in the as-processed state, and the aggregation is either needle-like, spherical, or even a mixture of needles and spheres. Furthermore, a direct observation via in situ heating microscopy indicates that annealing of emitters containing a needle-type aggregation promotes the associated molecular transport, leading to a substantial reduction in the surface roughness. Consequently, a nearly threefold increase in the current efficiency of the device is induced. These findings have important implications for the tuning of the aggregation of iridium complexes for emitters used in the new evolution of high-performance organic-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jae-Bok Seol
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Chan-Gyung Park
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea
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17
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Wang Y, Wang S, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Dendron engineering in self-host blue iridium dendrimers towards low-voltage-driving and power-efficient nondoped electrophosphorescent devices. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:180-183. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low-voltage-driving and power-efficient nondoped electrophosphorescent devices have been realized by increasing the dendron's HOMO energy level to favor effective hole injection and promote exciton formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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18
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Yang X, Feng Z, Zhao J, Dang JS, Liu B, Zhang K, Zhou G. Pyrimidine-Based Mononuclear and Dinuclear Iridium(III) Complexes for High Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:33874-33887. [PMID: 27960415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Containing two nitrogen atoms, the electron-deficient pyrimidine ring has excellent coordinating capability with transition metal ions. However, compared with the widely used pyridine ring, applications of the pyrimidine ring in phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes are rare. In this research, two highly emissive pyrimidine-based mononuclear Ir(III) complexes and their corresponding dinuclear Ir(III) complexes were prepared with a simple one-pot reaction. The incorporation of the second Ir(III) center can lead to dramatic differences of both photophysical and electrochemical properties between the mono- and dinuclear complexes. Besides, these properties can also be fine-tuned with different substituents. Theoretical calculations have also been performed to understand their photophysical behaviors. The electroluminescent investigations demonstrate that the pyrimidine-based mono- and dinuclear Ir(III) complexes could show impressive device performance. The vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on the mononuclear Ir(III) complex exhibited an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.1% with almost no efficiency roll-off even at 10 000 cd m-2. More encouragingly, the solution-processed OLED based on the dinuclear Ir(III) complex achieved the outstanding EQE, current efficiency (CE), and power efficiency (PE) of 17.9%, 52.5 cd A-1, and 51.2 lm W-1, respectively, representing the highest efficiencies ever achieved by OLEDs based on dinuclear Ir(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Shuang Dang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaini Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Institute of Chemistry for New Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Gao B, Wang S, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Self-Host Blue-Emitting Iridium Dendrimer Containing Bipolar Dendrons for Nondoped Electrophosphorescent Devices with Superior High-Brightness Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29600-29607. [PMID: 27734666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel self-host blue-emitting iridium dendrimer, namely, B-CzPO, has been designed and synthesized via a postdendronization route, where a bipolar carbazole/triphenylphosphine oxide hybrid is selected as the peripheral dendron instead of the p-type oligocarbazole used in unipolar analogue B-CzG2. This structural modification can render B-CzPO with more balanced charge transportation relative to that of B-CzG2. As a result of the significantly reduced efficiency roll-off, the nondoped phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) of B-CzPO show a superior high-brightness performance, revealing a luminous efficiency of 21.2, 16.1, and 10.5 cd/A at 1000, 5000, and 10 000 cd/m2, respectively. Compared with that of B-CzG2 (i.e., 7.8 cd/A @5000 cd/m2), more than doubled high-brightness performance is achieved for B-CzPO. The results indicate that the design of self-host phosphorescent dendrimers with a bipolar feature will be a promising strategy to develop efficient nondoped PhOLEDs suitable for high-brightness applications including general illumination and micro displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yaoming Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Baoxiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University , Baoding 071002, PR China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022, PR China
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20
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Ho CL, Wong WY. Luminescent Metal-Containing Polymers for White Light Emission. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:64. [PMID: 27573506 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Han D, Wang X, Zhao L, Pang C, Wang Q, Zhang G. A theoretical investigation on the electronic structures and phosphorescent properties of three heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes with different substituted ancillary groups. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1195928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deming Han
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chunying Pang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qingshuang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
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22
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Luo P, Karsenti PL, Marsan B, Harvey PD. Triplet Energy Transfers in Well-Defined Host–Guest Porphyrin–Carboxylate/Cluster Assemblies. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4410-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | | | - Benoit Marsan
- Département
de chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 2J6, Canada
| | - Pierre D. Harvey
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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23
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Wang Y, Lu Y, Gao B, Wang S, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Single molecular tuning of the charge balance in blue-emitting iridium dendrimers for efficient nondoped solution-processed phosphorescent OLEDs. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11508-11511. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05165k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Charge balance modulation at a single dendritic molecule is demonstrated to be far superior to physical blending due to the elimination of phase segregation, leading to improved EQEs and negligible efficiency roll-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yaoming Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Baoxiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Hebei University
- Baoding 071002
- P. R. China
| | - Shumeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- P. R. China
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24
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25
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Kim YT, Kim YH, Seol JB, Lee TW, Park CG. Temperature-dependent nanomorphology-performance relations in binary iridium complex blend films for organic light emitting diodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [PMID: 26220738 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03436a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism responsible for the temperature-dependent performances of emitting layers is essential for developing advanced phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes. We described the morphological evolution occurring in PVK:Ir(ppy)3 binary blend films, with respect to thermal annealing up to 300 °C, by coupling atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In particular, in situ temperature-dependent experimental characterization was performed to directly determine the overall sequence of morphological evolution occurring in the films. The device thermally annealed at 200 °C exhibits a noticeable enhancement in the performances, compared to the devices in the as-processed state and to the devices annealed at 300 °C. Our approaches reveal that the Ir(ppy)3 molecules, with a needle-like structure in the as-processed state, were aggregated, and thus diffused into PVK without a morphological change at the temperature regime between 150 °C and 200 °C. Moreover, both network-like and droplet patterns existed in the devices annealed at 300 °C, which was beyond the glass temperature of PVK, leading to a profound increase in the surface roughness. The observed pattern formation is discussed in terms of viscoelastic phase separation. Based on our experimental findings, we propose that the performances of the devices are significantly controlled by the diffusion of dopant molecules and the morphological evolution of the host materials in binary blend systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Tae Kim
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea.
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26
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Gonçalves MR, Frin KP. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical and electrochemical properties of fac-tricarbonyl(4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline)rhenium(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Andernach R, Utzat H, Dimitrov SD, McCulloch I, Heeney M, Durrant JR, Bronstein H. Synthesis and Exciton Dynamics of Triplet Sensitized Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Andernach
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
| | - Hendrik Utzat
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stoichko D. Dimitrov
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
- SPERC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
| | - James R. Durrant
- Centre
for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom SW7 2AZ
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London, United Kingdom WC1H 0AJ
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28
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Wang S, Wang X, Yao B, Zhang B, Ding J, Xie Z, Wang L. Solution-Processed Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Ultralow Driving Voltage and Very High Power Efficiency. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26204810 PMCID: PMC4513343 DOI: 10.1038/srep12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To realize power efficient solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (s-PhOLEDs), the corresponding high driving voltage issue should be well solved. To solve it, efforts have been devoted to the exploitation of novel host or interfacial materials. However, the issues of charge trapping of phosphor and/or charge injection barrier are still serious, largely restraining the power efficiency (PE) levels. Herein, with the utilization of an exciplex-forming couple 4, 4′, 4″ -tris[3-methylphenyl(phenyl)amino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA) and 1,3,5-tri(m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene (TmPyPB), the efficient charge injection and transporting, barrier-free hole-electron recombination for the formation of the interfacial exciplex, and elimination of charge traps of phosphors in the emissive layer are realized simultaneously, resulting in a turn-on voltage of 2.36 V, a record high PE of 97.2 lm W−1, as well as extremely low driving voltage of 2.60 V at 100 cd m−2, 3.03 V at 1000 cd m−2 and 4.08 V at 10000 cd m−2. This report is the first time that the PE performance of s-PhOLED approaches 100 lm W−1 high level, even superior to the corresponding state-of-the-art performance of the same color vacuum-deposited PhOLED (v-PhOLED) counterpart. We anticipate this report opens a new avenue for achieving power efficient monochromatic and white s-PhOLEDs with simple structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Wang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China [2] University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingdong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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29
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Kamath A, Devendrappa H. Concentration-dependent ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation of methyl blue-dyed polyethylene oxide films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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31
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Leung FCM, Tam AYY, Au VKM, Li MJ, Yam VWW. Förster resonance energy transfer studies of luminescent gold nanoparticles functionalized with ruthenium(II) and rhenium(I) complexes: modulation via esterase hydrolysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6644-6653. [PMID: 24754668 DOI: 10.1021/am500350c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of ruthenium(II) and rhenium(I) bipyridine complexes functionalized with lipoic acid moieties have been synthesized and characterized. Functionalization of gold nanoparticles with these chromophoric ruthenium(II) and rhenium(I) complexes has resulted in interesting supramolecular assemblies with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) properties that could be modulated via esterase hydrolysis. The luminescence of the metal complex chromophores was turned on upon cleavage of the ester bond linkage by esterase to reduce the efficiency of FRET quenching. The prepared nanoassembly conjugates have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-visible spectroscopy, and emission spectroscopy. The quenching mechanism has also been studied by transient absorption and time-resolved emission decay measurements. The FRET efficiencies were found to vary with the nature of the chromophores and the length of the spacer between the donor (transition metal complexes) and the acceptor (gold nanoparticles).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frankie Chi-Ming Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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32
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Zhang B, Liu L, Xie Z. Recent Advances in Solution-Processed White Organic Light-Emitting Materials and Devices. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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33
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Minaev B, Baryshnikov G, Agren H. Principles of phosphorescent organic light emitting devices. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1719-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53806k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Murawski C, Leo K, Gather MC. Efficiency roll-off in organic light-emitting diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6801-27. [PMID: 24019178 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have attracted much attention in research and industry thanks to their capability to emit light with high efficiency and to deliver high-quality white light that provides good color rendering. OLEDs feature homogeneous large area emission and can be produced on flexible substrates. In terms of efficiency, OLEDs can compete with highly efficient conventional light sources but their efficiency typically decreases at high brightness levels, an effect known as efficiency roll-off. In recent years, much effort has been undertaken to understand the underlying processes and to develop methods that improve the high-brightness performance of OLEDs. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and provide a detailed description of the relevant principles, both for phosphorescent and fluorescent emitter molecules. In particular, we focus on exciton-quenching mechanisms, such as triplet-triplet annihilation, quenching by polarons, or field-induced quenching, but also discuss mechanisms such as changes in charge carrier balance. We further review methods that may reduce the roll-off and thus enable OLEDs to be used in high-brightness applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Murawski
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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35
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Xia D, Wang B, Chen B, Wang S, Zhang B, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Self-Host Blue-Emitting Iridium Dendrimer with Carbazole Dendrons: Nondoped Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Xia D, Wang B, Chen B, Wang S, Zhang B, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Self-Host Blue-Emitting Iridium Dendrimer with Carbazole Dendrons: Nondoped Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 53:1048-52. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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37
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Takayasu S, Suzuki T, Shinozaki K. Intermolecular Interactions and Aggregation of fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N)iridium(III) in Nonpolar Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9449-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403974h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takayasu
- Department of Nanosystem Science,
Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Okayama University, 3-3-1 Tsushima-naka,
Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Shinozaki
- Department of Nanosystem Science,
Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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38
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Park JH, Koh TW, Chung J, Park SH, Eo M, Do Y, Yoo S, Lee MH. Polynorbornene Copolymer with Side-Chain Iridium(III) Emitters and Carbazole Hosts: A Single Emissive Layer Material for Highly Efficient Electrophosphorescent Devices. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302342p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ha Park
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305−701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Koh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305−701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305−701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680−749, Republic
of Korea
| | - Maengsun Eo
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305−701, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyu Do
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 305−701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyup Yoo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305−701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680−749, Republic
of Korea
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39
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Shao S, Ding J, Wang L, Jing X, Wang F. Highly Efficient Blue Electrophosphorescent Polymers with Fluorinated Poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide) as Backbone. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:15189-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ja305634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R.
China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R.
China
| | - Junqiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R.
China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R.
China
| | - Xiabin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R.
China
| | - Fosong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R.
China
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40
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Li MJ, Wong KMC, Yi C, Yam VWW. New Ruthenium(II) Complexes Functionalized with Coumarin Derivatives: Synthesis, Energy-Transfer-Based Sensing of Esterase, Cytotoxicity, and Imaging Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:8724-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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41
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Zhang B, Tan G, Lam CS, Yao B, Ho CL, Liu L, Xie Z, Wong WY, Ding J, Wang L. High-efficiency single emissive layer white organic light-emitting diodes based on solution-processed dendritic host and new orange-emitting iridium complex. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:1873-7. [PMID: 22410940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201104758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
An extremely high-efficiency solution-processed white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED) is successfully developed by simultaneously using an ideal dendritic host material and a novel efficient orange phosphorescent iridium complex. The optimized device exhibits forward-viewing efficiencies of 70.6 cd A(-1) , 26.0%, and 47.6 lm W(-1) at a luminance of 100 cd m(-2) , respectively, promising the low-cost solution-processed WOLEDs a bright future as the next generation of illumination sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
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42
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Lin CH, Hsu CW, Liao JL, Cheng YM, Chi Y, Lin TY, Chung MW, Chou PT, Lee GH, Chang CH, Shih CY, Ho CL. Phosphorescent OLEDs assembled using Os(ii) phosphors and a bipolar host material consisting of both carbazole and dibenzophosphole oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm16674g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Shih HM, Wu RC, Shih PI, Wang CL, Hsu CS. Synthesis of fluorene-based hyperbranched polymers for solution-processable blue, green, red, and white light-emitting devices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Cai M, Xiao T, Hellerich E, Chen Y, Shinar R, Shinar J. High-efficiency solution-processed small molecule electrophosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:3590-3596. [PMID: 21728190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201101154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cai
- Ames Laboratory-USDOE, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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45
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Li X, Minaev B, Ågren H, Tian H. Theoretical Study of Phosphorescence of Iridium Complexes with Fluorine-Substituted Phenylpyridine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Jou JH, Wang WB, Shen SM, Kumar S, Lai IM, Shyue JJ, Lengvinaite S, Zostautiene R, Grazulevicius JV, Grigalevicius S, Chen SZ, Wu CC. Highly efficient blue organic light-emitting diode with an oligomeric host having high triplet-energy and high electron mobility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm10609k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Yang J, Ye T, Zhang Q, Ma D. “Click” Synthesis of a Bipolar Dendrimer as a Host Material for Electrophosphorescent Devices. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Tsujimoto H, Yagi S, Asuka H, Inui Y, Ikawa S, Maeda T, Nakazumi H, Sakurai Y. Pure red electrophosphorescence from polymer light-emitting diodes doped with highly emissive bis-cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes. J Organomet Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Senge MO, Richter J, Bischoff I, Ryan A. Highly substituted 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrins with meso aryl residues. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Ozel IO, Ozel T, Demir HV, Tuncel D. Non-radiative resonance energy transfer in bi-polymer nanoparticles of fluorescent conjugated polymers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:670-84. [PMID: 20173887 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the comparative studies of non-radiative resonance energy transfer in bi-polymer nanoparticles based on fluorescent conjugated polymers. For this purpose, poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PF) as a donor (D) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) as an acceptor (A) have been utilized, from which four different bi-polymer nanoparticle systems are designed and synthesized. Both, steady-state fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence measurements indicate varying energy transfer efficiencies from the host polymer PF to the acceptor polymer MEH-PPV depending on the D-A distances and structural properties of the nanoparticles. The first approach involves the preparation of PF and MEH-PPV nanoparticles separately and mixing them at a certain ratio. In the second approach, first PF and MEH-PPV solutions are mixed prior to nanoparticle formation and then nanoparticles are prepared from the mixture. Third and fourth approaches involve the sequential nanoparticle preparation. In the former, nanoparticles are prepared to have PF as a core and MEH-PPV as a shell. The latter is the reverse of the third in which the core is MEH-PPV and the shell is PF. The highest energy transfer efficiency recorded to be 35% is obtained from the last system, in which a PF layer is sequentially formed on MEH-PPV NPs.
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