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Wang K, Chen X, Xu J, Peng S, Wu D, Xia J. Recent Advance in the Development of Singlet-Fission-Capable Polymeric Materials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300241. [PMID: 37548255 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which a higher-energy singlet exciton is converted into two lower-energy triplet excitons via a triplet pair intermediate state. Implementing SF in photovoltaic devices holds the potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit of conventional single-junction solar cells. Although great progress has been made in exploiting the underlying mechanism of SF over the past decades, the scope of materials capable of SF, particularly polymeric materials, remains poor. SF-capable polymer is one of the most potential candidates in the implementation of SF into devices due to their distinct superiorities in flexibility, solution processability and self-assembly behavior. Notably, recent advancements have demonstrated high-performance SF in isolated donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymer chains. This review provides an overview of recent progress in the development of SF-capable polymeric materials, with a significant focus on elucidating the mechanisms of SF in polymers and optimizing the design strategies for SF-capable polymers. Additionally, the paper discusses the challenges encountered in this field and presents future perspectives. It is expected that this comprehensive review will offer valuable insights into the design of novel SF-capable polymeric materials, further advancing the potential for SF implementation in photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingyu Chen
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shaoqian Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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2
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Wang T, Zhang BY, Zhang HL. Singlet Fission Materials for Photovoltaics: from Small Molecules to Macromolecules. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200326. [PMID: 35703581 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a spin-allowed process in which a singlet state splits into two triplet states. Materials that enable SF have attracted great attention in the last decade, mainly stemming from the potential of overcoming the Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit in photoenergy conversion. In the past decade, a large number of new molecules exhibiting SF have been explored and many devices based on SF materials have been studied, though the mechanistic understanding is still obscure. This review focuses on the recent developments of SF materials, including small molecules, oligomers and polymers. The molecular design strategies and related mechanisms of SF are discussed. Then the dynamics of charge transfer and energy transfer between SF materials and other materials are introduced. Further, we discuss the progresses of implementing SF in photovoltaics. It is hoped that a comprehensive understanding to the SF materials, devices and mechanism may pave a new way for the design of next generation photovoltaics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,Prof. H. L. Zhang, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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3
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Jiang Y, Liu YY, Liu X, Lin H, Gao K, Lai WY, Huang W. Organic solid-state lasers: a materials view and future development. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5885-5944. [PMID: 32672260 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00037j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lasing applications have spread over various aspects of human life. To meet the developing trends of the laser industry towards being miniature, portable, and highly integrated, new laser technologies are in urgent demand. Organic semiconductors are promising gain medium candidates for novel laser devices, due to their convenient processing techniques, ease of spectral and chemical tuning, low refractive indexes, mechanical flexibilities, and low thresholds, etc. organic solid-state lasers (OSSLs) open up a new horizon of simple, low-cost, time-saving, versatile and environmental-friendly manufacturing technologies for new and desirable laser structures (micro-, asymmetric, flexible, etc.) to unleash the full potential of semiconductor lasers for future electronics. Besides the development of optical feedback structures, the design and synthesis of robust organic gain media is critical as a vigorous aspect of OSSLs. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advances in organic gain materials, mainly focused on organic semiconductors for OSSLs. The significant breakthroughs toward electrical pumping of OSSLs are emphasized. Opportunities, challenges and future research directions for the design of organic gain media are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Kun Gao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. and Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. and Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
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4
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Penkov SA. Magnetic Field-Effect on Photoluminescence of Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) Nanoparticles in a Poly[vinyl butyral] Matrix. J MACROMOL SCI B 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2020.1728897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Penkov
- Centre of Laser and Information Biophysics, Orenburg State University, Orenburg, Russian Federation
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5
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Yuan P, Guo X, Qiao X, Ma D. Correlated magnetic field effects on carriers and excitons in single-carrier exciplex-based organic photodiodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26413-26419. [PMID: 31774087 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05178c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field effects in nonmagnetic organic semiconductors (OMFEs) are attracting increasing attention because of the fingerprint characteristics of their line shapes when they are used to analyze the dynamic processes of organic photodiodes. However, the origin and correlation of OMFEs on carriers and excitons are currently still major challenges for researchers. In this study, we strategically designed exciplex-based single-carrier devices to effectively separate carriers and excitons and investigate their OMFEs and relationships. It is found that the obvious positive magneto-conductance (MC) with illumination is not only related to the formation of charge transfer state (CT) excitons, but is also caused by the secondary recombination process between dissociated carriers from the photo-generated excitons and the injected carriers. Moreover, a negative MC appears under dark conditions, reflecting the intrinsic magnetic field effects on carrier transport. The relationships of the OMFEs with the excitons and carriers were further studied by measuring the incident-wavelength dependent photo-induced MC and the magneto-photoluminescence (MPL) of the exciplex films. The two films show similar amplitude-dependent curves, which are contributed by their donor-acceptor absorption properties. Moreover, the strong triplet-polaron annihilation (TPA) processes exhibited in this device afford different amplitude-dependent photo-induced MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Yuan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
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Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Expanded Theory of H- and J-Molecular Aggregates: The Effects of Vibronic Coupling and Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7069-7163. [PMID: 29664617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic excited states of molecular aggregates and their photophysical signatures have long fascinated spectroscopists and theoreticians alike since the advent of Frenkel exciton theory almost 90 years ago. The influence of molecular packing on basic optical probes like absorption and photoluminescence was originally worked out by Kasha for aggregates dominated by Coulombic intermolecular interactions, eventually leading to the classification of J- and H-aggregates. This review outlines advances made in understanding the relationship between aggregate structure and photophysics when vibronic coupling and intermolecular charge transfer are incorporated. An assortment of packing geometries is considered from the humble molecular dimer to more exotic structures including linear and bent aggregates, two-dimensional herringbone and "HJ" aggregates, and chiral aggregates. The interplay between long-range Coulomb coupling and short-range charge-transfer-mediated coupling strongly depends on the aggregate architecture leading to a wide array of photophysical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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7
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Peteanu LA, Chowdhury S, Wildeman J, Sfeir MY. Exciton–Exciton Annihilation as a Probe of Interchain Interactions in PPV–Oligomer Aggregates. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1707-1714. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b11250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda A. Peteanu
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sanchari Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jurjen Wildeman
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Y. Sfeir
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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8
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9
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Tamai Y, Ohkita H, Benten H, Ito S. Exciton Diffusion in Conjugated Polymers: From Fundamental Understanding to Improvement in Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3417-28. [PMID: 26269208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton diffusion plays a central role in the photovoltaic conversion in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Upon light absorption, singlet excitons are promptly generated in organic materials instead of charge carriers because the dielectric constant (εr) is small (∼3-4), which is in sharp contrast to inorganic and perovskite solar cells. In order to convert to charge carriers, excitons need to diffuse into an interface between electron donor and acceptor materials before deactivating to the ground state. Therefore, fundamental understanding of exciton diffusion dynamics is one of the most important issues to further improve OPVs. We highlight recent leading studies in this field and describe several approaches for efficient exciton harvesting at the interface in OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Tamai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Benten
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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10
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Legaspi CM, Peteanu LA, Yaron DJ. Modeling Field-Induced Quenching in Poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers and Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7625-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511544c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Legaspi
- Carnegie Mellon University, 4400
Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Linda A. Peteanu
- Carnegie Mellon University, 4400
Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David J. Yaron
- Carnegie Mellon University, 4400
Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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11
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Agnihotri N. Computational studies of charge transfer in organic solar photovoltaic cells: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Eaton SW, Shoer LE, Karlen SD, Dyar SM, Margulies EA, Veldkamp BS, Ramanan C, Hartzler DA, Savikhin S, Marks TJ, Wasielewski MR. Singlet exciton fission in polycrystalline thin films of a slip-stacked perylenediimide. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14701-12. [PMID: 24011336 DOI: 10.1021/ja4053174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structure of N,N-bis(n-octyl)-2,5,8,11-tetraphenylperylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide), 1, obtained by X-ray diffraction reveals that 1 has a nearly planar perylene core and π-π stacks at a 3.5 Å interplanar distance in well-separated slip-stacked columns. Theory predicts that slip-stacked, π-π-stacked structures should enhance interchromophore electronic coupling and thus favor singlet exciton fission. Photoexcitation of vapor-deposited polycrystalline 188 nm thick films of 1 results in a 140 ± 20% yield of triplet excitons ((3*)1) in τ(SF) = 180 ± 10 ps. These results illustrate a design strategy for producing perylenediimide and related rylene derivatives that have the optimized interchromophore electronic interactions which promote high-yield singlet exciton fission for potentially enhancing organic solar cell performance and charge separation in systems for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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13
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Kobayashi T, Yamashita M, Du J, Zhang J, Iwakura I. Vibrational and electronic relaxation in MEH-PPV using few cycle pulses. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Effect of trans
- and cis
-isomeric defects on the localization of the charged excitations in π-conjugated organic polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Nayyar IH, Batista ER, Tretiak S, Saxena A, Smith DL, Martin RL. Role of Geometric Distortion and Polarization in Localizing Electronic Excitations in Conjugated Polymers. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:1144-54. [DOI: 10.1021/ct300837d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iffat H. Nayyar
- Theoretical
Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico 87545, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center and ∥Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32826, United States
| | - Enrique R. Batista
- Theoretical
Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico 87545, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center and ∥Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32826, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico 87545, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center and ∥Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32826, United States
| | - Avadh Saxena
- Theoretical
Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico 87545, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center and ∥Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32826, United States
| | - Darryl L. Smith
- Theoretical
Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico 87545, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center and ∥Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32826, United States
| | - Richard L. Martin
- Theoretical
Division and Center for Nonlinear Studies and ‡Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New
Mexico 87545, United States
- NanoScience Technology Center and ∥Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando,
Florida 32826, United States
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Morozov PV, Grigor’ev EI, Zav’yalov SA, Klimenko VG, Chvalun SN. Structure and properties of p-phenylenevinylene-p-xylylene copolymers prepared by vapor-deposition polymerization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x12050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ramanan C, Smeigh AL, Anthony JE, Marks TJ, Wasielewski MR. Competition between singlet fission and charge separation in solution-processed blend films of 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene with sterically-encumbered perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide)s. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 134:386-97. [PMID: 22111926 DOI: 10.1021/ja2080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics and morphology of thin films of N,N-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (1) and the 1,7-diphenyl (2) and 1,7-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) (3) derivatives blended with 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-Pn) were studied for their potential use as photoactive layers in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Increasing the steric bulk of the 1,7-substituents of the perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) impedes aggregation in the solid state. Film characterization data using both atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that decreasing the PDI aggregation by increasing the steric bulk in the order 1 < 2 < 3 correlates with a decrease in the density/size of crystalline TIPS-Pn domains. Transient absorption spectroscopy was performed on ~100 nm solution-processed TIPS-Pn:PDI blend films to characterize the charge separation dynamics. These results showed that selective excitation of the TIPS-Pn results in competition between ultrafast singlet fission ((1*)TIPS-Pn + TIPS-Pn → 2 (3*)TIPS-Pn) and charge transfer from (1*)TIPS-Pn to PDIs 1-3. As the blend films become more homogeneous across the series TIPS-Pn:PDI 1 → 2 → 3, charge separation becomes competitive with singlet fission. Ultrafast charge separation forms the geminate radical ion pair state (1)(TIPS-Pn(+•)-PDI(-•)) that undergoes radical pair intersystem crossing to form (3)(TIPS-Pn(+•)-PDI(-•)), which then undergoes charge recombination to yield either (3*)PDI or (3*)TIPS-Pn. Energy transfer from (3*)PDI to TIPS-Pn also yields (3*)TIPS-Pn. These results show that multiple pathways produce the (3*)TIPS-Pn state, so that OPV design strategies based on this system must utilize this triplet state for charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charusheela Ramanan
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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18
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent B Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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20
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Wang C, Tauber MJ. High-Yield Singlet Fission in a Zeaxanthin Aggregate Observed by Picosecond Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13988-91. [DOI: 10.1021/ja102851m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0314, La Jolla, California 92093-0314
| | - Michael J. Tauber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0314, La Jolla, California 92093-0314
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21
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Zang H, Xu Z, Hu B. Magneto-optical investigations on the formation and dissociation of intermolecular charge-transfer complexes at donor-acceptor interfaces in bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:5704-9. [PMID: 20392090 DOI: 10.1021/jp100241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The electron-hole pairs can be formed in intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) states between two adjacent molecules due to Coulomb interaction in organic semiconducting materials. In general, the exciton dissociation can experience the intermediate states: intermolecular CT states at the donor-acceptor interfaces to generate a photocurrent in organic solar cells. This article reports the magneto-optical studies on intermolecular CT states in the generation of photocurrent by using magnetic field effects of photocurrent (MFE(PC)) and light-assisted dielectric response (LADR). The MFE(PC) and LADR studies reveal that internal electrical drifting and local Coulomb interaction can largely change the formation and dissociation of CT states by changing internal charge-transport channels and local Coulomb interaction through morphological development upon thermal annealing. Therefore, the MFE(PC) and LADR can be used as effective magneto-optical tools to investigate charge recombination, separation, and transport in organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidong Zang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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22
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Morozov PV, Grigor’ev EI, Zav’yalov SA, Klimenko VG, Shmakova NA, Chvalun SN. Structure and optical characteristics of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) prepared by vapor deposition polymerization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s156009041003005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Greyson EC, Vura-Weis J, Michl J, Ratner MA. Maximizing Singlet Fission in Organic Dimers: Theoretical Investigation of Triplet Yield in the Regime of Localized Excitation and Fast Coherent Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14168-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp907392q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Greyson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Michl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, and Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey M Clarke
- Centre for Plastic Electronics, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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25
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Singlet exciton fission for solar cell applications: energy aspects of interchromophore coupling. J Phys Chem B 2009; 114:14223-32. [PMID: 20025238 DOI: 10.1021/jp909002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission, a process that converts one singlet exciton to a pair of triplet excitons, has the potential to enhance the efficiency of both bulk heterojunction and dye-sensitized solar cells and is understood in crystals but not well understood in molecules. Previous studies have identified promising building blocks for singlet fission in molecular systems, but little work has investigated how these individual chromophores should be combined to maximize triplet yield. We consider the effects of chemically connecting two chromophores to create a coupled chromophore pair and compute how various structural choices alter the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters likely to control singlet fission yield. We use density functional theory to compute the electron transfer matrix element and the thermodynamics of fission for several promising chromophore pairs and find a trade-off between the desire to maximize this element and the desire to keep the singlet fission process exoergic. We identify promising molecular systems for singlet fission and suggest future experiments.
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Guo J, Ohkita H, Benten H, Ito S. Near-IR Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Ultrafast Polaron and Triplet Exciton Formation in Polythiophene Films with Different Regioregularities. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16869-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja906621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamo Guo
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Benten
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shinzaburo Ito
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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Bakulin AA, Martyanov DS, Paraschuk DY, Pshenichnikov MS, van Loosdrecht PHM. Ultrafast Charge Photogeneration Dynamics in Ground-State Charge-Transfer Complexes Based on Conjugated Polymers. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:13730-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8048839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artem A. Bakulin
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S. Martyanov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Pshenichnikov
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Paul H. M. van Loosdrecht
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, and Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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28
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Vijila C, Westerling M, Aarnio H, Österbacka R, Chun H, Zhikuan C, Xinhai Z, Furong Z, Jin CS. Nature and dynamics of photoexcited states in an electroluminescent poly(phenylene vinylene-co-fluorenylene vinylene)-based π-conjugated polymer. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Abstract
We predict properties of triplet excited states in single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT). We show that the lowest triplet state energy in CNTs to be about 0.2-0.3 eV lower than the lowest singlet state energies. Like in pi-conjugated polymers, the lowest CNT triplets are spatially localized. These states show strong optical absorption at about 0.5-0.6 eV to the higher lying delocalized triplet states. These results demonstrate striking similarity of the electronic features between CNTs and pi-conjugated polymers and provide explicit guidelines for spectroscopic detection of CNT triplet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- I D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre and Ultrafast Photonics Collaboration, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
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31
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Paci I, Johnson JC, Chen X, Rana G, Popović D, David DE, Nozik AJ, Ratner MA, Michl J. Singlet Fission for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Can a Suitable Sensitizer Be Found? J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:16546-53. [PMID: 17177404 DOI: 10.1021/ja063980h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We discuss possible improvements in the efficiency of dye-sensitized photovoltaic cells using dyes capable of singlet fission into two triplets, thus producing two electron-hole pairs from a single photon. It is pointed out that, in addition to derivatives of large alternant hydrocarbons, those of biradicals are also likely candidates for a favorable ordering of excited-state energy levels, E(T2), E(S1) > 2E(T1). A large number of potentially favorable structures has been examined by the semiempirical Pariser-Parr-Pople method and some also by the time-dependent density functional theory method. Several likely candidates have been identified for experimental examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Paci
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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Abstract
Recent experimental and theoretical investigations of excitons in conjugated oligomer nanoaggregates, thin films, and crystals are reviewed. The review focuses on the technologically important unsubstituted oligo-phenylene vinylenes (OPVn) and oligo-thiophenes (OTn), which exhibit side-by-side herringbone crystal packing. Many of the salient photophysical properties displayed by OPVn and OTn solid phases, including the large Davydov splitting, the rich variety of peaks due to vibronic coupling in both absorption and emission, and the unusual behavior of the emission origin, are accounted for in a model including excitonic coupling between molecules, linear exciton-phonon coupling, and disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.
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Smith TM, Hazelton N, Peteanu LA, Wildeman J. Electrofluorescence of MEH-PPV and Its Oligomers: Evidence for Field-Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Single Chains. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:7732-42. [PMID: 16610868 DOI: 10.1021/jp054264p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electrofluorescence (Stark) spectroscopy has been used to measure the trace of the change in polarizability (trDeltaalpha) and the absolute value of the change in dipole moment (|Deltamu|) of the electroluminescent polymer poly[2-methoxy,5-(2'-ethyl-hexoxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and several model oligomers in solvent glass matrixes. From electrofluorescence, the measured values of trDeltaalpha increase from 500 +/- 60 A(3) in OPPV-5 to 2000 +/- 200 A(3) in MEH-PPV. The good agreement found between these values and those measured by electroabsorption suggests the electronic properties do not differ strongly between absorption and emission, in contrast to earlier predictions. Evidence of electric-field-induced fluorescence quenching of MEH-PPV in dilute solvent glasses was found. When normalized to the square of the applied electric field, the magnitude of quench is comparable to that reported in the literature for thin films of MEH-PPV. In addition, fluorescence quenching was also observed in the oligomers with a magnitude that increases with increasing chain length. By using the values of trDeltaalpha measured by electrofluorescence, a model is developed to qualitatively explain the chain length dependence to the fluorescence quench observed in the oligomers as a function of exciton delocalization along the oligomer backbone. Various explanations for the origin of this quenching behavior and its chain length dependence are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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35
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Lifshitz E, Fradkin L, Glozman A, Langof L. OPTICALLY DETECTED MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF COLLOIDAL SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2004; 55:509-57. [PMID: 15117261 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.55.091602.094359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The review describes the studies of the magneto-optical properties of II-VI and III-V semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) capped with organic or inorganic epitaxial shells. The investigations focused on the chemical identification of localization sites (core, shell, or interface) of photogenerated carriers in spherical NCs and elucidated the influence of the surface/interface quality on the optical properties of the materials. Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy was used for the study of the proposed physical properties. The ODMR method provides the means to identify the surface/interface sites and correlate them with specific optical transition. In addition, this method reveals information about the spin multiplicity of band edge and trapped states and the electron-hole exchange interaction, determines the spectroscopic g-factors, distinguishes between the radiative and nonradiative characteristic of a trapping site, and evaluates the spin-lattice relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lifshitz
- Department of Chemistry and Solid State Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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