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Chirvi K, Biegert J. Laser-induced electron diffraction: Imaging of a single gas-phase molecular structure with one of its own electrons. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:041301. [PMID: 39221452 PMCID: PMC11365610 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Among the many methods to image molecular structure, laser-induced electron diffraction (LIED) can image a single gas-phase molecule by locating all of a molecule's atoms in space and time. The method is based on attosecond electron recollision driven by a laser field and can reach attosecond temporal resolution. Implementation with a mid-IR laser and cold-target recoil ion-momentum spectroscopy, single molecules are measured with picometer resolution due to the keV electron impact energy without ensemble averaging or the need for molecular orientation. Nowadays, the method has evolved to detect single complex and chiral molecular structures in 3D. The review will touch on the various methods to discuss the implementations of LIED toward single-molecule imaging and complement the discussions with noteworthy experimental findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Chirvi
- ICFO—Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - J. Biegert
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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2
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Steenbakkers K, van Boxtel T, Groenenboom GC, Asvany O, Redlich B, Schlemmer S, Brünken S. Leak-out spectroscopy as alternative method to rare-gas tagging for the Renner-Teller perturbed HCCH + and DCCD + ions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2692-2703. [PMID: 38175663 PMCID: PMC10793980 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Infrared messenger-tagging predissociation action spectroscopy (IRPD) is a well-established technique to record vibrational spectra of reactive molecular ions. One of its major drawbacks is that the spectrum of the messenger-ion complex is taken instead of that of the bare ion. In particular for small open-shell species, such as the Renner-Teller (RT) affected HCCH+ and DCCD+, the attachment of the tag may have a significant impact on the spectral features. Here we present the application of the novel leak-out spectroscopy (LOS) as a tag-free method to record the cis-bending of the HCCH+ (∼700 cm-1) and DCCD+ cations (∼520 cm-1), using a cryogenic ion trap end user station at the FELIX laboratory. We demonstrate that the obtained LOS spectrum is equivalent to a previously recorded laser-induced reactions (LIR) spectrum of HCCH+. The bending modes are the energetically lowest-lying vibrational modes targeted with LOS so far, showing its potential as a universal broadband spectroscopic technique. Furthermore, we have investigated the effect of the rare gas attachment by recording the vibrational spectra of Ne- and Ar-tagged HCCH+. We found that the Ne-attachment led to a shift in band positions and change in relative intensities, while the Ar-attachment even led to a complete quenching of the RT splitting, showing the importance of using a tag-free method for RT affected systems. The results are interpreted with the help of high-level ab initio calculations in combination with an effective Hamiltonian approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Steenbakkers
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom van Boxtel
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit C Groenenboom
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Oskar Asvany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Britta Redlich
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Sandra Brünken
- Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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3
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Erukala S, Feinberg A, Singh A, Vilesov AF. Infrared spectroscopy of carbocations upon electron ionization of ethylene in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084306. [PMID: 34470362 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron impact ionization of helium droplets doped with ethylene molecules and clusters yields diverse CXHY + cations embedded in the droplets. The ionization primarily produces C2H2 +, C2H3 +, C2H4 +, and CH2 +, whereas larger carbocations are produced upon the reactions of the primary ions with ethylene molecules. The vibrational excitation of the cations leads to the release of bare cations and cations with a few helium atoms attached. The laser excitation spectra of the embedded cations show well resolved vibrational bands with a few wavenumber widths-an order of magnitude less than those previously obtained in solid matrices or molecular beams by tagging techniques. Comparison with the previous studies of free and tagged CH2 +, CH3 +, C2H2 +, C2H3 +, and C2H4 + cations shows that the helium matrix typically introduces a shift in the vibrational frequencies of less than about 20 cm-1, enabling direct comparisons with the results of quantum chemical calculations for structure determination. This work demonstrates a facile technique for the production and spectroscopic study of diverse carbocations, which act as important intermediates in gas and condensed phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Erukala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
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4
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Spectroscopic identification of fragment ions of DNA/RNA building blocks: the case of pyrimidine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17275-17290. [PMID: 32685941 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimidine (Pym, 1,3-diazine, 1,3-diazabenzene) is an important N-heterocyclic building block of nucleobases. Understanding the structures of its fragment and precursor ions provides insight into its prebiotic and abiotic synthetic route. The long-standing controversial debate about the structures of the primary fragment ions of the Pym+ cation (C4H4N2+, m/z 80) resulting from loss of HCN, C3H3N+ (m/z 53), is closed herein with the aid of a combined approach utilizing infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in the CH and NH stretch ranges (νCH/NH) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. IRPD spectra of cold Ar/N2-tagged fragment ions reveal that the C3H3N+ population is dominated by cis-/trans-HCCHNCH+ ions (∼90%) along with a minor contribution of the most stable H2CCCNH+ and cis-/trans-HCCHCNH+ isomers (∼10%). We also spectroscopically confirm that the secondary fragment resulting from further loss of HCN, C2H2+ (m/z 26), is the acetylene cation (HCCH+). The spectroscopic characterization of the identified C3H3N+ isomers and their hydrogen-bonded dimers with Ar and N2 provides insight into the acidity of their CH and NH groups. Finally, the vibrational properties of Pym+ in the 3 μm range are probed by IRPD of Pym+-(N2)1-2 clusters, which shows a high π-binding affinity of Pym+ toward a nonpolar hydrophobic ligand. Its νCH spectrum confirms the different acidity of the three nonequivalent CH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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5
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George MAR, Truong NX, Savoca M, Dopfer O. IR Spectrum and Structure of Protonated Monosilanol: Dative Bonding between Water and the Silylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2919-2923. [PMID: 29341408 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report the spectroscopic characterization of protonated monosilanol (SiH3 OH2+ ) isolated in the gas phase, thus providing the first experimental determination of the structure and bonding of a member of the elusive silanol family. The SiH3 OH2+ ion is generated in a silane/water plasma expansion, and its structure is derived from the IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectrum of its Ar cluster measured in a tandem mass spectrometer. The chemical bonding in SiH3 OH2+ is analyzed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, providing detailed insight into the nature of the dative H3 Si+ -OH2 bond. Comparison with protonated methanol illustrates the differences in bonding between carbon and silicon, which are mainly related to their different electronegativity and the different energy of the vacant valence pz orbital of SiH3+ and CH3+ .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Xuan Truong
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Savoca
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
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6
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George MAR, Truong NX, Savoca M, Dopfer O. IR Spectrum and Structure of Protonated Monosilanol: Dative Bonding between Water and the Silylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nguyen Xuan Truong
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Marco Savoca
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik; Technische Universität Berlin; Hardenbergstr. 36 10623 Berlin Germany
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7
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Mauney DT, Mosley JD, Madison LR, McCoy AB, Duncan MA. Infrared spectroscopy and theory of the formaldehyde cation and its hydroxymethylene isomer. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Mauney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - J. D. Mosley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - L. R. Madison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A. B. McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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8
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Influence of orbital symmetry on diffraction imaging with rescattering electron wave packets. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11922. [PMID: 27329236 PMCID: PMC4917885 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to directly follow and time-resolve the rearrangement of the nuclei within molecules is a frontier of science that requires atomic spatial and few-femtosecond temporal resolutions. While laser-induced electron diffraction can meet these requirements, it was recently concluded that molecules with particular orbital symmetries (such as πg) cannot be imaged using purely backscattering electron wave packets without molecular alignment. Here, we demonstrate, in direct contradiction to these findings, that the orientation and shape of molecular orbitals presents no impediment for retrieving molecular structure with adequate sampling of the momentum transfer space. We overcome previous issues by showcasing retrieval of the structure of randomly oriented O2 and C2H2 molecules, with πg and πu symmetries, respectively, and where their ionization probabilities do not maximize along their molecular axes. While this removes a serious bottleneck for laser-induced diffraction imaging, we find unexpectedly strong backscattering contributions from low-Z atoms.
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9
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Pullen MG, Wolter B, Le AT, Baudisch M, Hemmer M, Senftleben A, Schröter CD, Ullrich J, Moshammer R, Lin CD, Biegert J. Imaging an aligned polyatomic molecule with laser-induced electron diffraction. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7262. [PMID: 26105804 PMCID: PMC4491169 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Laser-induced electron diffraction is an evolving tabletop method that aims to image ultrafast structural changes in gas-phase polyatomic molecules with sub-Ångström spatial and femtosecond temporal resolutions. Here we demonstrate the retrieval of multiple bond lengths from a polyatomic molecule by simultaneously measuring the C–C and C–H bond lengths in aligned acetylene. Our approach takes the method beyond the hitherto achieved imaging of simple diatomic molecules and is based on the combination of a 160 kHz mid-infrared few-cycle laser source with full three-dimensional electron–ion coincidence detection. Our technique provides an accessible and robust route towards imaging ultrafast processes in complex gas-phase molecules with atto- to femto-second temporal resolution. Laser-induced electron diffraction can provide structural information on gas-phase molecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. Going beyond previous diatomic cases, Pullen et al. apply this approach to acetylene and show that it can be used to measure bond lengths for polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Pullen
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Benjamin Wolter
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Anh-Thu Le
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
| | - Matthias Baudisch
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Michaël Hemmer
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Arne Senftleben
- Universität Kassel, Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Ullrich
- 1] Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany [2] Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, Braunschweig 38116, Germany
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - C D Lin
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2604, USA
| | - Jens Biegert
- 1] ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, 1919 Lomas Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA [3] ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona 08010, Spain
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10
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Galinis G, Mendoza Luna LG, Watkins MJ, Ellis AM, Minns RS, Mladenović M, Lewerenz M, Chapman RT, Turcu ICE, Cacho C, Springate E, Kazak L, Göde S, Irsig R, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Rouzée A, Underwood JG, Siano M, von Haeften K. Formation of coherent rotational wavepackets in small molecule-helium clusters using impulsive alignment. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:195-218. [PMID: 25415646 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that rotational line spectra of molecular clusters with near zero permanent dipole moments can be observed using impulsive alignment. Aligned rotational wavepackets were generated by non-resonant interaction with intense femtosecond laser pump pulses and then probed using Coulomb explosion by a second, time-delayed femtosecond laser pulse. By means of a Fourier transform a rich spectrum of rotational eigenstates was derived. For the smallest cluster, C(2)H(2)-He, we were able to establish essentially all rotational eigenstates up to the dissociation threshold on the basis of theoretical level predictions. The C(2)H(2)-He complex is found to exhibit distinct features of large amplitude motion and very early onset of free internal rotor energy level structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Galinis
- University of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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11
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Mladenović M, Lewerenz M. Ab initio prediction of the rovibrational levels of the He–CO+ ionic complex. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.783722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Mladenović
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Université Paris-Est , Marne la Vallée, France
| | - Marius Lewerenz
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, Université Paris-Est , Marne la Vallée, France
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12
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Kočišek J, Lengyel J, Fárník M. Ionization of large homogeneous and heterogeneous clusters generated in acetylene–Ar expansions: Cluster ion polymerization. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:124306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4796262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Savoca M, George MAR, Langer J, Dopfer O. Infrared spectrum of the disilane cation (Si2H6+) from Ar-tagging spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:2774-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43773b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Dopfer O, Andrei HS, Solcà N. IR Spectra of C2H5+-N2 Isomers: Evidence for Dative Chemical Bonding in the Isolated Ethanediazonium Ion. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11466-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208084r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Horia-Sorin Andrei
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicola Solcà
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Patzer A, Chakraborty S, Solcà N, Dopfer O. IR Spectrum and Structure of the Phenyl Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:10145-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Patzer A, Chakraborty S, Solcà N, Dopfer O. IR Spectrum and Structure of the Phenyl Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Dopfer O. IR Spectroscopy of Microsolvated Aromatic Cluster Ions: Ionization-Induced Switch in Aromatic Molecule–Solvent Recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.219.2.125.57302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and quantum chemical calculations are employed to characterize the intermolecular interaction of a variety of aromatic cations (A+) with several types of solvents. For this purpose, isolated ionic complexes of the type A+–L
n
, in which A+ is microsolvated by a controlled number (n) of ligands (L), are prepared in a supersonic plasma expansion, and their spectra are obtained by IR photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy in a tandem mass spectrometer. Two prototypes of aromatic ion–solvent recognition are considered: (i) microsolvation of acidic aromatic cations in a nonpolar hydrophobic solvent and (ii) microsolvation of bare aromatic hydrocarbon cations in a polar hydrophilic solvent. The analysis of the IRPD spectra of A+–L dimers provides detailed information about the intermolecular interaction between the aromatic ion and the neutral solvent, such as ion–ligand binding energies, the competition between different intermolecular binding motifs (H-bonds, π-bonds, charge–dipole bonds), and its dependence on chemical properties of both the A+ cation and the solvent type L. IRPD spectra of larger A+–L
n
clusters yield detailed insight into the cluster growth process, including the formation of structural isomers, the competition between ion–solvent and solvent–solvent interactions, and the degree of (non)cooperativity of the intermolecular interactions as a function of solvent type and degree of solvation. The systematic A+–L
n
cluster studies are shown to reveal valuable new information about fundamental chemical properties of the bare A+ cation, such as proton affinity, acidity, and reactivity. Because of the additional attraction arising from the excess charge, the interaction in the A+–L
n
cation clusters differs largely from that in the corresponding neutral A–L
n
clusters with respect to both the interaction strength and the most stable structure, implying in most cases an ionization-induced switch in the preferred aromatic molecule–solvent recognition motif. This process causes severe limitations for the spectroscopic characterization of ion–ligand complexes using popular photoionization techniques, due to the restrictions imposed by the Franck–Condon principle. The present study circumvents these limitations by employing an electron impact cluster ion source for A+–L
n
generation, which generates predominantly the most stable isomer of a given cluster ion independent of its geometry.
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18
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Relph RA, Bopp JC, Roscioli JR, Johnson MA. Structural characterization of (C2H2)1–6+ cluster ions by vibrational predissociation spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:114305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3212595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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19
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Jutier L, Léonard C, Gatti F. Renner–Teller effect in linear tetra-atomic molecules. II. Rovibronic levels analysis of the X Π2u electronic state of HCCH+. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:134302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Schneider H, Weber JM. Infrared spectra of HC2−∙(C2H2)n and O2−∙(C2H2)n clusters (n=2–5). J Chem Phys 2006; 125:094307. [PMID: 16965080 DOI: 10.1063/1.2347709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the solvation of HC2- and O2- with acetylene ligands by means of midinfrared photodissociation spectroscopy in the CH stretching region, monitoring C2H2 evaporation upon infrared photon absorption by the parent cluster ions. Our findings are interpreted with the help of density functional theory. The infrared spectra indicate that while the binding generally occurs through ionic H bonds, there are two different classes of ligands which differ in their binding strength. This holds true for both core ions, even though their electronic structures and charge distributions are very different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schneider
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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