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Ulmer A, Heilrath A, Senfftleben B, O'Connell-Lopez SMO, Kruse B, Seiffert L, Kolatzki K, Langbehn B, Hoffmann A, Baumann TM, Boll R, Chatterley AS, De Fanis A, Erk B, Erukala S, Feinberg AJ, Fennel T, Grychtol P, Hartmann R, Ilchen M, Izquierdo M, Krebs B, Kuster M, Mazza T, Montaño J, Noffz G, Rivas DE, Schlosser D, Seel F, Stapelfeldt H, Strüder L, Tiggesbäumker J, Yousef H, Zabel M, Ziołkowski P, Meyer M, Ovcharenko Y, Vilesov AF, Möller T, Rupp D, Tanyag RMP. Generation of Large Vortex-Free Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:076002. [PMID: 37656857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Superfluid helium nanodroplets are an ideal environment for the formation of metastable, self-organized dopant nanostructures. However, the presence of vortices often hinders their formation. Here, we demonstrate the generation of vortex-free helium nanodroplets and explore the size range in which they can be produced. From x-ray diffraction images of xenon-doped droplets, we identify that single compact structures, assigned to vortex-free aggregation, prevail up to 10^{8} atoms per droplet. This finding builds the basis for exploring the assembly of far-from-equilibrium nanostructures at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Ulmer
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Heilrath
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Senfftleben
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sean M O O'Connell-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Björn Kruse
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lennart Seiffert
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolatzki
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Langbehn
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoffmann
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Swetha Erukala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra J Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bennet Krebs
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Kuster
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Georg Noffz
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fabian Seel
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department "Life, Light and Matter," Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hazem Yousef
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Zabel
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Rupp
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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2
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Iwe N, Raspe K, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Metal cluster plasmons analyzed by energy-resolved photoemission. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1677-1684. [PMID: 36541268 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The optical response of size-selected metal clusters is studied by wavelength-dependent photoemission and energy-resolved photoelectron detection. Relative photodetachment cross sections giving information on the plasmon are determined for the example of closed-shell Ag91-. Notably, the peak energy of this anion (3.74 eV) is higher than the small particle limit in Mie theory of 3.5 eV. Different methods to extract cross sections from the spectra are applied. In particular, we compare the results obtained by integrating the full electron yields to analyses based on evaluating specified binding energy windows. The approach opens up new possibilities to conduct studies on Landau fragmentation as a result of multielectron excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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3
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Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Ionization potentials of Mg N ( N = 7-56) clusters formed by spontaneous collapse of magnesium foam in helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23350-23356. [PMID: 36134466 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ionization potentials of magnesium clusters (MgN, N = 7-56) are determined by doping ultracold helium nanodroplets (HeM, M ≈ 52 000) with Mg atoms. Inspecting the particle size distributions resulting from non-resonant, short-wavelength, single-photon ionization gives evidence that beyond a certain ensemble size, the developing foam structure undergoes a spontaneous collapse on the way to the laser interaction region. As a result, hot Mg clusters form in the relaxation process. The spontaneous collapse manifests in a substantial change in the size distributions, when recording mass spectra at wavelengths shorter than 272 nm. Tracing individual MgN signals as a function of laser photon energy allows extraction of size-specific ionization potentials, which for small clusters show a good agreement with results obtained from density functional theory simulations. The further development is compared to calculations based on the liquid drop model. However, even when quantum effects are included, the simple scaling law is not able to reproduce the development of the ionization potentials. The results suggest that small neutral magnesium clusters behave as non-metallic. The comparison to electron affinities and band gaps obtained from photoemission experiments on MgN- provides information on the charge state dependence of the non-metal-to-metal transition and properties like the Mulliken electron negativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev Kazak
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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4
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Raspe K, Müller M, Iwe N, Wolf RN, Oelßner P, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. A versatile setup for studying size and charge-state selected polyanionic nanoparticles. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:043301. [PMID: 35489944 DOI: 10.1063/5.0085187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Using the example of metal clusters, an experimental setup and procedure is presented, which allows for the generation of size and charge-state selected polyanions from monoanions in a molecular beam. As a characteristic feature of this modular setup, the further charging process via sequential electron attachment within a three-state digital trap takes place after mass-selection. In contrast to other approaches, the rf-based concept permits access to heavy particles. The procedure is highly flexible with respect to the preparation process and potentially suitable for a wide variety of anionic species. By adjusting the storage conditions, i.e., the radio frequency, to the change in the mass-to-charge ratio, we succeeded in producing clusters in highly negative charge states, i.e., Ag800 7-. The capabilities of the setup are demonstrated by experiments extracting electronic and optical properties of polyanionic metal clusters by analyzing the corresponding photoelectron spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - R N Wolf
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Oelßner
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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5
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Krebs BS, Tulsky V, Kazak L, Zabel M, Bauer D, Tiggesbäumker J. Phase-of-the-Phase Electron Momentum Spectroscopy on Single Metal Atoms in Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1526-1532. [PMID: 35133167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium atoms fully embedded in helium nanodroplets are exposed to two-color laser pulses, which trigger multiphoton above-threshold ionization (ATI). This allows exemplary study of the contribution of a dense, neutral, and finite medium on single electron propagation. The angular-resolved photoelectron spectra show striking differences with respect to results obtained on free atoms. Scattering of the individual Mg photoelectrons, when traversing the neutral helium environment, causes the angular distribution to become almost isotropic. Furthermore, the appearance of higher-energy electrons is observed, indicating the impact of the droplet on the concerted emission process. Phase-of-the-phase spectroscopy, however, reveals a marked loss in the 2ω-ω phase dependence of the electron signal. Taking into account sideband formation on a quantitative level, a Monte Carlo simulation which includes laser-assisted electron scattering can reproduce the experimental spectra and give insights into the strong-field-induced electron emission from disordered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennet S Krebs
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Vasily Tulsky
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lev Kazak
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Zabel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Dieter Bauer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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6
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Iwe N, Raspe K, Müller M, Martinez F, Schweikhard L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Size and charge-state dependence of detachment energies of polyanionic silver clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:164303. [PMID: 34717355 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of silver clusters (N up to 800) charged by attachment of up to z = 7 excess electrons are investigated. As an essential preparation step, the technique of in-trap electron attachment to size-selected monoanions within a linear Paul trap is applied. By taking advantage of tunable laser pulses, the photoelectron spectra allow us to evaluate details of the electronic structure of polyanionic metal clusters, giving a multidimensional dataset. The subsequent analysis based on the liquid drop model provides information about the atomic structure and the bulk work function at a hitherto unknown quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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7
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Martinez F, Iwe N, Müller M, Raspe K, Schweikhard L, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Cresting the Coulomb Barrier of Polyanionic Metal Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:133001. [PMID: 33861113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Combining photoelectron spectroscopy with tunable laser pulse excitation allows us to characterize the Coulomb barrier potential of multiply negatively charged silver clusters. The spectra of mass- and charge-selected polyanionic systems, with z=2-5 excess electrons, show a characteristic dependence on the excitation energy, which emphasizes the role of electron tunneling through the barrier. By evaluating experimental data from an 800-atom system, the electron yield is parametrized with respect to tunneling near the photoemission threshold. This analysis results in the first experimentally based potential energy functions of polyanionic metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martinez
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - N Iwe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - K Raspe
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Schweikhard
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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8
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Kelbg M, Zabel M, Krebs B, Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Temporal Development of a Laser-Induced Helium Nanoplasma Measured through Auger Emission and Above-Threshold Ionization. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:093202. [PMID: 32915628 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.093202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond pump-probe electron and ion spectroscopy is applied to study the development of a helium nanoplasma up to the nanosecond timescale. Electrons, bound by the deep confining mean-field potential, are elevated toward the vacuum level in the nanoplasma expansion. Subsequent electron recombination gives rise to transitions between He^{+} states, resulting in autoionization. The time-resolved analysis of the energy transfer to quasifree electrons reveals a transient depletion of the Auger emission, which allows for a temporal gate to map the distribution of delocalized electrons in the developing mean field. Furthermore, we trace the recombination of delocalized electrons near the vacuum level into highly excited Rydberg states. Transient above-threshold ionization is introduced as a diagnostic tool to resolve the dynamics. Thus, the development of the electron distribution in the nanoplasma mean-field potential can be monitored via the features observed in the emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kelbg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - B Krebs
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department "Life, Light, and Matter," Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany and Department "Life, Light, and Matter," Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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9
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Kazak L, Göde S, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Photoelectron Spectroscopy on Magnesium Ensembles in Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5951-5956. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Kelbg M, Zabel M, Krebs B, Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Auger emission from the Coulomb explosion of helium nanoplasmas. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5089943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kelbg
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Zabel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - B. Krebs
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L. Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K.-H. Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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11
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Kelbg M, Heidenreich A, Kazak L, Zabel M, Krebs B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Comparison of Electron and Ion Emission from Xenon Cluster-Induced Ignition of Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8107-8113. [PMID: 30239204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The charging dynamics of helium droplets driven by embedded xenon cluster ignition in strong laser fields is studied by comparing the abundances of helium and highly charged Xe ions to the electron signal. Femtosecond pump-probe experiments show that near the optimal delay for highly charged xenon the electron yield increases, especially at low energies. The electron signature can be traced back to the ionization of the helium environment by Xe seed electrons. Accompanying molecular dynamics simulations suggest a two-step ionization scenario in the Xe-He core-shell system. In contrast to xenon, the experimental signal of the helium ions, as well as low-energy electron emission show a deviating delay dependence, indicating differences in the temporal and spacial development of the charge state distribution of Xe core and He surrounding. From the pump-probe dependence of the electron emission, effective temperatures can be extracted, indicating the nanoplasma decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kelbg
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Andreas Heidenreich
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , P.K. 1072, Donostia 20018 , Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao 48013 , Spain
| | - Lev Kazak
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Michael Zabel
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Bennet Krebs
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany.,Department Life, Light and Matter , University of Rostock , Rostock 18059 , Germany
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12
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Komar D, Kazak L, Almassarani M, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Highly Charged Rydberg Ions from the Coulomb Explosion of Clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:133207. [PMID: 29694219 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion emission from a nanoplasma produced in the interaction of intense optical laser pulses with argon clusters is studied resolving simultaneously charge states and recoil energies. By applying appropriate static electric fields we observe that a significant fraction of the ions Ar^{q+} (q=1-7) has electrons with binding energies lower than 150 meV; i.e., n_{Ryd}≥15 levels are populated. Charge state changes observed on a μs time scale can be attributed to electron emission due to autoionizing Rydberg states, indicating that high-ℓ Rydberg levels are populated as well. The experiments support theoretical predictions that a significant fraction of delocalized electrons, which are bound with hundreds of eV to the nanoplasma after the laser exposure, fill up meV bound ion states in the adiabatic expansion. We expect the process to be relevant for the long-term evolution of expanding laser-induced dense plasmas in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Komar
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Almassarani
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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Passig J, Zherebtsov S, Irsig R, Arbeiter M, Peltz C, Göde S, Skruszewicz S, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J, Kling MF, Fennel T. Publisher Correction: Nanoplasmonic electron acceleration by attosecond-controlled forward rescattering in silver clusters. Nat Commun 2018; 9:629. [PMID: 29416048 PMCID: PMC5803266 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Passig
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Zherebtsov
- Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85749, Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Irsig
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Peltz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Göde
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawomir Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Matthias F Kling
- Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85749, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Zastrau U, Rödel C, Nakatsutsumi M, Feigl T, Appel K, Chen B, Döppner T, Fennel T, Fiedler T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Gamboa E, Gericke DO, Göde S, Grote-Fortmann C, Hilbert V, Kazak L, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Mabey P, Martinez F, Meiwes-Broer KH, Pauer H, Perske M, Przystawik A, Roling S, Skruszewicz S, Shihab M, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Wünsche M, Zacharias H, Glenzer SH, Gregori G. A sensitive EUV Schwarzschild microscope for plasma studies with sub-micrometer resolution. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:023703. [PMID: 29495844 DOI: 10.1063/1.5007950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscope using a Schwarzschild objective which is optimized for single-shot sub-micrometer imaging of laser-plasma targets. The microscope has been designed and constructed for imaging the scattering from an EUV-heated solid-density hydrogen jet. Imaging of a cryogenic hydrogen target was demonstrated using single pulses of the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) free-electron laser at a wavelength of 13.5 nm. In a single exposure, we observe a hydrogen jet with ice fragments with a spatial resolution in the sub-micrometer range. In situ EUV imaging is expected to enable novel experimental capabilities for warm dense matter studies of micrometer-sized samples in laser-plasma experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C Rödel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - T Feigl
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - K Appel
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - B Chen
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, China
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Fiedler
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - E Gamboa
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D O Gericke
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S Göde
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - V Hilbert
- Institute of Applied Physics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - L Kazak
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Mabey
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - F Martinez
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - H Pauer
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - M Perske
- optiX fab GmbH, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 6, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - M Shihab
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Wünsche
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S H Glenzer
- Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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15
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Passig J, Zherebtsov S, Irsig R, Arbeiter M, Peltz C, Göde S, Skruszewicz S, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J, Kling MF, Fennel T. Nanoplasmonic electron acceleration by attosecond-controlled forward rescattering in silver clusters. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1181. [PMID: 29081493 PMCID: PMC5661747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01286-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the strong-field photoemission from atoms, molecules, and surfaces, the fastest electrons emerge from tunneling and subsequent field-driven recollision, followed by elastic backscattering. This rescattering picture is central to attosecond science and enables control of the electron’s trajectory via the sub-cycle evolution of the laser electric field. Here we reveal a so far unexplored route for waveform-controlled electron acceleration emerging from forward rescattering in resonant plasmonic systems. We studied plasmon-enhanced photoemission from silver clusters and found that the directional acceleration can be controlled up to high kinetic energy with the relative phase of a two-color laser field. Our analysis reveals that the cluster’s plasmonic near-field establishes a sub-cycle directional gate that enables the selective acceleration. The identified generic mechanism offers robust attosecond control of the electron acceleration at plasmonic nanostructures, opening perspectives for laser-based sources of attosecond electron pulses. Accelerating electrons to high energy and controlling their properties on ultrafast timescales is challenging. Here the authors show controlled acceleration of electron bunches using forward scattering in the resonantly enhanced polarization field of silver clusters driven by a phase-tuned two-color laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Passig
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey Zherebtsov
- Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85749, Garching, Germany.,Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Robert Irsig
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mathias Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Peltz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sebastian Göde
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Slawomir Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Matthias F Kling
- Physik Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85749, Garching, Germany. .,Max-Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23, D-18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, D-12489, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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Obst L, Göde S, Rehwald M, Brack FE, Branco J, Bock S, Bussmann M, Cowan TE, Curry CB, Fiuza F, Gauthier M, Gebhardt R, Helbig U, Huebl A, Hübner U, Irman A, Kazak L, Kim JB, Kluge T, Kraft S, Loeser M, Metzkes J, Mishra R, Rödel C, Schlenvoigt HP, Siebold M, Tiggesbäumker J, Wolter S, Ziegler T, Schramm U, Glenzer SH, Zeil K. Efficient laser-driven proton acceleration from cylindrical and planar cryogenic hydrogen jets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10248. [PMID: 28860614 PMCID: PMC5579044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on recent experimental results deploying a continuous cryogenic hydrogen jet as a debris-free, renewable laser-driven source of pure proton beams generated at the 150 TW ultrashort pulse laser Draco. Efficient proton acceleration reaching cut-off energies of up to 20 MeV with particle numbers exceeding 109 particles per MeV per steradian is demonstrated, showing for the first time that the acceleration performance is comparable to solid foil targets with thicknesses in the micrometer range. Two different target geometries are presented and their proton beam deliverance characterized: cylindrical (∅ 5 μm) and planar (20 μm × 2 μm). In both cases typical Target Normal Sheath Acceleration emission patterns with exponential proton energy spectra are detected. Significantly higher proton numbers in laser-forward direction are observed when deploying the planar jet as compared to the cylindrical jet case. This is confirmed by two-dimensional Particle-in-Cell (2D3V PIC) simulations, which demonstrate that the planar jet proves favorable as its geometry leads to more optimized acceleration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselotte Obst
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Göde
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Martin Rehwald
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian-Emanuel Brack
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - João Branco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bussmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas E Cowan
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chandra B Curry
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Frederico Fiuza
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Maxence Gauthier
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - René Gebhardt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Helbig
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Huebl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Hübner
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Arie Irman
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lev Kazak
- Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jongjin B Kim
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Kluge
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Kraft
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josefine Metzkes
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohini Mishra
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Christian Rödel
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Siebold
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Wolter
- Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tim Ziegler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schramm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Siegfried H Glenzer
- High Energy Density Science Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - Karl Zeil
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany.
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17
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Komar D, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. High performance charge-state resolving ion energy analyzer optimized for intense laser studies on low-density cluster targets. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:103110. [PMID: 27802717 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on a versatile ion analyzer which is capable to resolve ion charge states and energies with a resolution of E/ΔE = 100 at 75 keV/nucleon. Charge states are identified by their characteristic deflection in a magnetic field, whereas the ion energies are independently determined by a time-of-flight measurement. To monitor the signals a delay-line detector is used which records ion impact positions and times in each laser shot. Compared to conventional Thomson parabola spectrometers our instrument provides a low background measurement, hence a superior dynamic range. Further features are an improved energy resolution and a significantly increased transmission. We demonstrate the performance by showing charge-state resolved ion energy spectra from the Coulomb explosion of a low-density target, i.e., silver clusters exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Komar
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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18
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Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Arbeiter M, Fennel T, Bauer D. Two-Color Strong-Field Photoelectron Spectroscopy and the Phase of the Phase. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:043001. [PMID: 26252678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.043001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a weak second-harmonic field in an intense-laser ionization experiment affects the momentum-resolved electron yield, depending on the relative phase between the ω and the 2ω component. The proposed two-color "phase-of-the-phase spectroscopy" quantifies for each final electron momentum a relative-phase contrast (RPC) and a phase of the phase (PP) describing how much and with which phase lag, respectively, the yield changes as a function of the relative phase. Experimental results for RPC and PP spectra for rare gas atoms and CO_{2} are presented. The spectra demonstrate a rather universal structure that is analyzed with the help of a simple model based on electron trajectories, wave-packet spreading, and (multiple) rescattering. Details in the PP and RPC spectra are target sensitive and, thus, may be used to extract structural (or even dynamical) information with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Th Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Bauer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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19
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Oeder S, Kanashova T, Sippula O, Sapcariu SC, Streibel T, Arteaga-Salas JM, Passig J, Dilger M, Paur HR, Schlager C, Mülhopt S, Diabaté S, Weiss C, Stengel B, Rabe R, Harndorf H, Torvela T, Jokiniemi JK, Hirvonen MR, Schmidt-Weber C, Traidl-Hoffmann C, BéruBé KA, Wlodarczyk AJ, Prytherch Z, Michalke B, Krebs T, Prévôt ASH, Kelbg M, Tiggesbäumker J, Karg E, Jakobi G, Scholtes S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Lintelmann J, Matuschek G, Sklorz M, Klingbeil S, Orasche J, Richthammer P, Müller L, Elsasser M, Reda A, Gröger T, Weggler B, Schwemer T, Czech H, Rüger CP, Abbaszade G, Radischat C, Hiller K, Buters JTM, Dittmar G, Zimmermann R. Particulate matter from both heavy fuel oil and diesel fuel shipping emissions show strong biological effects on human lung cells at realistic and comparable in vitro exposure conditions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126536. [PMID: 26039251 PMCID: PMC4454644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ship engine emissions are important with regard to lung and cardiovascular diseases especially in coastal regions worldwide. Known cellular responses to combustion particles include oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling. OBJECTIVES To provide a molecular link between the chemical and physical characteristics of ship emission particles and the cellular responses they elicit and to identify potentially harmful fractions in shipping emission aerosols. METHODS Through an air-liquid interface exposure system, we exposed human lung cells under realistic in vitro conditions to exhaust fumes from a ship engine running on either common heavy fuel oil (HFO) or cleaner-burning diesel fuel (DF). Advanced chemical analyses of the exhaust aerosols were combined with transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic profiling including isotope labelling methods to characterise the lung cell responses. RESULTS The HFO emissions contained high concentrations of toxic compounds such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and were higher in particle mass. These compounds were lower in DF emissions, which in turn had higher concentrations of elemental carbon ("soot"). Common cellular reactions included cellular stress responses and endocytosis. Reactions to HFO emissions were dominated by oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, whereas DF emissions induced generally a broader biological response than HFO emissions and affected essential cellular pathways such as energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and chromatin modification. CONCLUSIONS Despite a lower content of known toxic compounds, combustion particles from the clean shipping fuel DF influenced several essential pathways of lung cell metabolism more strongly than particles from the unrefined fuel HFO. This might be attributable to a higher soot content in DF. Thus the role of diesel soot, which is a known carcinogen in acute air pollution-induced health effects should be further investigated. For the use of HFO and DF we recommend a reduction of carbonaceous soot in the ship emissions by implementation of filtration devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Oeder
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Kanashova
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Olli Sippula
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sean C. Sapcariu
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Thorsten Streibel
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jose Manuel Arteaga-Salas
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Passig
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marco Dilger
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hanns-Rudolf Paur
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlager
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sonja Mülhopt
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute for Technical Chemistry (ITC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Weiss
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus North, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stengel
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rom Rabe
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Horst Harndorf
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Chair of Piston Machines and Internal Combustion Engines, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tiina Torvela
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jorma K. Jokiniemi
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija-Riitta Hirvonen
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental Science, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, P.O. Box 95, FI-70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
- Institute of environmental medicine, UNIKA-T, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Kelly A. BéruBé
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Lung and Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Anna J. Wlodarczyk
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Lung and Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Zoë Prytherch
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Lung and Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Krebs
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Vitrocell GmbH, Waldkirch, Germany
| | - André S. H. Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kelbg
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Physics, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Institute of Physics, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Erwin Karg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gert Jakobi
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sorana Scholtes
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Lintelmann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Georg Matuschek
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sklorz
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sophie Klingbeil
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jürgen Orasche
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Richthammer
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laarnie Müller
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Elsasser
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Reda
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gröger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Weggler
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Theo Schwemer
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christopher P. Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gülcin Abbaszade
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Radischat
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4362 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Jeroen T. M. Buters
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technische Universität München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
- CK-CARE, Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Mass Spectrometry Core Unit, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- HICE—Helmholtz Virtual Institute of Complex Molecular Systems in Environmental Health—Aerosols and Health, www.hice-vi.eu, Neuherberg, Rostock, Munich, Karlsruhe, Berlin, Waldkirch, Germany, Kuopio, Finland, Cardiff, UK, Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, CMA—Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Li H, Mignolet B, Wachter G, Skruszewicz S, Zherebtsov S, Süssmann F, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Kling NG, Kübel M, Ahn B, Kim D, Ben-Itzhak I, Cocke CL, Fennel T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Lemell C, Burgdörfer J, Levine RD, Remacle F, Kling MF. Coherent electronic wave packet motion in C(60) controlled by the waveform and polarization of few-cycle laser fields. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:123004. [PMID: 25860740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong laser fields can be used to trigger an ultrafast molecular response that involves electronic excitation and ionization dynamics. Here, we report on the experimental control of the spatial localization of the electronic excitation in the C_{60} fullerene exerted by an intense few-cycle (4 fs) pulse at 720 nm. The control is achieved by tailoring the carrier-envelope phase and the polarization of the laser pulse. We find that the maxima and minima of the photoemission-asymmetry parameter along the laser-polarization axis are synchronized with the localization of the coherent electronic wave packet at around the time of ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - B Mignolet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - G Wachter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - F Süssmann
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - A Kessel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - S A Trushin
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Kübel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - B Ahn
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C L Cocke
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - C Lemell
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - R D Levine
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Remacle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - M F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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21
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Galinis G, Mendoza Luna LG, Watkins MJ, Ellis AM, Minns RS, Mladenović M, Lewerenz M, Chapman RT, Turcu ICE, Cacho C, Springate E, Kazak L, Göde S, Irsig R, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Rouzée A, Underwood JG, Siano M, von Haeften K. Formation of coherent rotational wavepackets in small molecule-helium clusters using impulsive alignment. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:195-218. [PMID: 25415646 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00099d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We show that rotational line spectra of molecular clusters with near zero permanent dipole moments can be observed using impulsive alignment. Aligned rotational wavepackets were generated by non-resonant interaction with intense femtosecond laser pump pulses and then probed using Coulomb explosion by a second, time-delayed femtosecond laser pulse. By means of a Fourier transform a rich spectrum of rotational eigenstates was derived. For the smallest cluster, C(2)H(2)-He, we were able to establish essentially all rotational eigenstates up to the dissociation threshold on the basis of theoretical level predictions. The C(2)H(2)-He complex is found to exhibit distinct features of large amplitude motion and very early onset of free internal rotor energy level structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gediminas Galinis
- University of Leicester, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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22
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Zastrau U, Sperling P, Becker A, Bornath T, Bredow R, Döppner T, Dziarzhytski S, Fennel T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Fortmann C, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Harmand M, Hilbert V, Holst B, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Ma T, Mithen JP, Mitzner R, Murphy CD, Nakatsutsumi M, Neumayer P, Przystawik A, Roling S, Schulz M, Siemer B, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, White T, Wöstmann M, Zacharias H, Redmer R. Equilibration dynamics and conductivity of warm dense hydrogen. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:013104. [PMID: 25122398 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.013104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate subpicosecond dynamics of warm dense hydrogen at the XUV free-electron laser facility (FLASH) at DESY (Hamburg). Ultrafast impulsive electron heating is initiated by a ≤ 300-fs short x-ray burst of 92-eV photon energy. A second pulse probes the sample via x-ray scattering at jitter-free variable time delay. We show that the initial molecular structure dissociates within (0.9 ± 0.2) ps, allowing us to infer the energy transfer rate between electrons and ions. We evaluate Saha and Thomas-Fermi ionization models in radiation hydrodynamics simulations, predicting plasma parameters that are subsequently used to calculate the static structure factor. A conductivity model for partially ionized plasma is validated by two-temperature density-functional theory coupled to molecular dynamic simulations and agrees with the experimental data. Our results provide important insights and the needed experimental data on transport properties of dense plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sperling
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Bornath
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Bredow
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - C Fortmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Göde
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA and Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Harmand
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V Hilbert
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - B Holst
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Mithen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitzner
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Tschentscher
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T White
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wöstmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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23
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Zastrau U, Sperling P, Harmand M, Becker A, Bornath T, Bredow R, Dziarzhytski S, Fennel T, Fletcher LB, Förster E, Göde S, Gregori G, Hilbert V, Hochhaus D, Holst B, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Ma T, Mithen JP, Mitzner R, Murphy CD, Nakatsutsumi M, Neumayer P, Przystawik A, Roling S, Schulz M, Siemer B, Skruszewicz S, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, White T, Wöstmann M, Zacharias H, Döppner T, Glenzer SH, Redmer R. Resolving ultrafast heating of dense cryogenic hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:105002. [PMID: 24679300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on the dynamics of ultrafast heating in cryogenic hydrogen initiated by a ≲300 fs, 92 eV free electron laser x-ray burst. The rise of the x-ray scattering amplitude from a second x-ray pulse probes the transition from dense cryogenic molecular hydrogen to a nearly uncorrelated plasmalike structure, indicating an electron-ion equilibration time of ∼0.9 ps. The rise time agrees with radiation hydrodynamics simulations based on a conductivity model for partially ionized plasma that is validated by two-temperature density-functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P Sperling
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Harmand
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Becker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Bornath
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Bredow
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dziarzhytski
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Förster
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany and Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - S Göde
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - V Hilbert
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - D Hochhaus
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B Holst
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Mithen
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - R Mitzner
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C D Murphy
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Neumayer
- Extreme Matter Institute, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Schulz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B Siemer
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Tschentscher
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T White
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - M Wöstmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - H Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse, 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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24
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Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Schuster C, Merschjann C, Rothe N, Lochbrunner S, Vehse M, Seitz H, Klinkenberg ED, Meiwes-Broer KH. Machining of Biocompatible Ceramics with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-C/bmt-2013-4093/bmt-2013-4093.xml. [PMID: 24042670 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Bostedt C, Eremina E, Rupp D, Adolph M, Thomas H, Hoener M, de Castro ARB, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Laarmann T, Wabnitz H, Plönjes E, Treusch R, Schneider JR, Möller T. Ultrafast x-ray scattering of xenon nanoparticles: imaging transient states of matter. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:093401. [PMID: 22463632 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.093401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond x-ray laser flashes with power densities of up to 10(14) W/cm(2) at 13.7 nm wavelength were scattered by single xenon clusters in the gas phase. Similar to light scattering from atmospheric microparticles, the x-ray diffraction patterns carry information about the optical constants of the objects. However, the high flux of the x-ray laser induces severe transient changes of the electronic configuration, resulting in a tenfold increase of absorption in the developing nanoplasma. The modification in opaqueness can be correlated to strong atomic charging of the particle leading to excitation of Xe(4+). It is shown that single-shot single-particle scattering on femtosecond time scales yields insight into ultrafast processes in highly excited systems where conventional spectroscopy techniques are inherently blind.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bostedt
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Eugene-Wigner-Building EW 3-1, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Schuster C, Rothe N, Svanidze AV, Fiedler S, Irsig R, Tiggesbäumker J, Senz V, Vehse M, Seitz H, Lochbrunner S. Material processing with shaped femtosecond laser pulses. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Christen W, Radcliffe P, Przystawik A, Diederich T, Tiggesbäumker J. Argon Solvent Effects on Optical Properties of Silver Metal Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:8779-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp200487s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Christen
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany, and
| | - P. Radcliffe
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A. Przystawik
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Th. Diederich
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J. Tiggesbäumker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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28
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Döppner T, Müller JP, Przystawik A, Göde S, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Varin C, Ramunno L, Brabec T, Fennel T. Steplike intensity threshold behavior of extreme ionization in laser-driven xenon clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:053401. [PMID: 20867915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.053401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The generation of highly charged Xe(q+) ions up to q=24 is observed in Xe clusters embedded in helium nanodroplets and exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses (λ=800 nm). Laser intensity resolved measurements show that the high-q ion generation starts at an unexpectedly low threshold intensity of about 10(14) W/cm2. Above threshold, the Xe ion charge spectrum saturates quickly and changes only weakly for higher laser intensities. Good agreement between these observations and a molecular dynamics analysis allows us to identify the mechanisms responsible for the highly charged ion production and the surprising intensity threshold behavior of the ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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29
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Vinko SM, Zastrau U, Mazevet S, Andreasson J, Bajt S, Burian T, Chalupsky J, Chapman HN, Cihelka J, Doria D, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Dzelzainis T, Fäustlin RR, Fortmann C, Förster E, Galtier E, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Hajdu J, Hajkova V, Heimann PA, Irsig R, Juha L, Jurek M, Krzywinski J, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Lee RW, Li B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Mithen JP, Nagler B, Nelson AJ, Przystawik A, Redmer R, Riley D, Rosmej F, Sobierajski R, Tavella F, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Tschentscher T, Vysin L, Whitcher TJ, White S, Wark JS. Electronic structure of an XUV photogenerated solid-density aluminum plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:225001. [PMID: 20867176 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.225001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
By use of high intensity XUV radiation from the FLASH free-electron laser at DESY, we have created highly excited exotic states of matter in solid-density aluminum samples. The XUV intensity is sufficiently high to excite an inner-shell electron from a large fraction of the atoms in the focal region. We show that soft-x-ray emission spectroscopy measurements reveal the electronic temperature and density of this highly excited system immediately after the excitation pulse, with detailed calculations of the electronic structure, based on finite-temperature density functional theory, in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom.
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30
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Fäustlin RR, Bornath T, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Förster E, Fortmann C, Glenzer SH, Göde S, Gregori G, Irsig R, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Li B, Meiwes-Broer KH, Mithen J, Nagler B, Przystawik A, Redlin H, Redmer R, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Tavella F, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Toleikis S, Uschmann I, Vinko SM, Whitcher T, Zastrau U, Ziaja B, Tschentscher T. Observation of ultrafast nonequilibrium collective dynamics in warm dense hydrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:125002. [PMID: 20366540 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.125002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate ultrafast (fs) electron dynamics in a liquid hydrogen sample, isochorically and volumetrically heated to a moderately coupled plasma state. Thomson scattering measurements using 91.8 eV photons from the free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH at DESY) show that the hydrogen plasma has been driven to a nonthermal state with an electron temperature of 13 eV and an ion temperature below 0.1 eV, while the free-electron density is 2.8x10{20} cm{-3}. For dense plasmas, our experimental data strongly support a nonequilibrium kinetics model that uses impact ionization cross sections based on classical free-electron collisions.
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31
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Senz V, Fischer T, Oelssner P, Tiggesbäumker J, Stanzel J, Bostedt C, Thomas H, Schöffler M, Foucar L, Martins M, Neville J, Neeb M, Möller T, Wurth W, Rühl E, Dörner R, Schmidt-Böcking H, Eberhardt W, Ganteför G, Treusch R, Radcliffe P, Meiwes-Broer KH. Core-hole screening as a probe for a metal-to-nonmetal transition in lead clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:138303. [PMID: 19392409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.138303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metal clusters serve as model systems to study basic problems of electronic correlation. Vacuum ultraviolet light from the free-electron laser FLASH ionizes 5d electrons from mass-separated negatively charged clusters, thus transiently leading to core-ionized neutral systems. Shielding of the core hole affects the electron binding energy. From the strong deviation from expectations of the metallic droplet and jellium models we conclude on reduced electronic shielding once the cluster size falls below about 20 atoms. This suggests a metal-to-nonmetal transition, in agreement with previous local density approximation calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Senz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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32
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Zastrau U, Fortmann C, Fäustlin RR, Cao LF, Döppner T, Düsterer S, Glenzer SH, Gregori G, Laarmann T, Lee HJ, Przystawik A, Radcliffe P, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Thiele R, Tiggesbäumker J, Truong NX, Toleikis S, Uschmann I, Wierling A, Tschentscher T, Förster E, Redmer R. Bremsstrahlung and line spectroscopy of warm dense aluminum plasma heated by xuv free-electron-laser radiation. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 78:066406. [PMID: 19256961 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.78.066406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the creation of solid-density aluminum plasma using free-electron laser (FEL) radiation at 13.5nm wavelength. Ultrashort pulses were focused on a bulk Al target, yielding an intensity of 2x10;{14}Wcm;{2} . The radiation emitted from the plasma was measured using an xuv spectrometer. Bremsstrahlung and line intensity ratios yield consistent electron temperatures of about 38eV , supported by radiation hydrodynamics simulations. This shows that xuv FELs heat up plasmas volumetrically and homogeneously at warm-dense-matter conditions, which are accurately characterized by xuv spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Zastrau
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Max-Wien Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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33
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Döppner T, Diederich T, Göde S, Przystawik A, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Ion induced snowballs as a diagnostic tool to investigate the caging of metal clusters in large helium droplets. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:244513. [PMID: 17614570 DOI: 10.1063/1.2745294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal clusters embedded in ultracold helium nanodroplets are exposed to femtosecond laser pulses with intensities of 10(13)-10(14) W/cm2. The influence of the matrix on the ionization and fragmentation dynamics is studied by pump-probe time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Special attention is paid to the generation of helium snowballs around positive metal ions (Me(z+)He(N), z=1,2). Closings of the first and second helium shells are found for silver at N(1)=10,12 and N(2)=32,44, as well as for magnesium at N1=19-20. The distinct abundance enhancement of helium snowballs in the presence of isolated atoms and small clusters in the droplets is used as a diagnostics to explore the cage effect. For silver, a reaggregation of the clusters is observed at 30 ps after femtosecond laser excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilo Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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34
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Przystawik A, Radcliffe P, Diederich T, Döppner T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Photoelectron studies of neutral Ag3 in helium droplets. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:184306. [PMID: 17508802 DOI: 10.1063/1.2723087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectron spectra of neutral silver trimers, grown in ultracold helium nanodroplets, are recorded after ionization with laser pulses via a strong optical resonance of this species. Varying the photon energy reveals that direct vertical two-photon ionization is hindered by a rapid relaxation into the lower edge of a long-living excited state manifold. An analysis of the ionization threshold of the embedded trimer yields an ionization potential of 5.74+/-0.09 eV consistent with the value found in the gas phase. The asymmetrical form of the electron energy spectrum, which is broadened toward lower kinetic energies, is attributed to the influence of the matrix on the photoionization process. The lifetime of the excited state was measured in a two-color pump-probe experiment to be 5.7+/-0.6 ns.
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35
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Fennel T, Döppner T, Passig J, Schaal C, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Plasmon-enhanced electron acceleration in intense laser metal-cluster interactions. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:143401. [PMID: 17501272 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.143401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the energy and angular-resolved electron emission from medium-sized silver clusters (N approximately 500-2000) exposed to dual laser pulses of moderate intensity (I approximately (10(13-14) W/cm2). When the second pulse excites the plasmon resonantly, we observe enhanced emission along the laser polarization axis. The asymmetry of the electron spectrum is strongly increasing with electron energy. Semiclassical simulations reveal the following mechanism: Electrons bound in highly excited states can leave, return to, and traverse the cluster. Those electrons that return at zero plasmon deflection and traverse the cluster during a favorable plasmon half-cycle can experience maximum acceleration by the evolving polarization field. As a result of these constraints energetic electrons are emitted in direction of the laser polarization axis in subcycle bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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36
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Abstract
The unique conditions forming atomic and molecular complexes and clusters using superfluid helium nanodroplets have opened up an innovative route for studying the physical and chemical properties of matter on the nanoscale. This review summarizes the specific characteristics of the formation of atomic clusters partly generated far from equilibrium in the helium environment. Special emphasis is on the optical response, electronic properties as well as dynamical processes which are mostly affected by the surrounding quantum matrix. Experiments include the optical induced response of isolated cluster systems in helium under quite different excitation conditions ranging from the linear regime up to the violent interaction with a strong laser field leading to Coulomb explosion and the generation of highly charged atomic fragments. The variety of results on the outstanding properties in the quantum size regime highlights the peculiar capabilities of helium nanodroplet isolation spectroscopy.
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37
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Döppner T, Diederich T, Przystawik A, Truong NX, Fennel T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Charging of metal clusters in helium droplets exposed to intense femtosecond laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:4639-52. [PMID: 17700865 DOI: 10.1039/b703707d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the strong field (10(13)-10(16) W cm(-2)) laser excitation of metal clusters (Cd(N), Ag(N) and Pb(N)) embedded in He nanodroplets. Plasmon enhanced ionization obtained by stretching the laser pulses to several hundreds of femtoseconds or by using dual pulses with a suitable optical delay leads to a Coulomb explosion of highly charged atomic ions. The charging dynamics can be well described by corresponding semiclassical Vlasov simulations. The influence of the He environment on the ionization process and on the final charge distribution is discussed. Evidence is found that He(2+) is generated in collisions with highly charged metal ions. In contrast, singly and doubly charged ions with low recoil energies induce the formation of He snowballs with a distinct shell structure around the ion. Laser intensity thresholds for snowball formation and for the ionization of clusters are investigated by applying intensity selective scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Universitätsplatz 3, 18051, Rostock, Germany.
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38
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Döppner T, Fennel T, Diederich T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Controlling the coulomb explosion of silver clusters by femtosecond dual-pulse laser excitation. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:013401. [PMID: 15698081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Silver clusters grown in helium nanodroplets are excited by intense femtosecond laser pulses resulting in the formation of a hot electron plasma far from equilibrium. The ultrafast dynamics is studied by applying optically delayed dual pulses, which allows us to pursue and control the coupling of the laser field to the clusters on a femtosecond time scale. A distinct influence of the optical delay on the ionization efficiency gives strong evidence that a significant contribution of collective dipolar electron motion is present, which is verified by corresponding Vlasov dynamics simulations on a model system. The microscopic approach demonstrates the outstanding role of giant resonances in clusters also in intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Döppner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.
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Radcliffe P, Przystawik A, Diederich T, Döppner T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Excited-state relaxation of Ag8 clusters embedded in helium droplets. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:173403. [PMID: 15169149 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.173403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Neutral silver clusters Ag(N) are grown in ultracold helium nanodroplets. By exploiting a strong absorption resonance recently found for Ag8, first photoelectron spectra of this neutral species are recorded. Variation of the laser photon energy reveals that direct vertical two-photon ionization is hindered by rapid relaxation into the lower edge of a long-living excited state manifold. The analysis of the dynamics gives a precise value of (6.89+/-0.09) eV for the vertical ionization potential of Ag8. The influence of the helium matrix on photoemission is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Radcliffe
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Diederich T, Döppner T, Braune J, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH. Electron delocalization in magnesium clusters grown in supercold helium droplets. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:4807-4810. [PMID: 11384353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The formation of bare clusters from highly reactive metals can be achieved very effectively by the pickup of atoms into superfluid helium droplets. We report on the experimental observation of electronic shells in small magnesium clusters produced by this method. Mass spectra taken under various ionization conditions show steps and outstanding peaks, as well as pronounced minima. The abundance distribution suggests a transition to full electron delocalization which is complete at about 20 atoms. A so-far-not-reported electron reorganization is observed, leading to a novel shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Diederich
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
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Tiggesbäumker J, Köller L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Liebsch A. Blue shift of the Mie plasma frequency in Ag clusters and particles. Phys Rev A 1993; 48:R1749-R1752. [PMID: 9909898 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.48.r1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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