|
1
|
Ulmer A, Heilrath A, Senfftleben B, O'Connell-Lopez SMO, Kruse B, Seiffert L, Kolatzki K, Langbehn B, Hoffmann A, Baumann TM, Boll R, Chatterley AS, De Fanis A, Erk B, Erukala S, Feinberg AJ, Fennel T, Grychtol P, Hartmann R, Ilchen M, Izquierdo M, Krebs B, Kuster M, Mazza T, Montaño J, Noffz G, Rivas DE, Schlosser D, Seel F, Stapelfeldt H, Strüder L, Tiggesbäumker J, Yousef H, Zabel M, Ziołkowski P, Meyer M, Ovcharenko Y, Vilesov AF, Möller T, Rupp D, Tanyag RMP. Generation of Large Vortex-Free Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:076002. [PMID: 37656857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Superfluid helium nanodroplets are an ideal environment for the formation of metastable, self-organized dopant nanostructures. However, the presence of vortices often hinders their formation. Here, we demonstrate the generation of vortex-free helium nanodroplets and explore the size range in which they can be produced. From x-ray diffraction images of xenon-doped droplets, we identify that single compact structures, assigned to vortex-free aggregation, prevail up to 10^{8} atoms per droplet. This finding builds the basis for exploring the assembly of far-from-equilibrium nanostructures at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Ulmer
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Heilrath
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Senfftleben
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sean M O O'Connell-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Björn Kruse
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lennart Seiffert
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolatzki
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Langbehn
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoffmann
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Swetha Erukala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra J Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bennet Krebs
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Kuster
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Georg Noffz
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fabian Seel
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department "Life, Light and Matter," Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hazem Yousef
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Zabel
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Rupp
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Mazza T, Baumann TM, Boll R, De Fanis A, Grychtol P, Ilchen M, Montaño J, Music V, Ovcharenko Y, Rennhack N, Rivas DE, Rörig A, Schmidt P, Usenko S, Ziołkowski P, La Civita D, Vannoni M, Sinn H, Keitel B, Plönjes E, Jastrow UF, Sorokin A, Tiedtke K, Mann K, Schäfer B, Breckwoldt N, Son SK, Meyer M. The beam transport system for the Small Quantum Systems instrument at the European XFEL: optical layout and first commissioning results. J Synchrotron Radiat 2023; 30:457-467. [PMID: 36891860 PMCID: PMC10000793 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522012085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Small Quantum Systems instrument is one of the six operating instruments of the European XFEL, dedicated to the atomic, molecular and cluster physics communities. The instrument started its user operation at the end of 2018 after a commissioning phase. The design and characterization of the beam transport system are described here. The X-ray optical components of the beamline are detailed, and the beamline performances, transmission and focusing capabilities are reported. It is shown that the X-ray beam can be effectively focused as predicted by ray-tracing simulations. The impact of non-ideal X-ray source conditions on the focusing performances is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Valerija Music
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Nils Rennhack
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sergey Usenko
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Harald Sinn
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Keitel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elke Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Fini Jastrow
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrey Sorokin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kai Tiedtke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- IFNANO Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Schäfer
- IFNANO Institut für Nanophotonik Göttingen e.V., Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Breckwoldt
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9–11, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sang-Kil Son
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Grychtol P, Rivas DE, Baumann TM, Boll R, De Fanis A, Erk B, Ilchen M, Liu J, Mazza T, Montaño J, Müller J, Music V, Ovcharenko Y, Rennhack N, Rouzé A, Schmidt P, Schulz S, Usenko S, Wagner R, Ziołkowski P, Schlarb H, Grünert J, Kabachnik N, Meyer M. Timing and X-ray pulse characterization at the Small Quantum Systems instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser. Opt Express 2021; 29:37429-37442. [PMID: 34808814 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This contribution presents the initial characterization of the pump-probe performance at the Small Quantum Systems (SQS) instrument of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser. It is demonstrated that time-resolved experiments can be performed by measuring the X-ray/optical cross-correlation exploiting the laser-assisted Auger decay in neon. Applying time-of-arrival corrections based on simultaneous spectral encoding measurements allow us to significantly improve the temporal resolution of this experiment. These results pave the way for ultrafast pump-probe investigations of gaseous media at the SQS instrument combining intense and tunable soft X-rays with versatile optical laser capabilities.
Collapse
|