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Brumovský M, Tunega D. Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Ethenes at the Sulfidated Zero-Valent Iron Surface: A Mechanistic DFT Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:4180-4191. [PMID: 38505149 PMCID: PMC10945477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated nano- and microscale zero-valent iron (S-(n)ZVI) has shown enhanced selectivity and reactive lifetime in the degradation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) compared to pristine (n)ZVI. However, varying effects of sulfidation on the dechlorination rates of structurally similar CEs have been reported, with the underlying mechanisms remaining poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the β-dichloroelimination reactions of tetrachloroethene (PCE), trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and trans-1,2-dichloroethene (trans-DCE) at the S and Fe sites of several S-(n)ZVI surface models by using density functional theory. Dechlorination reactions were both kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable at Fe sites compared to S sites, indicating that maintaining the accessibility of reactive Fe sites is crucial for achieving high S-(n)ZVI reactivity with contaminants. At Fe sites adjacent to S atoms, the reactivity for CE dechlorination followed the order trans-DCE ≈ TCE > cis-DCE > PCE. PCE degradation was hindered at these sites due to the steric effects of S atoms. At the S sites, the energy barriers correlated with the CEs' energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital in the order PCE < TCE < DCE isomers. Our findings reveal that the experimentally observed selectivity of S-(n)ZVI materials for individual CEs can be explained by an interplay of the varying reactivities of Fe and S sites in CE dechlorination reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources
and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kızılcan DŞ, Güzel Y, Türkmenoğlu B. Clustering of atoms relative to vector space in the Z-matrix coordinate system and 'graphical fingerprint' analysis of 3D pharmacophore structure. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-023-10798-1. [PMID: 38280974 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The behavior of a molecule within its environment is governed by chemical fields present in 3D space. However, beyond local descriptors in 3D, the conformations a molecule assumes, and the resulting clusters also play a role in influencing structure-activity models. This study focuses on the clustering of atoms according to the vector space of four atoms aligned in the Z-Matrix Reference system for molecular similarity. Using 3D-QSAR analysis, it was aimed to determine the pharmacophore groups as interaction points in the binding region of the β2-adrenoceptor target of fenoterol stereoisomers. Different types of local reactive descriptors of ligands have been used to elucidate points of interaction with the target. Activity values for ligand-receptor interaction energy were determined using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Using the Molecular Comparative Electron Topology method, the 3D pharmacophore model (3D-PhaM) was obtained after aligning and superimposing the molecules and was further validated by the molecular docking method. Best guesses were calculated with a non-output validation (LOO-CV) method. Finally, the data were calculated using the 'graphic fingerprint' technique. Based on the eLKlopman (Electrostatic LUMO Klopman) descriptor, the Q2 value of this derivative set was calculated as 0.981 and the R2ext value is calculated as 0.998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Şeyma Kızılcan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yahya Güzel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burçin Türkmenoğlu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey.
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3
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Jaykhedkar N, Bystrický R, Sýkora M, Bučko T. Investigating the role of dispersion corrections and anharmonic effects on the phase transition in SrZrS3: A systematic analysis from AIMD free energy calculations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:014710. [PMID: 38180257 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A thermally driven needle-like (NL) to distorted perovskite (DP) phase transition in SrZrS3 was investigated by means of ab initio free energy calculations accelerated by machine learning. As a first step, a systematic screening of the methods to include long-range interactions in semilocal density functional theory Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof calculations was performed. Out of the ten correction schemes tested, the Tkatchenko-Scheffler method with iterative Hirshfeld partitioning method was found to yield the best match between calculated and experimental lattice geometries, while predicting the correct order of stability of NL and DP phases at zero temperature. This method was then used in free energy calculations, performed using several approaches, so as to determine the effect of various anharmonicity contributions, such as the anisotropic thermal lattice expansion or the thermally induced internal structure changes, on the phase transition temperature (TNP→DP). Accounting for the full anharmonicity by combining the NPT molecular dynamics data with thermodynamic integration with harmonic reference provided our best estimate of TNL→DP = 867 K. Although this result is ∼150 K lower than the experimental value, it still provides an improvement by nearly 300 K compared to the previous theoretical report by Koocher et al. [Inorg. Chem. 62, 11134-11141 (2023)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Jaykhedkar
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Bystrický
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sýkora
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Brumovský M, Tunega D. Intrinsic Effects of Sulfidation on the Reactivity of Zero-Valent Iron With Trichloroethene: A DFT Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:21063-21074. [PMID: 37937157 PMCID: PMC10626624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation represents a promising approach to enhance the selectivity and longevity of zero-valent iron (ZVI) in water treatment, particularly for nanoscale ZVI (nZVI). While previous mechanistic studies have primarily concentrated on the impact of sulfidation on the (n)ZVI hydrophobicity, the fundamental effects of sulfidation on the (n)ZVI reactivity with target contaminants remain poorly understood. Herein, we employed density functional theory to elucidate reaction mechanisms of trichloroethene (TCE) dechlorination at various (n)ZVI surface models, ranging from pristine Fe0 to regularly sulfidated Fe surfaces. Our findings indicate that sulfidation intrinsically hinders the TCE dechlorination by (n)ZVI, which aligns with prior observations of sulfur poisoning in transition metal catalysts. We further demonstrate that the positive effects of sulfidation emerge when the surface of (n)ZVI undergoes corrosion. Notably, S sites exhibit higher reactivity compared to the sites typically present on the surface of (n)ZVI oxidized in water. Additionally, S sites protect nearby Fe sites against oxidation and make them more selective for direct electron transfer. Overall, our results reveal that the reactivity of sulfidated (n)ZVI is governed by an interplay of intrinsic inhibitory effects and corrosion protection. A deeper understanding of these phenomena may provide new insights into the selectivity of sulfidated (n)ZVI for specific contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute
of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße
82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University
of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute
of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße
82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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5
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Giunchi A, Pandolfi L, Della Valle RG, Salzillo T, Venuti E, Girlando A. Lattice Dynamics of Quinacridone Polymorphs: A Combined Raman and Computational Approach. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6765-6773. [PMID: 37692334 PMCID: PMC10485816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarized low-frequency Raman microscopy and a posteriori dispersion-corrected density functional simulations are combined to investigate the lattice vibrations of the αI, β, and γ polymorphs of the model organic semiconductor quinacridone, which are known to display different optical and electronic properties. The comparison between experiments and calculations allows for unambiguous mode assignment and identification of the scattering crystal faces. Conversely, the agreement between simulations and experiments validates the adopted computational methods, which correctly describe the intermolecular interaction of the molecular material. The acquired knowledge of quinacridone lattice dynamics is used to describe the αI to β thermal transition and, most consequentially, to reliably characterize the electron-lattice phonon coupling strength of the three polymorphs, obtaining hints about the electrical transport mechanism of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giunchi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Pandolfi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele G. Della Valle
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento, 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Girlando
- Molecular
Materials Group, Strada
Fontanini 68, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Jaykhedkar N, Bystrický R, Sýkora M, Bučko T. How the Temperature and Composition Govern the Structure and Band Gap of Zr-Based Chalcogenide Perovskites: Insights from ML Accelerated AIMD. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12480-12492. [PMID: 37495216 PMCID: PMC10410608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of temperature and composition on the structural and electronic properties of chalcogenide perovskite (CP) materials AZrX3 (A = Ba, Sr, Ca; X = S, Se) in the distorted perovskite (DP) phase are investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) accelerated by machine-learned force fields. Long-range van der Waals (vdW) interactions, incorporated into the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) exchange-correlation functional using the DFT-D3 scheme, are found to be crucial for achieving correct predictions of structural parameters. Our calculations show that the distortion of the DP structure with respect to the parent cubic (C) phase, realized in the form of interoctahedral tilting, decreases with the increasing size of the A cations. The tendency for a gradual transformation of the DP-to-C phase with increasing temperature is shown to be strongly composition-dependent. The transformation temperature decreases with the size of cation A and increases with the size of anion X. Thus, within the range of the temperatures considered here (300-1200 K), a complete transformation is observed only for BaZrS3 (∼600 K) and BaZrSe3 (∼900 K). The computed band gap of CPs is shown to monotonically decrease with increasing temperature, and the magnitude of this decrease is found to be proportional to the extent of the thermally induced changes in the internal structure. Diverse factors affecting the magnitude of band gaps of CP materials are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Jaykhedkar
- Laboratory
of Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Roman Bystrický
- Laboratory
of Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of
Sciences, Dúbravská
Cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milan Sýkora
- Laboratory
of Advanced Materials, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of
Sciences, Dúbravská
Cesta 9, 842 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Comenius
University, Ilkovičova
6, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kendrick J, Burnett AD. Exploring the Stability and Disorder in the Polymorphs of L-Cysteine through Density Functional Theory and Vibrational Spectroscopy. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:5734-5747. [PMID: 37547886 PMCID: PMC10401577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Static and dynamic density functional calculations are reported for the four known polymorphs of l-cysteine. Static calculations are used to explore the relative free energies (within the harmonic approximation) of the polymorphs as a function of pressure. An important feature of the structural differences between the polymorphs is shown to be the dihedral angle of the C-C-S-H bond. It is shown that, by varying this angle, it is possible to move between hydrogen bonding motifs S-H···S and S-H···O in all four polymorphs. The energetics for dihedral angle rotation are explored, and the barriers for rotation between the hydrogen bonding motifs have been calculated for each polymorph. Two possible models for the experimental disorder observed in Form I at room temperature are explored using both static and dynamic methods; a domain disorder model, where the disorder is localized, and a dispersed disorder model, where the disorder is randomly distributed throughout the crystal. Molecular dynamics calculations show transitions between the two hydrogen bonding motifs occurring in the dispersed disorder model at 300 and 350 K. In addition, molecular dynamics calculations of Form IV also showed the onset of hydrogen bond disorder at 300 K. Calculations of the predicted infrared and terahertz absorption are performed for both the static and dynamic simulations, and the results are compared with experimental results to understand the influence of disorder on the observed spectra.
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8
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Amsler J, Plessow PN, Studt F, Bučko T. Anharmonic Correction to Free Energy Barriers from DFT-Based Molecular Dynamics Using Constrained Thermodynamic Integration. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2455-2468. [PMID: 37043693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
For the calculation of anharmonic contributions to free energy barriers, constrained thermodynamic λ-path integration (λ-TI) from a harmonic reference force field to density functional theory is presented as an alternative to the established Blue Moon ensemble method (ξ-TI), in which free energy gradients along the reaction coordinate ξ are integrated. With good agreement in all cases, the λ-TI method is benchmarked against the ξ-TI method for several reactions, including the internal CH3 group rotation in ethane, a nucleophilic substitution of CH3Cl, a retro-Diels-Alder reaction, and a proton transfer in zeolite H-SSZ-13. An advantage of λ-TI is that one can use virtually any reference state to compute anharmonic contributions to reaction free energies or free energy barriers. This is particularly relevant for catalysis, where it is now possible to compute anharmonic corrections to the free energy of a transition state relative to any reference, for example, the most stable state of the active site and the reactants in the gas phase. This is in contrast to ξ-TI, where free energy barriers can only be computed relative to an initial state with all reactants coadsorbed. Finally, the Bennett acceptance ratio method combined with λ-TI is demonstrated to reduce the number of required integration grid points with tolerable accuracy, favoring thus λ-TI over ξ-TI in terms of computational efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Amsler
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp N Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Brumovský M, Micić V, Oborná J, Filip J, Hofmann T, Tunega D. Iron nitride nanoparticles for rapid dechlorination of mixed chlorinated ethene contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:129988. [PMID: 36155299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidation and, more recently, nitriding have been recognized as promising modifications to enhance the selectivity of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles for trichloroethene (TCE). Herein, we investigated the performance of iron nitride (FexN) nanoparticles in the removal of a broader range of chlorinated ethenes (CEs), including tetrachloroethene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE), and their mixture with TCE, and compared it to the performance of sulfidated nZVI (S-nZVI) prepared from the same precursor nZVI. Two distinct types of iron nitride (FexN) nanoparticles, containing γ'-Fe4N and ε-Fe2-3N phases, exhibited substantially higher PCE and cis-DCE dechlorination rates compared to S-nZVI. A similar effect was observed with a CE mixture, which was completely dechlorinated by both types of FexN nanoparticles within 10 days, whereas S-nZVI was able to remove only about half of the amount, most of which being TCE. Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the cleavage of the first C-Cl bond was the rate-limiting step for all CEs dechlorinated on the γ'-Fe4N(001) surface, with the reaction barriers of PCE and cis-DCE being 29.9, and 40.8 kJ mol-1, respectively. FexN nanoparticles proved to be highly effective in the remediation of PCE, cis-DCE, and mixed CE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Brumovský
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest, and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Vesna Micić
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Oborná
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Department of Environmental Geosciences (EDGE), Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, UZA II, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Tunega
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Forest, and Soil Sciences, Institute of Soil Research, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Application of DFT Calculations in Designing Polymer-Based Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091972. [PMID: 36145719 PMCID: PMC9505803 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems transfer medications to target locations throughout the body. These systems are often made up of biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymers acting as delivery components. The introduction of density functional theory (DFT) has tremendously aided the application of computational material science in the design and development of drug delivery materials. The use of DFT and other computational approaches avoids time-consuming empirical processes. Therefore, this review explored how the DFT computation may be utilized to explain some of the features of polymer-based drug delivery systems. First, we went through the key aspects of DFT and provided some context. Then we looked at the essential characteristics of a polymer-based drug delivery system that DFT simulations could predict. We observed that the Gaussian software had been extensively employed by researchers, particularly with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d, p) basic sets for polymer-based drug delivery systems. However, to give researchers a choice of basis set for modelling complicated organic systems, such as polymer–drug complexes, we then offered possible resources and presented the future trend.
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11
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Moravcik I, Zelený M, Dlouhy A, Hadraba H, Moravcikova-Gouvea L, Papež P, Fikar O, Dlouhy I, Raabe D, Li Z. Impact of interstitial elements on the stacking fault energy of an equiatomic CoCrNi medium entropy alloy: theory and experiments. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:376-392. [PMID: 36081838 PMCID: PMC9448438 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2080512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of interstitial N and C on the stacking fault energy (SFE) of an equiatomic CoCrNi medium entropy alloy. Results of computer modeling were compared to tensile deformation and electron microscopy data. Both N and C in solid solution increase the SFE of the face-centered cubic (FCC) alloy matrix at room temperature, with the former having a more significant effect by 240% for 0.5 at % N. Total energy calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) as well as thermodynamic modeling of the Gibbs free energy with the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method reveal a stabilizing effect of N and C interstitials on the FCC lattice with respect to the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) CoCrNi-X (X: N, C) lattice. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements of the width of dissociated ½<110> dislocations suggest that the SFE of CoCrNi increases from 22 to 42-44 mJ·m-2 after doping the alloy with 0.5 at. % interstitial N. The higher SFE reduces the nucleation rates of twins, leading to an increase in the critical stress required to trigger deformation twinning, an effect which can be used to design load-dependent strain hardening response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Moravcik
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
- Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Zelený
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Dlouhy
- Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Hadraba
- Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Larissa Moravcikova-Gouvea
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Papež
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Fikar
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Dlouhy
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, NETME Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics of Materials of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dierk Raabe
- Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhiming Li
- Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Gešvandtnerová M, Bučko T, Raybaud P, Chizallet C. Monomolecular mechanisms of isobutanol conversion to butenes catalyzed by acidic zeolites: alcohol isomerization as a key to the production of linear butenes. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Brenner T, Grumet M, Till P, Asher M, Zeier WG, Egger DA, Yaffe O. Anharmonic Lattice Dynamics in Sodium Ion Conductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:5938-5945. [PMID: 35731950 PMCID: PMC9251760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We employ terahertz-range temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy and first-principles lattice dynamical calculations to show that the undoped sodium ion conductors Na3PS4 and isostructural Na3PSe4 both exhibit anharmonic lattice dynamics. The anharmonic effects in the compounds involve coupled host lattice-Na+ ion dynamics that drive the tetragonal-to-cubic phase transition in both cases, but with a qualitative difference in the anharmonic character of the transition. Na3PSe4 shows an almost purely displacive character with the soft modes disappearing in the cubic phase as the change in symmetry shifts these modes to the Raman-inactive Brillouin zone boundary. Na3PS4 instead shows an order-disorder character in the cubic phase, with the soft modes persisting through the phase transition and remaining Raman active in the cubic phase, violating Raman selection rules for that phase. Our findings highlight the important role of coupled host lattice-mobile ion dynamics in vibrational instabilities that are coincident with the exceptional conductivity of these Na+ ion conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
M. Brenner
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Manuel Grumet
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Paul Till
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maor Asher
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Wolfgang G. Zeier
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David A. Egger
- Department
of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann
Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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14
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Giunchi A, Pandolfi L, Salzillo T, Brillante A, Della Valle RG, d'Agostino S, Venuti E. Visualizing a SCSC [2 + 2] photodimerization through its lattice dynamics: an experimental and theoretical investigation. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200168. [PMID: 35393755 PMCID: PMC9325048 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In homogeneous solid‐state reactions, the single‐crystal nature of the starting material remains unchanged, and the system evolves seamlessly through a series of solid solutions of reactant and product. Among [2+2] photodimerizations of cinnamic acid derivatives in the solid state, those involving salts of the 4‐aminocinnamic acid have been recognized to proceed homogeneously in a “single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal” fashion by X‐ray diffraction techniques. Here the bromide salt of this compound class is taken as a model system in a Raman spectroscopy study at low wavelengths, to understand how such a mechanism defines the trend of the crystal lattice vibrations during the reaction. Vibrational mode calculations, based on dispersion corrected DFT simulations of the crystal lattices involved in the transformation, have assisted the interpretation of the experiments. Such an approach has allowed us to clarify the spectral signatures and to establish a correlation between the dynamics of the monomer and dimer systems in a process where chemical progress and crystal structural changes are demonstrated to occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giunchi
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Lorenzo Pandolfi
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento, 40136, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Aldo Brillante
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Raffaele Guido Della Valle
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Simone d'Agostino
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi 2, Bologna, ITALY
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna: Universita di Bologna, Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136, Bologna, ITALY
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15
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Galimberti DR, Sauer J. Chemically Accurate Vibrational Free Energies of Adsorption from Density Functional Theory Molecular Dynamics: Alkanes in Zeolites. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:5849-5862. [PMID: 34459582 PMCID: PMC8444336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We present a methodology
to compute, at reduced computational cost,
Gibbs free energies, enthalpies, and entropies of adsorption from
molecular dynamics. We calculate vibrational partition functions from
vibrational energies, which we obtain from the vibrational density
of states by projection on the normal modes. The use of a set of well-chosen
reference structures along the trajectories accounts for the anharmonicities
of the modes. For the adsorption of methane, ethane, and propane in
the H-CHA zeolite, we limit our treatment to a set of vibrational
modes localized at the adsorption site (zeolitic OH group) and the
alkane molecule interacting with it. Only two short trajectories (1–20
ps) are required to reach convergence (<1 kJ/mol) for the thermodynamic
functions. The mean absolute deviations from the experimentally measured
values are 2.6, 2.8, and 4.7 kJ/mol for the Gibbs free energy, the
enthalpy, and the entropy term (−TΔS),
respectively. In particular, the entropy terms show a major improvement
compared to the harmonic approximation and almost reach the accuracy
of the previous use of anharmonic frequencies obtained with curvilinear
distortions of individual modes. The thermodynamic functions so obtained
follow the trend of the experimental values for methane, ethane, and
propane, and the Gibbs free energy of adsorption at experimental conditions
is correctly predicted to change from positive for methane (5.9 kJ/mol)
to negative for ethane (−4.8 kJ/mol) and propane (−7.1
kJ/mol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ruth Galimberti
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität, Unter den Linden 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität, Unter den Linden 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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16
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Qin Z, Zeng S, Melinte G, Bučko T, Badawi M, Shen Y, Gilson JP, Ersen O, Wei Y, Liu Z, Liu X, Yan Z, Xu S, Valtchev V, Mintova S. Understanding the Fundamentals of Microporosity Upgrading in Zeolites: Increasing Diffusion and Catalytic Performances. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100001. [PMID: 34219412 PMCID: PMC8425932 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical zeolites are regarded as promising catalysts due to their well-developed porosity, increased accessible surface area, and minimal diffusion constraints. Thus far, the focus has been on the creation of mesopores in zeolites, however, little is known about a microporosity upgrading and its effect on the diffusion and catalytic performance. Here the authors show that the "birth" of mesopore formation in faujasite (FAU) type zeolite starts by removing framework T atoms from the sodalite (SOD) cages followed by propagation throughout the crystals. This is evidenced by following the diffusion of xenon (Xe) in the mesoporous FAU zeolite prepared by unbiased leaching with NH4 F in comparison to the pristine FAU zeolite. A new diffusion pathway for the Xe in the mesoporous zeolite is proposed. Xenon first penetrates through the opened SOD cages and then diffuses to supercages of the mesoporous zeolite. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that Xe diffusion between SOD cage and supercage occurs only in hierarchical FAU structure with defect-contained six-member-ring separating these two types of cages. The catalytic performance of the mesoporous FAU zeolite further indicates that the upgraded microporosity facilitates the intracrystalline molecular traffic and increases the catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shu Zeng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Georgian Melinte
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, Strasbourg, F-67034, France
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Bratislava, SK-84215, Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, SK-84236, Slovakia
| | - Michael Badawi
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR 7019, CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Yanfeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Jean-Pierre Gilson
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Ovidiu Ersen
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess BP 43, Strasbourg, F-67034, France
| | - Yingxu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Zifeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Methanol to Olefins, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Valentin Valtchev
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
| | - Svetlana Mintova
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Laboratoire Catalyse et Spectrochimie, 6 Boulevard Maréchal Juin, Caen, 14050, France
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17
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Chong X, Shang SL, Krajewski AM, Shimanek JD, Du W, Wang Y, Feng J, Shin D, Beese AM, Liu ZK. Correlation analysis of materials properties by machine learning: illustrated with stacking fault energy from first-principles calculations in dilute fcc-based alloys. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:295702. [PMID: 34132202 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in machine learning (ML), especially in the cooperation between ML predictions, density functional theory (DFT) based first-principles calculations, and experimental verification are emerging as a key part of a new paradigm to understand fundamentals, verify, analyze, and predict data, and design and discover materials. Taking stacking fault energy (γSFE) as an example, we perform a correlation analysis ofγSFEin dilute Al-, Ni-, and Pt-based alloys by descriptors and ML algorithms. TheseγSFEvalues were predicted by DFT-based alias shear deformation approach, and up to 49 elemental descriptors and 21 regression algorithms were examined. The present work indicates that (i) the variation ofγSFEaffected by alloying elements can be quantified through 14 elemental attributes based on their statistical significances to decrease the mean absolute error (MAE) in ML predictions, and in particular, the number of p valence electrons, a descriptor second only to the covalent radius in importance to model performance, is unexpected; (ii) the alloys with elements close to Ni and Co in the periodic table possess higherγSFEvalues; (iii) the top four outliers of DFT predictions ofγSFEare for the alloys of Al23La, Pt23Au, Ni23Co, and Al23Be based on the analyses of statistical differences between DFT and ML predictions; and (iv) the best ML model to predictγSFEis produced by Gaussian process regression with an average MAE < 8 mJ m-2. Beyond detailed analysis of the Al-, Ni-, and Pt-based alloys, we also predict theγSFEvalues using the present ML models in other fcc-based dilute alloys (i.e., Cu, Ag, Au, Rh, Pd, and Ir) with the expected MAE < 17 mJ m-2and observe similar effects of alloying elements onγSFEas those in Pt23X or Ni23X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chong
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, People's Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Shun-Li Shang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Adam M Krajewski
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - John D Shimanek
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Weihang Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Jing Feng
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongwon Shin
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Allison M Beese
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
| | - Zi-Kui Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
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18
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Xu J, Cao XM, Hu P. Perspective on computational reaction prediction using machine learning methods in heterogeneous catalysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11155-11179. [PMID: 33972971 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01349a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis plays a significant role in the modern chemical industry. Towards the rational design of novel catalysts, understanding reactions over surfaces is the most essential aspect. Typical industrial catalytic processes such as syngas conversion and methane utilisation can generate a large reaction network comprising thousands of intermediates and reaction pairs. This complexity not only arises from the permutation of transformations between species but also from the extra reaction channels offered by distinct surface sites. Despite the success in investigating surface reactions at the atomic scale, the huge computational expense of ab initio methods hinders the exploration of such complicated reaction networks. With the proliferation of catalysis studies, machine learning as an emerging tool can take advantage of the accumulated reaction data to emulate the output of ab initio methods towards swift reaction prediction. Here, we briefly summarise the conventional workflow of reaction prediction, including reaction network generation, ab initio thermodynamics and microkinetic modelling. An overview of the frequently used regression models in machine learning is presented. As a promising alternative to full ab initio calculations, machine learning interatomic potentials are highlighted. Furthermore, we survey applications assisted by these methods for accelerating reaction prediction, exploring reaction networks, and computational catalyst design. Finally, we envisage future directions in computationally investigating reactions and implementing machine learning algorithms in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Xiao-Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - P Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
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19
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Ge L, Qiu H, Li H, Bo M, Huang Z, Li L, Yao C. Electronic and magnetic properties of twisted silver and palladium nanorods using density functional theory. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Hofmann OT, Zojer E, Hörmann L, Jeindl A, Maurer RJ. First-principles calculations of hybrid inorganic-organic interfaces: from state-of-the-art to best practice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8132-8180. [PMID: 33875987 PMCID: PMC8237233 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06605b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The computational characterization of inorganic-organic hybrid interfaces is arguably one of the technically most challenging applications of density functional theory. Due to the fundamentally different electronic properties of the inorganic and the organic components of a hybrid interface, the proper choice of the electronic structure method, of the algorithms to solve these methods, and of the parameters that enter these algorithms is highly non-trivial. In fact, computational choices that work well for one of the components often perform poorly for the other. As a consequence, default settings for one materials class are typically inadequate for the hybrid system, which makes calculations employing such settings inefficient and sometimes even prone to erroneous results. To address this issue, we discuss how to choose appropriate atomistic representations for the system under investigation, we highlight the role of the exchange-correlation functional and the van der Waals correction employed in the calculation and we provide tips and tricks how to efficiently converge the self-consistent field cycle and to obtain accurate geometries. We particularly focus on potentially unexpected pitfalls and the errors they incur. As a summary, we provide a list of best practice rules for interface simulations that should especially serve as a useful starting point for less experienced users and newcomers to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Hofmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Lukas Hörmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Jeindl
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
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21
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Amsler J, Plessow PN, Studt F, Bučko T. Anharmonic Correction to Adsorption Free Energy from DFT-Based MD Using Thermodynamic Integration. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:1155-1169. [PMID: 33482059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption processes are often governed by weak interactions for which the estimation of entropy contributions by means of the harmonic approximation is prone to be inaccurate. Thermodynamic integration (TI) from the harmonic to the fully interacting system (λ-path integration) can be used to compute anharmonic corrections. Here, we combine TI with (curvilinear) internal coordinates in periodic systems to make the formalism available in computational studies. Our implementation of ab initio molecular dynamics in VASP is independent of the reaction path and can be thus applied to study adsorption processes relative to the gas phase and does hence provide a useful tool for computational catalysis. We discuss the application of the approach on three model systems for which exact semianalytical solutions exist and illustrate and quantify the importance of anharmonic vibrations, hindered rotations, and hindered translations (dissociation). Eventually, we apply the method to study the adsorption of small adsorbates in a zeolite (H-SSZ-13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Amsler
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Philipp N Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
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22
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Molecular modeling of MCPA herbicide adsorption by goethite (110) surface in dependence of pH. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Asher M, Angerer D, Korobko R, Diskin-Posner Y, Egger DA, Yaffe O. Anharmonic Lattice Vibrations in Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1908028. [PMID: 32003507 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201908028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intermolecular lattice vibrations in small-molecule organic semiconductors have a strong impact on their functional properties. Existing models treat the lattice vibrations within the harmonic approximation. In this work, polarization-orientation (PO) Raman measurements are used to monitor the temperature-evolution of the symmetry of lattice vibrations in anthracene and pentacene single crystals. Combined with first-principles calculations, it is shown that at 10 K, the lattice dynamics of the crystals are indeed harmonic. However, as the temperature is increased, specific lattice modes gradually lose their PO dependence and become more liquid-like. This finding is indicative of a dynamic symmetry breaking of the crystal structure and shows clear evidence of the strongly anharmonic nature of these vibrations. Pentacene also shows an apparent phase transition between 80 and 150 K, indicated by a change in the vibrational symmetry of one of the lattice modes. These findings lay the groundwork for accurate predictions of the electronic properties of high-mobility organic semiconductors at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Asher
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Daniel Angerer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roman Korobko
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Diskin-Posner
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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24
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Zhang G, Hirsch A, Shmul G, Avram L, Elad N, Brumfeld V, Pinkas I, Feldman Y, Ben Asher R, Palmer BA, Kronik L, Leiserowitz L, Weiner S, Addadi L. Guanine and 7,8-Dihydroxanthopterin Reflecting Crystals in the Zander Fish Eye: Crystal Locations, Compositions, and Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19736-19745. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhang
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anna Hirsch
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Guy Shmul
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Liat Avram
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Vlad Brumfeld
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Iddo Pinkas
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yishay Feldman
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Raz Ben Asher
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Benjamin A. Palmer
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Leslie Leiserowitz
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lia Addadi
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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25
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Giunchi A, Rivalta A, Bedoya-Martínez N, Schrode B, Braun DE, Werzer O, Venuti E, Della Valle RG. Surface Induced Phenytoin Polymorph. 2. Structure Validation by Comparing Experimental and Density Functional Theory Raman Spectra. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2019; 19:6067-6073. [PMID: 33828438 PMCID: PMC8016182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for structure solution in thin films that combines grazing incidence X-ray diffraction data analysis and crystal structure prediction was presented in a recent work (Braun et al. Cryst. Growth Des.2019, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00857). Applied to phenytoin form II, which is only detected in films, the approach gave a very reasonable, but not fully confirmed, candidate structure with Z = 4 and Z' = 2. In the present work, we demonstrate how, by calculating and measuring the crystal Raman spectrum in the low wavenumber energy region with the aim of validating the candidate structure, this can be further refined. In fact, we find it to correspond to a saddle point of the energy landscape of the system, from which a minimum of lower symmetry may be reached. With the new structure, with Z = 4 and Z' = 2, we finally obtain an excellent agreement between experimental and calculated Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giunchi
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Rivalta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Benedikt Schrode
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Doris E. Braun
- Institute
of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oliver Werzer
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Guido Della Valle
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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26
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Rey J, Raybaud P, Chizallet C, Bučko T. Competition of Secondary versus Tertiary Carbenium Routes for the Type B Isomerization of Alkenes over Acid Zeolites Quantified by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Rey
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize−BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Pascal Raybaud
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize−BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Céline Chizallet
- IFP Energies Nouvelles, Rond-Point de l’Echangeur de Solaize−BP 3, 69360 Solaize, France
| | - Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK- 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
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27
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Rey J, Gomez A, Raybaud P, Chizallet C, Bučko T. On the origin of the difference between type A and type B skeletal isomerization of alkenes catalyzed by zeolites: The crucial input of ab initio molecular dynamics. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Nishimura Y, Nakai H. D
cdftbmd
: Divide‐and‐Conquer Density Functional Tight‐Binding Program for Huge‐System Quantum Mechanical Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:1538-1549. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐8555 Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐8555 Japan
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistrySchool of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University 3‐4‐1 Okubo, Shinjuku‐ku, Tokyo 169‐8555 Japan
- ESICB, Kyoto University Kyotodaigaku‐Katsura, Kyoto 615‐8520 Japan
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29
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Nyman J, Yu L, Reutzel-Edens SM. Accuracy and reproducibility in crystal structure prediction: the curious case of ROY. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of excessive electron delocalization, the polymorphs of ROY constitute a surprisingly challenging system for crystal structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nyman
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Madison
- USA
- Small Molecule Design & Development
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Wisconsin – Madison
- Madison
- USA
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30
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Bučko T. Transition state optimization of periodic systems using delocalized internal coordinates. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Loboda OA, Dolgonos GA, Boese AD. Towards hybrid density functional calculations of molecular crystals via fragment-based methods. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:124104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5046908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr A. Loboda
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Grygoriy A. Dolgonos
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - A. Daniel Boese
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28/IV, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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32
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Abstract
Using density functional theory, the structural and electronic-structure properties of a recently discovered, zero-dimensional antimony halide perovskite are studied. It is found that the herein considered material EtPySbBr6 exhibits very promising electronic-structure properties: a direct band gap close to the peak of the solar spectrum and effective masses allowing for efficient carrier transport of electrons in particular. These results are rationalized by analysis of the electronic structure, which reveals the formation of intermediate bands due to orbital-hybridization effects of the Sb s-states. This study shows that the formation of intermediate bands can lead to highly favorable electronic-structure properties of zero-dimensional perovskites and discusses the possibility of fabricating lead-free halide perovskites with promising optoelectronic properties by targeted substitution of ions and emergence of intermediate bands. These insights are important when understanding and further enhancing the capabilities of antimony and other promising lead-free compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Egger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics , University of Regensburg , 93040 Regensburg , Germany
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33
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Bedoya-Martínez N, Giunchi A, Salzillo T, Venuti E, Della Valle RG, Zojer E. Toward a Reliable Description of the Lattice Vibrations in Organic Molecular Crystals: The Impact of van der Waals Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:4380-4390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bedoya-Martínez
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Giunchi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Salzillo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Venuti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Raffaele Guido Della Valle
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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34
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Verwüster E, Wruss E, Zojer E, Hofmann OT. Exploring the driving forces behind the structural assembly of biphenylthiolates on Au(111). J Chem Phys 2018; 147:024706. [PMID: 28711043 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we use dispersion-corrected density functional theory to study inter- and intramolecular interactions in a prototypical self-assembled monolayer (SAM) consisting of biphenylthiolates bonded to Au(111) via thiolate groups. The goal is to identify the nature of the interactions that drive the monolayer into a specific conformation. Particular focus is laid on sampling realistic structures rather than high symmetry model configurations. This is achieved by studying conceptually different local minimum structures of the SAM that are obtained via exploring the potential energy surface from systematically varied starting geometries. The six obtained packing motifs differ in the relative arrangement of the two molecules in the unit cell (co-planar versus herringbone) and in the intramolecular configuration (twisted versus planar rings). We find that van der Waals interactions within the organic adsorbate and between the adsorbate and substrate are the main reason that these molecular assemblies can form stable structures at all. The van der Waals interactions are, however, very similar for all observed motifs; by analyzing various types of interactions in the course of three notional SAM-formation steps, we find that the main driving force stabilizing the actual global minimum structure originates from electrostatic interactions between the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Verwüster
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Wruss
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver T Hofmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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35
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Le MH, Tieu AK, Zhu H, Ta DT, Yu H, Ta TTH, Tran VN, Wan S. Depolymerization of sodium polyphosphates on an iron oxide surface at high temperature. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7819-7835. [PMID: 29505041 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08364e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and first principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) studies of pyrophosphate cluster Na4P2O7 and triphosphate cluster Na5P3O10 absorbed and decomposed on an Fe2O3(0001) surface have been conducted. Comparative analyses of the structure properties and adsorption processes during the simulation at elevated temperature have been carried out. The results depict the key interactions including the covalent P-O bonds, pure ionic Na-O or Fe-O interactions. The iron oxide surface plays an important role in the bridging bond decomposition scheme which can both promote and suppress phosphate depolymerization. It is found that the chain length of polyphosphates does not have considerable effects on the decomposition of phosphate clusters. This study provides detailed insights into the interaction of a phosphate cluster on an iron oxide surface at high temperature, and in particular the depolymerization/polymerization of an inorganic phosphate glass lubricant, which has an important behavior under hot metal forming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Le
- School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfield Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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36
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Plessow PN. Efficient Transition State Optimization of Periodic Structures through Automated Relaxed Potential Energy Surface Scans. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:981-990. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp N. Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology (IKFT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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37
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Baby A, Gruenewald M, Zwick C, Otto F, Forker R, van Straaten G, Franke M, Stadtmüller B, Kumpf C, Brivio GP, Fratesi G, Fritz T, Zojer E. Fully Atomistic Understanding of the Electronic and Optical Properties of a Prototypical Doped Charge-Transfer Interface. ACS NANO 2017; 11:10495-10508. [PMID: 28902494 PMCID: PMC5656979 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study generates profound atomistic insights into doping-induced changes of the optical and electronic properties of the prototypical PTCDA/Ag(111) interface. For doping K atoms are used, as KxPTCDA/Ag(111) has the distinct advantage of forming well-defined stoichiometric phases. To arrive at a conclusive, unambiguous, and fully atomistic understanding of the interface properties, we combine state-of-the-art density-functional theory calculations with optical differential reflectance data, photoelectron spectra, and X-ray standing wave measurements. In combination with the full structural characterization of the KxPTCDA/Ag(111) interface by low-energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments (ACS Nano 2016, 10, 2365-2374), the present comprehensive study provides access to a fully characterized reference system for a well-defined metal-organic interface in the presence of dopant atoms, which can serve as an ideal benchmark for future research and applications. The combination of the employed complementary techniques allows us to understand the peculiarities of the optical spectra of K2PTCDA/Ag(111) and their counterintuitive similarity to those of neutral PTCDA layers. They also clearly describe the transition from a metallic character of the (pristine) adsorbed PTCDA layer on Ag(111) to a semiconducting state upon doping, which is the opposite of the effect (degenerate) doping usually has on semiconducting materials. All experimental and theoretical efforts also unanimously reveal a reduced electronic coupling between the adsorbate and the substrate, which goes hand in hand with an increasing adsorption distance of the PTCDA molecules caused by a bending of their carboxylic oxygens away from the substrate and toward the potassium atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Baby
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Zwick
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Otto
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerben van Straaten
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)−Fundamentals of Future Information
Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Markus Franke
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)−Fundamentals of Future Information
Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stadtmüller
- Department
of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS, University of Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Graduate
School of Excellence Materials Science in Mainz, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straβe 46, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Christian Kumpf
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)−Fundamentals of Future Information
Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gian Paolo Brivio
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria
16, 20133 Milano, Italy
- E-mail:
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
- E-mail:
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
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38
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Krautgasser K, Panosetti C, Palagin D, Reuter K, Maurer RJ. Global structure search for molecules on surfaces: Efficient sampling with curvilinear coordinates. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:084117. [PMID: 27586914 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient structure search is a major challenge in computational materials science. We present a modification of the basin hopping global geometry optimization approach that uses a curvilinear coordinate system to describe global trial moves. This approach has recently been shown to be efficient in structure determination of clusters [C. Panosetti et al., Nano Lett. 15, 8044-8048 (2015)] and is here extended for its application to covalent, complex molecules and large adsorbates on surfaces. The employed automatically constructed delocalized internal coordinates are similar to molecular vibrations, which enhances the generation of chemically meaningful trial structures. By introducing flexible constraints and local translation and rotation of independent geometrical subunits, we enable the use of this method for molecules adsorbed on surfaces and interfaces. For two test systems, trans-β-ionylideneacetic acid adsorbed on a Au(111) surface and methane adsorbed on a Ag(111) surface, we obtain superior performance of the method compared to standard optimization moves based on Cartesian coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Krautgasser
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chiara Panosetti
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dennis Palagin
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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39
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Hehn I, Schuster S, Wächter T, Abu-Husein T, Terfort A, Zharnikov M, Zojer E. Employing X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Determining Layer Homogeneity in Mixed Polar Self-Assembled Monolayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2994-3000. [PMID: 27429041 PMCID: PMC4976398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing embedded dipolar groups offer the particular advantage of changing the electronic properties of a surface without affecting the SAM-ambient interface. Here we show that such systems can also be used for continuously tuning metal work functions by growing mixed monolayers consisting of molecules with different orientations of the embedded dipolar groups. To avoid injection hot-spots when using the SAM-modified electrodes in devices, a homogeneous mixing of the two components is crucial. We show that a combination of high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with state-of-the-art simulations is an ideal tool for probing the electrostatic homogeneity of the layers and thus for determining phase separation processes in polar adsorbate assemblies down to inhomogeneities at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Hehn
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Swen Schuster
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tarek Abu-Husein
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Terfort
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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40
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Endres J, Egger D, Kulbak M, Kerner RA, Zhao L, Silver SH, Hodes G, Rand BP, Cahen D, Kronik L, Kahn A. Valence and Conduction Band Densities of States of Metal Halide Perovskites: A Combined Experimental-Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2722-9. [PMID: 27364125 PMCID: PMC4959026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report valence and conduction band densities of states measured via ultraviolet and inverse photoemission spectroscopies on three metal halide perovskites, specifically methylammonium lead iodide and bromide and cesium lead bromide (MAPbI3, MAPbBr3, CsPbBr3), grown at two different institutions on different substrates. These are compared with theoretical densities of states (DOS) calculated via density functional theory. The qualitative agreement achieved between experiment and theory leads to the identification of valence and conduction band spectral features, and allows a precise determination of the position of the band edges, ionization energy and electron affinity of the materials. The comparison reveals an unusually low DOS at the valence band maximum (VBM) of these compounds, which confirms and generalizes previous predictions of strong band dispersion and low DOS at the MAPbI3 VBM. This low DOS calls for special attention when using electron spectroscopy to determine the frontier electronic states of lead halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Endres
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David
A. Egger
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Kulbak
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Ross A. Kerner
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Lianfeng Zhao
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Scott H. Silver
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Barry P. Rand
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David Cahen
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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41
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Dastidar S, Egger DA, Tan LZ, Cromer SB, Dillon AD, Liu S, Kronik L, Rappe AM, Fafarman AT. High Chloride Doping Levels Stabilize the Perovskite Phase of Cesium Lead Iodide. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:3563-70. [PMID: 27135266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead iodide possesses an excellent combination of band gap and absorption coefficient for photovoltaic applications in its perovskite phase. However, this is not its equilibrium structure under ambient conditions. In air, at ambient temperature it rapidly transforms to a nonfunctional, so-called yellow phase. Here we show that chloride doping, particularly at levels near the solubility limit for chloride in a cesium lead iodide host, provides a new approach to stabilizing the functional perovskite phase. In order to achieve high doping levels, we first co-deposit colloidal nanocrystals of pure cesium lead chloride and cesium lead iodide, thereby ensuring nanometer-scale mixing even at compositions that potentially exceed the bulk miscibility of the two phases. The resulting nanocrystal solid is subsequently fused into a polycrystalline thin film by chemically induced, room-temperature sintering. Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate that the chloride is further dispersed during sintering and a polycrystalline mixed phase is formed. Using density functional theory (DFT) methods in conjunction with nudged elastic band techniques, low-energy pathways for interstitial chlorine diffusion into a majority-iodide lattice were identified, consistent with the facile diffusion and fast halide exchange reactions observed. By comparison to DFT-calculated values (with the PBE exchange-correlation functional), the relative change in band gap and the lattice contraction are shown to be consistent with a Cl/I ratio of a few percent in the mixed phase. At these incorporation levels, the half-life of the functional perovskite phase in a humid atmosphere increases by more than an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Dastidar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Liang Z Tan
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Samuel B Cromer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andrew D Dillon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Shi Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Washington, DC 20015, United States
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Aaron T Fafarman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University , 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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42
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Wruss E, Hofmann O, Egger DA, Verwüster E, Gerlach A, Schreiber F, Zojer E. Adsorption Behavior of Nonplanar Phthalocyanines: Competition of Different Adsorption Conformations. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:6869-6875. [PMID: 27066160 PMCID: PMC4819946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory augmented with state-of-the-art van der Waals corrections, we studied the geometric and electronic properties of nonplanar chlorogallium-phthalocyanine GaClPc molecules adsorbed on Cu(111). Comparing these results with published experimental data for adsorption heights, we found indications for breaking of the metal-halogen bond when the molecule is heated during or after the deposition process. Interestingly, the work-function change induced by this dissociated geometry is the same as that computed for an intact adsorbate layer in the "Cl-down" configuration, with both agreeing well with the experimental photoemission data. This is unexpected, as the chemical natures of the adsorbates and the adsorption distances are markedly different in the two cases. The observation is explained as a consequence of Fermi-level pinning due to fractional charge transfer at the interface. Our results show that rationalizing the adsorption configurations on the basis of electronic interface properties alone can be ambiguous and that additional insight from dispersion-corrected DFT simulations is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wruss
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver
T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David A. Egger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Verwüster
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Gerlach
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut
für Angewandte Physik, Universität
Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail:
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43
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Zwick C, Baby A, Gruenewald M, Verwüster E, Hofmann OT, Forker R, Fratesi G, Brivio GP, Zojer E, Fritz T. Complex Stoichiometry-Dependent Reordering of 3,4,9,10-Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride on Ag(111) upon K Intercalation. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2365-74. [PMID: 26718635 PMCID: PMC4768340 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Alkali metal atoms are frequently used for simple yet efficient n-type doping of organic semiconductors and as an ingredient of the recently discovered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon superconductors. However, the incorporation of dopants from the gas phase into molecular crystal structures needs to be controlled and well understood in order to optimize the electronic properties (charge carrier density and mobility) of the target material. Here, we report that potassium intercalation into the pristine 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) monolayer domains on a Ag(111) substrate induces distinct stoichiometry-dependent structural reordering processes, resulting in highly ordered and large KxPTCDA domains. The emerging structures are analyzed by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, scanning tunneling hydrogen microscopy (ST[H]M), and low-energy electron diffraction as a function of the stoichiometry. The analysis of the measurements is corroborated by density functional theory calculations. These turn out to be essential for a correct interpretation of the experimental ST[H]M data. The epitaxy types for all intercalated stages are determined as point-on-line. The K atoms adsorb in the vicinity of the oxygen atoms of the PTCDA molecules, and their positions are determined with sub-Ångström precision. This is a crucial prerequisite for the prospective assessment of the electronic properties of such composite films, as they depend rather sensitively on the mutual alignment between donor atoms and acceptor molecules. Our results demonstrate that only the combination of experimental and theoretical approaches allows for an unambiguous explanation of the pronounced reordering of KxPTCDA/Ag(111) upon changing the K content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zwick
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anu Baby
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Gruenewald
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Verwüster
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roman Forker
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Guido Fratesi
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Milano, Via Celoria
16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Brivio
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Torsten Fritz
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller
University Jena, Helmholtzweg
5, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Graduate
School of Science and Institute for Academic Initiatives, Department
of Chemistry, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-0043, Osaka, Japan
- E-mail:
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44
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Taucher T, Hehn I, Hofmann OT, Zharnikov M, Zojer E. Understanding Chemical versus Electrostatic Shifts in X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of Organic Self-Assembled Monolayers. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:3428-3437. [PMID: 26937264 PMCID: PMC4761973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The focus of the present article is on understanding the insight that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements can provide when studying self-assembled monolayers. Comparing density functional theory calculations to experimental data on deliberately chosen model systems, we show that both the chemical environment and electrostatic effects arising from a superposition of molecular dipoles influence the measured core-level binding energies to a significant degree. The crucial role of the often overlooked electrostatic effects in polar self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is unambiguously demonstrated by changing the dipole density through varying the SAM coverage. As a consequence of this effect, care has to be taken when extracting chemical information from the XP spectra of ordered organic adsorbate layers. Our results, furthermore, imply that XPS is a powerful tool for probing local variations in the electrostatic energy in nanoscopic systems, especially in SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas
C. Taucher
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Iris Hehn
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Zharnikov
- Angewandte
Physikalische Chemie, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- E-mail (E.Z.)
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45
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Bučko T, Šimko F. On the structure of crystalline and molten cryolite: Insights from the ab initio molecular dynamics in NpT ensemble. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:064502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Bučko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - František Šimko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, SK-84236 Bratislava, Slovakia
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46
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Egger DA, Kronik L. Role of Dispersive Interactions in Determining Structural Properties of Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskites: Insights from First-Principles Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2728-33. [PMID: 26277971 DOI: 10.1021/jz5012934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A microscopic picture of structure and bonding in organic-inorganic perovskites is imperative to understanding their remarkable semiconducting and photovoltaic properties. On the basis of a density functional theory treatment that includes both spin-orbit coupling and dispersive interactions, we provide detailed insight into the crystal binding of lead-halide perovskites and quantify the effect of different types of interactions on the structural properties. Our analysis reveals that cohesion in these materials is characterized by a variety of interactions that includes important contributions from both van der Waals interactions among the halide atoms and hydrogen bonding. We also assess the role of spin-orbit coupling and show that it causes slight changes in lead-halide bonding that do not significantly affect the lattice parameters. Our results establish that consideration of dispersive effects is essential for understanding the structure and bonding in organic-inorganic perovskites in general and for providing reliable theoretical predictions of structural parameters in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Egger
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
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47
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Piccini G, Sauer J. Effect of Anharmonicity on Adsorption Thermodynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2479-87. [PMID: 26580768 DOI: 10.1021/ct500291x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of anharmonic corrections to the vibrational energies of extended systems is explored. Particular attention is paid to the thermodynamics of adsorption of small molecules on catalytically relevant systems typically affected by anharmonicity. The implemented scheme obtains one-dimensional anharmonic model potentials by distorting the equilibrium structure along the normal modes using both rectilinear (Cartesian) or curvilinear (internal) representations. Only in the latter case, the modes are decoupled also at higher order of the potential and the thermodynamic functions change in the expected directions. The method is applied to calculate ab initio enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs free energies for the adsorption of methane in acidic chabazite (H-CHA) and on MgO(001) surface. The values obtained for the adsorption of methane in H-CHA (273.15 K, 0.1 MPa, θ = 0.5) are ΔH = -19.3, -TΔS = 11.9, and ΔG = -7.5 kJ/mol. For methane on the MgO(001) (47 K, 1.3 × 10(-14) MPa, θ = 1) ΔH = -14.4, -TΔS = 16.6, and ΔG = 2.1 kJ/mol are obtained. The calculated desorption temperature is 44 K, and the desorption prefactor is 4.26 × 10(12) s(-1). All calculated results agree within chemical accuracy limits with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- GiovanniMaria Piccini
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin , Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Mussard B, Szalay PG, Ángyán JG. Analytical Energy Gradients in Range-Separated Hybrid Density Functional Theory with Random Phase Approximation. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:1968-79. [DOI: 10.1021/ct401044h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Mussard
- CRM2,
Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Péter G. Szalay
- Institute
of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1518 Budapest, P.O. Box 32, Hungary
| | - János G. Ángyán
- CRM2,
Institut Jean Barriol, Université de Lorraine, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- CRM2,
Institut Jean Barriol, CNRS, F-54506 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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49
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Huang YL, Wruss E, Egger DA, Kera S, Ueno N, Saidi WA, Bucko T, Wee ATS, Zojer E. Understanding the adsorption of CuPc and ZnPc on noble metal surfaces by combining quantum-mechanical modelling and photoelectron spectroscopy. Molecules 2014; 19:2969-92. [PMID: 24609018 PMCID: PMC6271497 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19032969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are an important class of organic semiconductors and, thus, their interfaces with metals are both of fundamental and practical relevance. In the present contribution we provide a combined theoretical and experimental study, in which we show that state-of-the-art quantum-mechanical simulations are nowadays capable of treating most properties of such interfaces in a quantitatively reliable manner. This is shown for Cu-phthalocyanine (CuPc) and Zn-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) on Au(111) and Ag(111) surfaces. Using a recently developed approach for efficiently treating van der Waals (vdW) interactions at metal/organic interfaces, we calculate adsorption geometries in excellent agreement with experiments. With these geometries available, we are then able to accurately describe the interfacial electronic structure arising from molecular adsorption. We find that bonding is dominated by vdW forces for all studied interfaces. Concomitantly, charge rearrangements on Au(111) are exclusively due to Pauli pushback. On Ag(111), we additionally observe charge transfer from the metal to one of the spin-channels associated with the lowest unoccupied π-states of the molecules. Comparing the interfacial density of states with our ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) experiments, we find that the use of a hybrid functionals is necessary to obtain the correct order of the electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Elisabeth Wruss
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - David A Egger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Satoshi Kera
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1- 33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Nobuo Ueno
- Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science, Chiba University, 1- 33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Wissam A Saidi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 1249 Benedum Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Tomas Bucko
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynska Dolina, SK-84215 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117542, Singapore.
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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50
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Egger D, Zojer E. Anticorrelation between the Evolution of Molecular Dipole Moments and Induced Work Function Modifications. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:3521-3526. [PMID: 24163725 PMCID: PMC3805562 DOI: 10.1021/jz401721r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explore the limits of modifying metal work functions with large molecular dipoles by systematically increasing the dipole moment of archetype donor-acceptor molecules in self-assembled monolayers on gold. Contrary to intuition, we find that enhancing the dipoles leads to a reduction of the adsorption-induced change of the work function. Using atomistic simulations, we show that large dipoles imply electronic localization and level shifts that drive the interface into a thermodynamically unstable situation and trigger compensating charge reorganizations working against the molecular dipoles. Under certain circumstances, these are even found to overcompensate the effect that increasing the dipoles has for the work function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David
A. Egger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Egbert Zojer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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