1
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de Willigen MJE, Kurahashi M, Juurlink LBF. Alignment and impact angular dependence to O 2 sticking and dissociation on Pt(111) and close-packed steps. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18227-18235. [PMID: 35875977 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00934j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen's interaction with Pt surfaces serves as a model system in the development of an accurate theoretical description of reaction mechanisms that involve multiple precursor states. To benchmark the influence of surface structure on the dynamics of this interaction, we report absolute values of the initial sticking probability of O2 onto Pt(111) and two vicinal surfaces for state-selected and rotationally-aligned O2 molecules. Sticking probabilities vary significantly for helicoptering and cartwheeling molecules. Our data can be understood if normal energy scaling holds for all molecular orientations relative to the surface. Vicinal surfaces are much more reactive than Pt(111) with little to no dependence on the molecule's alignment and a more complex angular dependence. At low incident energies, sticking probabilities are highest for incidence into step facets. The weak alignment dependence points toward predominant scattering into a physisorbed state preceding chemisorbed states over a wide angular range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maatje J E de Willigen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Mitsunori Kurahashi
- Surface Characterization Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Ludo B F Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Borodin D, Hertl N, Park GB, Schwarzer M, Fingerhut J, Wang Y, Zuo J, Nitz F, Skoulatakis G, Kandratsenka A, Auerbach DJ, Schwarzer D, Guo H, Kitsopoulos TN, Wodtke AM. Quantum effects in thermal reaction rates at metal surfaces. Science 2022; 377:394-398. [PMID: 35862529 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
There is wide interest in developing accurate theories for predicting rates of chemical reactions that occur at metal surfaces, especially for applications in industrial catalysis. Conventional methods contain many approximations that lack experimental validation. In practice, there are few reactions where sufficiently accurate experimental data exist to even allow meaningful comparisons to theory. Here, we present experimentally derived thermal rate constants for hydrogen atom recombination on platinum single-crystal surfaces, which are accurate enough to test established theoretical approximations. A quantum rate model is also presented, making possible a direct evaluation of the accuracy of commonly used approximations to adsorbate entropy. We find that neglecting the wave nature of adsorbed hydrogen atoms and their electronic spin degeneracy leads to a 10× to 1000× overestimation of the rate constant for temperatures relevant to heterogeneous catalysis. These quantum effects are also found to be important for nanoparticle catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Borodin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hertl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Barratt Park
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1061, USA
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Fingerhut
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Florian Nitz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georgios Skoulatakis
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Theofanis N Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece.,Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Gerrits N. Accurate Simulations of the Reaction of H 2 on a Curved Pt Crystal through Machine Learning. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12157-12164. [PMID: 34918518 PMCID: PMC8724818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies on molecule-metal surface reactions have so far been limited to small surface unit cells due to computational costs. Here, for the first time molecular dynamics simulations on very large surface unit cells at the level of density functional theory are performed, allowing a direct comparison to experiments performed on a curved crystal. Specifically, the reaction of D2 on a curved Pt crystal is investigated with a neural network potential (NNP). The developed NNP is also accurate for surface unit cells considerably larger than those that have been included in the training data, allowing dynamical simulations on very large surface unit cells that otherwise would have been intractable. Important and complex aspects of the reaction mechanism are discovered such as diffusion and a shadow effect of the step. Furthermore, conclusions from simulations on smaller surface unit cells cannot always be transfered to larger surface unit cells, limiting the applicability of theoretical studies of smaller surface unit cells to heterogeneous catalysts with small defect densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Gerrits
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Research
Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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5
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Guo H, Jiang B. Towards bridging the structure gap in heterogeneous catalysis: the impact of defects in dissociative chemisorption of methane on Ir surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4376-4385. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The negatively activated region in CH4 dissociation is attributed to a precursor-mediated mechanism involving surface defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- University of New Mexico
- Albuquerque
- USA
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
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6
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Auras SV, van Lent R, Bashlakov D, Piñeiros Bastidas JM, Roorda T, Spierenburg R, Juurlink LBF. Scaling Platinum-Catalyzed Hydrogen Dissociation on Corrugated Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20973-20979. [PMID: 32749736 PMCID: PMC7692953 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We determine absolute reactivities for dissociation at low coordinated Pt sites. Two curved Pt(111) single-crystal surfaces allow us to probe either straight or highly kinked step edges with molecules impinging at a low impact energy. A model extracts the average reactivity of inner and outer kink atoms, which is compared to the reactivity of straight A- and B-type steps. Local surface coordination numbers do not adequately capture reactivity trends for H2 dissociation. We utilize the increase of reactivity with step density to determine the area over which a step causes increased dissociation. This step-type specific reactive area extends beyond the step edge onto the (111) terrace. It defines the reaction cross-section for H2 dissociation at the step, bypassing assumptions about contributions of individual types of surface atoms. Our results stress the non-local nature of H2 interaction with a surface and provide insight into reactivity differences for nearly identical step sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine V Auras
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Lent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dima Bashlakov
- ILTPE, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 47 Nauky Ave., Kharkiv, 61103, Ukraine
| | | | - Tycho Roorda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Spierenburg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B F Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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7
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Auras SV, Lent R, Bashlakov D, Piñeiros Bastidas JM, Roorda T, Spierenburg R, Juurlink LBF. Scaling Platinum‐Catalyzed Hydrogen Dissociation on Corrugated Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine V. Auras
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Richard Lent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Dima Bashlakov
- ILTPE, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 47 Nauky Ave. Kharkiv 61103 Ukraine
| | | | - Tycho Roorda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rick Spierenburg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Leiden University P.O. Box 9502 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
AbstractUnderstanding heterogeneous catalysis at the atomic level requires detailed knowledge of the reactivity of different surface sites toward specific bond breaking and bond making events. We illustrate a new method in such investigations. We use a macroscopically curved Pt single crystal containing a large variation in density of highly kinked steps of two different chiralities. Scanning tunneling microscopy maps the entire range of surface structures present on the 31° section surrounding the Pt(111) apex. Whereas most of the surface shows the expected characteristic arrays of parallel steps, hexagonally-shaped, single-atom deep pits remain after cleaning procedures near the apex. Their orientation is indicative of the different chiralities present on the two sides of the crystal’s apex. These unintended defects locally raise the surface defect concentration, but are of little consequence to subsequent reactivity measurements for $$\text {D}_2$$
D
2
dissociation and H–D exchange as probed by supersonic molecular beam techniques. We quantify absolute elementary dissociation and relative isotopic exchange rates across the surface with high spatial resolution. At low incident energies, elementary dissociation of the homonuclear isotoplogues is dominated by the kinked steps. H–D exchange kinetics depend also mostly linearly on step density. The changing ratio of D2 dissociation to H–D formation, however, suggests that anisotropic diffusion of H(D) atoms is of influence to the measured HD production rate.
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9
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Liu T, Fu B, Zhang DH. Six-dimensional potential energy surfaces for the dissociative chemisorption of HCl on rigid Ag(100) and Ag(110) surfaces. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Smeets EF, Füchsel G, Kroes GJ. Quantum Dynamics of Dissociative Chemisorption of H 2 on the Stepped Cu(211) Surface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:23049-23063. [PMID: 31565113 PMCID: PMC6757508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b06539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactions on stepped surfaces are relevant to heterogeneous catalysis, in which a reaction often takes place at the edges of nanoparticles where the edges resemble steps on single-crystal stepped surfaces. Previous results on H2 + Cu(211) showed that, in this system, steps do not enhance the reactivity and raised the question of whether this effect could be, in any way, related to the neglect of quantum dynamical effects in the theory. To investigate this, we present full quantum dynamical molecular beam simulations of sticking of H2 on Cu(211), in which all important rovibrational states populated in a molecular beam experiment are taken into account. We find that the reaction of H2 with Cu(211) is very well described with quasi-classical dynamics when simulating molecular beam sticking experiments, in which averaging takes place over a large number of rovibrational states and over translational energy distributions. Our results show that the stepped Cu(211) surface is distinct from its component Cu(111) terraces and Cu(100) steps and cannot be described as a combination of its component parts with respect to the reaction dynamics when considering the orientational dependence. Specifically, we present evidence that, at translational energies close to the reaction threshold, vibrationally excited molecules show a negative rotational quadrupole alignment parameter on Cu(211), which is not found on Cu(111) and Cu(100). The effect arises because these molecules react with a site-specific reaction mechanism at the step, that is, inelastic rotational enhancement, which is only effective for molecules with a small absolute value of the magnetic rotation quantum number. From a comparison to recent associative desorption experiments as well as Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics calculations, it follows that the effects of surface atom motion and electron-hole pair excitation on the reactivity fall within chemical accuracy, that is, modeling these effect shifts extracted reaction probability curves by less than 1 kcal/mol translational energy. We found no evidence in our fully state-resolved calculations for the "slow" reaction channel that was recently reported for associative desorption of H2 from Cu(111) and Cu(211), but our results for the fast channel are in good agreement with the experiments on H2 + Cu(211).
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Affiliation(s)
- Egidius
W. F. Smeets
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Füchsel
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie - Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Ghassemi EN, Smeets EWF, Somers MF, Kroes GJ, Groot IMN, Juurlink LBF, Füchsel G. Transferability of the Specific Reaction Parameter Density Functional for H 2 + Pt(111) to H 2 + Pt(211). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:2973-2986. [PMID: 30792827 PMCID: PMC6376921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The accurate description of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions may require chemically accurate evaluation of barriers for reactions of molecules at the edges of metal nanoparticles. It was recently shown that a semiempirical density functional describing the interaction of a molecule dissociating on a flat metal surface (CHD3 + Pt(111)) is transferable to the same molecule reacting on a stepped surface of the same metal (Pt(211)). However, validation of the method for additional systems is desirable. To address the question whether the specific reaction parameter (SRP) functional that describes H2 + Pt(111) with chemical accuracy is also capable of accurately describing H2 + Pt(211), we have performed molecular beam simulations with the quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) method, using the SRP functional developed for H2 + Pt(111). Our calculations used the Born-Oppenheimer static surface model. The accuracy of the QCT method was assessed by comparison with quantum dynamics results for reaction of the ro-vibrational ground state of H2. The theoretical results for sticking of H2 and D2 on Pt(211) are in quite good agreement with the experiment, but uncertainties remain because of a lack of accuracy of the QCT simulations at low incidence energies and possible inaccuracies in the reported experimental incidence energies at high energies. We also investigated the nonadiabatic effect of electron-hole pair excitation on the reactivity using the molecular dynamics with the electron friction (MDEF) method, employing the local density friction approximation (LDFA). Only small effects of electron-hole pair excitation on sticking are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Nour Ghassemi
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Egidius W. F. Smeets
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Mark F. Somers
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Irene M. N. Groot
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
| | - Gernot Füchsel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories,
Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden,
The Netherlands
- Institut für Chemie und
Biochemie—Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie
Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin,
Germany
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12
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van Lent R, Auras SV, Cao K, Walsh AJ, Gleeson MA, Juurlink LBF. Site-specific reactivity of molecules with surface defects—the case of H2 dissociation on Pt. Science 2019; 363:155-157. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The classic system that describes weakly activated dissociation in heterogeneous catalysis has been explained by two dynamical models that are fundamentally at odds. Whereas one model for hydrogen dissociation on platinum(111) invokes a preequilibrium and diffusion toward defects, the other is based on direct and local reaction. We resolve this dispute by quantifying site-specific reactivity using a curved platinum single-crystal surface. Reactivity is step-type dependent and varies linearly with step density. Only the model that relies on localized dissociation is consistent with our results. Our approach provides absolute, site-specific reaction cross sections.
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13
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Cao K, van Lent R, Kleyn A, Juurlink L. A molecular beam study of D2 dissociation on Pt(1 1 1): Testing SRP-DFT calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Füchsel G, Cao K, Er S, Smeets EWF, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF, Kroes GJ. Anomalous Dependence of the Reactivity on the Presence of Steps: Dissociation of D 2 on Cu(211). J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:170-175. [PMID: 29262681 PMCID: PMC5759030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Stepped metal surfaces are usually assumed to exhibit an increased catalytic activity for bond cleavage of small molecules over their flat single-crystal counterparts. We present experimental and theoretical data on the dissociative adsorption of molecular hydrogen on copper that contradicts this notion. We observe hydrogen molecules to be more reactive on the flat Cu(111) than on the stepped Cu(211) surface. We suggest that this exceptional behavior is due to a geometric effect, that is, that bond cleavage on the flat surface does not occur preferentially over a top site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Füchsel
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kun Cao
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Süleyman Er
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Egidius W. F. Smeets
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aart W. Kleyn
- Center
of Interface Dynamics for Sustainability, Institute of Materials,
CAEP, 596 Yinhe Road
seventh Section, Shuangliu,Chengdu, Sichuan 610200, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- L.B.F.J.: E-mail: . Tel: +31 (0)71 527 4221
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- G.-J.K.: E-mail: . Tel: +31 (0)71 527 4396
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15
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Kong X, Yu Y, Ma S, Gao T, Xiao C, Chen X. Dissociation mechanism of H 2 molecule on the Li 2O/hydrogenated-Li 2O (111) surface from first principles calculations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra05894b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen molecules in a purge gas are known to enhance the release of tritium from lithium ceramic materials, which has been demonstrated in numerous in-pile experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggang Kong
- Institute of Atom and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - You Yu
- College of Optoelectronic Technology
- Chengdu University of Information Technology
- Chengdu 610225
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shenggui Ma
- Institute of Atom and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gao
- Institute of Atom and Molecular Physics
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjian Xiao
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- People's Republic of China
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16
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den Dunnen A, Jacobse L, Wiegman S, Berg OT, Juurlink LBF. Coverage-dependent adsorption and desorption of oxygen on Pd(100). J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela den Dunnen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leon Jacobse
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Wiegman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Otto T. Berg
- Department of Chemistry, California State University Fresno, 2555 E. San Ramon Ave., Fresno, California 93740, USA
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Kroes GJ, Díaz C. Quantum and classical dynamics of reactive scattering of H2 from metal surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3658-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art theoretical models allow nowadays an accurate description of H2/metal surface systems and phenomena relative to heterogeneous catalysis. Here we review the most relevant ones investigated during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Gorlaeus Laboratories
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
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18
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Jacobse L, den Dunnen A, Juurlink LBF. The molecular dynamics of adsorption and dissociation of O2 on Pt(553). J Chem Phys 2015; 143:014703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4923006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Jacobse
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela den Dunnen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B. F. Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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19
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Füchsel G, Tremblay JC, Saalfrank P. A six-dimensional potential energy surface for Ru(0001)(2×2):CO. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:094704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4894083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Füchsel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie - Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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20
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21
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Huang X, Yan X, Xiao Y. Effects of vacancy and step on dissociative dynamics of H2 on Pd (111) surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Hahn C, Shan J, Liu Y, Berg O, Kleijn AW, Juurlink LBF. Employing a cylindrical single crystal in gas-surface dynamics. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:114201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3692686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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23
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Groß A. Coverage effects in the adsorption of H2 on Pd(100) studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:174707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3656765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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24
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Groot IMN, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. The Energy Dependence of the Ratio of Step and Terrace Reactivity for H2 Dissociation on Stepped Platinum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:5174-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Groot IMN, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. The Energy Dependence of the Ratio of Step and Terrace Reactivity for H2 Dissociation on Stepped Platinum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201007093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Poelsema B, Lenz K, Comsa G. The dissociative adsorption of hydrogen on Pt(111): Actuation and acceleration by atomic defects. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:074703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3530286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bene Poelsema
- Solid State Physics MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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27
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Frankcombe TJ, Collins MA. Potential energy surfaces for gas-surface reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:8379-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01843k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Hahn C, Shan J, Groot IM, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LB. Selective poisoning of active sites for D2 dissociation on platinum. Catal Today 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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van der Niet MJTC, den Dunnen A, Juurlink LBF, Koper MTM. The influence of step geometry on the desorption characteristics of O2, D2, and H2O from stepped Pt surfaces. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:174705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3407434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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30
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Xiao Y, Dong W, Busnengo HF. Reactive force fields for surface chemical reactions: A case study with hydrogen dissociation on Pd surfaces. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:014704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3265854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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32
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Díaz C, Olsen RA. A note on the vibrational efficacy in molecule-surface reactions. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:094706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3080613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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33
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Groot IMN, Schouten KJP, Kleyn AW, Juurlink LBF. Dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on stepped platinum. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:224707. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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34
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Olsen RA, McCormack DA, Luppi M, Baerends EJ. Six-dimensional quantum dynamics of H2 dissociative adsorption on the Pt(211) stepped surface. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:194715. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2920488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Ludwig J, Vlachos DG. Molecular dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on an oxygen covered Pt(111) surface. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:154708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2902981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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36
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van der Niet MJTC, Dominicus I, Koper MTM, Juurlink LBF. Hydrophobic interactions between water and pre-adsorbed D on the stepped Pt(533) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:7169-79. [DOI: 10.1039/b809652j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Ludwig J, Vlachos DG. Ab initio molecular dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on metal surfaces using neural networks and novelty sampling. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:154716. [PMID: 17949200 DOI: 10.1063/1.2794338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We outline a hybrid multiscale approach for the construction of ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) useful for performing six-dimensional (6D) classical or quantum mechanical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of diatomic molecules reacting at single crystal surfaces. The algorithm implements concepts from the corrugation reduction procedure, which reduces energetic variation in the PES, and uses neural networks for interpolation of smoothed ab initio data. A novelty sampling scheme is implemented and used to identify configurations that are most likely to be predicted inaccurately by the neural network. This hybrid multiscale approach, which couples PES construction at the electronic structure level to MD simulations at the atomistic scale, reduces the number of density functional theory (DFT) calculations needed to specify an accurate PES. Due to the iterative nature of the novelty sampling algorithm, it is possible to obtain a quantitative measure of the convergence of the PES with respect to the number of ab initio calculations used to train the neural network. We demonstrate the algorithm by first applying it to two analytic potentials, which model the H2/Pt(111) and H2/Cu(111) systems. These potentials are of the corrugated London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato form, which are based on DFT calculations, but are not globally accurate. After demonstrating the convergence of the PES using these simple potentials, we use DFT calculations directly and obtain converged semiclassical trajectories for the H2/Pt(111) system at the PW91/generalized gradient approximation level. We obtain a converged PES for a 6D hydrogen-surface dissociation reaction using novelty sampling coupled directly to DFT. These results, in excellent agreement with experiments and previous theoretical work, are compared to previous simulations in order to explore the sensitivity of the PES (and therefore MD) to the choice of exchange and correlation functional. Despite having a lower energetic corrugation in our PES, we obtain a broader reaction probability curve than previous simulations, which is attributed to increased geometric corrugation in the PES and the effect of nonparallel dissociation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Ludwig
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-3110, USA
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38
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Fernandez-Ramos A, Miller JA, Klippenstein SJ, Truhlar DG. Modeling the kinetics of bimolecular reactions. Chem Rev 2007; 106:4518-84. [PMID: 17091928 DOI: 10.1021/cr050205w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Fernandez-Ramos
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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39
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Hartnig C, Grimminger J, Spohr E. The role of water in the initial steps of methanol oxidation on Pt(2 1 1). Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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McCormack DA. Dynamical pruning of static localized basis sets in time-dependent quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:204101. [PMID: 16774313 DOI: 10.1063/1.2196889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the viability of dynamical pruning of localized basis sets in time-dependent quantum wave packet methods. Basis functions that have a very small population at any given time are removed from the active set. The basis functions themselves are time independent, but the set of active functions changes in time. Two different types of localized basis functions are tested: discrete variable representation (DVR) functions, which are localized in position space, and phase-space localized (PSL) functions, which are localized in both position and momentum. The number of functions active at each point in time can be as much as an order of magnitude less for dynamical pruning than for static pruning, in reactive scattering calculations of H2 on the Pt(211) stepped surface. Scaling of the dynamically pruned PSL (DP-PSL) bases with dimension is considerably more favorable than for either the primitive (direct product) or DVR bases, and the DP-PSL basis set is predicted to be three orders of magnitude smaller than the primitive basis set in the current state-of-the-art six-dimensional reactive scattering calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A McCormack
- Theoretische Chemie, Faculteit Exacte Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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41
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Ludwig J, Vlachos DG, van Duin ACT, Goddard WA. Dynamics of the Dissociation of Hydrogen on Stepped Platinum Surfaces Using the ReaxFF Reactive Force Field. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:4274-82. [PMID: 16509724 DOI: 10.1021/jp0561064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dissociation of hydrogen on eight platinum surfaces, Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt(110), Pt(211), Pt(311), Pt(331), Pt(332), and Pt(533), has been studied using molecular dynamics and the reactive force field, ReaxFF. The force field, which includes the degrees of freedom of the atoms in the platinum substrate, was used unmodified with potential parameters determined from previous calculations performed on a training set exclusive of the surfaces considered in this work. The energetics of the eight surfaces in the absence of hydrogen at 0 K were first compared to previous density functional theory (DFT) calculations and found to underestimate excess surface energy. However, taking Pt(111) as a reference state, we found that the trend between surfaces was adequately predicted to justify a relative comparison between the various stepped surfaces. To assess the strengths and weaknesses of the force field, we performed detailed simulations on two stepped surfaces, Pt(533) and Pt(211), and compared our findings to published experimental and theoretical results. In general, the absolute magnitude of reaction rate predictions was low, a result of the force field's tendency to underpredict surface energy. However, when normalized, the simulations show the correct linear scaling with incident energy and angular dependence at collision energies where a direct dissociation mechanism is observed. Because ReaxFF includes all degrees of freedom in the substrate, we carried out simulations aimed at understanding surface-temperature effects on Pt(533). On the basis of the results on Pt(533)/Pt(211), we studied the reaction of hydrogen at normal incidence on all eight surfaces in a range of energies where we anticipated the force field to give reasonable qualitative trends. These results were subsequently fit to a simple linear model that predicts the enhanced reactivity of surfaces containing 111-type atomic steps versus 100-type atomic steps. This model provides a simple framework for predicting high-energy/high-temperature kinetics of complex surfaces not vicinal to Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Ludwig
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716-3110, USA
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42
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Luppi M, McCormack DA, Olsen RA, Baerends EJ. Rotational effects in the dissociative adsorption of H2 on the Pt211 stepped surface. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:164702. [PMID: 16268717 DOI: 10.1063/1.2087467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational effects in the dissociative adsorption of H2 on the Pt211 stepped surface have been studied using classical trajectory calculations on a six-dimensional, density-functional theory potential-energy surface. Reaction of rotating molecules via an indirect trapping mechanism exhibits an unexpected nonmonotonic dependence on the initial rotational quantum number J. Indirect reaction is first quenched with increasing J but is enhanced again for high J initial states. The quenching is attributed to rotational-to-translational energy transfer, which facilitates escape from the chemisorption wells responsible for molecular trapping. For high J, rotational and translational motions decouple, and the energy transfer is no longer possible, which leads again to trapping. Degeneracy-resolved calculations show that for high initial J, molecules rotating in a "cartwheel" fashion (mJ=0) are more likely to become trapped and react indirectly than "helicoptering" molecules (mJ=J). Experimental confirmation of this finding would lend strong support to the existence of the chemisorption wells that trap molecules prior to reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Luppi
- Theoretical Chemistry Department, Vrije Universiteit, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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