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Wang LL, Han JH, Zhou HP, Pan QQ, Zhao ZW, Su Z. Superior End-Group Stacking Promotes Simultaneous Multiple Charge-Transfer Mechanisms in Organic Solar Cells with an All-Fused-Ring Nonfullerene Acceptor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35390-35399. [PMID: 38922684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The all-fused-ring acceptor (AFRA) is a success for nonfullerene materials and has attracted considerable attention as its high optical and chemical stability expected to reduce energy loss, and power conversion efficiency (PCE) approaching 15% in constructed all-small-molecule organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, the intrinsic role of the structure of AFRA F13 and the reason for its high PCE were revealed by comparison with those of typical fused acceptors IDT-IC and Y6. An increased degree of conjugation in F13 leads to broader and red-shifted absorption peaks, facilitating enhancement of the short-circuit current. Multiple charge-transfer mechanisms are mainly attributed to the higher Frenkel exciton (FE) state due to the multiple transition ways for acceptors in the C1-CN:F13 system. The increased number of atoms contributing to the charge-transfer (CT) state facilitated the existence of more superior stacking patterns with easy formation of CT and FE/CT states and a high charge separation rate. It was found using the AFRA is an effective strategy to enhance end-group stacking, enhancing the borrowing of oscillator strength to promote multiple CT mechanisms in the complexes, explaining the high performance of this OSC device. This work is promising to guide designing an efficient AFRA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jin-Hong Han
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hai-Ping Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Qing-Qing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Huang SQ, Wang LL, Pan QQ, Zhao ZW, Gao Y, Su ZM. A Theoretical Study on the Underlying Factors of the Difference in Performance of Organic Solar Cells Based on ITIC and Its Isomers. Molecules 2023; 28:6968. [PMID: 37836811 PMCID: PMC10574239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, non-fullerene-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have made great breakthroughs, and small structural differences can have dramatic impacts on the power conversion efficiency (PCE). We take ITIC and its isomers as examples to study their effects on the performance of OSCs. ITIC and NFBDT only differed in the side chain position, and they were used as models with the same donor molecule, PBDB-T, to investigate the main reasons for the difference in their performance in terms of theoretical methods. In this work, a detailed comparative analysis of the electronic structure, absorption spectra, open circuit voltage and interfacial parameters of the ITIC and NFBDT systems was performed mainly by combining the density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the lowest excited state of the ITIC molecule possessed a larger ∆q and more hybrid FE/CT states, and PBDB-T/ITIC had more charge separation paths as well as a larger kCS and smaller kCR. The reason for the performance difference between PBDB-T/ITIC and PBDB-T/NFBDT was elucidated, suggesting that ITIC is a superior acceptor based on a slight modulation of the side chain and providing a guiding direction for the design of superior-performing small molecule acceptor materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Qi Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China;
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Straw–Based Functional Materials, Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China;
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-Functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.-Q.P.); (Z.-M.S.)
| | - Qing-Qing Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-Functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.-Q.P.); (Z.-M.S.)
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China;
| | - Ying Gao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Straw–Based Functional Materials, Institute for Interdisciplinary Biomass Functional Materials Studies, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China;
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Center of Optical Materials and Chemistry, Jilin Provincial International Joint Research Center of Photo-Functional Materials and Chemistry, Changchun 130022, China; (Q.-Q.P.); (Z.-M.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Zhang CR, Yu HY, Zhang ML, Liu XM, Chen YH, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Modulating the organic photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene acceptors by molecular modification based on Y6: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25465-25479. [PMID: 37712300 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02520a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) by modifying the backbone, side chains and end groups is the most important strategy to improve the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). Among numerous developed NFAs, Y6 and its derivatives are famous NFAs in the OSC field due to their good performance. Herein, in order to understand the mechanism of tuning the photovoltaic performance by modifying the Y6's center backbone, π-spacer and side-chains, we selected the PM6:Y6 OSC as a reference and systematically studied PM6:AQx-2, PM6:Y6-T, PM6:Y6-2T, PM6:Y6-O, PM6:Y6-1O and PM6:Y6-2O OSC systems based on extensive quantum chemistry calculations. The results indicate that introducing quinoxaline to substitute thiadiazole in the backbone induces a blue-shift of absorption spectra, reduces the charge transfer (CT) distance (Δd) and average electrostatic potential (ESP), and increases the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), CT excitation energy and the number of CT states in low-lying excitations. Inserting thienyl and dithiophenyl as π spacers generates a red-shift of absorption spectra, enlarges Δd and average ESP, and reduces ΔEST and the number of CT states. Introducing furo[3,2-b]furan for substituting one thieno[3,2-b]thiophene unit in the Y6's backbone causes a red-shift of absorption spectra and increases ΔEST, Δd and average ESP as well as CT excitation energy. Introducing alkoxyl as a side chain results in a blue-shift of absorption spectra, and increases ΔEST, Δd, average ESP, CT excitation energy and the number of CT states. The rate constants calculated using Marcus theory suggest that all the molecular modifications of Y6 reduce the exciton dissociation and charge recombination rates at the heterojunction interface, while introducing furo[3,2-b]furan and alkoxyl enlarges CT rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Hai-Yuan Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Yu-Hong Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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The effects of electronic structures of two non-fullerene systems on their photovoltaic performances. J Mol Model 2022; 28:172. [PMID: 35633407 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, the electronic structures of two polymer donors (PBDB-T and PBDB-T-SF) and two non-fullerene acceptors (ITIC and IT-4F) are researched by density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory, respectively. The research purpose is to rationalize the relationship between observed experimental performances and structural properties and obtain the effects of structures on their photovoltaic performances. The investigated properties involve in the structure characteristics, absorption spectra, carrier mobilities, and exciton dissociation properties at interfaces to locate the essences of different power conversion efficiency between PBDB-T/ITIC and PBDB-T-SF/IT-4F. The results suggest that both PBDB-T/ITIC and PBDB-T-SF/IT-4F systems have stable structures and relatively high HOMO levels, which benefits to relatively large VOC values. In addition, the larger PCE of PBDB-T-SF/IT-4F system originates from PBDB-T-SF's large hole transport properties and better exciton dissociation ability. Furthermore, the F and S incorporations enhance hole mobilities and exciton dissociation ability. Consequently, the theoretical results coincide well with the experimental ones.
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5
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Yu HY, Zhang CR, Zhang ML, Liu XM, Gong JJ, Liu ZJ, Wu YZ, Chen HS. Molecular tuning of non-fullerene electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics: a theoretical study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the famous A–D–A-type non-fullerene acceptor IT-4F, this work investigates the effects of introducing methyl groups and substituting dicyano with O on optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yuan Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Cai-Rong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Ji-Jun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - You-Zhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
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6
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Wang Y, Zhang C, Yang B, Yuan L, Gong J, Liu Z, Wu Y, Chen H. The Halogenation Effects of Electron Acceptor ITIC for Organic Photovoltaic Nano-Heterojunctions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3417. [PMID: 34947765 PMCID: PMC8708652 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Molecular engineering plays a critical role in the development of electron donor and acceptor materials for improving power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). The halogenated acceptor materials in OPVs have shown high PCE. Here, to investigate the halogenation mechanism and the effects on OPV performances, based on the density functional theory calculations with the optimally tuned screened range-separated hybrid functional and the consideration of solid polarization effects, we addressed the halogenation effects of acceptor ITIC, which were modeled by bis-substituted ITIC with halogen and coded as IT-2X (X = F, Cl, Br), and PBDB-T:ITIC, PBDB-T:IT-2X (X = F, Cl, Br) complexes on their geometries, electronic structures, excitations, electrostatic potentials, and the rate constants of charge transfer, exciton dissociation (ED), and charge recombination processes at the heterojunction interface. The results indicated that halogenation of ITIC slightly affects molecular geometric structures, energy levels, optical absorption spectra, exciton binding energies, and excitation properties. However, the halogenation of ITIC significantly enlarges the electrostatic potential difference between the electron acceptor and donor PBDB-T with the order from fluorination and chlorination to bromination. The halogenation also increases the transferred charges of CT states for the complexes. Meanwhile, the halogenation effects on CT energies and electron process rates depend on different haloid elements. No matter which kinds of haloid elements were introduced in the halogenation of acceptors, the ED is always efficient in these OPV devices. This work provides an understanding of the halogenation mechanism, and is also conducive to the designing of novel materials with the aid of the halogenation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Cairong Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Lihua Yuan
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Jijun Gong
- Department of Applied Physics, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China; (Y.W.); (B.Y.); (L.Y.); (J.G.)
| | - Zijiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Youzhi Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China;
| | - Hongshan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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7
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Shavez M, Panda AN. Assessing Effects of Different π bridges on Properties of Random Benzodithiophene-thienothiophene Donor and Non-fullerene Acceptor Based Active Layer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:9852-9864. [PMID: 34738461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report presents the effect of insertion of four different π bridges, furan, thienothiophene, thiophene, and thiazole, into a random benzodithiophene (BDT)-fluorinated-thienothiophene (TT-F) based donor. Starting from a structure of synthesized donor (D)-acceptor (A) random copolymer with 3:1 ratio, we have designed four D-π-A systems with four different π bridges. Structural, optoelectronic, and charge transport/transfer properties of these donors and donor/NDI (NDI = poly[N,N'-bis(2-hexyldecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)) blends are investigated using DFT and TD-DFT methodologies. Our results show that the thiazole based TzP1 oligomer has the deepest HOMO value resulting in the highest open circuit voltage among all systems. The maximum absorption wavelengths of π-linked systems are red-shifted compared to the parent molecule. Rates of charge transfer and charge recombination are the highest and smallest in case of the thiazole/NDI blend system. In addition, hole mobilities in thiophene, thienothiophene, and thiazole based systems are larger than in the parent system. The results indicate that the thiazole unit among the four π bridge units is the most suitable for active layer construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shavez
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Aditya N Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
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8
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Shavez M, Ray AK, Panda AN. Halogenation of the Side Chains in Donor‐Acceptor Based Small Molecules for Photovoltaic Applications: Energetics and Charge‐Transfer Properties from DFT/TDDFT Studies. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shavez
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Anuj Kumar Ray
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Aditya N. Panda
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
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9
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Shavez M, Panda AN. Effects of π-bridge units on the properties of donor-π-acceptor type benzodithiophene-thienothiophene based polymers for organic solar cells. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Kitoh-Nishioka H, Shigeta Y, Ando K. Tunneling matrix element and tunneling pathways of protein electron transfer calculated with a fragment molecular orbital method. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:104104. [PMID: 32933280 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Practical ways to calculate the tunneling matrix elements and analyze the tunneling pathways for protein electron-transfer (ET) reactions with a fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method are presented. The straightforward use of minimal basis sets only for the atoms involved in the covalent bond detachment in FMO can properly describe the ETs through the protein main-chains with the cost-effective two-body corrections (FMO2) without losing the quality of double-zeta basis sets. The current FMO codes have been interfaced with density functional theory, polarizable continuum model, and model core potentials, with which the FMO-based protein ET calculations can consider the effects of electron correlation, solvation, and transition-metal redox centers. The reasonable performance of the FMO-based ET calculations is demonstrated for three different sets of protein-ET model molecules: (1) hole transfer between two tryptophans covalently bridged by a polyalanine linker in the ideal α-helix and β-strand conformations, (2) ET between two plastoquinones covalently bridged by a polyalanine linker in the ideal α-helix and β-strand conformations, and (3) hole transfer between ruthenium (Ru) and copper (Cu) complexes covalently bridged by a stretch of a polyglycine linker as a model for Ru-modified derivatives of azurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kitoh-Nishioka
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Information and Sciences, Tokyo Woman's Christian University, 2-6-1 Zenpukuji, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 167-8585, Japan
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11
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Xie X, Liu X, Zeng D, Zhao L. The Potentials in Solar Cells for
MEH‐PPV
Derivatives: Molecular Design and Performance Prediction. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Xie
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zeng
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
| | - Longfeng Zhao
- Environmental School of Green and IntelligenceYangtze Normal University Chongqing 408100 People's Republic of China
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12
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Nakano H, Higashi M, Sato H. Uniform potential difference scheme to evaluate effective electronic couplings for superexchange electron transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor systems. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:224103. [PMID: 32534534 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This article proposes an ab initio quantum chemical method to evaluate the effective electronic coupling that determines the rate of superexchange electron transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) systems. The method utilizes the fragment charge difference to define electronic diabatic states and to apply an electrostatic potential in a form of a uniform potential difference that mimics solvation effects on the relative energies of the electronic states. The two-state generalized Mulliken-Hush method is used to obtain the effective electronic coupling as the nondiagonal element of the effective Hamiltonian that is derived based on the Green's function approach and the quasi-degenerate perturbation theory. A theoretical basis is provided for the dependence of the calculated effective electronic coupling on the applied potential and for how to find the optimal potential to give the desired effective electronic coupling that coincides with the result of the minimum energy splitting method. The method is applied to typical D-B-A molecules and gives the effective electronic couplings in reasonable agreement with the experimental estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakano
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Higashi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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13
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Zhou Q, Shen C, Lu X, Ma R, Song P. Photoinduced charge transfer rate of Cy3/C 60 blend material. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117145. [PMID: 31141784 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The rates of charge separation and charge recombination of the cyanine dye/C60 heterojunction solar cell in an external electric field were provided using the Marcus and Marcus-Levich-Jortner formalisms. The vibrational mode as another influencing factor was also introduced into the rate expression for the planar heterojunction solar cell. Detailed theoretical analysis of the excited-state of the Cy3/C60 blend was achieved using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The Gibbs free energy was regulated by an external electric field, while the reorganisation energy presented the opposite conclusion. Frequency analysis was utilised to demonstrate the energy stability of the obtained structures. The rate calculated using the Marcus formalism was greater than that obtained by the Marcus-Levich-Jortner formalism. Consideration of the calculated rates in all vibration modes and at different external electric field strengths indicated that vibrational mode and external electric field played important roles in determining the rates of charge separate and charge recombination, which could provide a more accurate theoretical rate for organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China; Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Cong Shen
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Ri Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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14
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Lu Q, Qiu M, Zhao M, Li Z, Li Y. Modification of NFA-Conjugated Bridges with Symmetric Structures for High-Efficiency Non-Fullerene PSCs. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E958. [PMID: 31159494 PMCID: PMC6630734 DOI: 10.3390/polym11060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As electron acceptors, non-fullerene molecules can overcome the shortcomings of fullerenes and their derivatives (such as high cost, poor co-solubility, and weak light absorption). The photoelectric properties of two potential non-fullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) PBDB-T:IF-TN (PB:IF) and PBDB-T:IDT-TN (PB:IDT) are studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). Based on the optimized structure of the ground state, the effects of the electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) (D/A) interfaces PBDB-T/IF-TN (PB/IF) and PBDB-T/IDT-TN (PB/IDT) are studied by a quantum-chemical method (QM) and Marcus theory. Firstly, for two non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) IF-TN and IDT-TN, the NFA IDT-TN has better optical absorption ability and better electron transport ability than IF-TN. Secondly, for the D/A interfaces PB/IF and PB/IDT, they both have high optical absorption and electron transfer abilities, and PB/IDT has better optical absorption and lower exciton binding energy. Finally, some important parameters (open-circuit voltage, voltage loss, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency) are calculated and simulated by establishing the theoretical model. From the above analysis, the results show that the non-fullerene PSC PB:IDT has better photoelectric characteristics than PB:IF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuchen Lu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Meiyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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15
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Bai RR, Zhang CR, Wu YZ, Shen YL, Liu ZJ, Chen HS. Donor Halogenation Effects on Electronic Structures and Electron Process Rates of Donor/C60 Heterojunction Interface: A Theoretical Study on FnZnPc (n = 0, 4, 8, 16) and ClnSubPc (n = 0, 6). J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4034-4047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cai-Rong Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | | | - Yu-Lin Shen
- Gansu Computing Center, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Liu
- Department of Physics, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Hong-Shan Chen
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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16
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Zhao ZW, Duan YC, Pan QQ, Gao Y, Wu Y, Geng Y, Zhao L, Zhang M, Su ZM. A probe into underlying factors affecting utrafast charge transfer at Donor/IDIC interface of all-small-molecule nonfullerene organic solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Shen C, Zhou Q, Zhao M, Lu X, Song P. Photoinduced electron transfer in conjugated molecules containing different donor in an external electric field. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 208:294-298. [PMID: 30340209 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced electron transfers in different conjugated donor polymer containing with PC60BM as the acceptor (X3:PC60BM and X6:PC60BM) were theoretically investigated. A detailed theoretical analysis of Marcus electron transfer rate in an external electric field was also performed. By discussing the effect of electric field on ΔG, λ, VDA and charge separation rate, we have come to some conclusions. The results reveal that the free energy change and electronic coupling matrix are significantly influence by the vector properties of external electric field. Thus, the electron transfer process appears critically influenced by external electric fields. Our results will provide meaningful information on enhancing the photoelectric conversion efficiencies of BHJ solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shen
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, PR China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, PR China; Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Meiyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China
| | - Xuemei Lu
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, PR China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110036, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Light Emitting and Photocatalytic Materials, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China; State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
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18
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Kastinen T, da Silva Filho DA, Paunonen L, Linares M, Ribeiro Junior LA, Cramariuc O, Hukka TI. Electronic couplings and rates of excited state charge transfer processes at poly(thiophene-co-quinoxaline)–PC71BM interfaces: two- versus multi-state treatments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25606-25625. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04837e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multi-state effects should be considered when calculating electronic couplings at local polymer–fullerene interfaces with the non-tuned and optimally tuned long-range corrected functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuva Kastinen
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- FI-33014 Tampere University
- Finland
| | | | - Lassi Paunonen
- Mathematics
- Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences
- Tampere University
- FI-33014 Tampere University
- Finland
| | - Mathieu Linares
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics
- ITN
- Campus Norrköping
- Linköping University
- SE-581 83 Linköping
| | | | - Oana Cramariuc
- Physics
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- FI-33014 Tampere University
- Finland
| | - Terttu I. Hukka
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Tampere University
- FI-33014 Tampere University
- Finland
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19
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Xie X, Feng X, Zhao X. The effects of electronic structures of four benzodithiophene-based copolymers on their photovoltaic performances. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Mestiri T, Alimi K. DFT and TD-DFT design of small π-conjugated molecules with narrow band gap and high efficiency for organic solar cells. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Zong H, Wang X, Quan J, Tian C, Sun M. Photoinduced charge transfer by one and two-photon absorptions: physical mechanisms and applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19720-19743. [PMID: 30033469 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03442g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review photoinduced charge transfer in organic solar cells without and with an external electric field and then we introduce the visualization methods of the transition density, charge difference density and transition density matrix for the analysis of the photoinduced charge transfer in a neutral system and a charged system excited by one-photon and two-photon absorption. This review will not only promote a deeper understanding of the available theories and methods of PICT, but also lead to further developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zong
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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22
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Theoretical Study on the Photoelectric Properties of a Class of Copolymers Based on Benzodithiophene for Solar Cells. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/3270313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and optical properties of PBDTTBT are comprehensively studied by density functional theory to rationalize the experimentally observed properties. Periodic boundary conditions method is employed to simulate the polymer block and calculate effective charge mass from the band structure calculation to describe charge transport properties. Moreover, both time-dependent density functional theory and a set of multidimensional visualization techniques are used to characterize the exciton dissociation ability in the PCBM: PBDTTBT interface. These theoretical methods and calculation techniques not only promote deep understanding of the connection between chemical structures and optical and electronic properties of the donor-acceptor system but also can be used to rationally design a novel donor-acceptor system. Based on the same calculated methods as PBDTTBT, four copolymers PBDTTTP, PBDTTTO, PBDTTTPD, and PBDTTFPD are designed to study their potentials as donors in polymer BHJ. The results indicate that PBDTTBT’s well conjugation benefits its good stability, and its wide and strong absorption spectra in the range of visible light, appropriate FMO levels, well charge transport, and favorable exciton dissociation lead to its photovoltaic performance. Furthermore, through comparing the four designed polymers with PBDTTBT, we conclude that the four designed polymers have stronger exciton dissociation ability and larger open-circuit voltage and external quantum efficiencies. Consequently, the four designed copolymers are promising candidates for polymer BHJ solar cells.
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23
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Wang Q, Song P, Ma F, Sun J, Yang Y, Li Y. A rigid planar low band gap polymer PTTDPP-DT-DTT for heterojunction solar cell: a study of density functional theory. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2195-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Wang Q, Li Y, Song P, Su R, Ma F, Yang Y. Non-Fullerene Acceptor-Based Solar Cells: From Structural Design to Interface Charge Separation and Charge Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E692. [PMID: 30965992 PMCID: PMC6418710 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of non-fullerene small molecule as electron acceptors is critical for overcoming the shortcomings of fullerene and its derivatives (such as limited absorption of light, poor morphological stability and high cost). We investigated the electronic and optical properties of the two selected promising non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), IDIC and IDTBR, and five conjugated donor polymers using quantum-chemical method (QM). Based on the optimized structures of the studied NFAs and the polymers, the ten donor/acceptor (D/A) interfaces were constructed and investigated using QM and Marcus semi-classical model. Firstly, for the two NFAs, IDTBR displays better electron transport capability, better optical absorption ability, and much greater electron mobility than IDIC. Secondly, the configurations of D/A yield the more bathochromic-shifted and broader sunlight absorption spectra than the single moiety. Surprisingly, although IDTBR has better optical properties than IDIC, the IDIC-based interfaces possess better electron injection abilities, optical absorption properties, smaller exciton binding energies and more effective electronic separation than the IDTBR-based interfaces. Finally, all the polymer/IDIC interfaces exhibit large charge separation rate (KCS) (up to 1012⁻1014 s-1) and low charge recombination rate (KCR) (<10⁶ s-1), which are more likely to result in high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). From above analysis, it was found that the polymer/IDIC interfaces should display better performance in the utility of bulk-heterojunction solar cells (BHJ OSC) than polymer/IDTBR interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qungui Wang
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Runzhou Su
- College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Fengcai Ma
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China.
| | - Yanhui Yang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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25
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Rajbanshi B, Kar M, Sarkar P, Sarkar P. Phosphorene quantum dot-fullerene nanocomposites for solar energy conversion: An unexplored inorganic-organic nanohybrid with novel photovoltaic properties. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Zhao ZW, Pan QQ, Li SB, Duan YA, Geng Y, Zhang M, Su ZM. A theoretical exploration of the effect of fluorine and cyano substitutions in diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymer donor for organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:9-16. [PMID: 28802153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of polymer donor materials 1-5 based on diketopyrrolopyrrole and thiophene unit which have been widely used in organic solar cells (OSCs) were investigated based on quantum chemical calculations. The effect of fluorine and cyano substitutions in polymer donor materials was focused on. Based on the investigation on electronic structures and optical properties of the reported molecules 1 and 2 and the analysis on some parameters relevant to charge dissociation ability at donor/acceptor interface constituted by 1 and 2 with PC61BM such as intermolecular charge transfer and recombination, driving force and Coulombic bound energy, we explained why fluorine substitution can improve OPV efficiency through strengthening eletron-withdrawing ability from a theoretical perspective. Then we designed cyano-substituted polymers 3-5 with the aim of obtaining better photovoltaic donor materials. The results reveal that our attempt to design donor materials which can balance large open-circuit voltage (Voc) and high short-circuit current (Jsc) in OSCs has worked out. It is worth noting that the substitutions of fluorine and cyano groups synergistically reduce energy gap and HOMO energy level of polymers 3 and 4. Moreover, 3/PC61BM and 4/PC61BM heterojunctions show over 107 and 104 times higher than 1/PC61BM on the ratios of intermolecular charge transfer and recombination rates (kinter-CT/kinter-CR). Thus, our work here may provide an efficient strategy to design promising donor materials in OPVs and we hope it could be useful in the future experimental synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chang Chun, 130024, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chang Chun, 130024, Jilin, PR China
| | - Shuang-Bao Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chang Chun, 130024, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yu-Ai Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, PR China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chang Chun, 130024, Jilin, PR China.
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chang Chun, 130024, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Chang Chun, 130024, Jilin, PR China.
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27
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Effect of additional donor group on the charge transfer/recombination dynamics of a photoactive organic dye: A quantum mechanical investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Gillet N, Berstis L, Wu X, Gajdos F, Heck A, de la Lande A, Blumberger J, Elstner M. Electronic Coupling Calculations for Bridge-Mediated Charge Transfer Using Constrained Density Functional Theory (CDFT) and Effective Hamiltonian Approaches at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Fragment-Orbital Density Functional Tight Binding (FODFTB) Level. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4793-4805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Gillet
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Berstis
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Laboratoire
de Chimie-Physique, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Campus d’Orsay. 15, avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Cedex Orsay, France
| | - Fruzsina Gajdos
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Heck
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aurélien de la Lande
- Laboratoire
de Chimie-Physique, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Campus d’Orsay. 15, avenue Jean Perrin, 91405 Cedex Orsay, France
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse
12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Zhao C, Ge H, Wang Z, Jin L, Zhang Q, Zhang T. Theoretical characterization on photovoltaic properties of PC61BM-PTDPPTFT4 system with a molecular model. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Song P, Li Y, Ma F, Pullerits T, Sun M. Photoinduced Electron Transfer in Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2016; 16:734-53. [PMID: 26853631 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer (ET) is the key process in light-driven charge separation reactions in organic solar cells. The current review summarizes the progress in theoretical modelling of ET in these materials. First we give an account of ET, with a description originating from Marcus theory. We systematically go through all the relevant parameters and show how they depend on different material properties, and discuss the consequences such dependencies have for the performance of the devices. Finally, we present a set of visualization methods which have proven to be very useful in analyzing the elementary processes in absorption and charge separation events. Such visualization tools help us to understand the properties of the photochemical and photobiological systems in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,State Key laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuanzuo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,College of Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Fengcai Ma
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 22100, Sweden.,State Key laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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31
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Pan QQ, Li SB, Wu Y, Sun GY, Geng Y, Su ZM. A comparative study of a fluorene-based non-fullerene electron acceptor and PC61BM in an organic solar cell at a quantum chemical level. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra08364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison of the OSC efficiency between PC61BM and non-fullerene small molecule acceptor-FENIDT was studied by microscopic analysis based on the DFT/TDDFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Pan
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Chang Chun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Bao Li
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Chang Chun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine
- Changchun
- PR China
| | - Guang-Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Yanbian University
- Yanji
- China
| | - Yun Geng
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Chang Chun 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Chang Chun 130024
- P. R. China
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32
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Li Y, Feng Y, Sun M. Photoinduced Charge Transport in a BHJ Solar Cell Controlled by an External Electric Field. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13970. [PMID: 26353997 PMCID: PMC4564800 DOI: 10.1038/srep13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated theoretical photoinduced charge transport in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell controlled by an external electric field. Our method for visualizing charge difference density identified the excited state properties of photoinduced charge transfer, and the charge transfer excited states were distinguished from local excited states during electronic transitions. Furthermore, the calculated rates for the charge transfer revealed that the charge transfer was strongly influenced by the external electric field. The external electric field accelerated the rate of charge transfer by up to one order when charge recombination was significantly restrained. Our research demonstrated that photoinduced charge transport controlled by an external electric field in a BHJ solar cell is efficient, and the exciton dissociation is not the limiting factor in organic solar cells.Our research should aid in the rational design of a novel conjugated system of organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Li
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanting Feng
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 603-146, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 603-146, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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33
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Li SB, Duan YA, Geng Y, Li HB, Zhang JZ, Xu HL, Zhang M, Su ZM. A designed bithiopheneimide-based conjugated polymer for organic photovoltaic with ultrafast charge transfer at donor/PC71BM interface: theoretical study and characterization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25799-808. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03022b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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34
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Yang CH, Hsu CP. A multi-state fragment charge difference approach for diabatic states in electron transfer: extension and automation. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:154104. [PMID: 24160497 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron transfer (ET) rate prediction requires the electronic coupling values. The Generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH) and Fragment Charge Difference (FCD) schemes have been useful approaches to calculate ET coupling from an excited state calculation. In their typical form, both methods use two eigenstates in forming the target charge-localized diabatic states. For problems involve three or four states, a direct generalization is possible, but it is necessary to pick and assign the locally excited or charge-transfer states involved. In this work, we generalize the 3-state scheme for a multi-state FCD without the need of manual pick or assignment for the states. In this scheme, the diabatic states are obtained separately in the charge-transfer or neutral excited subspaces, defined by their eigenvalues in the fragment charge-difference matrix. In each subspace, the Hamiltonians are diagonalized, and there exist off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements between different subspaces, particularly the charge-transfer and neutral excited diabatic states. The ET coupling values are obtained as the corresponding off-diagonal Hamiltonian matrix elements. A similar multi-state GMH scheme can also be developed. We test the new multi-state schemes for the performance in systems that have been studied using more than two states with FCD or GMH. We found that the multi-state approach yields much better charge-localized states in these systems. We further test for the dependence on the number of state included in the calculation of ET couplings. The final coupling values are converged when the number of state included is increased. In one system where experimental value is available, the multi-state FCD coupling value agrees better with the previous experimental result. We found that the multi-state GMH and FCD are useful when the original two-state approach fails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chou-Hsun Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128 Section 2 Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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35
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Agnihotri N. Computational studies of charge transfer in organic solar photovoltaic cells: A review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Cave RJ, Newton MD. Multistate treatments of the electronic coupling in donor-bridge-acceptor systems: insights and caveats from a simple model. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:7221-34. [PMID: 24266545 DOI: 10.1021/jp408913k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We use a simple one-dimensional delta function electronic structure model (dfm) to investigate the results of a pair of multistate diabatization techniques (i.e., based on n states, with n ≥ 2) for linear DBA and DBBA (donor-bridge-acceptor) electron-transfer systems. In particular, we focus on the physical meaning of the couplings obtained from multistate methods and their relationship to two-state (n = 2) coupling elements. On the basis of the simple dfm approach, which allows exact as well as finite basis set treatment and has no many-electron effects, we conclude that for orthogonal diabatic states, it is difficult to assign clear physical significance to multistate matrix elements for coupling beyond nearest-neighbor contacts. The implications of these results for more complex multistate many-electron treatments are discussed. It is emphasized that physically meaningful coupling elements must involve states that are orthogonal, either explicitly or implicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cave
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College , Claremont, California 91711, United States
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Bacolla A, Temiz NA, Yi M, Ivanic J, Cer RZ, Donohue DE, Ball EV, Mudunuri US, Wang G, Jain A, Volfovsky N, Luke BT, Stephens RM, Cooper DN, Collins JR, Vasquez KM. Guanine holes are prominent targets for mutation in cancer and inherited disease. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003816. [PMID: 24086153 PMCID: PMC3784513 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Single base substitutions constitute the most frequent type of human gene mutation and are a leading cause of cancer and inherited disease. These alterations occur non-randomly in DNA, being strongly influenced by the local nucleotide sequence context. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such sequence context-dependent mutagenesis are not fully understood. Using bioinformatics, computational and molecular modeling analyses, we have determined the frequencies of mutation at G • C bp in the context of all 64 5'-NGNN-3' motifs that contain the mutation at the second position. Twenty-four datasets were employed, comprising >530,000 somatic single base substitutions from 21 cancer genomes, >77,000 germline single-base substitutions causing or associated with human inherited disease and 16.7 million benign germline single-nucleotide variants. In several cancer types, the number of mutated motifs correlated both with the free energies of base stacking and the energies required for abstracting an electron from the target guanines (ionization potentials). Similar correlations were also evident for the pathological missense and nonsense germline mutations, but only when the target guanines were located on the non-transcribed DNA strand. Likewise, pathogenic splicing mutations predominantly affected positions in which a purine was located on the non-transcribed DNA strand. Novel candidate driver mutations and tissue-specific mutational patterns were also identified in the cancer datasets. We conclude that electron transfer reactions within the DNA molecule contribute to sequence context-dependent mutagenesis, involving both somatic driver and passenger mutations in cancer, as well as germline alterations causing or associated with inherited disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Bacolla
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, Texas, United States of America
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nuri A. Temiz
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ming Yi
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ivanic
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Duncan E. Donohue
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward V. Ball
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Uma S. Mudunuri
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guliang Wang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aklank Jain
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalia Volfovsky
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Luke
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Stephens
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David N. Cooper
- Institute of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jack R. Collins
- Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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Cave RJ, Edwards ST, Kouzelos JA, Newton MD. Reduced Electronic Spaces for Modeling Donor/Acceptor Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14631-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102353q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Cave
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711
| | - Stephen T. Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711
| | - J. Andrew Kouzelos
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711
| | - Marshall D. Newton
- Department of Chemistry, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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Cauët E, Liévin J. Ab Initio Study of the Electron Transfer in an Ionized Stacked Complex of Guanines. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:9881-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902426p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Cauët
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jacques Liévin
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Woiczikowski PB, Kubar T, Gutiérrez R, Caetano RA, Cuniberti G, Elstner M. Combined density functional theory and Landauer approach for hole transfer in DNA along classical molecular dynamics trajectories. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:215104. [PMID: 19508103 DOI: 10.1063/1.3146905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate in detail the charge transport characteristics of DNA wires with various sequences and lengths in the presence of solvent. Our approach combines large-scale quantum/classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with transport calculations based on Landauer theory. The quantum mechanical transmission function of the wire is calculated along MD trajectories and thus encodes the influence of dynamical disorder arising from the environment (water, backbone, counterions) and from the internal base dynamics. We show that the correlated fluctuations of the base pair dynamics are crucial in determining the transport properties of the wire and that the effect of fluctuations can be quite different for sequences with low and high static disorders (differences in base ionization potentials). As a result, in structures with high static disorder as is the case of the studied Dickerson dodecamer, the weight of high-transmissive structures increases due to dynamical fluctuations and so does the calculated average transmission. Our analysis further supports the basic intuition of charge-transfer active conformations as proposed by Barton et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 11471 (2004)]. However, not DNA conformations with good stacking contacts leading to large interbase hopping values are necessarily the most important, but rather those where the average fluctuation of ionization potentials along the base stack is small. The reason behind this is that the ensemble of conformations leads to average electronic couplings, which are large enough for sufficient transmission. On the other hand, the alignment of onsite energies is the critical parameter which gates the charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Benjamin Woiczikowski
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Gutiérrez R, Caetano RA, Woiczikowski BP, Kubar T, Elstner M, Cuniberti G. Charge transport through biomolecular wires in a solvent: bridging molecular dynamics and model Hamiltonian approaches. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:208102. [PMID: 19519078 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.208102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a hybrid method based on a combination of classical molecular dynamics simulations, quantum-chemical calculations, and a model Hamiltonian approach to describe charge transport through biomolecular wires with variable lengths in presence of a solvent. The core of our approach consists in a mapping of the biomolecular electronic structure, as obtained from density-functional based tight-binding calculations of molecular structures along molecular dynamics trajectories, onto a low-dimensional model Hamiltonian including the coupling to a dissipative bosonic environment. The latter encodes fluctuation effects arising from the solvent and from the molecular conformational dynamics. We apply this approach to the case of pG-pC and pA-pT DNA oligomers as paradigmatic cases and show that the DNA conformational fluctuations are essential in determining and supporting charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gutiérrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden University of Technology, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
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Voityuk AA. Charge-on-site scheme to estimate the electronic coupling in electron transfer systems. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Blancafort L, Voityuk AA. CASSCF/CAS-PT2 study of hole transfer in stacked DNA nucleobases. J Phys Chem A 2007; 110:6426-32. [PMID: 16706397 DOI: 10.1021/jp061184s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CASSCF and CAS-PT2 calculations are performed for the ground and excited states of radical cations consisting of two and three nucleobases. The generalized Mulliken-Hush approach is employed for estimating electronic couplings for hole transfer in the pi-stacks. We compare the CASSCF results with data obtained within Koopmans' approximation. The calculations show that an excess charge in the ground and excited states in the systems is quite localized on a single base both at the CASSCF level and in Koopmans' picture. However, the CASSCF calculations point to a larger degree of localization and, in line with this, smaller transition dipole moments. The agreement between the CAS-PT2 corrected energy gaps and the values estimated with Koopmans' theorem is better, with the CAS-PT2 calculations giving somewhat smaller gaps. Overall, both factors result in smaller CASSCF/CAS-PT2 couplings, which are reduced by up to 40% of the couplings calculated using Koopmans' approximation. The tabulated data can be used as benchmark values for the electronic couplings of stacked nucleobases. For the base trimers, comparison of the results obtained within two- and three-state models show that the multistate treatment should be applied to derive reliable estimates. Finally, the superexchange approach to estimate the donor acceptor electronic coupling in the stacks GAG and GTG is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Blancafort
- Institut de Química Computational, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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Voityuk AA. Fluctuation of the electronic coupling in DNA: Multistate versus two-state model. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Very recently it has been shown that stable metal-mediated base pairs [Thymine-Hg-Thymine] can form in DNA. To estimate the effect of such pairs on the efficiency of charge transfer through DNA, we carry out quantum mechanical calculations of double-stranded pi-stacks GXG, GXXG, and GXXXG, where X = [Thymine-Hg-Thymine] and stacks GT(n)G of canonical base pairs. The charge-transfer efficiency in short duplexes GXG and GTG is found to be similar. However, the donor-acceptor coupling in GXXG and GXXXG is stronger by a factor of 2.5-3.0 than that in GT(n)G (n = 2 and 3), respectively. It is shown that the valence orbitals of Hg atoms do not essentially participate in mediating the electronic coupling for hole transfer; however, they may play an important role in excess electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Voityuk
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Institute of Computational Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain.
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Voityuk AA. Assessment of semiempirical methods for the computation of charge transfer in DNA π-stacks. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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