Multireference Brillouin-Wigner coupled clusters method with noniterative perturbative connected triples

Spin-Flip Unitary Coupled Cluster Method: Toward Accurate Description of Strong Electron Correlation on Quantum Computers

Quantum computers have emerged as a promising platform to simulate strong electron correlation that is crucial to catalysis and photochemistry. However, owing to the choice of a trial wave function employed in the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, accurate simulation is restricted to certain classes of correlated phenomena. Herein, we combine the spin-flip (SF) formalism with the unitary coupled cluster with singles and doubles (UCCSD) method via the quantum equation-of-motion (qEOM) approach to allow for an efficient simulation of a large family of strongly correlated problems. We show that the developed qEOM-SF-UCCSD/VQE method outperforms its UCCSD/VQE counterpart for simulation of the cis-trans isomerization of ethylene, and the automerization of cyclobutadiene and the predicted qEOM-SF-UCCSD/VQE barrier heights are in a good agreement with the experimentally determined values. The developments presented herein will further stimulate the investigation of this approach for simulations of other types of correlated/entangled phenomena on quantum computers.

Advances in Parallel Heat Bath Configuration Interaction

Heat-bath configuration interaction (HCI) is a deterministic method that approaches the full CI limit at greatly reduced computational cost. In this work, computational improvements to the HCI algorithm are introduced targeting speed, parallel efficiency, and memory requirements. The new implementation introduces a hash function to distribute determinants and takes advantage of MPI and OpenMP for parallelism allowing for a (22e,168o) active space to be studied, which explicitly includes 2.39 × 10⁷ variational determinants and 8.95 × 10¹⁰ perturbative determinants. Benchmarks show up to 86% parallel efficiency of the perturbative step on 32 nodes (4096 cores) and a total efficiency of 74%. The new HCI implementation is benchmarked for accuracy against prior results and applied to study the triplet-quintet gap in the challenging [FeO(NH₃)₅]²⁺ complex.

Assessing the Accuracy of Tailored Coupled Cluster Methods Corrected by Electronic Wave Functions of Polynomial Cost

Tailored coupled cluster theory represents a computationally inexpensive way to describe static and dynamical electron correlation effects. In this work, we scrutinize the performance of various coupled cluster methods tailored by electronic wave functions of polynomial cost. Specifically, we focus on frozen-pair coupled cluster (fpCC) methods, which are tailored by pair-coupled cluster doubles (pCCD), and coupled cluster theory tailored by matrix product state wave functions optimized by the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. As test system, we selected a set of various small- and medium-sized molecules containing diatomics (N₂, F₂, C₂, CN⁺, CO, BN, BO⁺, and Cr₂) and molecules (ammonia, ethylene, cyclobutadiene, benzene, hydrogen chains, rings, and cuboids) for which the conventional single-reference coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) method is not able to produce accurate results for spectroscopic constants, potential energy surfaces, and barrier heights. Most importantly, DMRG-tailored and pCCD-tailored approaches yield similar errors in spectroscopic constants and potential energy surfaces compared to accurate theoretical and/or experimental reference data. Although fpCC methods provide a reliable description for the dissociation pathway of molecules featuring single and quadruple bonds, they fail in the description of triple or hextuple bond-breaking processes or avoided crossing regions.

High-level coupled-cluster energetics by merging moment expansions with selected configuration interaction

Inspired by our earlier semi-stochastic work aimed at converging high-level coupled-cluster (CC) energetics [J. E. Deustua, J. Shen, and P. Piecuch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 223003 (2017) and J. E. Deustua, J. Shen, and P. Piecuch, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 124103 (2021)], we propose a novel form of the CC(P; Q) theory in which the stochastic Quantum Monte Carlo propagations, used to identify dominant higher-than-doubly excited determinants, are replaced by the selected configuration interaction (CI) approach using the perturbative selection made iteratively (CIPSI) algorithm. The advantages of the resulting CIPSI-driven CC(P; Q) methodology are illustrated by a few molecular examples, including the dissociation of F₂ and the automerization of cyclobutadiene, where we recover the electronic energies corresponding to the CC calculations with a full treatment of singles, doubles, and triples based on the information extracted from compact CI wave functions originating from relatively inexpensive Hamiltonian diagonalizations.

High-level coupled-cluster energetics by Monte Carlo sampling and moment expansions: Further details and comparisons

We recently proposed a novel approach to converging electronic energies equivalent to high-level coupled-cluster (CC) computations by combining the deterministic CC(P;Q) formalism with the stochastic configuration interaction (CI) and CC Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) propagations. This article extends our initial study [J. E. Deustua, J. Shen, and P. Piecuch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 223003 (2017)], which focused on recovering the energies obtained with the CC method with singles, doubles, and triples (CCSDT) using the information extracted from full CI QMC and CCSDT-MC, to the CIQMC approaches truncated at triples and quadruples. It also reports our first semi-stochastic CC(P;Q) calculations aimed at converging the energies that correspond to the CC method with singles, doubles, triples, and quadruples (CCSDTQ). The ability of the semi-stochastic CC(P;Q) formalism to recover the CCSDT and CCSDTQ energies, even when electronic quasi-degeneracies and triply and quadruply excited clusters become substantial, is illustrated by a few numerical examples, including the F-F bond breaking in F₂, the automerization of cyclobutadiene, and the double dissociation of the water molecule.

Perturbative universal state-selective correction for state-specific multi-reference coupled cluster methods

In this work, we report an extension of our previous development of the universal state-selective (USS) multireference coupled-cluster (MRCC) formalism. It was shown [Brabec et al., J. Chem. Phys. 136, 124102 (2012)] and [Banik et al., J. Chem. Phys. 142, 114106 (2015)] that the USS(2) approach significantly improves the accuracy of Brillouin-Wigner and Mukherjee MRCC formulations, however, the numerical and storage costs associated with calculating highly excited intermediates pose a significant challenge, which can restrict the applicability of the USS(2) method. Therefore, we introduce a perturbative variant of the USS(2) approach (USS(pt)), which substantially reduces numerical overhead of the full USS(2) correction while preserving its accuracy. Since the new USS(pt) implementation calculates the triple and quadruple projections in on-the-fly manner, the memory bottleneck associated with the need of storing expensive recursive intermediates is entirely eliminated. On the example of several benchmark systems, we demonstrate accuracies of USS(pt) and USS(2) approaches and their efficiency in describing quasidegenerate electronic states. It is also shown that the USS(pt) method significantly alleviates problems associated with the lack of invariance of MRCC theories upon the rotation of active orbitals.

Iterative universal state selective correction for the Brillouin-Wigner multireference coupled-cluster theory

As a further development of the previously introduced a posteriori Universal State-Selective (USS) corrections [K. Kowalski, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 194107 (2011); J. Brabec et al., ibid. 136, 124102 (2012)], we suggest an iterative form of the USS correction by means of correcting effective Hamiltonian matrix elements. We also formulate USS corrections via the left Bloch equations. The convergence of the USS corrections with excitation level towards the full configuration interaction (FCI) limit is also investigated. Various forms of the USS and simplified diagonal USS corrections at the singles and doubles and perturbative triple levels are numerically assessed on several model systems and on the ozone and tetramethyleneethane molecules. It is shown that the iterative USS correction can successfully replace the previously developed a posteriori Brillouin-Wigner coupled cluster size-extensivity correction, while it is not sensitive to intruder states and performs well also in other cases when the a posteriori one fails, like, e.g., for the asymmetric vibration mode of ozone.

Combining active-space coupled-cluster methods with moment energy corrections via the CC(P;Q) methodology, with benchmark calculations for biradical transition states

We have recently suggested the CC(P;Q) methodology that can correct energies obtained in the active-space coupled-cluster (CC) or equation-of-motion (EOM) CC calculations, which recover much of the nondynamical and some dynamical electron correlation effects, for the higher-order, mostly dynamical, correlations missing in the active-space CC/EOMCC considerations. It is shown that one can greatly improve the description of biradical transition states, both in terms of the resulting energy barriers and total energies, by combining the CC approach with singles, doubles, and active-space triples, termed CCSDt, with the CC(P;Q)-style correction due to missing triple excitations defining the CC(t;3) approximation.

Diagnosis of the performance of the state-specific multireference coupled-cluster method with different truncation schemes

We have tested the linked version of a iterative (partial) triples correction for the Jeziorski-Monkhorst ansatz based state-specific multireference coupled cluster (SS-MRCC) approach with singles and doubles (SD) excitations [abbreviated as SS-MRCCSDT-1a and SS-MRCCSDT-1a+d]. The assessments of SS-MRCCSDT-1a and SS-MRCCSDT-1a+d schemes have been performed on the ground potential energy surface (PES) of P4, Li(2),Be(2) systems which demand the MR description, and on study of the excitation energy between the ground and first excited state for P4 system. Illustrations in the isomerization of cyclobutadiene also show the power of the schemes. One of the designed features of the SS-MRCCSDT-n methods introduced here is that they do not require storage of the triples amplitudes. In the entire range of geometries, we found a definite improvement provided by SS-MRCC with SDT-1a and SDT-1a+d schemes over the standard SD one. In the nondegenerate regions of PES, the closeness of the performance of the single-reference CC to the SS-MRCC methods increases after inclusion of even partial triple excitations. Generally, the performance of the SS-MRCCSDT-1a+d approach is closer to the corresponding full configuration interaction (FCI) one than to the SS-MRCCSDT-1a specially in the degenerate geometries (as is evident from nonparallelism error). The deviation from FCI for the first excited state of the P4 model using various SS-MRCC theories with different truncation schemes obtained by converging on the second root of the effective Hamiltonian has also been reported. We also compare our results with the current generation state-of-the-art single and multireference CC calculations to envisage the usefulness of the present approach. Initial implementation indicates that the SS-MRCCSDT-n formalism can provide not only reliable excitation energies and barrier height even when used in a relatively small model space, but also offers a considerable promise in generating the entire energy surface with low nonparallelity error.