1
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Turi L, Baranyi B, Madarász Á. 2-in-1 Phase Space Sampling for Calculating the Absorption Spectrum of the Hydrated Electron. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:4265-4277. [PMID: 38727675 PMCID: PMC11137824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The investigation of vibrational effects on absorption spectrum calculations often employs Wigner sampling or thermal sampling. While Wigner sampling incorporates zero-point energy, it may not be suitable for flexible systems. Thermal sampling is applicable to anharmonic systems yet treats nuclei classically. The application of generalized smoothed trajectory analysis (GSTA) as a postprocessing method allows for the incorporation of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs), combining the advantages of both sampling methods. We demonstrate this approach in computing the absorption spectrum of a hydrated electron. Theoretical exploration of the hydrated electron and its embryonic forms, such as water cluster anions, poses a significant challenge due to the diffusivity of the excess electron and the continuous motion of water molecules. In many previous studies, the wave nature of atomic nuclei is often neglected, despite the substantial impact of NQEs on thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties, particularly for hydrogen atoms. In our studies, we examine these NQEs for the excess electrons in various water systems. We obtained structures from mixed classical-quantum simulations for water cluster anions and the hydrated electron by incorporating the quantum effects of atomic nuclei with the filtration of the classical trajectories. Absorption spectra were determined at different theoretical levels. Our results indicate significant NQEs, red shift, and broadening of the spectra for hydrated electron systems. This study demonstrates the applicability of GSTA to complex systems, providing insights into NQEs on energetic and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Turi
- Institute
of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Bence Baranyi
- Institute
of Chemistry, ELTE, Eötvös
Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Ádám Madarász
- Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Kananenka AA, Strong SE, Skinner JL. Dephasing and Decoherence in Vibrational and Electronic Line Shapes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1531-1542. [PMID: 31990552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b11655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Absorption and emission line shapes of vibrational and electronic transitions in liquids are broadened by interactions with the "bath" (in this case, the rotational and translational degrees of freedom of all the molecules in the liquid). If these degrees of freedom are treated classically, the broadening process is often known as dephasing. If, on the other hand, the bath degrees of freedom are instead treated quantum mechanically, there is additional broadening due to what is known in the chemical-physics literature as decoherence. The question addressed in this paper is the relative importance of decoherence (bath quantum effects) and dephasing. We present general developments of this subject for absorption and emission line shapes, discover several new relationships connecting classical and quantum treatments of the bath, and also consider the Stokes shift (difference in peak frequencies in absorption and emission). We next draw some general conclusions by considering a model system whose transition-frequency time-correlation function has only one bath time scale. We then consider a realistic system of the vibrational OH stretch transition of dilute HOD in liquid D2O at room temperature. For this system, we conclude that bath quantum effects are not very important, except for the Stokes shift. More generally, we argue that this is the case for many vibrational and most electronic transitions in room-temperature liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A Kananenka
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Delaware , Newark , Delaware 19716 , United States
| | - Steven E Strong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - J L Skinner
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , The University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
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3
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Borgis D, Rossky PJ, Turi L. Electronic Excited State Lifetimes of Anionic Water Clusters: Dependence on Charge Solvation Motif. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2304-2309. [PMID: 28475840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An ongoing controversy about water cluster anions concerns the electron-binding motif, whether the charge center is localized at the surface or within the cluster interior. Here, mixed quantum-classical dynamics simulations have been carried out for a wide range of cluster sizes (n ≤ 1000) for (H2O)n- and (D2O)n-, based on a nonequilibrium first-order rate constant approach. The computed data are in good general agreement with time-resolved photoelectron imaging results (n ≤ 200). The analysis reveals that, for surface state electrons, the cluster size dependence of the excited state electronic energy gap and the magnitude of the nonadiabatic couplings have compensating influences on the excited state lifetimes: the excited state lifetime for surface states reaches a minimum for n ∼ 150 and then increases for larger clusters. It is concluded that the electron resides in a surface-localized motif in all of these measured clusters, dominating at least up to n = 200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borgis
- Pôle de Chimie Théorique, UMR-CNRS PASTEUR, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 24, rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Peter J Rossky
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University , P.O. Box 1892, MS-60, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, United States
| | - László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary
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4
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Pohl G, Mones L, Turi L. Excess electrons in methanol clusters: Beyond the one-electron picture. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:164313. [PMID: 27802653 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a series of comparative quantum chemical calculations on various size negatively charged methanol clusters, CH3OHn-. The clusters are examined in their optimized geometries (n = 2-4), and in geometries taken from mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations at finite temperature (n = 2-128). These latter structures model potential electron binding sites in methanol clusters and in bulk methanol. In particular, we compute the vertical detachment energy (VDE) of an excess electron from increasing size methanol cluster anions using quantum chemical computations at various levels of theory including a one-electron pseudopotential model, several density functional theory (DFT) based methods, MP2 and coupled-cluster CCSD(T) calculations. The results suggest that at least four methanol molecules are needed to bind an excess electron on a hydrogen bonded methanol chain in a dipole bound state. Larger methanol clusters are able to form stronger interactions with an excess electron. The two simulated excess electron binding motifs in methanol clusters, interior and surface states, correlate well with distinct, experimentally found VDE tendencies with size. Interior states in a solvent cavity are stabilized significantly stronger than electron states on cluster surfaces. Although we find that all the examined quantum chemistry methods more or less overestimate the strength of the experimental excess electron stabilization, MP2, LC-BLYP, and BHandHLYP methods with diffuse basis sets provide a significantly better estimate of the VDE than traditional DFT methods (BLYP, B3LYP, X3LYP, PBE0). A comparison to the better performing many electron methods indicates that the examined one-electron pseudopotential can be reasonably used in simulations for systems of larger size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Pohl
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. Box 32, Budapest 112 H-1518, Hungary
| | - Letif Mones
- Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom
| | - László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, P. O. Box 32, Budapest 112 H-1518, Hungary
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5
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Elkins MH, Williams HL, Neumark DM. Isotope effect on hydrated electron relaxation dynamics studied with time-resolved liquid jet photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:184503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H. Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holly L. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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6
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Elkins MH, Williams HL, Neumark DM. Dynamics of electron solvation in methanol: Excited state relaxation and generation by charge-transfer-to-solvent. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:234501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4922441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H. Elkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Holly L. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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7
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Application of ring-polymer molecular dynamics to electronically nonadiabatic excess electron dynamics in water clusters: Importance of nuclear quantum effects. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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8
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Turi L, Rossky PJ. Theoretical studies of spectroscopy and dynamics of hydrated electrons. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5641-74. [PMID: 22954423 DOI: 10.1021/cr300144z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László Turi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720,
United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California
94720, United States
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10
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Abel B, Buck U, Sobolewski AL, Domcke W. On the nature and signatures of the solvated electron in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:22-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21803d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Venkataraman C. Semiclassical study of quantum coherence and isotope effects in ultrafast electron transfer reactions coupled to a proton and a phonon bath. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:204503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3662095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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12
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Herbert JM, Jacobson LD. Structure of the aqueous electron: assessment of one-electron pseudopotential models in comparison to experimental data and time-dependent density functional theory. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14470-83. [PMID: 22032635 DOI: 10.1021/jp206391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing structural paradigm for the aqueous electron is that of an s-like ground-state wave function that inhabits a quasi-spherical solvent cavity, a viewpoint that is supported by numerous atomistic simulations using various one-electron pseudopotential models. This conceptual picture has recently been challenged, however, on the basis of results obtained from a new electron-water pseudopotential model that predicts a more delocalized wave function and no well-defined solvent cavity. Here, we examine this new model in comparison to two alternative, cavity-forming pseudopotential models. We find that the cavity-forming models are far more consistent with the experimental data for the electron's radius of gyration, optical absorption spectrum, and vertical electron binding energy. Calculations of the absorption spectrum using time-dependent density functional theory are in quantitative or semiquantitative agreement with experiment when the solvent geometries are obtained from the cavity-forming pseudopotential models, but differ markedly from experiment when geometries that do not form a cavity are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Herbert
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.
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13
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Herbert JM, Jacobson LD. Nature's most squishy ion: The important role of solvent polarization in the description of the hydrated electron. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2010.535342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Jacobson LD, Herbert JM. A one-electron model for the aqueous electron that includes many-body electron-water polarization: Bulk equilibrium structure, vertical electron binding energy, and optical absorption spectrum. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:154506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3490479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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15
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Choi TH, Sommerfeld T, Yilmaz SL, Jordan KD. Discrete Variable Representation Implementation of the One-Electron Polarization Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2010; 6:2388-94. [DOI: 10.1021/ct100263r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - S Levent Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Kenneth D Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Center for Simulation and Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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16
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Singh J, Bittner ER. Isotopic effect and temperature dependent intramolecular excitation energy transfer in a model donor–acceptor dyad. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7418-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c003113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Fischer SF, Dietz W. Long Range Nonadiabatic Couplings and the Cluster-Size Dependence of the Lifetime of Excited Hydrated Electrons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.5.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The recently observed linear dependence of the lifetime of excited hydrated electrons upon the inverse of the cluster size is explained in terms of a nonadiabatic long range coupling mechanism. It is due to dipolar interactions between the p→s transition and the excitation of the infrared active modes of the solvent water molecules.
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18
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Turi L, Hantal G, Rossky PJ, Borgis D. Nuclear quantum effects in electronically adiabatic quantum time correlation functions: Application to the absorption spectrum of a hydrated electron. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:024119. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3173276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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20
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Jacobson LD, Williams CF, Herbert JM. The static-exchange electron-water pseudopotential, in conjunction with a polarizable water model: A new Hamiltonian for hydrated-electron simulations. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:124115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3089425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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21
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Griffin GB, Young RM, Ehrler OT, Neumark DM. Electronic relaxation dynamics in large anionic water clusters: (H[sub 2]O)[sub n]−] and (D[sub 2]O)[sub n]−] (n=25–200). J Chem Phys 2009; 131:194302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3263419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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22
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Sommerfeld T, DeFusco A, Jordan KD. Model Potential Approaches for Describing the Interaction of Excess Electrons with Water Clusters: Incorporation of Long-Range Correlation Effects. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11021-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sommerfeld
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Albert DeFusco
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
| | - Kenneth D. Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, and Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular and Materials Simulations, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
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23
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Gantchev TG, Hunting DJ. Probing the interactions of the solvated electron with DNA by molecular dynamics simulations: II. bromodeoxyuridine-thymidine mismatched DNA. J Mol Model 2008; 15:9-23. [PMID: 18936988 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 09/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of solvated electrons (e(-)(aq)) with DNA results in various types of DNA lesions. The in vitro and in vivo sensitisation of DNA to (e(-)(aq))-induced damage is achieved by incorporation of the electron-affinity radiosensitiser bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) in place of thymidine. However, in DNA duplexes containing single-stranded regions (bulged BUdR-DNA), the type of lesion is different and the efficiency of damage is enhanced. In particular, DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICL) form at high efficiency in bulged DNA but are not detectable in completely duplex DNA. Knowledge about the processes and interactions leading to these differences is obscure. Previously, we addressed the problem by applying molecular modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to a system of normal (BUdR.A)-DNA and a hydrated electron, where the excess electron was modelled as a localised e(-)(H2O6) anionic cluster. The goal of the present study was to apply the same MD simulation to a wobble DNA-e(-)(aq) system, containing a pyrimidine-pyrimidine mismatched base pair, BUdR.T. The results show an overall dynamic pattern similar to that of the e(-)(aq) motion around normal DNA. However, the number of configuration states when e(-)(aq)) was particularly close to DNA is different. Moreover, in the (BUdR.T)-wobble DNA system, the electron frequently approaches the brominated strand, including BUdR, which was not observed with the normal (BUdR.A)-DNA. The structure and exchange of water at the sites of e(-)(aq) immobilisation near DNA were also characterised. The structural dynamics of the wobble DNA is prone to more extensive perturbations, including frequent formation of cross-strand (cs) interatomic contacts. The structural deviations correlated with e(-)(aq) approaching DNA from the major groove side, with sodium ions trapped deep in the minor groove. Altogether, the obtained results confirm and/or throw light on dynamic-structure determinants possibly responsible for the enhanced radiation damage of wobble DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetan G Gantchev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H5N4, Canada.
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24
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Analytical gradient for geometry optimizations of (H2O)n- clusters as described by the PM1 polarizable model. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Hanna G, Geva E. Computational Study of the One and Two Dimensional Infrared Spectra of a Vibrational Mode Strongly Coupled to Its Environment: Beyond the Cumulant and Condon Approximations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:12991-3004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804120v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and FOCUS center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry and FOCUS center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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26
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Hanna G, Geva E. Vibrational Energy Relaxation of a Hydrogen-Bonded Complex Dissolved in a Polar Liquid via the Mixed Quantum−Classical Liouville Method. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:4048-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp076155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hanna
- Department of Chemistry and FOCUS center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry and FOCUS center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055
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28
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Wang CR, Luo T, Lu QB. On the lifetimes and physical nature of incompletely relaxed electrons in liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:4463-70. [DOI: 10.1039/b806287k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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29
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Borgis D, Rossky PJ, Turi L. Nuclear quantum effects on the nonadiabatic decay mechanism of an excited hydrated electron. J Chem Phys 2007; 127:174508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2780868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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30
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Stuart CM, Tauber MJ, Mathies RA. Structure and Dynamics of the Solvated Electron in Alcohols from Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8390-400. [PMID: 17676822 DOI: 10.1021/jp068283q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is used to probe the structure and excited-state dynamics of the solvated electron in the primary liquid alcohols methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), n-propanol (n-PrOH), and n-butanol (n-BuOH). The strong resonance enhancements (>or=10(4) relative to pure solvent) of the libration, CO stretch, COH bend, CH3 bend, CH2 bend, and OH stretch reveal significant Franck-Condon coupling of the intermolecular and intramolecular vibrational modes of the solvent to the electronic excitation of the solvated electron. All enhanced bands are fully accounted for by a model of the solvated electron that is comprised of several nearby solvent molecules that are only perturbed by the presence of the electron; no new molecular species are required to explain our data. The 340 cm(-1) downshift observed for the OH stretch frequency of e-(MeOH), relative to pure solvent, strongly suggests that the methanol molecules in the first solvent shell have the hydroxyl group directed linearly toward the excess electron density. The smaller downshifts observed for e-(EtOH), e-(n-PrOH), and e-(n-BuOH) are explained in terms of a OH group that is bent 28-40 degrees from linear. The Raman cross sections and absorption spectra are modeled, lending quantitative support for the inhomogeneous origin of the broad absorption spectra, the necessity of OH local motion in all enhanced Raman modes of the alcohols, and the dominant librational response of the solvent upon photoexcitation of the electron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Stuart
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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31
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Kammrath A, Griffin GB, Verlet JRR, Young RM, Neumark DM. Time-resolved photoelectron imaging of large anionic methanol clusters: (Methanol)n−(n∼145–535). J Chem Phys 2007; 126:244306. [PMID: 17614548 DOI: 10.1063/1.2747618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of an excess electron in size-selected methanol clusters is studied via pump-probe spectroscopy with resolution of approximately 120 fs. Following excitation, the excess electron undergoes internal conversion back to the ground state with lifetimes of 260-175 fs in (CH3OH)n- (n=145-535) and 280-230 fs in (CD3OD)n- (n=210-390), decreasing with increasing cluster size. The clusters then undergo vibrational relaxation on the ground state on a time scale of 760+/-250 fs. The excited state lifetimes for (CH3OH)n- clusters extrapolate to a value of 157+/-25 fs in the limit of infinite cluster size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aster Kammrath
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Bedard-Hearn MJ, Larsen RE, Schwartz BJ. Moving solvated electrons with light: Nonadiabatic mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulations of the relocalization of photoexcited solvated electrons in tetrahydrofuran (THF). J Chem Phys 2006; 125:194509. [PMID: 17129125 DOI: 10.1063/1.2358131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivated by recent ultrafast spectroscopic experiments [Martini et al., Science 293, 462 (2001)], which suggest that photoexcited solvated electrons in tetrahydrofuran (THF) can relocalize (that is, return to equilibrium in solvent cavities far from where they started), we performed a series of nonequilibrium, nonadiabatic, mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulations that mimic one-photon excitation of the THF-solvated electron. We find that as photoexcited THF-solvated electrons relax to their ground states either by continuous mixing from the excited state or via nonadiabatic transitions, approximately 30% of them relocalize into cavities that can be over 1 nm away from where they originated, in close agreement with the experiments. A detailed investigation shows that the ability of excited THF-solvated electrons to undergo photoinduced relocalization stems from the existence of preexisting cavity traps that are an intrinsic part of the structure of liquid THF. This explains why solvated electrons can undergo photoinduced relocalization in solvents like THF but not in solvents like water, which lack the preexisting traps necessary to stabilize the excited electron in other places in the fluid. We also find that even when they do not ultimately relocalize, photoexcited solvated electrons in THF temporarily visit other sites in the fluid, explaining why the photoexcitation of THF-solvated electrons is so efficient at promoting recombination with nearby scavengers. Overall, our study shows that the defining characteristic of a liquid that permits the photoassisted relocalization of solvated electrons is the existence of nascent cavities that are attractive to an excess electron; we propose that other such liquids can be found from classical computer simulations or neutron diffraction experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bedard-Hearn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, USA
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