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Mansuri A, Vora P, Feuerbach T, Winck J, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Kierfeld J, Thommes M. A Monte Carlo simulation of tracer diffusion in amorphous polymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6204-6214. [PMID: 39046259 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Tracer diffusion in amorphous polymers is a sought-after quantity for a range of technological applications. In this regard, a quantitative description of the so-called decoupling from the reverse proportionality between viscosity and diffusion coefficient into a fractional one remains a challenge requiring a deeper insight. This work employs a Monte Carlo simulation framework in 3 dimensions to investigate the consequences of different scenarios for estimating this fractional exponent on the diffusion coefficient of tracers in polymers near glass transition. To this end, we adopted a continuous-time random walk model for tracer diffusion in the supercooled liquid state. The waiting time distribution of the diffusants was computed based on the rotational correlation times of the polymer. This proposed procedure is of particular interest because it brings the quantity of waiting time (and its statistics) in connection with the measurable observable of rotational times. In the framework of our simulations the aforementioned fractional exponent appears in the relation between the diffusant's waiting time and the rotational time of the diffusion medium. A limited comparison with experimental diffusivities from the literature revealed a reasonable agreement with a fractional exponent on the basis of the molar volumes of the diffusant and the monomeric unit. Finally, an analysis of time-averaged mean squared displacement pointed to normal Brownian dynamics for tracer diffusion in polymers above the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansuri
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
- INVITE GmbH, 51061 Cologne, Germany
| | - Paras Vora
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | | | - Judith Winck
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - A W P Vermeer
- ENVU, 2022 ES Deutschland GmbH, 40789 Monheim, Germany.
| | | | - Jan Kierfeld
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Markus Thommes
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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2
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Men H. A joint diffusion/collision model for crystal growth in pure liquid metals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5749. [PMID: 38982068 PMCID: PMC11233554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of atomic attachments at the liquid/solid interface is one of the foundations of solidification theory, and to date one of the long-standing questions remains: whether or not the growth is thermal activated in pure liquid metals. Using molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning, I have demonstrated that a considerable fraction of liquid atoms at the interfaces of Al(111), (110) and (100) needs thermal activation for growth to take place while the others attach to the crystal without an energy barrier. My joint diffusion/collision model is proved to be robust in predicting the general growth behaviour of pure metals. Here, I show this model is able to quantitatively describe the temperature dependence of growth kinetics and to properly interpret some important experimental observations, and it significantly advances our understanding of solidification theory and also is useful for modelling solidification, phase change materials and lithium dendrite growth in lithium-ion battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Men
- BCAST, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK.
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3
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Luo M, Chen A, Huang C, Guo M, Cai T. Effects of Polymers on Cocrystal Growth in a Drug-Drug Coamorphous System: Relations between Glass-to-Crystal Growth and Surface-Enhanced Crystal Growth. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3591-3602. [PMID: 38818946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Coamorphous and cocrystal drug delivery systems provide attractive crystal engineering strategies for improving the solubilities, dissolution rates, and oral bioavailabilities of poorly water-soluble drugs. Polymeric additives have often been used to inhibit the unwanted crystallization of amorphous drugs. However, the transformation of a coamorphous phase to a cocrystal phase in the presence of polymers has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects of low concentrations of the polymeric excipients poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) on the growth of carbamazepine-celecoxib (CBZ-CEL) cocrystals from the corresponding coamorphous phase. PEO accelerated the growth rate of the cocrystals by increasing the molecular mobility of the coamorphous system, while PVP had the opposite effect. The coamorphous CBZ-CEL system exhibited two anomalously fast crystal growth modes: glass-to-crystal (GC) growth in the bulk and accelerated crystal growth at the free surface. These two fast growth modes both disappeared after doping with PEO (1-3% w/w) but were retained in the presence of PVP, indicating a potential correlation between the two fast crystal growth modes. We propose that the different effects of PEO and PVP on the crystal growth modes arose from weaker effects of the polymers on cocrystallization at the surface than in the bulk. This work provides a deep understanding of the mechanisms by which polymers influence the cocrystallization kinetics of a multicomponent amorphous phase and highlights the importance of polymer selection in stabilizing coamorphous systems or preparing cocrystals via solid-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqian Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - An Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chengbin Huang
- CMC Drug Product, Research and Development, BeiGene Co., Inc., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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4
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Yang S, Shi HY, Liu J, Lai YY, Bayer Ö, Fan LW. Supercooled erythritol for high-performance seasonal thermal energy storage. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4948. [PMID: 38862486 PMCID: PMC11166931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal storage of solar thermal energy through supercooled phase change materials (PCM) offers a promising solution for decarbonizing space and water heating in winter. Despite the high energy density and adaptability, natural PCMs often lack the necessary supercooling for stable, long-term storage. Leveraging erythritol, a sustainable mid-temperature PCM with high latent heat, we introduce a straightforward method to stabilize its supercooling by incorporating carrageenan (CG), a bio-derived food thickener. By improving the solid-liquid interfacial energy with the addition of CG the latent heat of erythritol can be effectively locked at a very low temperature. We show that the composite PCM can sustain an ultrastable supercooled state below -30 °C, which guarantees no accidental loss of the latent heat in severe cold regions on Earth. We further demonstrate that the common ultrasonication method can be used as the key to unlocking the latent heat stored in the CG-thickened erythritol, showing its great potential to serve as a high-performance, eco-friendly PCM for long-term seasonal solar energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Özgür Bayer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Li-Wu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Grönniger B, Fritschka E, Kimpe K, Singh A, Sadowski G. Simultaneous Water Sorption and Crystallization in ASDs 2: Modeling Long-Term Stabilities. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2908-2921. [PMID: 38743928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a major topic in the formulation research of oral dosage forms. To minimize the effort of investigating the long-term stability using cost- and time-consuming experiments, we developed a thermodynamic and kinetic modeling framework to predict and understand the crystallization kinetics of ASDs during long-term storage below the glass transition. Since crystallization of the active phrarmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in ASDs largely depends on the amount of water absorbed by the ASDs, water-sorption kinetics and API-crystallization kinetics were considered simultaneously. The developed modeling approach allows prediction of the time evolution of viscosity, supersaturation, and crystallinity as a function of drug load, relative humidity, and temperature. It was applied and evaluated against two-year-lasting crystallization experiments of ASDs containing nifedipine and copovidone or HPMCAS measured in part I of this work. We could show that the proposed modeling approach is able to describe the interplay between water sorption and API crystallization and to predict long-term stabilities of ASDs just based on short-term measurements. Most importantly, it enables explaining and understanding the reasons for different and sometimes even unexpected crystallization behaviors of ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Grönniger
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| | - Espen Fritschka
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| | - Kristof Kimpe
- Janssen Pharmaceutica R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Singh
- Janssen Pharmaceutica R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, Beerse B-2340, Belgium
| | - Gabriele Sadowski
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Thermodynamics, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 70, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
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6
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Zaykovskaya A, Amano B, Louhi-Kultanen M. Influence of Viscosity on Variously Scaled Batch Cooling Crystallization from Aqueous Erythritol, Glucose, Xylitol, and Xylose Solutions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:2700-2712. [PMID: 38585378 PMCID: PMC10995941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive comparison of the batch cooling crystallization performance of aqueous solutions containing sugars and sugar alcohols, namely, erythritol, glucose, xylitol, and xylose. Erythritol and xylitol are commonly used alternative sweeteners to replace sucrose. They can be obtained by fermentation-based bioprocesses, where glucose and xylose are typical raw materials. These model compounds were selected based on their differing rheological nature: saturated erythritol solution has a viscosity lower than 3 mPa·s, whereas xylitol has the highest viscosity: greater than 90 mPa·s in the studied temperature range. Viscosities and densities of saturated solutions as well as apparent viscosities of crystal-mother liquor suspensions were measured. The purpose was to evaluate their crystallization behavior within a specific temperature range from 40 to 20 °C and batch time of 2 h, with the aim of understanding the influence of viscosity on the process more comprehensively. The comparison within the selected compound systems was carried out in terms of the physical properties of the mother liquor and the crystalline product. In addition to empirical laboratory-scale (0.1 and 1 L) studies, larger-scale simulations (1 and 100 m3) were performed with the experimental data obtained on average particle size, density, and viscosity for mother liquor and crystal-mother liquor suspensions. Mixing characteristics, such as the dissipation energy, mass transfer coefficient, energy of collisions, and micromixing time, were calculated with VisiMix software when using a single or dual impeller mixer. Furthermore, the scaling up of erythritol, xylitol, glucose, and xylose batch cooling crystallization from 40 to 20 °C based on the scaling-up rule of constant tip speed and energy of dissipation was done with VisiMix to obtain overall data on mixing conditions with crystallizers of 1 and 100 m3 in volume. Furthermore, ANSYS CFD software was used to determine the strain rates close to the impeller tip and velocity profiles on various crystallizer scales.
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7
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Svoboda R, Kozlová K. Thermo-Structural Characterization of Phase Transitions in Amorphous Griseofulvin: From Sub-T g Relaxation and Crystal Growth to High-Temperature Decomposition. Molecules 2024; 29:1516. [PMID: 38611796 PMCID: PMC11013327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The processes of structural relaxation, crystal growth, and thermal decomposition were studied for amorphous griseofulvin (GSF) by means of thermo-analytical, microscopic, spectroscopic, and diffraction techniques. The activation energy of ~395 kJ·mol-1 can be attributed to the structural relaxation motions described in terms of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan model. Whereas the bulk amorphous GSF is very stable, the presence of mechanical defects and micro-cracks results in partial crystallization initiated by the transition from the glassy to the under-cooled liquid state (at ~80 °C). A key aspect of this crystal growth mode is the presence of a sufficiently nucleated vicinity of the disrupted amorphous phase; the crystal growth itself is a rate-determining step. The main macroscopic (calorimetrically observed) crystallization process occurs in amorphous GSF at 115-135 °C. In both cases, the common polymorph I is dominantly formed. Whereas the macroscopic crystallization of coarse GSF powder exhibits similar activation energy (~235 kJ·mol-1) as that of microscopically observed growth in bulk material, the activation energy of the fine GSF powder macroscopic crystallization gradually changes (as temperature and/or heating rate increase) from the activation energy of microscopic surface growth (~105 kJ·mol-1) to that observed for the growth in bulk GSF. The macroscopic crystal growth kinetics can be accurately described in terms of the complex mechanism, utilizing two independent autocatalytic Šesták-Berggren processes. Thermal decomposition of GSF proceeds identically in N2 and in air atmospheres with the activation energy of ~105 kJ·mol-1. The coincidence of the GSF melting temperature and the onset of decomposition (both at 200 °C) indicates that evaporation may initiate or compete with the decomposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;
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8
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Deptuch A, Lalik S, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Urbańska M, Marzec M. Crystallization kinetics of ( S)-4'-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[4-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)but-1-oxy]-2-fluorobenzoate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10144-10155. [PMID: 38488033 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00198b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chiral liquid crystalline compounds belonging to the homologous series of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[m-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)alk-1-oxy]-2-fluorobenzoates show various behaviors on cooling depending on the length of the CmH2m chain. The homologue with m = 2 crystallizes, while for m = 5, 6, 7, and presumably also for m = 3, the glass of the anticlinic smectic CA* phase is formed. The previous results for m = 4 suggest that this homologue may also be a glassformer. This paper presents the study of the crystallization kinetics for the compound with m = 4 in isothermal conditions (by polarizing optical microscopy) and for the 5-40 K min-1 cooling rates (by differential scanning calorimetry). Microscopic observations enable estimation of the energy barrier for nucleation, which equals 409 kJ mol-1. The threshold cooling rate necessary for complete vitrification of the smectic CA* phase, obtained by extrapolating the enthalpy change during crystallization to zero, is equal to 81 K min-1 or 64 K min-1 for the linear and parabolic fits, respectively. The structural studies by X-ray diffraction show that crystal phases have lamellar structures both in the pristine sample and after crystallization from the melt but with different layer spacing. A weak relaxation process is detected in the sample after melt crystallization, revealing the presence of the conformational disorder. The dynamic glass transition temperature of the SmCA* phase, estimated from the relaxation time of the PH process (as the α-relaxation time could not be registered in a wide enough temperature range), is 244 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, Kraków PL-31342, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Lalik
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków PL-30348, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, Warsaw PL-00908, Poland
| | - Monika Marzec
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, Kraków PL-30348, Poland
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9
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Drzewicz A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Kula P, Juszyńska-Gałązka E. Effect of the linking bridge type on the self-assembly behaviour of 2',3'-difluoroterphenyl derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8748-8760. [PMID: 38416415 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00133h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The self-assembly behaviour and the crystallization kinetics of two liquid crystal compounds containing 2',3'-difluorosubstituted terphenyl as the mesogenic core have been described. Calorimetric studies show that the linking bridge type affects the polymorphism of smectic phases. The CH2O.3 compound with the -CH2O- linking bridge connected with a longer methylene spacer possesses the chiral smectic phase with antiferroelectric properties (SmCA* phase), while the COO.6 liquid crystal with the -COO- linking bridge connected with a shorter alkyl chain forms the chiral smectic phase with ferroelectric properties (SmC* phase). Both compounds crystallize upon slow cooling, while fast cooling causes the vitrification of the conformationally disordered crystal phase. Dielectric measurements reveal the complex relaxation dynamics in the identified thermodynamic states. DFT calculations allow us to estimate the nature of relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, PL-00908 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
- Research Center for Thermal and Entropic Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 560-0043 Osaka, Japan
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10
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Svoboda R, Macháčková J, Nevyhoštěná M, Komersová A. Thermal stability of amorphous nimesulide: from glass formation to crystal growth and thermal degradation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:856-872. [PMID: 38087904 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Thermally induced physico-chemical transformations in amorphous nimesulide were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry, and Raman microscopy. The equilibrium glass transition temperature was found to be Tg0 = 10-15 °C, and the relaxation motions were found to be temperature-dependent. Crystal growth from the amorphous phase was found to be crucially dependent on the presence of mechanical defects that serve as centers for heterogeneous nucleation. The large amounts of mechanical defects significantly decrease the activation energy of the macroscopic crystallization; the positions of the crystallization peaks and their asymmetry/shape remain however almost unchanged. At laboratory temperature, powdered nimesulide fully crystallizes within several hours, with an absolute majority of the crystalline phase being formed as the thermodynamically stable form I polymorph. Amorphous nimesulide does not crystallize from the free smooth surface (no trace of formed crystallites was found by optical microscopy after 30 days at laboratory temperature). Nimesulide was found to be very stable at temperatures above its melting point of 147.5 °C; thermal degradation starts to proceed slowly at 200 °C. Mutual correlations between the macroscopic and microscopic crystal growth processes and between the viscous flow and structural relaxation motions were discussed based on the values of the corresponding activation energies. A link between the cooperativity of structural domains, parameters of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan relaxation model, and microscopic crystal growth was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Macháčková
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Nevyhoštěná
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Alena Komersová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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11
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Mansuri A, Völkel M, Mihiranga D, Feuerbach T, Winck J, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Thommes M. Predicting self-diffusion coefficients in semi-crystalline and amorphous solid dispersions using free volume theory. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:107-120. [PMID: 37423417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-diffusion coefficient of active ingredients (AI) in polymeric solid dispersions is one of the essential parameters for the rational formulation design in life sciences. Measuring this parameter for products in their application temperature range can, however, be difficult to realise and time-consuming (due to the slow kinetics of diffusion). The aim of this study is to present a simple and time-saving platform for predicting the AI self-diffusivity in amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers on the basis of a modified version of Vrentas' and Duda's free volume theory (FVT) [A. Mansuri, M. Völkel, T. Feuerbach, J. Winck, A.W.P. Vermeer, W. Hoheisel, M. Thommes, Modified free volume theory for self-diffusion of small molecules in amorphous polymers, Macromolecules. (2023)]. The predictive model discussed in this work requires pure-component properties as its input and covers the approximate temperature range of T < 1.2 Tg, the whole compositional range of the binary mixtures (as long as a molecular mixture is present), and the whole crystallinity range of the polymer. In this context, the self-diffusion coefficients of the AIs imidacloprid, indomethacin, and deltamethrin were predicted in polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate, polystyrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene. The results highlight the profound importance of the kinetic fragility of the solid dispersion on the molecular migration; a property which in some cases might entail higher self-diffusion coefficients despite an increase in the molecular weight of the polymer. We interpret this observation within the context of the theory of heterogeneous dynamics in glass-formers [M.D. Ediger, Spatially heterogeneous dynamics in supercooled liquids, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 51 (2000) 99-128] by attributing it to the stronger presence of "fluid-like" mobile regions in fragile polymers offering facilitated routes for the AI diffusion within the dispersion. The modified FVT further allows for identifying the influence of some structural and thermophysical material properties on the translational mobility of AIs in binary dispersions with polymers. In addition, estimates of self-diffusivity in semi-crystalline polymers are provided by further accounting for the tortuosity of the diffusion paths and the chain immobilisation at the interface of the amorphous and crystalline phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansuri
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany; INVITE GmbH, 51061 Cologne, Germany
| | - Milan Völkel
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dilshan Mihiranga
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Judith Winck
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Thommes
- TU Dortmund University, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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12
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Singh A, Kim Y, Henry R, Ade H, Mitzi DB. Study of Glass Formation and Crystallization Kinetics in a 2D Metal Halide Perovskite Using Ultrafast Calorimetry. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18623-18633. [PMID: 37552801 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
While crystalline 2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) represent a well-celebrated semiconductor class, supporting applications in the fields of photovoltaics, emitters, and sensors, the recent discovery of glass formation in an MHP opens many new opportunities associated with reversible glass-crystalline switching, with each state offering distinct optoelectronic properties. However, the previously reported [S-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium]2PbBr4 perovskite is a strong glass former with sluggish glass-crystal transformation time scales, pointing to a need for glassy MHPs with a broader range of compositions and crystallization kinetics. Herein we report glass formation for low-melting-temperature 1-MeHa2PbI4 (1-MeHa = 1-methyl-hexylammonium) using ultrafast calorimetry, thereby extending the range of MHP glass formation across a broader range of organic (fused ring to branched aliphatic) and halide (bromide to iodide) compositions. The importance of a slight loss of organic and hydrogen iodide components from the MHP in stabilizing the glassy state is elucidated. Furthermore, the underlying kinetics of glass-crystal transformation, including activation energies, crystal growth rate, Angell plot, and fragility index, is studied using a combination of kinetic, thermodynamic, and rheological modeling techniques. An inferred fast crystal growth rate of 0.21 m/s for 1-MeHa2PbI4 shows promise toward suitability in extended application spaces, for example, in metamaterials, nonvolatile memory, and optical and neuromorphic computing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yongshin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Reece Henry
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory (ORaCEL), Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratory (ORaCEL), Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Bowles RK, Harrowell P. Crystal Growth Rates from Molecular Liquids: The Kinetics of Entropy Loss. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4126-4134. [PMID: 37126656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been established empirically that the rate of addition of molecules to the crystal during crystal growth from the melt is proportional to exp(-|ΔSfus|/R), where ΔSfus is the entropy of fusion. Here we show that this entropic slowdown arises directly from the separation of the entropy loss and energy loss processes associated with the freezing of the liquid. We present a theoretical treatment of the kinetics based on a model flat energy landscape and derive an explicit expression for the coupling magnitude in terms of the crystal-melt interfacial free energy. The implications of our work for nucleation kinetics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Bowles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7H 0H1 3
- Centre for Quantum Topology and its Applications (quanTA), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E6 4
| | - Peter Harrowell
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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14
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Ren B, Li Z, Zhang Y, Feng S, Wang L. New Interpretation of Glass Formation in Isomeric Substances: Shifting from Melting-Point to Melting-Entropy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206389. [PMID: 36792966 PMCID: PMC10104644 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the critical thermodynamic parameters determining the glass formation of substances is of great significance for understanding the glass transition and guiding the composition design of glass-forming materials. Nevertheless, the direct access to glass-forming ability (GFA) by thermodynamics for various substances remains to be substantiated. The strategy to seek the fundamental properties of glass formation is explored several decades ago, as pioneered by Angell, arguing that the GFA in isomeric xylenes depends on the low lattice energy manifested by the low melting point. Here, an in-depth study is advanced using two more isomeric systems. Surprisingly, the results do not constantly support the reported relationship between the melting point and glass formation among isomeric molecules. Instead, molecules with enhanced glass formability are featured by the properties of low melting entropy without exception. Comprehensive studies of isomeric molecules find that the low melting entropy is roughly accompanied by the low melting point, explaining the apparent link between melting point and glass formation. Progressively, the viscosity measurements of the isomers uncover a strong dependence of the melting viscosity on melting entropy. These results emphasize the significance of the melting entropy in governing the glass formability of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokang Ren
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Zijing Li
- Key Lab for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei ProvinceSchool of ScienceYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Shidong Feng
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
| | - Li‐Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringYanshan UniversityQinhuangdaoHebei066004China
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15
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Shi Q, Wang Y, Kong J. Crystallization of Amorphous Nimesulide: The Relationship between Crystal Growth Kinetics and Liquid Dynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072919. [PMID: 37049679 PMCID: PMC10095769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding crystallization and its correlations with liquid dynamics is relevant for developing robust amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Herein, nimesulide, a classical anti-inflammatory agent, was used as a model system for studying the correlations between crystallization kinetics and molecular dynamics. Kinetic parts of crystal growth (ukin) of nimesulide exhibited a power law dependence upon the liquid viscosity (η) as ukin~η-0.61. Bulk molecular diffusivities (DBulk) of nimesulide were predicted by a force-level statistical-mechanical model from the α-relaxation times, which revealed the relationship as ukin~Dbulk0.65. Bulk crystal growth kinetics of nimesulide in deeply supercooled liquid exhibited a fragility-dependent decoupling from τα. The correlations between growth kinetics and α-relaxation times predicted by the Adam-Gibbs-Vogel equation in a glassy state were also explored, for both the freshly made and fully equilibrated glass. These findings are relevant for the in-depth understanding and prediction of the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jianfei Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
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16
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Mansuri A, Münzner P, Heermant A, Patzina F, Feuerbach T, Winck J, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Böhmer R, Gainaru C, Thommes M. Molecular Dynamics and Diffusion in Amorphous Solid Dispersions Containing Imidacloprid. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2067-2079. [PMID: 36930788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study is to develop an experimental toolbox to estimate the self-diffusion coefficient of active ingredients (AI) in single-phase amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) close to the glass transition of the mixture using dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and oscillatory rheology. The proposed methodology is tested for a model system containing the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) and the copolymer copovidone (PVP/VA) prepared via hot-melt extrusion. For this purpose, reorientational and the viscoelastic structural (α-)relaxation time constants of hot-melt-extruded ASDs were obtained via DS and shear rheology, respectively. These were then utilized to extract the viscosity as well as the fragility index of the dispersions as input parameters to the fractional Stokes-Einstein (F-SE) relation. Furthermore, a modified version of Almond-West (AW) formalism, originally developed to describe charge diffusion in ionic conductors, was exercised on the present model system for the estimation of the AI diffusion coefficients based on shear modulus relaxation times. Our results revealed that, at the calorimetric glass-transition temperature (Tg), the self-diffusion coefficients of the AI in the compositional range from infinite dilution up to 60 wt % IMI content lied in the narrow range of 10-18-10-20 m2 s-1, while the viscosity values of the dispersions at Tg varied between 108 Pa s and 1010 Pa s. In addition, the phase diagram of the IMI-PVP/VA system was determined using the melting point depression method via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), while mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the intermolecular interactions within the solid dispersions. In this respect, the findings of a modest variation in melting point at different compositions stayed in agreement with the observations of weak hydrogen bonding interactions between the AI and the polymer. Moreover, IR spectroscopy showed the intermolecular IMI-IMI hydrogen bonding to have been considerably suppressed, as a result of the spatial separation of the AI molecules within the ASDs. In summary, this study provides experimental approaches to study diffusivity in ASDs using DS and oscillatory rheology, in addition to contributing to an enhanced understanding of the interactions and phase behavior in these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansuri
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,INVITE GmbH, 51061 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Münzner
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anrika Heermant
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabian Patzina
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Judith Winck
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - Roland Böhmer
- Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Catalin Gainaru
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Markus Thommes
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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17
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Lucas P, Takeda W, Pries J, Benke-Jacob J, Wuttig M. Fast crystallization below the glass transition temperature in hyperquenched systems. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:054502. [PMID: 36754790 DOI: 10.1063/5.0136306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many phase change materials (PCMs) are found to crystallize without exhibiting a glass transition endotherm upon reheating. In this paper, we review experimental evidence revealing that these PCMs and likely other hyperquenched molecular and metallic systems can crystallize from the glassy state when reheated at a standard rate. Among these evidences, PCMs annealed below the glass transition temperature Tg exhibit slower crystallization kinetics despite an increase in the number of sub-critical nuclei that should promote the crystallization speed. Flash calorimetry uncovers the glass transition endotherm hidden by crystallization and reveals a distinct change in kinetics when crystallization switches from the glassy to the supercooled liquid state. The resulting Tg value also rationalizes the presence of the pre-Tg relaxation exotherm ubiquitous of hyperquenched systems. Finally, the shift in crystallization temperature during annealing exhibits a non-exponential decay that is characteristic of structural relaxation in the glass. Modeling using a modified Turnbull equation for nucleation rate supports the existence of sub-Tg fast crystallization and emphasizes the benefit of a fragile-to-strong transition for PCM applications due to a reduction in crystallization at low temperature (improved data retention) and increasing its speed at high temperature (faster computing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lucas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, USA
| | - Wataru Takeda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85712, USA
| | - Julian Pries
- Institute of Physics IA, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Benke-Jacob
- Institute of Physics IA, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wuttig
- Institute of Physics IA, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Ritonavir Form III: A New Polymorph After 24 Years. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:237-242. [PMID: 36195132 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism occurs widely in pharmaceutical solids, and must be thoroughly studied during product development. Twenty-four years after ritonavir (RTV) Form II materialized, we report a new polymorph, Form III, discovered via melt crystallization. Form III has a unique PXRD pattern, Raman spectrum, lower melting point and heat of fusion, compared to the known polymorphs, Form I and Form II. It is the least stable form, monotropically, among the three polymorphs. Form III differs from Form I and Form II in molecular conformation and hydrogen bonding motifs in crystal lattice. Nucleation from RTV supercooled liquid is slow, and selected Form III exclusively. The discovery of RTV Form III demonstrates the importance of crystal nucleation studies. Crystallization from supercooled liquids should be incorporated as part of polymorph screening workflow.
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19
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Kinetics of cold crystallization in two liquid crystalline fluorinated homologues exhibiting the vitrified smectic CA* phase. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Xu X, Douglas JF, Xu WS. Thermodynamic–Dynamic Interrelations in Glass-Forming Polymer Fluids. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Wen-Sheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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21
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Svoboda R, Košťálová D, Krbal M, Komersová A. Indomethacin: The Interplay between Structural Relaxation, Viscous Flow and Crystal Growth. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27175668. [PMID: 36080433 PMCID: PMC9458118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to study the influences of particle size (daver) and heating rate (q+) on the structural relaxation, crystal growth and decomposition kinetics of amorphous indomethacin. The structural relaxation and decomposition processes exhibited daver-independent kinetics, with the q+ dependences based on the apparent activation energies of 342 and 106 kJ·mol-1, respectively. The DSC-measured crystal growth kinetics played a dominant role in the nucleation throughout the total macroscopic amorphous-to-crystalline transformation: the change from the zero-order to the autocatalytic mechanism with increasing q+, the significant alteration of kinetics, with the storage below the glass transition temperature, and the accelerated crystallization due to mechanically induced defects. Whereas slow q+ led to the formation of the thermodynamically stable γ polymorph, fast q+ produced a significant amount of the metastable α polymorph. Mutual correlations between the macroscopic and microscopic crystal growth processes, and between the viscous flow and structural relaxation motions, were discussed based on the values of the corresponding activation energies. Notably, this approach helped us to distinguish between particular crystal growth modes in the case of the powdered indomethacin materials. Ediger's decoupling parameter was used to quantify the relationship between the viscosity and crystal growth. The link between the cooperativity of structural domains, parameters of the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan relaxation model and microscopic crystal growth was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-466-037-420
| | - Daniela Košťálová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Krbal
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies (CEMNAT), Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, nam. Cs legii 565, 530 02 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Komersová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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22
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Study of Thermal Properties, Molecular Dynamics, and Physical Stability of Etoricoxib Mixtures with Octaacetylmaltose near the Glass Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179794. [PMID: 36077212 PMCID: PMC9456116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we thoroughly investigated the physical stability of the anti-inflammatory drug etoricoxib, which has been reported earlier to be resistant to recrystallization in its glassy and supercooled states at ambient pressure. Our unique application of the standard refractometry technique showed that the supercooled liquid of the drug was able to recrystallize during isothermal experiments in atmospheric conditions. This enabled us to determine the crystallization onset timescale and nucleation energy barrier of etoricoxib for the first time. As the physical instability of etoricoxib requires working out an efficient method for improving the drug’s resistance to recrystallization to maintain its amorphous form utility in potential pharmaceutical applications, we focused on finding a solution to this problem, and successfully achieved this purpose by preparing binary mixtures of etoricoxib with octaacetylmaltose. Our detailed thermal, refractometry, and molecular dynamics studies of the binary compositions near the glass transition revealed a peculiar behavior of the glass transition temperatures when changing the acetylated disaccharide concentration in the mixtures. Consequently, the anti-plasticization effect on the enhancement of physical stability could be excluded, and a key role for specific interactions in the improved resistance to recrystallization was expected. Invoking our previous results obtained for etoricoxib, the chemically similar drug celecoxib, and octaacetylmaltose, we formulated a hypothesis about the molecular mechanisms that may cause an impediment to crystal nuclei formation in the amorphous mixtures of etoricoxib with octaacetylmaltose. The most plausible scenario may rely on the formation of hydrogen-bonded heterodimers of the drug and excipient molecules, and the related drop in the population of the etoricoxib homodimers, which disables the nucleation. Nevertheless, this hypothesis requires further investigation. Additionally, we tested some widely discussed correlations between molecular mobility and crystallization properties, which turned out to be only partially satisfied for the examined mixtures. Our findings constitute not only a warning against manufacturing the amorphous form of pure etoricoxib, but also evidence for a promising outcome for the pharmaceutical application of the amorphous compositions with octaacetylmaltose.
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23
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Deptuch A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Drzewicz A, Piwowarczyk M, Urbańska M, Baran S. Investigation of Chiral Smectic Phases and Conformationally Disordered Crystal Phases of the Liquid Crystalline 3F5FPhH6 Compound Partially Fluorinated at the Terminal Chain and Rigid Core. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6547-6561. [PMID: 35985056 PMCID: PMC9442646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Complementary methods are applied to investigate the
phase transitions
and crystallization kinetics of the liquid crystalline compound denoted
as 3F5FPhH6. Two crystal phases are confirmed, and one of them is
the conformationally disordered (CONDIS) phase. Complexity of the
melt crystallization process is revealed by the analysis with Friedman’s
isoconversional method. The melt crystallization of 3F5FPhH6 shows
different mechanisms depending on temperature, which is explained
by the relation between the thermodynamic driving force and the thermal
energy of translational degrees of freedom. The studied compound crystallizes
even during fast cooling (30 K/min), unlike similar compounds with
different fluorosubstitutions of the benzene ring, which form the
smectic glass for moderate cooling rates. The tendency to vitrification
of the smectic phase decreases apparently with the decreasing stability
width of the SmCA* phase and the increasing relaxation
time of the collective relaxation process in this phase, at least
for homologues differing from 3F5FPhH6 only by the type of fluorosubstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.,Research Center for Thermal and Entropic Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 560-0043 Osaka, Japan
| | - Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Piwowarczyk
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Baran
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, PL-30348 Kraków, Poland
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24
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Gui Y, Huang C, Shi C, Stelzer T, Zhang GGZ, Yu L. Polymorphic selectivity in crystal nucleation. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:144504. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystal nucleation rates have been measured in the supercooled melts of two richly polymorphic glass-forming liquids: ROY and nifedipine (NIF). ROY or 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile is known for its crystals of red, orange, and yellow colors and many polymorphs of solved structures (12). Of the many polymorphs, ON (orange needles) nucleates the fastest with the runner up (Y04) trailing by a factor of 103 when compared under the same mobility-limited condition, while the other unobserved polymorphs are slower yet by at least 5 orders of magnitude. Similarly, of the six polymorphs of NIF, [Formula: see text]′ nucleates the fastest, [Formula: see text]′ is slower by a factor of 10, and the rest are slower yet by at least 5 decades. In both systems, the faster-nucleating polymorphs are not built from the lowest-energy conformers, while they tend to have higher energies and lower densities and thus greater similarity to the liquid phase by these measures. The temperature ranges of this study covered the glass transition temperature Tg of each system, and we find no evidence that the nucleation rate is sensitive to the passage of Tg. At the lowest temperatures investigated, the rates of nucleation and growth are proportional to each other, indicating that a similar kinetic barrier controls both processes. The classical nucleation theory provides an accurate description of the observed nucleation rates if the crystal growth rate is used to describe the kinetic barrier for nucleation. The quantitative rates of both nucleation and growth for the competing polymorphs enable prediction of the overall rate of crystallization and its polymorphic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gui
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Chengbin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Chenyang Shi
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - Torsten Stelzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, USA
- Crystallization Design Institute, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00926, USA
| | - Geoff G. Z. Zhang
- Drug Product Development, Research and Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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25
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Yang E, Riggleman RA. Role of Local Structure in the Enhanced Dynamics of Deformed Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:097801. [PMID: 35302792 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.097801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
External stress can accelerate molecular mobility of amorphous solids by several orders of magnitude. The changes in mobility are commonly interpreted through the Eyring model, which invokes an empirical activation volume. Here, we analyze constant-stress molecular dynamics simulations and propose a structure-dependent Eyring model, connecting activation volume to a machine-learned field, softness. We show that stress has a heterogeneous effect on the mobility that depends on local structure through softness. The barrier impeding relaxation reduces more for well-packed particles, which explains the narrower distribution of relaxation time observed under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entao Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Robert A Riggleman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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26
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Shi Q, Wang Y, Xu J, Liu Z, Chin CY. Fast crystal growth of amorphous nimesulide: implication of surface effects. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2022; 78:33-39. [PMID: 35129118 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520621012749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding crystallization behaviors is of utmost importance for developing robust amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Herein, the crystal growth behaviors of amorphous anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide (NIME) are systemically investigated in the glassy and supercooled liquid state as a function of temperature. A sudden over-tenfold increase is observed in the bulk crystal growth of NIME on cooling below its glass transition temperature (Tg). This fast growth behavior is known as a glass-to-crystal (GC) mode and has been reported in some molecular glasses. Fast surface crystal growth of NIME can persist up to Tg + 57°C with a weak jump in its growth rates at 30-40°C. In addition, surface crystal growth and GC growth of NIME exhibit an almost identical temperature dependence, supporting the view that GC growth is indeed a surface-facilitated process. Moreover, the bubble-induced fast crystal growth of NIME is observed in the interior of its supercooled liquid with approximately the same growth kinetics as surface crystal growth. These findings are relevant for a full understanding of the surface-related crystallization behaviors and physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiang Su Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiang Su Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiang Su Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiang Su Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chai Yee Chin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
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27
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Drzewicz A, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Kula P. Insight into cold- and melt crystallization phenomena of a smectogenic liquid crystal. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00224h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the insight into the different nature of cold- and melt crystallization kinetics of a smectogenic liquid crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
- Osaka University, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Przemysław Kula
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warszawa, Poland
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28
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Ivanov MY, Surovtsev NV, Fedin MV. Ionic liquid glasses: properties and applications. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Raistrick T, Reynolds M, Gleeson HF, Mattsson J. Influence of Liquid Crystallinity and Mechanical Deformation on the Molecular Relaxations of an Auxetic Liquid Crystal Elastomer. Molecules 2021; 26:7313. [PMID: 34885896 PMCID: PMC8659252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) combine the anisotropic ordering of liquid crystals with the elastic properties of elastomers, providing unique physical properties, such as stimuli responsiveness and a recently discovered molecular auxetic response. Here, we determine how the molecular relaxation dynamics in an acrylate LCE are affected by its phase using broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy, calorimetry and rheology. Our LCE is an excellent model system since it exhibits a molecular auxetic response in its nematic state, and chemically identical nematic or isotropic samples can be prepared by cross-linking. We find that the glass transition temperatures (Tg) and dynamic fragilities are similar in both phases, and the T-dependence of the α relaxation shows a crossover at the same T* for both phases. However, for T>T*, the behavior becomes Arrhenius for the nematic LCE, but only more Arrhenius-like for the isotropic sample. We provide evidence that the latter behavior is related to the existence of pre-transitional nematic fluctuations in the isotropic LCE, which are locked in by polymerization. The role of applied strain on the relaxation dynamics and mechanical response of the LCE is investigated; this is particularly important since the molecular auxetic response is linked to a mechanical Fréedericksz transition that is not fully understood. We demonstrate that the complex Young's modulus and the α relaxation time remain relatively unchanged for small deformations, whereas for strains for which the auxetic response is achieved, significant increases are observed. We suggest that the observed molecular auxetic response is coupled to the strain-induced out-of-plane rotation of the mesogen units, in turn driven by the increasing constraints on polymer configurations, as reflected in increasing elastic moduli and α relaxation times; this is consistent with our recent results showing that the auxetic response coincides with the emergence of biaxial order.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johan Mattsson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (T.R.); (M.R.); (H.F.G.)
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30
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Mansuri A, Münzner P, Feuerbach T, Vermeer AWP, Hoheisel W, Böhmer R, Thommes M, Gainaru C. The relaxation behavior of supercooled and glassy imidacloprid. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174502. [PMID: 34742219 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Employing dielectric spectroscopy, oscillatory shear rheology, and calorimetry, the present work explores the molecular dynamics of the widely used insecticide imidacloprid above and below its glass transition temperature. In its supercooled liquid regime, the applied techniques yield good agreement regarding the characteristic structural (alpha) relaxation times of this material. In addition, the generalized Gemant-DiMarzio-Bishop model provides a good conversion between the frequency-dependent dielectric and shear mechanical responses in its viscous state, allowing for an assessment of imidacloprid's molecular hydrodynamic radius. In order to characterize the molecular dynamics in its glassy regime, we employ several approaches. These include the application of frequency-temperature superposition (FTS) to its isostructural dielectric and rheological responses as well as use of dielectric and calorimetric physical aging and the Adam-Gibbs-Vogel model. While the latter approach and dielectric FTS provide relaxation times that are close to each other, the other methods predict notably longer times that are closer to those reflecting a complete recovery of ergodicity. This seemingly conflicting dissimilarity demonstrates that the molecular dynamics of glassy imidacloprid strongly depends on its thermal history, with high relevance for the use of this insecticide as an active ingredient in technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mansuri
- INVITE GmbH, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - P Münzner
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - T Feuerbach
- Chair of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | | | - R Böhmer
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - M Thommes
- Chair of Solids Process Engineering, TU Dortmund University, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - C Gainaru
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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31
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Zhang J, Shi Q, Qu T, Zhou D, Cai T. Crystallization kinetics and molecular dynamics of binary coamorphous systems of nimesulide and profen analogs. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121235. [PMID: 34743960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coamorphous drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising formulation technique for improving the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. The selection of a suitable coformer is the key to obtaining a successful coamorphous formulation. This study aims to investigate the impacts of coformers with similar chemical structures but different physical properties on the crystallization behavior and molecular dynamics of binary amorphous systems. The addition of three profen analogs, ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KETO) and indoprofen (INDO) leads to significantly different effects on the crystallization kinetics of amorphous nimesulide (NIME). The crystal growth rates for amorphous NIME are substantially accelerated in the presence of IBU, but drastically reduced in the presence of INDO, while the incorporation of KETO results in a negligible effect. Broadband dielectric spectroscopy is employed to characterize the molecular dynamics of neat amorphous NIME and coamorphous systems. The addition of three structural analogs alters the molecular mobility of amorphous NIME in different ways, which is consistent with the trend observed for their impacts on the crystallization kinetics, suggesting that the relative mobility between the components of coamorphous mixtures governs the physical stability. In addition, it is found that the temperature dependence of the α-relaxation times for NIME with and without coformers is superimposed once the temperature is scaled by Tg/T, whereas the crystallization kinetics do not overlap on a Tg/T scale. This deviation can result from a complex interplay of thermodynamic and kinetic factors involved in multicomponent amorphous systems. This study provides insights into the crystallization kinetics and molecular dynamics of coamorphous systems containing drug analogs, which can potentially offer more flexibility for the control of physical stability without sacrificing therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tengfei Qu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Dongshan Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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32
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Shi Q, Li F, Xu J, Wu L, Xin J, Chen H, Ling B. Bubble-induced fast crystal growth of indomethacin polymorphs in a supercooled liquid. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721007068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical stability is one of the main challenges when developing robust amorphous pharmaceutical formulations. This article reports fast crystal growth behaviors of the γ and α forms of indomethacin (IMC) initiated by bubbles in the interior of a supercooled liquid. Bubble-induced crystal growth of γ-IMC exhibits approximately the same kinetics as its surface crystal growth, supporting the view that bubble-induced crystal growth is a surface-facilitated process. In contrast, the rates of bubble-induced crystal growth of α-IMC are much faster than those of its surface crystal growth. These results indicate that the bubble-induced crystal growth not only depends on the interface created by the bubble but also strongly correlates with the true cavitation of the bubble. Moreover, bubble-induced fast crystal growth of γ- and α-IMC can be terminated at different temperatures by cooling. These outcomes are meaningful for the in-depth understanding of physical stability and pre-formulation study of amorphous pharmaceutical solids showing surface-facilitated crystal growth.
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33
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Gao Q, Ai J, Tang S, Li M, Chen Y, Huang J, Tong H, Xu L, Xu L, Tanaka H, Tan P. Fast crystal growth at ultra-low temperatures. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1431-1439. [PMID: 33958770 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is believed that the slow liquid diffusion and geometric frustration brought by a rapid, deep quench inhibit fast crystallization and promote vitrification. Here we report fast crystal growth in charged colloidal systems under deep supercooling, where liquid diffusion is extremely low. By combining experiments and simulations, we show that this process occurs via wall-induced barrierless ordering consisting of two coupled steps: the step-like advancement of the rough interface that disintegrates frustration, followed by defect repairing inside the newly formed solid phase. The former is a diffusionless collective process, whereas the latter controls crystal quality. We further show that the intrinsic mechanical instability of a disordered glassy state subject to the crystal growth front allows for domino-like fast crystal growth even at ultra-low temperatures. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of fast crystal growth and may be useful for applications related to vitrification prevention and crystal-quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingdong Ai
- International Centre for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Tong
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Limei Xu
- International Centre for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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34
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Deptuch A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Zając W, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Drzewicz A, Urbańska M. Investigation of crystallization kinetics and its relationship with molecular dynamics for chiral fluorinated glassforming smectogen 3F5HPhH6. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:19795-19810. [PMID: 34549752 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02297k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The phase transitions, crystallization kinetics and molecular dynamics of (S)-4'-(1-methylheptylcarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl 4-[5-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)pent-1-oxy] benzoate (3F5HPhH6) are investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The vitrification of the antiferroelectric hexatic phase is observed for cooling rates ≥5 K min-1 and the fragility index determined from dielectric data is mf ≈ 90. Two regimes of non-isothermal cold crystallization are distinguished using the Kissinger and Augis-Bennett methods in the heating rate ranges of 1-5 K min-1 (larger activation energy) and 8-20 K min-1 (lower activation energy). The correlation between the time of non-isothermal cold crystallization (using isothermal approximation) and relaxation time of the α-process is determined. The obtained coupling coefficient ξ ≈ 0.7 and temperature dependence of the crystallization rate Z from the Ozawa model imply a mainly diffusion-controlled cold crystallization below 275 K. The Avrami exponents n and Ozawa exponents nO determined for isothermal melt crystallization and non-isothermal cold crystallization, respectively, weigh in favour of two- rather than three-dimensional crystal growth. The transition between crystal phases is observed on heating, with a lower activation energy for 1-3 K min-1 than for 5-20 K min-1 rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Deptuch
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | | | - Wojciech Zając
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Juszyńska-Gałązka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Urbańska
- Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, PL-00908 Warsaw, Poland
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35
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Drzewicz A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Gałązka M, Zając W, Kula P. Effect of high pressure on relaxation dynamics and crystallization kinetics of chiral liquid crystal in its smectic phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17466-17478. [PMID: 34355715 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01751a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The impact of high pressure on molecular dynamics and the crystallization process in the smectic phase with antiferroelectric properties of partially fluorinated liquid crystal (S)-4'-(1-methyloctyloxycarbonyl)biphenyl-4-yl-4-[7-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy)heptyl-1-oxy]-benzoate (3F7HPhH7) was studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). By analyzing dielectric spectra measured under isobaric and isothermal conditions, the changes of the activation volume vs. temperature and the activation enthalpy vs. pressure have been determined to better understand the molecular system's behaviour in terms of its thermodynamic properties. The isothermal and isobar crystallization was studied by a BDS method along the trajectory of constant relaxation time τ on the (T, p) plane. The kinetics of this process was compared to that at ambient pressure, derived from the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). The melt crystallization depends primarily on the formation of nuclei with the activation energy of approx. 50 kJ mol-1. This energy corresponds with the intramolecular movements of the carbonyl group in the rigid core. The behaviour of the apparent activation energies suggests that this process becomes easier with the progressive crystallized volume fractions. The obtained values of the Avrami exponent nA suggest that the crystal growth is three-dimensional. Additionally, we successfully used the scaling of dielectric response for experimental data. The scaling of the dielectric relaxation processes indicates that the dynamics and the behaviour of dielectric permittivity have the same origin for all phases regardless of the change in temperature and/or pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Kraków, Poland.
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36
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Málek J, Podzemná V, Shánělová J. Crystal Growth Kinetics in GeS 2 Glass and Viscosity of Supercooled Liquid. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7515-7526. [PMID: 34212733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal growth kinetics and morphology in germanium disulfide bulk glass and glass surface is described. The structural relaxation taking place below the glass transition is slow and the corresponding volumetric change is negligible. Therefore, it does not affect substantially the crystal growth process. The crystal growth rate of low temperature β-GeS2 and high temperature α-GeS2 polymorphs in the bulk glass is comparable, being slightly decoupled from the shear viscosity below the glass transition. The crystal growth rate of β-GeS2 in an amorphous thin film of the same composition is several orders of magnitude faster than that at the surface of bulk glass. This fast surface crystal growth is strongly decoupled from viscosity. Such behavior resembles the glass-to-crystal fast growth mode observed by several authors in some organic molecular glasses. Taking into account previously reported viscosity and heat capacity data, the crystal growth kinetics of both polymorphs can be quantitatively described by the 2D surface growth model for low and high supercooling. The nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry experiments are analyzed, providing evidence of a complex nature of the overall crystallization process with apparent activation energy comparable to that obtained from isothermal microscopy measurement of crystal growth in the same temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Málek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Podzemná
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Shánělová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice 532 10, Czech Republic
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37
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Cheng S, McKenna GB. Isothermal Crystallization and Time-Temperature Transformation of Amorphous Nifedipine: A Case of Polymorphism Formation and Conversion. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2786-2802. [PMID: 34105978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from the supercooled liquid state is an important issue in determining the stability of amorphous pharmaceutical dispersions. In the present study, the isothermal crystallization from the supercooled liquid state of the pharmaceutical compound nifedipine was investigated by both rheological and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and the crystallization kinetics was fitted to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. Both the crystallization induction time and completion time from the two methods were used to construct the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram for nifedipine. A model based on a modification of classical homogeneous nucleation and crystal growth theory was employed to fit the induction and completion time curves. Both DSC and rheological methods give similar results for the crystallization kinetics of the nifedipine. From the crystallization kinetics modeling, the solid-liquid interfacial surface tension σSL of nifedipine was estimated and the value was found to be consistent with prior results obtained from melting point depression measurements as a function of crystal size. Evidence is shown that for temperatures below 110 °C, at the early stage of nucleation, NIF first nucleates into the metastable β'-form and later converts into the stable α-form during the isothermal crystallization. We are also able to report the heat of fusion of the γ'-NIF based on the calorimetric experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Gregory B McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
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38
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Drzewicz A, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E, Zając W, Kula P. On the relaxation dynamics of a double glass-forming antiferroelectric liquid crystal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8673-8688. [PMID: 33876028 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relaxation dynamics in the thermodynamic states of the glass-forming antiferroelectric liquid crystal (S)-4'-(1-methyloctyloxycarbonyl) biphenyl-4-yl 4-[7-(2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutoxy) heptyl-1-oxy]-benzoate (3F7HPhH7) was studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). Two glass transitions were found at Tg,1 = 259 K and Tg,2 = 239 K, which were associated with the freezing of anti-phase motions and reorientation around the long molecular axis in the antiferroelectric SmCA* phase, respectively. The low temperature α2-relaxation process shows a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann (VFT)-type temperature dependence of its structural relaxation time τ(T). The two secondary β- and γ-relaxation modes ascribed to the intramolecular motions observed in the glassy state show Arrhenius behaviour of τ(T). Analysing the band shifts and the oscillator strengths of specific IR absorption bands and their temperature dependencies enables comparing them with the dielectrically determined relaxation dynamics. The kinetics of the isothermal cold crystallization in the temperature range between Tg,1 and Tg,2 was studied in detail using the Avrami and Avrami-Avramow models. This process depends primarily on the diffusion rate and the activation energy is equal to 132 kJ mol-1. The obtained values of the Avrami exponent nA suggest that the crystal growth is three-dimensional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drzewicz
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland.
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39
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Li F, Xin J, Shi Q. Diffusion-controlled and `diffusionless' crystal growth: relation between liquid dynamics and growth kinetics of griseofulvin. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720014636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how liquid dynamics govern crystallization is critical for maintaining the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical formulations. In the present study, griseofulvin (GSF), a classic antifungal drug, was used as the model system to investigate the correlations between crystal growth kinetics and liquid dynamics. The temperature dependence of the kinetic part of the bulk crystal growth in a supercooled liquid of GSF was weaker than that of the structural relaxation time τα and scaled as τα
−0.69. In the glassy state, GSF exhibited the glass-to-crystal (GC) growth behavior, whose growth rate was too fast to be under the control of the α-relaxation process. Moreover, from the perspective of τα, the GC growth of GSF also satisfied the general condition for GC growth to exist: D/u < 7 pm, where D is the diffusion coefficient and u the speed of crystal growth. Also compared were the fast surface crystal growth rates u
s and surface relaxation times τsurface predicted by the random first-order transition theory. Here, the surface crystal growth rate u
s of GSF exhibited a power-law dependence upon the surface structural relaxation time: u
s ∝ τsurface
−0.71, which was similar to that of the bulk growth rate and τα. These findings are important for understanding and predicting the crystallization of amorphous pharmaceutical solids both in the bulk and at the surface.
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40
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Kolek Ł, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Juszyńska-Gałązka E. Kinetics of non-isothermal cold crystallization in the antiferroelectric smectic phase of 3F5BFBiHex as seen by differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Jia S, Gao Z, Tian N, Li Z, Gong J, Wang J, Rohani S. Review of melt crystallization in the pharmaceutical field, towards crystal engineering and continuous process development. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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42
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Cheng S, Chakravarty P, Nagapudi K, McKenna GB. Isothermal Crystallization Monitoring and Time–Temperature-Transformation of Amorphous GDC-0276: Differential Scanning Calorimetric and Rheological Measurements. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:158-173. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sixue Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
| | - Paroma Chakravarty
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Gregory B. McKenna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-3121, United States
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43
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Rozwadowski T, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Massalska-Arodź M, Yamamura Y, Saito K. Designing the disorder: the kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization of the orientationally disordered crystalline phase in a nematic mesogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:24236-24248. [PMID: 33084672 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the molecular dynamics and solidification behavior of a 2,3-difluoro-4-propylphenyl 2,3-difluoro-4-(4-pentylcyclohexyl)benzoate nematic liquid crystal (5C4FPB3) observed by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Polarized optical microscopy (POM) is also performed to confirm the phase transition temperatures. Our investigation reveals rare crystallization of the orientationally disordered crystal (ODIC) phase from the nematic phase and a glass transition of the crystal at cooling rates higher than 1 K min-1. The deconvolution of the dielectric spectra with derivative techniques is necessary because of the complex molecular dynamics in the crystalline phase. The BDS method enables us to capture the relaxation processes reflecting pre-crystallization molecular movements. The kinetics of nonisothermal crystallization is studied using the Ozawa, Mo, and isoconversional methods. The present studies suggest that the dominant factor of the crystal growth mechanism depends on the cooling rate. Two types of crystallization mechanisms are identified at cooling rates lower and higher than 5 K min-1. We design a diagram with crystallization and glass transition borders against the cooling rates. Estimations show that crystallization of the present compound can be bypassed at cooling rates higher than 78 kK min-1, at which a glass transition of the nematic phase occurs. We show various scenarios of the molecular order and the crystallization mechanism designed based on the process rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rozwadowski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan. and Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31342 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Yasuhisa Yamamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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44
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Shi Q, Li F, Yeh S, Wang Y, Xin J. Physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids: Nucleation, crystal growth, phase separation and effects of the polymers. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119925. [PMID: 33011255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Compared to their crystalline forms, amorphous pharmaceutical solids present marvelous potential and advantages for effectively improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. A central issue in developing amorphous pharmaceutical solids is the stability against crystallization, which is particularly important for maintaining their advantages in solubility and dissolution rate. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent studies focusing on the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids affected by nucleation, crystal growth, phase separation and the addition of polymers. Moreover, we highlight the novel technologies and theories in the field of amorphous pharmaceutical solids. Meanwhile, the challenges and strategies in maintaining the physical stability of amorphous pharmaceutical solids are also discussed. With a better understanding of physical stability, the more robust amorphous pharmaceutical formulations with desired pharmaceutical performance would be easier to achieve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Stacy Yeh
- Department of Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem 27103, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Junbo Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng 224005, China
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45
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Minecka A, Tarnacka M, Jurkiewicz K, Hachuła B, Kamiński K, Paluch M, Kamińska E. Influence of the Internal Structure and Intermolecular Interactions on the Correlation between Structural (α) and Secondary (β-JG) Relaxation below the Glass Transition Temperature in Neat Probucol and Its Binary Mixtures with Modified Saccharides. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4821-4834. [PMID: 32396358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) has been used to study the molecular dynamics and aging process in neat probucol (PRO) as well as its binary mixtures with selected acetylated saccharides. In particular, we applied the Casalini and Roland approach to determine structural relaxation times in the glassy state of the examined systems (so-called isostructural times, τiso). Next, using the calculated τiso, primitive relaxation times of the coupling model were obtained and compared to the experimental secondary β (Johari-Goldstein (JG) type) relaxation times. Interestingly, it turned out that there is a correlation between the β-JG and the structural (α)-relaxation processes below the glass transition temperature (T < Tg) in each investigated sample. This is a new observation compared to previous studies demonstrating that such a relationship exists only in the supercooled liquid state of neat PRO. Moreover, it was revealed that the stretching parameters obtained from the aging procedure are very close to the ones determined by fitting the dielectric data above the Tg with the use of the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts function, indicating that the aging process is governed by the α-relaxation. Complementary Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction measurements allowed us to find a possible reason for these findings. It was demonstrated that although there are very weak intermolecular interactions between PRO and modified saccharides, the intra- and intermolecular structure of PRO is practically unaffected by the presence of modified saccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - M Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - K Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - B Hachuła
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - K Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - E Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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46
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Sun G, Harrowell P. Crystal growth rates and liquid dynamics at the crossover between stable crystal phases. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:164505. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Peter Harrowell
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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47
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Chen Y, Shi L, Li D, Dong Y, Yuan Q, Huang S, Yang HY, Wei X, Zhuang Q, Ju Z, Song H. Undercooling-directed NaCl crystallization: an approach towards nanocavity-linked graphene networks for fast lithium and sodium storage. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:7622-7630. [PMID: 32232280 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the crystallization of inorganic salt is being technologically related to the fabrication of salt-templated materials, the two key steps, nucleation and crystal growth, still lack the kinetic control to enable precise design of salt scaffolds. Here, we study how the undercooling degree controls the construction of salt scaffolds by kinetically manipulating the nucleation and growth rates in a NaCl-F127-rhodanine system. An effective approach based on undercooling-directed NaCl crystallization is further proposed to tailor the morphology and structure of the carbon materials. Under different undercooling conditions (liquid nitrogen, -55 °C and -25 °C freezing), the salt scaffold can be tuned as spheroidal particles, ellipsoidal nanocrystal aggregates and cubic nanocrystals with round corners, respectively. Correspondingly, hollow carbon nanospheres, nanocavity-linked graphene networks (CGN) and graphene nanosheets (GNS) can be fabricated through a salt template method, respectively. The Li+ and Na+ storage mechanisms of 3D CGN and 2D GNS are discussed, focusing on the ion diffusion kinetics. The enhanced Li+ diffusion kinetics in the 3D interconnected network endows CGN with better rate performance than GNS as lithium-ion battery anode material, and Na+ adsorption dominates the Na+ storage in CGN as sodium-ion battery anode material. Our findings provide a general idea for the construction crystallization-induced architectures and offer valuable insights to achieve fast Li+/Na+ storage by boosting the ion diffusion kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Chen
- The Jiangsu Province Engineering Laboratory of High Efficient Energy Storage Technology and Equipments, School of Materials Science and Physics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, P. R. China.
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48
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Newman A, Zografi G. What We Need to Know about Solid-State Isothermal Crystallization of Organic Molecules from the Amorphous State below the Glass Transition Temperature. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1761-1777. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Newman
- Seventh Street Development Group, P.O. Box 251, Kure Beach, North Carolina 28449, United States
| | - George Zografi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 28449, United States
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49
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Kamińska E, Minecka A, Tarnacka M, Hachuła B, Kamiński K, Paluch M. Influence of Annealing in the Close Vicinity of Tg on the Reorganization within Dimers and Its Impact on the Crystallization Kinetics of Gemfibrozil. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:990-1000. [PMID: 31961694 PMCID: PMC7588139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) has been applied to study the molecular dynamics and crystallization kinetics of the antihyperlipidemic active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), gemfibrozil (GEM), as well as its deuterated (dGEM) and methylated (metGEM) derivatives, characterized by different types and strengths of intermolecular interactions. Moreover, calorimetric and infrared measurements have been carried out to characterize the thermal properties of examined samples and to probe a change in the H-bonding pattern in GEM, respectively. We found that the dielectric spectra of all examined compounds, collected below the glass transition temperature (Tg), reveal the presence of two secondary relaxations (β, γ). According to the coupling model (CM) predictions, it was assumed that the slower process (β) is of JG type, whereas the faster one (γ) has an intramolecular origin. Interestingly, the extensive crystallization kinetics measurements performed after applying two paths, i.e., the standard procedure (cooling and subsequently heating up to the appropriate temperature, Tc), as well as annealing at two temperatures in the vicinity of Tg and further heating up to Tc, showed that the annealing increases the crystallization rate in the case of native API, while the thermal history of the sample has no significant impact on the pace of this process in the two derivatives of GEM. Analysis of the dielectric strength (Δε) of the α-process during annealing, together with the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements, suggested that the reorganization within dimeric structures formed between the GEM molecules is responsible for the observed behavior. Importantly, our results differ from those obtained by Tominaka et al. (Tominaka, S.; Kawakami, K.; Fukushima, M.; Miyazaki, A.Physical Stabilization of Pharmaceutical Glasses Based on Hydrogen Bond Reorganization under Sub-Tg Temperature Mol. Pharm. 2017 14 264 273 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00866.), who demonstrated that the sub-Tg annealing of ritonavir (RTV), which is able to form extensive supramolecular hydrogen bonds, protects this active substance against crystallization. Therefore, based on these contradictory reports, one can hypothesize that materials forming H-bonded structures, characterized by varying architecture, may behave differently after annealing in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kamińska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Aldona Minecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jagiellonska 4, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Magdalena Tarnacka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Barbara Hachuła
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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50
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The displacement field associated with the freezing of a melt and its role in determining crystal growth kinetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3421-3426. [PMID: 32015110 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915806117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The atomic displacements associated with the freezing of metals and salts are calculated by treating crystal growth as an assignment problem through the use of an optimal transport algorithm. Converting these displacements into timescales based on the dynamics of the bulk liquid, we show that we can predict the activation energy for crystal growth rates, including activation energies significantly smaller than those for atomic diffusion in the liquid. The exception to this success, pure metals that freeze into face-centered cubic crystals with little to no activation energy, are discussed. The atomic displacements generated by the assignment algorithm allows us to quantify the key roles of crystal structure and liquid caging length in determining the temperature dependence of crystal growth kinetics.
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