1
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Moritaka SS, Lebedev VS. Orientational effects in the polarized absorption spectra of molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074901. [PMID: 38364011 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a detailed theoretical analysis of polarized absorption spectra and linear dichroism of cyanine dye aggregates whose unit cells contain two molecules. The studied threadlike ordered system with a molecular exciton delocalized along its axis can be treated as two chains of conventional molecular aggregates, rotated relative to each other at a certain angle around the aggregate axis. Our approach is based on the general formulas for the effective cross section of light absorption by a molecular aggregate and key points of the molecular exciton theory. We have developed a self-consistent theory for describing the orientational effects in the absorption and dichroic spectra of such supramolecular structures with nonplanar unit cell. It is shown that the spectral behavior of such systems exhibits considerable distinctions from that of conventional cyanine dye aggregates. They consist in the strong dependence of the relative intensities of the J- and H-type spectral bands of the aggregate with a nonplanar unit cell on the angles determining the mutual orientations of the transition dipole moments of constituting molecules and the aggregate axis as well as on the polarization direction of incident light. The derived formulas are reduced to the well-known analytical expressions in the particular case of aggregates with one molecule in the unit cell. The calculations performed within the framework of our excitonic theory combined with available vibronic theory allow us to quite reasonably explain the experimental data for the pseudoisocyanine bromide dye aggregate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Moritaka
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V S Lebedev
- P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 53 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Kim D, Lee S, Park J, Lee J, Choi HC, Kim K, Ryu S. In-plane and out-of-plane excitonic coupling in 2D molecular crystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2736. [PMID: 37173328 PMCID: PMC10182054 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the nature of molecular excitons in low-dimensional molecular solids is of paramount importance in fundamental photophysics and various applications such as energy harvesting, switching electronics and display devices. Despite this, the spatial evolution of molecular excitons and their transition dipoles have not been captured in the precision of molecular length scales. Here we show in-plane and out-of-plane excitonic evolution in quasilayered two-dimensional (2D) perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) crystals assembly-grown on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) crystals. Complete lattice constants with orientations of two herringbone-configured basis molecules are determined with polarization-resolved spectroscopy and electron diffraction methods. In the truly 2D limit of single layers, two Frenkel emissions Davydov-split by Kasha-type intralayer coupling exhibit energy inversion with decreasing temperature, which enhances excitonic coherence. As the thickness increases, the transition dipole moments of newly emerging charge transfer excitons are reoriented because of mixing with the Frenkel states. The current spatial anatomy of 2D molecular excitons will inspire a deeper understanding and groundbreaking applications of low-dimensional molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Sol Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Hee Cheul Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea
| | - Kwanpyo Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sunmin Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Korea.
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3
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He Q, Basu A, Cha H, Daboczi M, Panidi J, Tan L, Hu X, Huang CC, Ding B, White AJP, Kim JS, Durrant JR, Anthopoulos TD, Heeney M. Ultra-Narrowband Near-Infrared Responsive J-Aggregates of Fused Quinoidal Tetracyanoindacenodithiophene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209800. [PMID: 36565038 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Narrowband photoresponsive molecules are highly coveted in high-resolution imaging, sensing, and monochromatic photodetection, especially those extending into the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range. Here, a new class of J-aggregating materials based on quinoidal indacenodithiophenes (IDTs) that exhibit an ultra-narrowband (full width half maxima of 22 nm) NIR absorption peak centered at 770 nm is reported. The spectral width is readily tuned by the length of the solubilizing alkyl group, with longer chains resulting in significant spectral narrowing. The J-aggregate behavior is confirmed by a combination of excited state lifetime measurements and single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Their utility as electron-transporting materials is demonstrated in both transistor and phototransistor devices, with the latter demonstrating good response at NIR wavelengths (780 nm) over a range of intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)SC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Hydrogen & Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Korea
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Luxi Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiantao Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Chi Cheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Bowen Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)SC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)SC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Mitric R, Werz DB, Feringa BL. Transforming Dyes into Fluorophores: Exciton‐Induced Emission with Chain‐like Oligo‐BODIPY Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116834. [PMID: 35244983 PMCID: PMC9310714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we present a systematic study demonstrating to which extent exciton formation can amplify fluorescence based on a series of ethylene‐bridged oligo‐BODIPYs. A set of non‐ and weakly fluorescent BODIPY motifs was selected and transformed into discrete, chain‐like oligomers by linkage via a flexible ethylene tether. The prepared superstructures constitute excitonically active entities with non‐conjugated, Coulomb‐coupled oscillators. The non‐radiative deactivation channels of Internal Conversion (IC), also combined with an upstream reductive Photoelectron Transfer (rPET) and Intersystem Crossing (ISC) were addressed at the monomeric state and the evolution of fluorescence and (non‐)radiative decay rates studied along the oligomeric series. We demonstrate that a “masked” fluorescence can be fully reactivated irrespective of the imposed conformational rigidity. This work challenges the paradigm that a collective fluorescence enhancement is limited to sterically induced motional restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Universität Würzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Universität Würzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Organic Chemistry Hagenring 30 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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5
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Helmers I, Hossain MS, Bäumer N, Wesarg P, Soberats B, Shimizu LS, Fernández G. Anti-cooperative Self-Assembly with Maintained Emission Regulated by Conformational and Steric Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200390. [PMID: 35112463 PMCID: PMC9311066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a strategy to enable a maintained emissive behavior in the self‐assembled state by enforcing an anti‐cooperative self‐assembly involving weak intermolecular dye interactions. To achieve this goal, we designed a conformationally flexible monomer unit 1 with a central 1,3‐substituted (diphenyl)urea hydrogen bonding synthon that is tethered to two BODIPY dyes featuring sterically bulky trialkoxybenzene substituents at the meso‐position. The competition between attractive forces (H‐bonding and aromatic interactions) and destabilizing effects (steric and competing conformational effects) limits the assembly, halting the supramolecular growth at the stage of small oligomers. Given the presence of weak dye–dye interactions, the emission properties of molecularly dissolved 1 are negligibly affected upon aggregation. Our findings contribute to broadening the scope of emissive supramolecular assemblies and controlled supramolecular polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Muhammad Saddam Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nils Bäumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Wesarg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa, Km. 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Gustavo Fernández
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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6
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Mitric R, Werz DB, Feringa BL. Transforming Dyes Into Fluorophores: Exciton‐Induced Emission with Chain‐like Oligo‐BODIPY Superstructures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J. Patalag
- University of Groningen: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Roland Mitric
- Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- TU Braunschweig: Technische Universitat Braunschweig Institute for Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Ben L Feringa
- University of Groningen Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen NETHERLANDS
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7
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Helmers I, Hossain MS, Bäumer N, Wesarg P, Soberats B, Shimizu LS, Fernandez G. Anti‐cooperative Self‐Assembly with Maintained Emission Regulated by Conformational and Steric Effects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Helmers
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | | | - Nils Bäumer
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Paul Wesarg
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch-Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Bartolome Soberats
- Universitat de les Illes Balears Facultat de Ciencies Quimica Organica SPAIN
| | - Linda S. Shimizu
- University of South Carolina Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Gustavo Fernandez
- WWU Münster Organisch-Chemisches Institut Correnstraße, 4ß 48149 Münster GERMANY
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8
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Jakučionis M, Žukas A, Abramavicius D. Modeling Molecular J and H Aggregates using Multiple-Davydov D2 Ansatz. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17665-17672. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The linear absorption spectrum of J and H molecular aggregates is studied using the time-dependent Dirac-Frenkel variational principle (TDVP) with the multi-Davydov D2 (mD2) trial wavefunction (Ansatz). Both the electronic...
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9
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Jun S, Yang C, Choi S, Isaji M, Tamiaki H, Ihee H, Kim J. Exciton delocalization length in chlorosomes investigated by lineshape dynamics of two-dimensional electronic spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24111-24117. [PMID: 34498018 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chlorosome, a photosynthetic light-harvesting complex found in green sulfur bacteria, is an aggregate of self-assembled pigments and is optimized for efficient light harvesting and energy transfer under dim-light conditions. In this highly-disordered aggregate, the absorption and transfer of photoexcitation energy are governed by the degree of disorder. To describe the disorder, the number of molecules forming excitons, which is termed exciton delocalization length (EDL), is a relevant parameter because the EDL sensitively changes with the disorder of the constituent molecules. In this work, we determined the EDL in chlorosomes using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D-ES). Since spectral features correlated with EDL are spread out in the two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra, we were able to determine the EDL accurately without the effects of homogeneous and inhomogeneous line broadening. In particular, by taking advantage of the multi-dimensionality and the time evolution of 2D spectra, we not only determined the excitation frequency dependence of EDL but also monitored the temporal change of EDL. We found that the EDL is ∼7 at 77 K and ∼6 at 298 K and increases with the excitation frequency, with the maximum located well above the maximum of the absorption spectrum of chlorosomes. The spectral profile of EDL changes rapidly within 100 fs and becomes flat over time due to dephasing of initial exciton coherence. From the coherent oscillations superimposed on the decay of EDL, it was learned that high-frequency phonons are more activated at 298 K than at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhong Jun
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheolhee Yang
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoo Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Megumi Isaji
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hyotcherl Ihee
- Department of Chemistry and KI for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Turkin A, Malý P, Lambert C. Fluorescence band exchange narrowing in a series of squaraine oligomers: energetic vs. structural disorder. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18393-18403. [PMID: 34612380 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The influence of oligosquaraine chain length on the energies and shape of absorption and emission bands and the exciton coherence length is studied in CHCl3 where the oligomers adopt a random coil structure. From the observed fluorescence band narrowing an effective coherence length of Ncoh = 2.5 was estimated for the nonamer. Applying a theoretical Frenkel exciton model the absorption and emission spectra were simulated which confirmed the experimental results. From the relative amplitude of the 00 peak to the vibronic shoulder the coherence length was estimated which yields a somewhat higher saturation value of Ncoh≈ 3 for the nonamer, which is in very good agreement with the theoretical amplitude ratio. The coherence length is much smaller than the geometrical length because the electronic delocalisation is reduced by structural disorder. Taking into account the energetic (diagonal) and structural (off-diagonal) disorder we observed a different influence on the absorption and fluorescence spectra. For the emission spectra, exciton delocalisation leads to a narrowing of the band caused by averaging over energetic disorder, but for the absorption band the spectra are broadened by excitonic splitting and structural disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Turkin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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11
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Patalag LJ, Hoche J, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Mitric R, Lambert C, Werz DB. Ultrafast Resonance Energy Transfer in Ethylene-Bridged BODIPY Heterooligomers: From Frenkel to Förster Coupling Limit. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:7414-7425. [PMID: 33956430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of distinct BODIPY heterooligomers (dyads, triads, and tetrads) comprising a variable number of typical green BODIPY monomers and a terminal red-emitting styryl-equipped species acting as an energy sink was prepared and subjected to computational and photophysical investigations in solvent media. An ethylene tether between the single monomeric units provides a unique foldameric system, setting the stage for a systematic study of excitation energy transfer processes (EET) on the basis of nonconjugated oscillators. The influence of stabilizing β-ethyl substituents on conformational space and the disorder of site energies and electronic couplings was addressed. In this way both the strong (Frenkel) and the weak (Förster) coupling limit could be accessed within a single system: the Frenkel limit within the strongly coupled homooligomeric green donor subunit and the Förster limit at the terminal heterosubstituted ethylene bridge. Femtosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy combined with mixed quantum-classical dynamic simulations demonstrate the limitations of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory and provide a consistent framework to elucidate the trend of increasing relaxation lifetimes at higher homologues, revealing one of the fastest excitation energy transfer processes detected to date with a corresponding lifetime of 39 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J Patalag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Joscha Hoche
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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The initial attempt to reveal the emission processes of both mechanoluminescence and room temperature phosphorescence with the aid of circular dichroism in solid state. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Yuan G, Yao M, Lv H, Jia X, Chen J, Xue J. Novel Targeted Photosensitizer as an Immunomodulator for Highly Efficient Therapy of T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15655-15667. [PMID: 33300796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dasatinib is a kinase-targeted drug used in the treatment of leukemia. Regrettably, it remains far from optimal medicine due to insurmountable drug resistance and side effects. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has proven that it can induce systemic immune responses. However, conventional photosensitizers as immunomodulators produce anticancer immunities, which are inadequate to eliminate residual cancer cells. Herein, a novel compound 4 was synthesized and investigated, which introduces dasatinib and zinc(II) phthalocyanine as the targeting and photodynamic moiety, respectively. Compound 4 exhibits a high affinity to CCRF-CEM cells/tumor tissues, which overexpress lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), and preferential elimination from the body. Meanwhile, compound 4 shows excellent photocytotoxicity and tumor regression. Significantly, compound 4-induced PDT can obviously enhance immune responses, resulting in the production of more immune cells. We believe that the proposed manner is a potential strategy for the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gankun Yuan
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Yao
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Lv
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jia
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Jinping Xue
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou 350116, Fujian, P. R. China
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14
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Tseng TW, Yan H, Nakamura T, Omagari S, Kim JS, Vacha M. Real-Time Monitoring of Formation and Dynamics of Intra- and Interchain Phases in Single Molecules of Polyfluorene. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16096-16104. [PMID: 33084298 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is one of the most important conjugated polymer materials, exhibiting outstanding photophysical and electrical properties. PFO is also known for a diversity of morphological phases determined by conformational states of the main chain. Our goal in this work is to address some of the key questions on formation and dynamics of one such conformation, the β-phase, by following in real time the evolution of fluorescence spectra of single PFO chains. The PFO is dispersed in a thin polystyrene film, and the spectra are monitored during the process of solvent vapor annealing with toluene. We confirm unambiguously that the PFO β-phase segments are formed on a true single-chain level at room temperature in the solvent-softened polystyrene. We further find that the formation of the β-phase is a dynamic and reversible process occurring on the order of seconds, leading to repeated spontaneous transitions between the glassy and β-phase segments during the annealing. Comparison of PFO with two largely different molecular weights (Mw) shows that chains with lower Mw form the β-phase segments much faster. For the high Mw PFO chains, a detailed Franck-Condon analysis of the β-phase spectra shows a large distribution of the Huang-Rhys factor, S, and even dynamic changes of this factor occurring on a single chain. Such dynamics are likely a manifestation of changing coherence length of the exciton. Further, for the high Mw PFO chains we observe an additional conformational state, a crystalline γ-phase. The γ-phase formation is also a spontaneous reversible process in the solvent-softened matrix. The phase can form from both the β-phase and the glassy phase, and the formation requires high Mw to enable intersegment interactions in a self-folded chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tomonori Nakamura
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shun Omagari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Vacha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1-S8-44, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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15
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Mass OA, Wilson CK, Roy SK, Barclay MS, Patten LK, Terpetschnig EA, Lee J, Pensack RD, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Exciton Delocalization in Indolenine Squaraine Aggregates Templated by DNA Holliday Junction Scaffolds. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9636-9647. [PMID: 33052691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exciton delocalization plays a prominent role in the photophysics of molecular aggregates, ultimately governing their particular function or application. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a compelling scaffold in which to template molecular aggregates and promote exciton delocalization. As individual dye molecules are the basis of exciton delocalization in molecular aggregates, their judicious selection is important. Motivated by their excellent photostability and spectral properties, here, we examine the ability of squaraine dyes to undergo exciton delocalization when aggregated via a DNA Holliday junction (HJ) template. A commercially available indolenine squaraine dye was chosen for the study given its strong structural resemblance to Cy5, a commercially available cyanine dye previously shown to undergo exciton delocalization in DNA HJs. Three types of DNA-dye aggregate configurations-transverse dimer, adjacent dimer, and tetramer-were investigated. Signatures of exciton delocalization were observed in all squaraine-DNA aggregates. Specifically, strong blue shift and Davydov splitting were observed in steady-state absorption spectroscopy and exciton-induced features were evident in circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Strongly suppressed fluorescence emission provided additional, indirect evidence for exciton delocalization in the DNA-templated squaraine dye aggregates. To quantitatively evaluate and directly compare the excitonic Coulombic coupling responsible for exciton delocalization, the strength of excitonic hopping interactions between the dyes was obtained by simultaneously fitting the experimental steady-state absorption and CD spectra via a Holstein-like Hamiltonian, in which, following the theoretical approach of Kühn, Renger, and May, the dominant vibrational mode is explicitly considered. The excitonic hopping strength within indolenine squaraines was found to be comparable to that of the analogous Cy5 DNA-templated aggregate. The squaraine aggregates adopted primarily an H-type (dyes oriented parallel to each other) spatial arrangement. Extracted geometric details of the dye mutual orientation in the aggregates enabled a close comparison of aggregate configurations and the elucidation of the influence of dye angular relationship on excitonic hopping interactions in squaraine aggregates. These results encourage the application of squaraine-based aggregates in next-generation systems driven by molecular excitons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ewald A Terpetschnig
- SETA BioMedicals, LLC, 2014 Silver Court East, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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16
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Abstract
ConspectusExcitons and polarons play a central role in the electronic and optical properties of organic semiconducting polymers and molecular aggregates and are of fundamental importance in understanding the operation of organic optoelectronic devices such as solar cells and light-emitting diodes. For many conjugated organic molecules and polymers, the creation of neutral electronic excitations or ionic radicals is associated with significant nuclear relaxation, the bulk of which occurs along the vinyl-stretching mode or the aromatic-quinoidal stretching mode when conjugated rings are present. Within a polymer chain or molecular aggregate, nuclear relaxation competes with energy- and charge-transfer, mediated by electronic interactions between the constituent units (repeat units for polymers and individual chromophores for a molecular aggregate); for neutral electronic excitations, such inter-unit interactions lead to extended excited states or excitons, while for positive (or negative) charges, interactions lead to delocalized hole (or electron) polarons. The electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in both excitons and polarons can be described with a Holstein Hamiltonian. However, although excitons and polarons derive from similarly structured Hamiltonians, their optical signatures are quite distinct, largely due to differing ground states and optical selection rules.In this Account, we explore the similarities and differences in the spectral response of excitons and polarons in organic polymers and molecular aggregates. We limit our analysis to the subspace of excitons and hole polarons containing at most one excitation; hence we omit the influence of bipolarons, biexcitons, and higher multiparticle excitations. Using a generic linear array of coupled units as a model host for both excitons and polarons, we compare and contrast the optical responses of both quasiparticles, with a particular emphasis on the spatial coherence length, the length over which an exciton or polaron possesses wave-like properties important for more efficient transport. For excitons, the UV-vis absorption spectrum is generally represented by a distorted vibronic progression with H-like or J-like signatures depending on the sign of the electronic coupling, Jex. The spectrum broadens with increasing site disorder, with the spectral area preserved due to an oscillator strength sum rule. For (hole) polarons, the generally stronger electronic coupling results in a mid-IR spectrum consisting of a narrow, low-energy peak (A) with energy near a vibrational quantum of the vinyl stretching mode, and a broader, higher-energy feature (B). In contrast to the UV-vis spectrum, the mid-IR spectrum is invariant to the sign of the electronic coupling, th, and completely resistant to long-range disorder, where it remains entirely homogeneously broadened. Even in the presence of short-range disorder, the width of peak A remains surprisingly narrow as long as |th| remains sufficiently large, a property that can be understood in terms of Herzberg-Teller coupling. Unlike for excitons, for polarons, the absorption spectral area decreases with increasing short-range disorder σ (i.e., there is no oscillator sum rule) reflective of a decreasing polaron coherence length. The intensity of the low-energy peak A in relation to B is an important signature of polaron coherence. By contrast, for excitons, the absorption spectrum contains no unambiguous signs of exciton coherence. One must instead resort to the shape of the steady-state photoluminescence spectrum. The Holstein-based model has been highly successful in accounting for the spectral properties of molecular aggregates as well as conjugated polymers like poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in the mid-IR and UV-vis spectral regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Frank C. Spano
- Department of Chemistry Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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17
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Cheng MHY, Harmatys KM, Charron DM, Chen J, Zheng G. Stable J‐Aggregation of an aza‐BODIPY‐Lipid in a Liposome for Optical Cancer Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13394-13399. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miffy H. Y. Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Kara M. Harmatys
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Danielle M. Charron
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 64 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 64 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto 101 College St. Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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18
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Cheng MHY, Harmatys KM, Charron DM, Chen J, Zheng G. Stable J‐Aggregation of an aza‐BODIPY‐Lipid in a Liposome for Optical Cancer Imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miffy H. Y. Cheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Kara M. Harmatys
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Danielle M. Charron
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 64 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
| | - Juan Chen
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health Network 101 College Street, PMCRT 5-354 Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Toronto 64 College St. Toronto ON M5S 3G9 Canada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto 101 College St. Toronto ON M5G 1L7 Canada
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19
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Luo Y, Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Y, Kong F, Tian X, Zhang Y, Shan C, Luo Y, Yang J, Sandoghdar V, Dong Z, Hou JG. Electrically Driven Single-Photon Superradiance from Molecular Chains in a Plasmonic Nanocavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:233901. [PMID: 31298910 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.233901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate single-photon superradiance from artificially constructed nonbonded zinc-phthalocyanine molecular chains of up to 12 molecules. We excite the system via electron tunneling in a plasmonic nanocavity and quantitatively investigate the interaction of the localized plasmon with single-exciton superradiant states resulting from dipole-dipole coupling. Dumbbell-like patterns obtained by subnanometer resolved spectroscopic imaging disclose the coherent nature of the coupling associated with superradiant states while second-order photon correlation measurements demonstrate single-photon emission. The combination of spatially resolved spectral measurements with theoretical considerations reveals that nanocavity plasmons dramatically modify the linewidth and intensity of emission from the molecular chains, but they do not dictate the intrinsic coherence of the superradiant states. Our studies shed light on the optical properties of molecular collective states and their interaction with nanoscopically localized plasmons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yunjie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fanfang Kong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Zhenchao Dong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J G Hou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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20
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Guerrini M, Calzolari A, Varsano D, Corni S. Quantifying the Plasmonic Character of Optical Excitations in a Molecular J-Aggregate. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3197-3203. [PMID: 30986064 PMCID: PMC6524342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The definition of plasmon at the
microscopic scale is far from
being understood. Yet, it is very important to recognize plasmonic
features in optical excitations, as they can inspire new applications
and trigger new discoveries by analogy with the rich phenomenology
of metal nanoparticle plasmons. Recently, the concepts of plasmonicity
index and the generalized plasmonicity index (GPI) have been devised
as computational tools to quantify the plasmonic nature of optical
excitations. The question may arise whether any strong absorption
band, possibly with some sort of collective character in its microscopic
origin, shares the status of plasmon. Here we demonstrate that this
is not always the case, by considering a well-known class of systems
represented by J-aggregates molecular crystals, characterized by the
intense J band of absorption. By means of first-principles simulations,
based on a many-body perturbation theory formalism, we investigate
the optical properties of a J-aggregate made of push–pull organic
dyes. We show that the effect of aggregation is to lower the GPI associated
with the J-band with respect to the isolated dye one, which corresponds
to a nonplasmonic character of the electronic excitations. In order
to rationalize our finding, we then propose a simplified one-dimensional
theoretical model of the J-aggregate. A useful microscopic picture
of what discriminates a collective molecular crystal excitation from
a plasmon is eventually obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guerrini
- Dipartimento FIM , Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia , I-41125 Modena , Italy.,CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Arrigo Calzolari
- CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Daniele Varsano
- CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- CNR Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, I-41125 Modena , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università di Padova , Padova 35131 , Italy
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21
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Guerrini M, Cocchi C, Calzolari A, Varsano D, Corni S. Interplay between Intra- and Intermolecular Charge Transfer in the Optical Excitations of J-Aggregates. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:6831-6838. [PMID: 30949274 PMCID: PMC6443228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In a first-principles study based on density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory, we address the interplay between intra- and intermolecular interactions in a J-aggregate formed by push-pull organic dyes by investigating its electronic and optical properties. We find that the most intense excitation dominating the spectral onset of the aggregate, i.e., the J-band, exhibits a combination of intramolecular charge transfer, coming from the push-pull character of the constituting dyes, and intermolecular charge transfer, due to the dense molecular packing. We also show the presence of a pure intermolecular charge-transfer excitation within the J-band, which is expected to play a relevant role in the emission properties of the J-aggregate. Our results shed light on the microscopic character of optical excitations of J-aggregates and offer new perspectives to further understand the nature of collective excitations in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guerrini
- Dipartimento
FIM, Università di Modena e Reggio
Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- CNR
Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department
of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Department
of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail: (C.C.)
| | | | - Daniele Varsano
- CNR
Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, 41125 Modena, Italy
- E-mail: (D.V.)
| | - Stefano Corni
- CNR
Nano Istituto Nanoscienze, Centro S3, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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22
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Schreck MH, Röhr MIS, Clark T, Stepanenko V, Würthner F, Lambert C. A Self‐Assembled Unit Comprising 12 Squaraine Dyes Built Up from Two Star‐Shaped Hexasquarainyl‐Benzene Molecules. Chemistry 2019; 25:2831-2839. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian H. Schreck
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Timothy Clark
- Computer Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg 91052 Erlangen Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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23
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Kaufmann C, Bialas D, Stolte M, Würthner F. Discrete π-Stacks of Perylene Bisimide Dyes within Folda-Dimers: Insight into Long- and Short-Range Exciton Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9986-9995. [PMID: 29992819 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b05490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Four well-defined π-stacks of perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes were obtained in solution by covalent linkage of two chromophores with spacer units of different length and sterical demand. Structural elucidation of the folda-dimers by in-depth nuclear magnetic resonance studies and geometry optimization at the level of density functional theory suggest different, but highly defined molecular arrangements of the two chromophores in the folded state enforced by the various spacer moieties. Remarkably, the dye stacks exhibit considerably different optical properties as investigated by UV/vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, despite only slightly different chromophore arrangements. The distinct absorption properties can be rationalized by an interplay of long- and short-range exciton coupling resulting in optical signatures ranging from conventional H-type to monomer like absorption features with low and appreciably high fluorescence quantum yields, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first experimental proof of a PBI-based "null-aggregate", in which long- and short-range exciton coupling fully compensate each other, giving rise to monomer-like absorption features for a stack of two PBI chromophores. Hence, our insights pinpoint the importance of charge-transfer mediated short-range coupling that can significantly influence the optical properties of PBI π-stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie , Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry , Universität Würzburg , Theodor-Boveri-Weg , 97074 Würzburg , Germany
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24
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Hestand NJ, Spano FC. Expanded Theory of H- and J-Molecular Aggregates: The Effects of Vibronic Coupling and Intermolecular Charge Transfer. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7069-7163. [PMID: 29664617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 698] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic excited states of molecular aggregates and their photophysical signatures have long fascinated spectroscopists and theoreticians alike since the advent of Frenkel exciton theory almost 90 years ago. The influence of molecular packing on basic optical probes like absorption and photoluminescence was originally worked out by Kasha for aggregates dominated by Coulombic intermolecular interactions, eventually leading to the classification of J- and H-aggregates. This review outlines advances made in understanding the relationship between aggregate structure and photophysics when vibronic coupling and intermolecular charge transfer are incorporated. An assortment of packing geometries is considered from the humble molecular dimer to more exotic structures including linear and bent aggregates, two-dimensional herringbone and "HJ" aggregates, and chiral aggregates. The interplay between long-range Coulomb coupling and short-range charge-transfer-mediated coupling strongly depends on the aggregate architecture leading to a wide array of photophysical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Hestand
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Frank C Spano
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
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25
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Cannon BL, Patten LK, Kellis DL, Davis PH, Lee J, Graugnard E, Yurke B, Knowlton WB. Large Davydov Splitting and Strong Fluorescence Suppression: An Investigation of Exciton Delocalization in DNA-Templated Holliday Junction Dye Aggregates. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2086-2095. [PMID: 29420037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exciton delocalization in dye aggregate systems is a phenomenon that is revealed by spectral features, such as Davydov splitting, J- and H-aggregate behavior, and fluorescence suppression. Using DNA as an architectural template to assemble dye aggregates enables specific control of the aggregate size and dye type, proximal and precise positioning of the dyes within the aggregates, and a method for constructing large, modular two- and three-dimensional arrays. Here, we report on dye aggregates, organized via an immobile Holliday junction DNA template, that exhibit large Davydov splitting of the absorbance spectrum (125 nm, 397.5 meV), J- and H-aggregate behavior, and near-complete suppression of the fluorescence emission (∼97.6% suppression). Because of the unique optical properties of the aggregates, we have demonstrated that our dye aggregate system is a viable candidate as a sensitive absorbance and fluorescence optical reporter. DNA-templated aggregates exhibiting exciton delocalization may find application in optical detection and imaging, light-harvesting, photovoltaics, optical information processing, and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Cannon
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Lance K Patten
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Donald L Kellis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Paul H Davis
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Jeunghoon Lee
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Elton Graugnard
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - Bernard Yurke
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
| | - William B Knowlton
- Micron School of Materials Science & Engineering, ‡Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, and §Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boise State University , Boise, Idaho 83725, United States
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26
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Bricks JL, Slominskii YL, Panas ID, Demchenko AP. Fluorescent J-aggregates of cyanine dyes: basic research and applications review. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2017; 6:012001. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/aa8d0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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27
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Eder T, Stangl T, Gmelch M, Remmerssen K, Laux D, Höger S, Lupton JM, Vogelsang J. Switching between H- and J-type electronic coupling in single conjugated polymer aggregates. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1641. [PMID: 29158508 PMCID: PMC5696370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of conjugated polymers and electronic coupling of chromophores play a central role in the fundamental understanding of light and charge generation processes. Here we report that the predominant coupling in isolated aggregates of conjugated polymers can be switched reversibly between H-type and J-type coupling by partially swelling and drying the aggregates. Aggregation is identified by shifts in photoluminescence energy, changes in vibronic peak ratio, and photoluminescence lifetime. This experiment unravels the internal electronic structure of the aggregate and highlights the importance of the drying process in the final spectroscopic properties. The electronic coupling after drying is tuned between H-type and J-type by changing the side chains of the conjugated polymer, but can also be entirely suppressed. The types of electronic coupling correlate with chain morphology, which is quantified by excitation polarization spectroscopy and the efficiency of interchromophoric energy transfer that is revealed by the degree of single-photon emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Eder
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Stangl
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Gmelch
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Remmerssen
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Laux
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sigurd Höger
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - John M Lupton
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jan Vogelsang
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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28
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Patalag LJ, Ho LP, Jones PG, Werz DB. Ethylene-Bridged Oligo-BODIPYs: Access to Intramolecular J-Aggregates and Superfluorophores. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15104-15113. [PMID: 28948783 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A versatile and rapid access to various chain lengths of ethylene-bridged BODIPY motifs was discovered. Corresponding oligomers comprising up to eight monomeric units were studied with respect to their microstructures by photophysical, X-ray crystallographic, and computational means. The investigation of three different dipyrrin cores revealed a crucial dependence on the substitution pattern of the core, whereas the nature of the meso-periphery is less critical. The impact of substituent effects on the conformational space was investigated by Monte Carlo simulations and a set of DFT methods (B3LYP, PBEh-3c, TPSS/PWPB95), including dispersion effects. Cryptopyrrole-derived oligo-BODIPYs are characterized by a tight intramolecular arrangement triggering a dominant J-type excitonic coupling with red-shifts up to 45 nm, exceptionally small line widths of the absorption and emission event (up to 286 cm-1), outstandingly high attenuation coefficients (up to 1 042 000 M-1 cm-1), and quantum yields of up to unity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas J Patalag
- Institut für Organische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luong Phong Ho
- Institut für Organische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter G Jones
- Institut für Organische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institut für Organische Chemie and ‡Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Braunschweig , Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Ritschel G, Strunz WT, Eisfeld A. Closures of the functional expansion hierarchy in the non-Markovian quantum state diffusion approach. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:064113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4986251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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30
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Celestino A, Eisfeld A. Tuning Nonradiative Lifetimes via Molecular Aggregation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5948-5953. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Celestino
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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31
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Vibronic effects and destruction of exciton coherence in optical spectra of J-aggregates: A variational polaron transformation approach. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Dean JC, Oblinsky DG, Rather SR, Scholes GD. Methylene Blue Exciton States Steer Nonradiative Relaxation: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Methylene Blue Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:440-54. [PMID: 26781668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry and aggregation properties of methylene blue (MB) lead to its popular use in photodynamic therapy. The facile formation of strongly coupled "face-to-face" H-aggregates in concentrated aqueous solution, however, significantly changes its spectroscopic properties and photophysics. The photoinitiated dynamics of the simplest MB aggregate, MB2, was investigated over femtosecond to nanosecond time scales revealing sequential internal conversion events that fully relax the excited population. MB monomer dynamics were analyzed in tandem for a direct comparison. First, ultrafast internal conversion from the electric-dipole allowed upper exciton state to the lower forbidden exciton state was evaluated by use of broadband transient absorption (BBTA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a time resolution of ∼ 10 fs. Lineshape analysis of MB and MB2 2DES bands at 298 and 77 K show effectively no difference in the diagonal/antidiagonal line width ratio for the dimer, in marked contrast to the distinct reduction of the homogeneous line width for MB. This result is interpreted as ultrafast population relaxation imposing a limitation to the homogeneous line width, instead of pure dephasing as in the case of the monomer. Narrowband transient absorption was performed with the aid of target analysis, to model the dynamics at longer times. The MB dynamics were described by a sequential model featuring vibrational relaxation (1-10 ps) followed by intersystem crossing and internal conversion (τ ∼ 370 ps) leaving behind MB triplet species. Alternatively, the dimer dynamics were entirely quenched within ∼ 10 ps, yielding a ground state recovery time of 3-4 ps. Such fast and complete relaxation to the ground state demonstrates the effect of concentration quenching when monomers are brought into close proximity. The formation of exciton states introduces an initial energy funnel that eventually leads to population relaxation to the ground state, preventing even the dissociation of dimers despite having internal energies well above its binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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33
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Bloemsma EA, Vlaming SM, Malyshev VA, Knoester J. Signature of anomalous exciton localization in the optical response of self-assembled organic nanotubes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:156804. [PMID: 25933330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.156804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We show that the disorder scaling of the low-temperature optical absorption linewidth of tubular molecular assemblies sharply contrasts with that known for one-dimensional aggregates. The difference can be explained by an anomalous localization of excitons, which arises from the combination of long-range intermolecular interactions and the tube's higher-dimensional geometry. As a result, the exciton density of states near the band bottom drops to zero, leading to a strong suppression of exciton localization. Our results explain the strong linear dichroism and weak exciton-exciton scattering in tubular J aggregates observed in experiments and suggest that for nanoscale wirelike applications a tubular shape is to be preferred over a truly one-dimensional chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bloemsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S M Vlaming
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V A Malyshev
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Knoester
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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34
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Ritschel G, Suess D, Möbius S, Strunz WT, Eisfeld A. Non-Markovian Quantum State Diffusion for temperature-dependent linear spectra of light harvesting aggregates. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:034115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4905327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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35
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Böckmann M, Schemme T, de Jong DH, Denz C, Heuer A, Doltsinis NL. Structure of P3HT crystals, thin films, and solutions by UV/Vis spectral analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:28616-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The shift in the absorption spectrum of P3HT when comparing solution, spin-coated thin films, and the bulk crystal can be reproduced by multiscale simulation and explained in terms of the degree of intramolecular torsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Böckmann
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Thomas Schemme
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Djurre H. de Jong
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Cornelia Denz
- Institut für Angewandte Physik
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Andreas Heuer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster and Center for Multiscale Theory & Computation
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
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36
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Pajusalu M, Kunz R, Rätsep M, Timpmann K, Köhler J, Freiberg A. Unified analysis of ensemble and single-complex optical spectral data from light-harvesting complex-2 chromoproteins for gaining deeper insight into bacterial photosynthesis. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:052709. [PMID: 26651725 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.052709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial light-harvesting pigment-protein complexes are very efficient at converting photons into excitons and transferring them to reaction centers, where the energy is stored in a chemical form. Optical properties of the complexes are known to change significantly in time and also vary from one complex to another; therefore, a detailed understanding of the variations on the level of single complexes and how they accumulate into effects that can be seen on the macroscopic scale is required. While experimental and theoretical methods exist to study the spectral properties of light-harvesting complexes on both individual complex and bulk ensemble levels, they have been developed largely independently of each other. To fill this gap, we simultaneously analyze experimental low-temperature single-complex and bulk ensemble optical spectra of the light-harvesting complex-2 (LH2) chromoproteins from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas acidophila in order to find a unique theoretical model consistent with both experimental situations. The model, which satisfies most of the observations, combines strong exciton-phonon coupling with significant disorder, characteristic of the proteins. We establish a detailed disorder model that, in addition to containing a C_{2}-symmetrical modulation of the site energies, distinguishes between static intercomplex and slow conformational intracomplex disorders. The model evaluations also verify that, despite best efforts, the single-LH2-complex measurements performed so far may be biased toward complexes with higher Huang-Rhys factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihkel Pajusalu
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ralf Kunz
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Margus Rätsep
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kõu Timpmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Köhler
- Experimental Physics IV and Bayreuth Institute for Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Arvi Freiberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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37
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Ng KK, Shakiba M, Huynh E, Weersink RA, Roxin Á, Wilson BC, Zheng G. Stimuli-responsive photoacoustic nanoswitch for in vivo sensing applications. ACS NANO 2014; 8:8363-8373. [PMID: 25046406 DOI: 10.1021/nn502858b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging provides high-resolution images at depths beyond the optical diffusion limit. To broaden its utility, there is need for molecular sensors capable of detecting environmental stimuli through alterations in photoacoustic signal. Photosynthetic organisms have evolved ingenious strategies to optimize light absorption through nanoscale ordered dye aggregation. Here, we use this concept to synthesize a stimuli-responsive nanoswitch with a large optical absorbance and sensing capabilities. Ordered dye aggregation between light-harvesting porphyrins was achieved through intercalation within thermoresponsive nanovesicles. This causes an absorbance red-shift of 74 nm and a 2.7-fold increase in absorptivity of the Qy-band, with concomitant changes in its photoacoustic spectrum. This spectral feature can be reversibly switched by exceeding a temperature threshold. Using this thermochromic property, we noninvasively determined a localized temperature change in vivo, relevant for monitoring thermal therapies of solid tumors. Similar strategies may be applied alongside photoacoustic imaging, to detect other stimuli such as pH and enzymatic activity.
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38
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Liu H, Shen L, Cao Z, Li X. Covalently linked perylenetetracarboxylic diimide dimers and trimers with rigid “J-type” aggregation structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:16399-406. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Brüning C, Renziehausen K, Engel V. On the parameterization of vibronic Hamiltonians for molecular aggregates using absorption line-shapes as an input. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:054303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4816765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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40
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Müller M, Paulheim A, Eisfeld A, Sokolowski M. Finite size line broadening and superradiance of optical transitions in two dimensional long-range ordered molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:044302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4813521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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41
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Scholz M, Holch F, Sauer C, Wiessner M, Schöll A, Reinert F. Core hole-electron correlation in coherently coupled molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:048102. [PMID: 23931410 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.048102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the core hole-electron correlation in coherently coupled molecules by energy dispersive near edge x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy. In a transient phase, which exists during the transition between two bulk arrangements, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylicacid-dianhydride multilayer films exhibit peculiar changes of the line shape and energy position of the x-ray absorption signal at the C K-edge with respect to the bulk and gas phase spectra. By a comparison to a theoretical model based on a coupling of transition dipoles, which is established for optical absorption, we demonstrate that the observed spectroscopic differences can be explained by an intermolecular delocalized core hole-electron pair. By applying this model we can furthermore quantify the coherence length of the delocalized core exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Scholz
- Experimentelle Physik VII and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Systems RCCM, Universität Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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42
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Han J, Zhang H, Abramavicius D. Exchange narrowing and exciton delocalization in disordered J aggregates: Simulated peak shapes in the two dimensional spectra. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:034313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4812927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Rich CC, McHale JL. Influence of hydrogen bonding on excitonic coupling and hierarchal structure of a light-harvesting porphyrin aggregate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:2362-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp23362b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregate: von ihrer zufälligen Entdeckung bis zum gezielten supramolekularen Aufbau funktioneller Farbstoffmaterialien. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Würthner F, Kaiser TE, Saha-Möller CR. J-Aggregates: From Serendipitous Discovery to Supramolecular Engineering of Functional Dye Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:3376-410. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1790] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Roden J, Eisfeld A, Dvořák M, Bünermann O, Stienkemeier F. Vibronic line shapes of PTCDA oligomers in helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:054907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3526749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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47
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Roden J, Strunz WT, Eisfeld A. Non-Markovian quantum state diffusion for absorption spectra of molecular aggregates. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:034902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3512979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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48
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Roden J, Eisfeld A. Anomalous strong exchange narrowing in excitonic systems. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:034901. [PMID: 21261385 DOI: 10.1063/1.3528718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roden
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straβe 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
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49
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Yang M, Skinner JL. Signatures of coherent vibrational energy transfer in IR and Raman line shapes for liquid water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 12:982-91. [PMID: 20066383 DOI: 10.1039/b918314k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We calculate theoretical IR and Raman line shapes for the OH stretch region of liquid water, using mixed quantum/classical and electronic-structure/molecular-dynamics methods. Our approach improves upon the time-averaging approximation used earlier for the same problem, and our results are in excellent agreement with experiment. Previous analysis of theoretical results for this problem considered the extent of delocalization (over local OH stretch excitations) of the instantaneous vibrational eigenstates. In this work we present a complementary analysis in the time-domain, by decomposing the appropriate response functions into diagonal and off-diagonal contributions (in the local mode basis). Our analysis indicates that all vibrational spectra show signatures of coherent vibrational energy transfer. This is manifest in different (IR, isotropic and depolarized Raman) experiments to different extents, because of the competition between coherent energy transfer and rotational disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mino Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Basic Sciences Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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50
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Roden J, Eisfeld A, Wolff W, Strunz WT. Influence of complex exciton-phonon coupling on optical absorption and energy transfer of quantum aggregates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:058301. [PMID: 19792538 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.058301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a theory that efficiently describes the quantum dynamics of an electronic excitation that is coupled to a continuous, highly structured phonon environment. Based on a stochastic approach to non-Markovian open quantum systems, we develop a dynamical framework that allows us to handle realistic systems where a fully quantum treatment is desired yet the usual approximation schemes fail. The capability of the method is demonstrated by calculating spectra and energy transfer dynamics of mesoscopic molecular aggregates, elucidating the transition from fully coherent to incoherent transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Roden
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
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