1
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Yang X, Liu N, Zhao J, Zhou S. Luminescence properties of endohedrally doped group-IV clusters. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:234305. [PMID: 38899686 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endohedrally doped clusters form a large category of cage clusters, with unique structures, diverse elemental compositions, and highly tunable electronic structures and physisochemical properties. They have been widely achieved in laboratory and may serve as functional building blocks for assembling new supermolecular structures and devices. In this paper, for the first time, we disclosed the luminescence properties of endohedrally doped group-IV clusters by time-dependent density functional theory calculations. A total of 64 cage clusters have been explored in terms of stability, emission wavelength, and the energy difference between the first excited singlet and triplet states. The key geometric and electronic factors governing the photophysical properties of these cage clusters were unveiled, to provide crucial insights for crafting atomically precise nanoclusters for optical and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Nanshu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and Micro-Nano Devices, Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education), Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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2
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Lu SJ, Gao ZO. Structural evolution and bonding properties of Nb1-2Gen-/0 (n = 3-7) clusters: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164306. [PMID: 38647305 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a collaborative experimental and theoretical investigation into the structures and electronic properties of niobium-doped germanium clusters. Anion photoelectron spectra for Nb1-2Gen- (n = 3-7) clusters were acquired using 266 nm photon energies, enabling the determination of adiabatic detachment energies and vertical detachment energies. In conjunction with these experimental measurements, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to validate the experimentally obtained electron detachment energies and elucidate the geometric and electronic structures of each anionic cluster. The agreement between DFT calculations and experimental data establishes a solid foundation for assessing the structural evolution and electronic properties of niobium-doped germanium clusters. It is noted that both neutral and anionic clusters exhibit predominantly similar overall structural characteristics, with the exception of Nb2Ge6- and Nb2Ge6. Furthermore, this investigation emphasizes the exceptional chemical stability of the D3d symmetric chair-shaped structure in Nb2Ge6-, providing insights into its bonding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Zhao-Ou Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang C, Zhao J, Liu L, Chen J, Wang Y. Discovery of a series of silicon-based ferrimagnets in CrMnSi n (n = 4-20) clusters. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:446-453. [PMID: 37942818 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties of silicon clusters with two different dopants, CrMnSin (n = 4-20) clusters were investigated at density functional theory (DFT) level. Small-sized CrMnSin (n = 4-9) clusters tend to adopt bipyramid-based geometries, while clusters with sizes n = 10 and 11 prefer to opening cage-like structures. For sizes n = 12 to 14, the half-encapsulated structures gradually transform into closed-cage Cr@Sin structures, with the Mn atom exposed outside. Starting from size 15, both the Cr and Mn atoms are completely encapsulated by silicon atoms. Meanwhile, the Cr and Mn atoms in smaller-sized CrMnSin (n = 4-7) clusters tend to be separated, while they prefer to stay together for larger sizes. Cr atom always acts as electron donor, but not for Mn atom. From the average binding energies, one can conclude that it is easier to form larger size clusters. Smaller and larger sized CrMnSin (n = 4-9 and 19-20) clusters prefer to exhibit ferromagnetic Cr-Mn coupling, while sizes n = 10-18 always exhibit ferrimagnetic state. To our knowledge, the CrMnSin clusters is the first kind of neutral transition-metal doped semiconductor clusters that show ferrimagnetic state within a wide size range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Chaoyong Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Le Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Jiaye Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
| | - Yarui Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Centre of Building-Photovoltaics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, China
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4
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Lu SJ, Gao ZO, Liang X, Zhang GS. Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry Calculations of Gas-Phase TaSi 17̅ and TaSi 18̅ Clusters: Structural Determination, Bonding Characteristics, and Multiplicity of Structural Forms. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38436243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the structures and chemical bonding properties of TaSi17̅ and TaSi18̅ clusters by employing anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical computations. Utilizing CALYPSO and ABCluster programs for initial structure prediction, B3LYP hybrid functional for optimization, and CCSD(T)/def2-TZVPPD level for energy calculations, the research identifies the most stable isomers of these clusters. Key findings include the identification of two coexisting low-energy isomers for TaSi17̅, exhibiting Ta-endohedral fullerene-like cage structures, and the lowest-energy structures of TaSi17̅ and TaSi18̅ anions can be considered as derived from the TaSi16̅ superatom cluster. The study enhances the understanding of group 14 element chemistry and guides the design of novel inorganic metallic compounds, potentially impacting materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Zhao-Ou Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (Peony College), Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Guo-Song Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (Peony College), Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
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5
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Lu SJ, Liang X, Zhang GS, Gao ZO, Wang K. Structural Determination and Bonding Characteristics of the Gas-Phase Ta 2Si 2̅ Anion and Its Neutral: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Studies. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9797-9803. [PMID: 37944049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The structures and bonding characteristics of Ta2Si2̅/0 clusters are investigated using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The vertical detachment energy of the Ta2Si2̅ anion is measured to be 2.00 ± 0.08 eV using the 266 nm photon. It is found that the Ta2Si2̅ anion has three low-energy isomers with a C2v symmetric Ta-Ta dibridged structural framework, all of which contribute to the experimental photoelectron spectrum, while the Ta2Si2 neutral also has a C2v symmetric Ta-Ta dibridged structural framework. The charge-transfer from Ta atoms to Si atoms is discovered using atomic dipole moment corrected Hirshfeld analysis for the Ta2Si2̅ anion and Ta2Si2 neutral. Chemical bonding investigations show that both the Ta2Si2̅ anion and Ta2Si2 neutral have a strong covalent Ta-Ta bond, as well as σ and π double bonding patterns. Furthermore, the Ta atoms are linked together by a single 2c-2e Ta2 σ bond, whereas the Si atoms are linked together with the Ta atoms via four 2c-2e TaSi σ bonds, two 3c-2e TaSi2 σ bonds, one 4c-2e Ta2Si2 σ bond, and one 4c-2e Ta2Si2 π bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (Peony College), Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Guo-Song Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering (Peony College), Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
| | - Zhao-Ou Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong Province 274015, China
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6
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Zhang LJ, Yang B, Li DZ, Pei L, Farooq U, Xu XL, Zheng WJ, Xu HG. Structural Evolution and Electronic Properties of V 2Si n-/0 ( n = 7-14) Clusters: Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14727-14738. [PMID: 37646377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A systematic study of the structures and electronic properties of V2-doped silicon clusters, V2Sin-/0 (n = 7-14), was carried out by anion photoelectron spectroscopic experiments combined with theoretical calculations. According to the experimental spectra of V2Sin- (n = 7-14) clusters, the V2Si12- cluster has the highest vertical detachment energy (VDE) of 3.66 eV, while V2Si7- and V2Si14- clusters have lower VDEs of 2.81 and 2.84 eV, respectively. The most stable structure searches find that two V atoms in the V2Sin- clusters with size n = 7 and 8 are located at the surface, while V2Sin- clusters with n ≥ 9 prefer cage-like structures. Based on the analysis of the structural evolution of V2Sin- (n = 9-14) clusters, it can be clearly seen how the antihexagonal prism with one V encapsulated in the cage is gradually built from n = 9 to 12 and further developed from n = 12 to 14 with the extra silicon atoms located at the surface of the Si12 cage. The molecular orbital and the atoms in molecule analysis of the V2Sin- (n = 7-14) anions demonstrate that the strong V-V bond and the delocalized interaction between the V2 moiety and the Sin ligand play a significant role in stabilizing the cluster structures. A strong linear correlation has been found between the Wiberg bond order of the V-V bond and the electron density at the V-V bond critical points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Da-Zhi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Ling Pei
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-Campus, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22060, Pakistan
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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7
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Xie B, Wang HQ, Li HF, Zhang JM, Zeng JK, Mei XJ, Zhang YH, Zheng H, Qin LX. Making Sense of the Growth Behavior of Ultra-High Magnetic Gd 2-Doped Silicon Clusters. Molecules 2023; 28:5071. [PMID: 37446733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth behavior, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of the Gd2Sin- (n = 3-12) clusters are reported, which are investigated using density functional theory calculations combined with the Saunders 'Kick' and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The lowest-lying structures of Gd2Sin- (n = 3-12) are all exohedral structures with two Gd atoms face-capping the Sin frameworks. Results show that the pentagonal bipyramid (PB) shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of the present clusters, and forming the PB structure begins with n = 5. The Gd2Si5- is the potential magic cluster due to significantly higher average binding energies and second order difference energies, which can also be further verified by localized orbital locator and adaptive natural density partitioning methods. Moreover, the localized f-electron can be observed by natural atomic orbital analysis, implying that these electrons are not affected by the pure silicon atoms and scarcely participate in bonding. Hence, the implantation of these elements into a silicon substrate could present a potential alternative strategy for designing and synthesizing rare earth magnetic silicon-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Xie
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jin-Kun Zeng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xun-Jie Mei
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Yong-Hang Zhang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Lan-Xin Qin
- College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
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8
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Tran VT. Electron Detachments of NbSi n-/0 ( n = 1-3) Clusters from Density Matrix Renormalization Group-CASPT2 Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4086-4095. [PMID: 37130051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The electronic states of NbSin-/0/+ (n = 1-3) clusters have been explored using the state-of-the-art DMRG-CASPT2 method with relatively large active spaces. The leading configurations, bond distances, vibrational frequencies, and relative energies of the low-lying states were identified. Electron detachment energies of the anionic cluster and ionization energies of the neutral clusters were reported at the DMRG-CASPT2 level. The ground states of the NbSin-/0/+ (n = 1-3) clusters were predicted as the 3Δ, 4Π, and 5Π states of the linear NbSi-/0/+, the 3A2, 4B1, and 3B1 states of cyclic NbSi2-/0/+, and the 1A', 2A', and 3A″ states of tetrahedral NbSi3-/0/+ isomers. The first feature in the photoelectron spectrum of NbSi- was attributed to the transitions from the anionic 3Δ ground state to the neutral 4Π, 4Δ, and 4Φ states, whereas the second feature was assigned to the transitions to the neutral 2Δ, 2Σ+, and 2Φ states. The first band in the photoelectron spectrum of NbSi3- was ascribed to the transition from the anionic 1A' ground state to the neutral 12A' and 12A″ states; the second band was attributed to the transitions to 22A', 22A″, and 32A' states; and the third band was assigned to the transition to 32A' states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap 871000, Vietnam
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9
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Yokoyama T, Nakajima A. Bridging the gas and condensed phases for metal-atom encapsulating silicon- and germanium-cage superatoms: electrical properties of assembled superatoms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:9738-9752. [PMID: 36947064 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of nanocluster (NC) synthesis methods in the gas phase, atomically precise NCs composed of a finite number of metal and semiconductor atoms have emerged. NCs are expected to be the smallest units for nanomaterials with various functions, such as catalysts, optoelectronic materials, and electromagnetic devices. The exploration of a stable NC called a magic number NC has revealed a couple of important factors, such as a highly symmetric geometric structure and an electronic shell closure, and a magic number behavior is often enhanced by mixing additional elements. A synergetic effect between geometric and electronic structures leads to the formation of chemically robust NC units called superatoms (SAs), which act as individual units assembled as thin films. The agglomeration of non-ligated bare SAs is desirable in fabricating the assembled SAs associated with intrinsic SA nature. The recent development of an intensive pulsed magnetron sputtering method opens up the scalable synthesis of SAs in the gas phase, enabling the fabrication of SA assembly coupled with the non-destructive deposition of a soft-landing technique. This perspective describes our recent progress in the investigation of the formation of binary cage SA (BCSA) assembled thin films composed of metal-atom encapsulating silicon-cage SAs (M@Si16) and germanium-cage SAs (M@Ge16), with a focus on their electrical properties associated with a conduction mechanism toward the development of new functional nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaho Yokoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
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10
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Structural evolution, electronic and magnetic properties investigation of V3Si− (n=14–18) clusters based on photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2023.140423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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11
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Tan Tran V. A DMRG-CASPT2 investigation on the electronic states of NiSi−/0/+ (n = 1-3) Clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2023.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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12
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Lu QH, Lu J, Li XJ. Structural evolution and electronic properties of neutral and anionic TiASi l (A = Sc, Ti; l ≤ 12): relatively stable TiASi 4 as a structural unit. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:529-539. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04925b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular orbitals (MO) and the HOMO–LUMO energy gaps (HLgs) of neutral TiASi4 clusters (A = Sc, Ti).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Biomass-Energy Conversion, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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13
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Geometric, electronic and spectral properties of germanium and Eu-doped germanium clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Wang K, Yin GJ, Jia ZZ, Miao L, Moro R, von Issendorff B, Ma L. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory study of TM 2Si n- (TM = V, Cr; n = 14-20) clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:18321-18330. [PMID: 35880636 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structural evolution and electronic properties of medium-sized silicon cluster anions doped with two transition metal atoms, TM2Sin- (TM = V, Cr; n = 14-20), by using mass-selective anion photoelectron spectroscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Putative ground state structures of these clusters were obtained by using a genetic algorithm coupled with the DFT calculations. It was found that the two TM atoms tend to form a TM-TM bond, which - except for V2Si19- - is shorter than the nearest neighbour distance in the crystalline state of the respective metals. The V2Sin- clusters with n = 14 to 17 exhibit structures based on a silicon hexagonal antiprism, while the larger ones exhibit more fullerene-like cage structures. Cr2Sin- clusters follow the same trend, although with a silicon hexagonal prism structure for n = 14 and 15, and the transition to fullerene-like structures occurring at n = 17. Among these clusters, TM2Si18- have the largest average binding energy and second order differences in energy, therefore the highest relative stability. All of the clusters possess total magnetic moment of 1 μB, but with very different contributions from the doped TM atoms. Especially in the Cr doped clusters there is a tendency towards an anitiferromagnetic arrangement of the magnetic moments of the two Cr atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guang-Jia Yin
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ze-Zhao Jia
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstr. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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15
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Wang K, Jia ZZ, Fan Z, Zhao HY, Yin GJ, Moro R, von Issendorff B, Ma L. Structures and electronic properties of VSi n- ( n = 14-20) clusters: a combined experimental and density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8839-8845. [PMID: 35355038 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00619g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of the structures and electronic properties of vanadium-doped silicon cluster anions, VSin- (n = 14-20), by combining photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) measurements and density functional theory (DFT) based theoretical calculations. High resolution PES of low temperature (10 K) clusters are acquired at a photon wavelength of 248 nm. Low-lying structures of VSi14-20- are obtained by a genetic algorithm based global minimum search code combined with DFT calculations. Excellent agreement is found between the measured PES and the simulated electron density of states of the putative ground-state structures. We conclude that clusters with sizes n = 14 and n = 15 prefer cage-like structures, with the encapsulated vanadium atom bonding with all silicon atoms, while a fullerene-like motif is more favorable for n ≥ 16. For the sizes n = 16 to 19, the structures consist of a V@Si14 with two, three, four, and five Si atoms on the surface of the cage. For n = 20 the structure consists of a V@Si15 with five Si atoms on the surface of the cage. VSi14- has the highest stability and stands out as a simultaneous closing of electronic and geometrical shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ze-Zhao Jia
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zheng Fan
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Hong-Yuan Zhao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Guang-Jia Yin
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstr. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China.
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16
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Mohajeri A, Mahmoudi Dehkohneh S. Application of chromium-silicon cluster for selective removal of arsenic and sulfide from wastewater. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Mohajeri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Wang K, Zhao HY, Miao L, Jia ZZ, Yin GJ, Zhu XD, Moro R, von Issendorff B, Ma L. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Density Functional Investigation of the Structural Evolution, Electronic, and Magnetic Properties of CrSi n- ( n = 14-18) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1329-1335. [PMID: 35175756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CrSin- (n = 14-18) cluster anions have been investigated by a combination of photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and first-principles calculations. The lowest-lying structures of the clusters have been determined by a global minimum search based on the genetic algorithm, combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The simulated PES spectra of the lowest-energy isomers are in agreement with the experimental results, which gives strong evidence that the correct structures have been found. While sizes n = 14 and n = 15 prefer cage-like structures based on multi-center bonding within the cage, the larger sizes adopt structures based on fullerene-type cages around the Cr atom, with the additional atoms attached to the cage surface. A Hirshfeld analysis shows that the Cr atoms act as electron donors in all clusters, thus enhancing the electron count in the cage. It also reveals that the magnetic moment of 1μB shown by all clusters is mainly contributed by the Cr atom. One interesting exception is size 17, where the Cr atom contributes a small moment antiparallel to that of the silicon cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Zhao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ze-Zhao Jia
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Guang-Jia Yin
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ramiro Moro
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bernd von Issendorff
- Fakultät für Physik, Universität Freiburg, H. Herderstr. 3. D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lei Ma
- Tianjin International Center for Nanoparticles and Nanosystems, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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18
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Geometric and electronic structures of CrSi−/0/+ (n = 1–3) clusters from DMRG-CASPT2 calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Lu J, Lu QH, Li XJ. Quantum chemistry calculations of the growth patterns, simulated photoelectron spectra, and electronic properties of LaASi l (A = Sc, Y, La; l ≤ 10) compounds and their anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:25679-25688. [PMID: 34755155 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03767f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth patterns, simulated photoelectron spectra, and electronic properties of LaASil (A = Sc, Y, and La; l ≤ 10) compounds and their anions were studied via quantum chemistry calculations using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) method and unprejudiced structural searching software ABCluster. The results revealed that the growth patterns of the most stable structures of neutral and anionic LaASil showed an adsorptive mode. The lowest-energy structures (LESs) of the LaASil (l ≤ 7) clusters were similar, except for those of anionic LaYSi4- and LaYSi5- and neutral LaScSi7. Additionally, we investigated and calculated the photoelectron spectra, vertical detachment energies, adiabatic electron affinities, relative stability, charge transfer, magnetic moment, and chemical bond analysis of the LaASil ground-state structures. The La2Sil clusters exhibited higher stability than the LaYSil and LaScSil systems owing to their higher dissociation energies (DEs). The DEs of the LESs in the LaASi3 molecule are higher than those of other clusters. Thus, the LaASi3 cluster shows potential as a building framework for Si-based cluster materials with good stability. The natural population analysis data and chemical bond analysis results showed that the spd hybridization of the orbitals of the metal atoms in the LaASil system occurred. Except for the LaScSi9 and LaScSi10 clusters, the neutral LaASil compounds transform into the corresponding anions when an extra electron is accepted by the Si clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Hua Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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20
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Probing the Structures, Stabilities and Electronic Properties of Neutral and Anionic PrSinλ (n = 1–9, λ = 0, − 1) Clusters: Comparison with Pure Silicon Clusters. J CLUST SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-021-02188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Tran VT. Electronic States of CoSi n-/0/+ ( n = 1-3) Clusters from Density Matrix Renormalization Group-CASPT2 Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5800-5810. [PMID: 34180239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c04469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density matrix renormalization group-CASPT2 (DMRG-CASPT2), CASPT2, and density functional theory are employed to describe the complicated geometrical and electronic structures of CoSin-/0/+ (n = 1-3) clusters. The active spaces of DMRG-CASPT2 are extended to 23 orbitals. The DMRG-CASPT2 method with such large active spaces is reasonable to provide highly accurate relative energies of the electronic states. The pure BP86, PBE, and TPSS functionals appear to be suitable to compute the relative energies of the electronic states of cobalt-doped silicon clusters. The leading configurations, bond distances, vibrational frequencies, normal modes, and relative energies of the electronic states are reported. The electron detachment energies of the removals of one electron from the anionic and neutral clusters are estimated. All six bands in the photoelectron spectrum of CoSi3- are interpreted based on the computed electron detachment energies and Franck-Condon factor simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Tan Tran
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division, Dong Thap University, 783-Pham Huu Lau, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
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22
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Study on the growth behavior and photoelectron spectroscopy of neodymium-doped silicon nanoclusters NdSi n0/- (n = 8-20) with a double-hybrid density functional theory. J Mol Model 2021; 27:86. [PMID: 33598800 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Structural evolution, magnetic moment, and thermochemical and spectral properties of NdSin0/- (n = 8-20) nanoclusters were studied. Optimized structures for NdSin demonstrated that the configuration with quintet ground state prefers Nd-substituted for a Si of the most stable Sin + 1 (n = 8-11) structure to Nd-linked configuration with Si9 tricapped trigonal prism subcluster (n = 12-19). Finally, the configuration prefers to Nd-encapsulated into Si cage framework (n = 20). For anion, the evolution at the quartet state prefers Nd-linked structure for n = 8-19 (excluded 9), and prefers Nd-encapsulated structure of n = 20. The spectral information including electron affinity, vertical detachment energy, and simulated photoelectron spectroscopy were also observed. The 4f electrons of Nd atom in NdSin with n = 8-10 hardly participate in bonding, but take part in remaining neutral clusters and all anionic NdSin- clusters. The calculations of average bond energy, HOMO-LUMO gap, and chemical bonding analyses reveal that NdSi20- possesses perfect thermodynamic and ideal chemical stability, making it as the most appropriate constitutional units for novel multi-functional semiconductors.
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23
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Lu SJ. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations of TaSi 16−/0 clusters: global minimum fullerene-like cage structure, bonding and superatom properties. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00214g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
TaSi16− has a fullerene-like cage structure, σ + π double delocalized bonding patterns, a superatom closed-shell electron configuration, and aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Heze University
- Heze
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
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24
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Lu SJ, Wang MY, Wu LS, Wu YF. Modification of geometrical and electronic structures of anionic and neutral silicon clusters by double-doped tantalum atoms. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1770883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Shun Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fang Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Lu SJ, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Structural Evolution and Electronic Properties of TaSi n-/0 ( n = 2-15) Clusters: Size-Selected Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9818-9831. [PMID: 33198467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The structural evolution and electronic properties of TaSin-/0 (n = 2-15) clusters are explored using anion photoelectron spectroscopy accompanied by quantum chemical calculations. The Ta atom in TaSin-/0 is inclined to interact with more Si atoms and has high coordination numbers. The theoretical calculations show that TaSi2-/0 have trianglur structures and TaSi3-/0 adopt pyramid structures, while the geometries of TaSin-/0 (n = 4-7) are all exohedral structures dominated by bipyramid-based configurations with the Ta atom face-capping the Sin motifs. TaSi8-/0 and TaSi9-10- have boat-shaped geometries, whereas TaSi9-10 neutrals adopt bipyramid-based geometries instead of boat-shaped ones. TaSi11- and TaSi12 are confirmed as the critical size of transiting from exohedral to endohedral structures for anionic and neutral clusters, respectively. TaSi12-15-/0 have pentagonal or hexagonal prism-based geometries. Natural population analysis shows that the electron transfers from Sin skeletons to Ta atom. The second-order energy differences (Δ2E) and incremental binding energy (ΔEI) values exhibit strong odd-even alternations, suggesting that the TaSin-odd-/0 clusters are more stable than the adjacent TaSin-even-/0 ones, except that TaSi12-/0 are more stable than TaSi11-/0 and TaSi13-/0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, Shandong 274015, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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26
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Zhang LJ, Yang B, Li DZ, Farooq U, Xu XL, Zheng WJ, Xu HG. Appearance of V-encapsulated tetragonal prism motifs in VSi 10- and VSi 11- clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22989-22996. [PMID: 33030474 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural and electronic properties of V-doped silicon clusters, VSi10-/0 and VSi11-/0, were investigated by using mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with theoretical calculations. Photoelectron spectroscopy of VSi10- and VSi11- clusters with spectral similarity reveals that the two cluster structures resemble each other. Interestingly, theoretical calculation studies provide definitive evidence of the global minima for the two clusters to be V-encapsulated tetragonal prism motifs with extra Si atoms bicapped and tricapped, respectively. The enhanced stability of the tetragonal prism unit in VSi10- and VSi11- is due to the strong interactions between 3d (V) and 3p (Si) orbitals, and more charge transfers from the Sin framework to the encapsulated V atom. The tetragonal prism unit possessed by both the VSi10- and VSi11- clusters is observed for the first time in the current work, and may offer new ideas in developing components for Si-based nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Da-Zhi Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Safety Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China.
| | - Umar Farooq
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad-Campus, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and Physical Science Laboratory, Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Fan YW, Wang HQ, Li HF. Probing the structural and electronic properties of anionic europium-doped silicon clusters by density functional theory and comparison of experimental photoelectron spectroscopy. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Koyasu K, Tsuruoka K, Kameoka S, Tsai AP, Tsukuda T. Au 3Si 4- and Au 4Si 4: Electronically Equivalent but Different Polarity Superatoms. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:7710-7715. [PMID: 32866394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c05592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of AuxSi4- cluster anions (x = 1-4) were generated most abundantly by laser ablation of a Au4Si alloy target. Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculation of AuxSi4- (x = 1-4) revealed that Au3Si4- can be viewed as an electronically closed superatom and is composed of a Si4 unit whose three adjacent edges of a single facet are bridged by three Au atoms. Such phase-segregated structure is facilitated by aurophilic interaction between the three Au atoms and results in a large permanent dipole moment (4.43 D). DFT calculations on an electronically equivalent superatom Au4Si4 predicted a new structure in which the uncoordinated Si atom of Au3Si4- is bonded by Au+. This Au4Si4 is much more stable than a cubic structure previously reported and has a large HOMO-LUMO gap (1.68 eV) and a small permanent dipole moment (0.41 D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiichirou Koyasu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tsuruoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kameoka
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - An-Pang Tsai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.,National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
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29
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Fan YW, Wang HQ, Li HF. Structural and electronic properties of exohedrally doped neutral silicon clusters LnSi n ( n = 5, 10; Ln = Sm, Eu, Yb). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20545-20552. [PMID: 32966449 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03754k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lanthanide-doped silicon clusters have been extensively studied in the fields of optoelectronics, magnetism and nanomaterials during the last decade. Herein, systematic structure searches for typical neutral clusters of lanthanide-doped silicon clusters LnSin (n = 5, 10; Ln = Sm, Eu, Yb) have been performed by means of density functional theory coupled with the "stochastic kicking" global search technique. It is found that the Ln atom in LnSin prefers to locate on the surface of Sin to form an exohedral structure, and this exohedral configuration may dominate the nascent structure of LnSin. The spin density and Mulliken population analyses indicate that LnSin clusters possess remarkable magnetic moments (except for YbSin), which are mainly supplied by the Ln 4f electrons (except for Yb). Density of states visually shows the significant spin polarization for open-shell structures of SmSin and EuSin. As for the YbSin (n = 5, 10) system, it has a closed-shell electronic structure with a large HOMO-LUMO gap of 2.72 eV. Bonding analysis, including localized orbital locator and electron density difference, shows that the Si-Si covalent interaction and Sm-Si electrostatic interaction are important for the structural stability of LnSin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Fan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Huai-Qian Wang
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- College of engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China.
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiuying Du
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Center for Informatics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, NH-91, Tehsil Dadri, Gautam Buddha Nagar 201314, U. P., India
- Dr. Vijay Kumar Foundation, 1969 Sector 4, Gurgaon 122001, Haryana, India
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31
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Dong C, Yang J, Lu J. Structural and electronic properties of nanosize semiconductor HfSi n0/-/2- (n = 6-16) material: a double-hybrid density functional theory investigation. J Mol Model 2020; 26:85. [PMID: 32219564 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Equilibrium geometries, thermodynamic stabilities, chemical reactivities, and electronic properties of neutral, mono-, and di-anionic Hf-doped silicon nanoclusters HfSin0/-2- (n = 6-16) are calculated by employing an ABCluster global search technique combined with mPW2PLYP scheme. Based on the concordance between simulated and experimental PES, the true global minima are confirmed for n = 6, 9, and 12-16. Optimized geometries for neutral HfSin nanoclusters can be divided into three stages: first, Hf atom prefers locating on the surface site of the cluster for n = 6-9, which can be obtained by adding one, two, three, and four Si atoms to HfSi5 tetragonal bipyramid, respectively (denoted as additive type); then, Hf atom is surrounded by Si atoms with half-cage configuration for n = 10-13; finally, Hf atom is encapsulated into Si cage pattern for n = 14-16. For mono-anions, it is from additive type (n = 6-11) to the cagelike configuration with Hf atom resided in silicon clusters (n = 12-16). For di-anions, it is additive type (n = 6-9) to the Hf-linked configuration (n = 10-11), and in the end to the Hf-encapsulated cagelike motif (n = 12-16). The thorough analysis of stability and chemical bonding revealed that the neutral HfSi16 and di-anionic HfSi152- are magic nanoclusters with good thermodynamic and chemical stability, which may make them as the most suitable building block for new functional materials. We suggest that the experimental PES of HfSin- with n = 7, 8, 10, and 11 should be further examined due to the lack of comparably low electron binding energy peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Dong
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot, 010051, People's Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot, 010051, People's Republic of China.
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, People's Republic of China
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32
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Chen Y, Yang J, Dong C. Structural and electronic properties of nanosize semiconductor CeSi0/− (n = 4–20) material: A double-hybrid density functional theory investigation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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33
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Lu SJ. Dynamical fluxionality, multiplicity of geometrical forms, and electronic properties of anionic, neutral, and cationic TanSi12 (n = 1–3) clusters: quantum chemical calculations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1682209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Jie Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Heze University, Heze, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Dong C, Han L, Yang J, Cheng L. Study on Structural Evolution, Thermochemistry and Electron Affinity of Neutral, Mono- and Di-Anionic Zirconium-Doped Silicon Clusters ZrSi n0/-/2- ( n = 6-16). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122933. [PMID: 31208072 PMCID: PMC6627843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We have carried out a global search of systematic isomers for the lowest energy of neutral and Zintl anionic Zr-doped Si clusters ZrSin0/-/2- (n = 6–16) by employing the ABCluster global search method combined with the mPW2PLYP double-hybrid density functional. In terms of the evaluated energies, adiabatic electron affinities, vertical detachment energies, and agreement between simulated and experimental photoelectron spectroscopy, the true global minimal structures are confirmed. The results reveal that structural evolution patterns for neutral ZrSin clusters prefer the attaching type (n = 6–9) to the half-cage motif (n = 10–13), and finally to a Zr-encapsulated configuration with a Zr atom centered in a Si cage (n = 14–16). For Zintl mono- and di-anionic ZrSin-/2-, their growth patterns adopt the attaching configuration (n = 6–11) to encapsulated shape (n = 12–16). The further analyses of stability and chemical bonding make it known that two extra electrons not only perfect the structure of ZrSi15 but also improve its chemical and thermodynamic stability, making it the most suitable building block for novel multi-functional nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
| | - Limin Han
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
| | - Jucai Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
| | - Lin Cheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China.
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35
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Wilson RJ, Lichtenberger N, Weinert B, Dehnen S. Intermetalloid and Heterometallic Clusters Combining p-Block (Semi)Metals with d- or f-Block Metals. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8506-8554. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Wilson
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Weinert
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie und Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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36
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Nguyen MT, Tran QT, Tran VT. The ground and excited low-lying states of VSi20/−/+ clusters from CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Theoretical Study on the Growth Behavior and Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lanthanum-Doped Silicon Clusters LaSi
n
0/−
(n = 6–20). J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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38
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Liu Y, Yang J, Li S, Cheng L. Structural growth pattern of neutral and negatively charged yttrium-doped silicon clusters YSin0/− (n=6–20): from linked to encapsulated structures. RSC Adv 2019; 9:2731-2739. [PMID: 35520532 PMCID: PMC9059891 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09492f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Superatom YSi20−, with an ideal thermodynamic stability and chemical reactivity, is the most suitable building block for novel optical, optoelectronic photosensitive or catalytic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation
- Hohhot 010051
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation
- Hohhot 010051
- People's Republic of China
| | - Suying Li
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology
- Hohhot 010051
- People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Inner Mongolia University of Technology
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation
- Hohhot 010051
- People's Republic of China
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39
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Yang B, Xu H, Xu X, Zheng W. Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study of CrnSi15–n– (n = 1–3): Effects of Doping Cr Atoms on the Structural and Magnetic Properties. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9886-9893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongguang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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40
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Lu SJ. Exploring the structural evolution and electronic properties of medium-sized Nb2Sin−/0 (n = 13–20) clusters by density functional theory calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Lu SJ, Wu LS, Lin F. Probing the geometric structures and bonding properties in Nb2Si20−/0 clusters by density functional theory calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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42
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Liu Y, Yang J, Cheng L. Structural Stability and Evolution of Scandium-Doped Silicon Clusters: Evolution of Linked to Encapsulated Structures and Its Influence on the Prediction of Electron Affinities for ScSin (n = 4–16) Clusters. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12934-12940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jucai Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Simulation, Hohhot 010051, People’s Republic of China
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43
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Wu X, Zhou S, Huang X, Chen M, Bruce King R, Zhao J. Revisit of large-gap Si 16 clusters encapsulating group-IV metal atoms (Ti, Zr, Hf). J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2268-2272. [PMID: 30277594 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Doped clusters by Si16 cage encapsulating group-IV metal atoms (M@Si16 , M = Ti, Zr and Hf) are computationally investigated by both density functional theory (DFT) and high-level CCSD(T) method. Their low-energy structures are globally searched using a genetic algorithm based on DFT. The ground state structures of neutral and anionic M@Si16 are determined by calculating the vertical and adiabatic detachment energies and comparing them with the experimental data. For neutral Ti@Si16 , the Frank-Kasper (FK) deltahedron with T d symmetry and distorted FK isomer with C3v symmetry are nearly degenerate as the ground state and may coexist in laboratory, while the distorted FK isomer is the most probable structure for Ti@Si16 - anion. For neutral and anionic Zr@Si16 and Hf@Si16 clusters, the ground states at finite temperatures up to 300 K are the fullerene-like D 4d bitruncated square trapezohedron. These theoretical results establish a more complete picture for the most stable structures of M@Si16 clusters, which possess large gaps and may serve as building blocks for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Si Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaoming Huang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin Campus, Panjin, 124221, China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602, USA
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education), Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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44
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Wu X, Liang X, Du Q, Zhao J, Chen M, Lin M, Wang J, Yin G, Ma L, King RB, von Issendorff B. Medium-sized [Formula: see text] (n = 14-20) clusters: a combined study of photoelectron spectroscopy and DFT calculations. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:354002. [PMID: 30051877 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aad65a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Size-selected anionic silicon clusters, [Formula: see text] (n = 14-20), have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Low-energy structures of the clusters are globally searched for by using a genetic algorithm based on DFT calculations. The electronic density of states and vertical detachment energies have been simulated by using ten DFT functionals and compared to the experimental results. We systematically evaluated the DFT functionals for the calculation of the energetics of silicon clusters. CCSD(T) single-point energies based on MP2 optimized geometries for selected isomers of [Formula: see text] are also used as benchmark for the energy sequence. The HSE06 functional with aug-cc-pVDZ basis set is found to show the best performance. Our global minimum search corroborates that most of the lowest-energy structures of [Formula: see text] (n = 14-20) clusters can be derived from assembling tricapped trigonal prisms in various ways. For most sizes previous structures are confirmed, whereas for [Formula: see text] a new structure has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
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45
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Borshch NA, Kurganskii SI. Anionic Germanium–Niobium Clusters: Atomic Structure, Mechanisms of Cluster Formation, and Electronic Spectra. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418090078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Lu SJ, Wu LS, Lin F. Probing the structures and properties of Ti2Si20−/0 clusters by density functional theory calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Thao NM, Hanh NTH, Tuan TT, Tri TQ, Van Tan T. An investigation on the electronic structures of diatomic VSi0/−/+
clusters by CASSCF/CASPT2 method. VIETNAM JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/vjch.201800034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Thao
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division; Dong Thap University; Viet Nam
- Faculty of Chemistry; University of Science - VNUHCMC; Viet Nam
| | | | - Tran Thanh Tuan
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division; Dong Thap University; Viet Nam
| | - Tran Quoc Tri
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division; Dong Thap University; Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Tan
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Division; Dong Thap University; Viet Nam
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48
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Tsunoyama H, Shibuta M, Nakaya M, Eguchi T, Nakajima A. Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Encapsulating Si 16 Cage Superatoms. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1735-1745. [PMID: 29715011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanoclusters, aggregates of several to hundreds of atoms, have been one of the central issues of nanomaterials sciences owing to their unique structures and properties, which could be found neither in nanoparticles with several nanometer diameters nor in organometallic complexes. Along with the chemical nature of each element, properties of nanoclusters change dramatically with size parameters, making nanoclusters strong potential candidates for future tailor-made materials; these nanoclusters are expected to have attractive properties such as redox activity, catalysis, and magnetism. Alloying of nanoclusters additionally gives designer functionality by fine control of their electronic structures in addition to size parameters. Among binary nanoclusters, binary cage superatoms (BCSs) composed of transition metal (M) encapsulating silicon cages, M@Si16, have unique cage structures of 16 silicon atoms, which have not been found in elemental silicon nanoclusters, organosilicon compounds, and silicon based clathrates. The unique composition of these BCSs originates from the simultaneous satisfaction of geometric and electronic shell-closings in terms of cage geometry and valence electron filling, where a total of 68 valence electrons occupy the superatomic orbitals of (1S)2(1P)6(1D)10(1F)14(2S)2(1G)18(2P)6(2D)10 for M = group 4 elements in neutral ground state. The most important issue for M@Si16 BCSs is fine-tuning of their characters by replacement of the central metal atoms, M, based on one-by-one adjustment of valence electron counts in the same structure framework of Si16 cage; the replacement of M yields a series of M@Si16 BCSs, based on their superatomic characteristics. So far, despite these unique features probed in the gas-phase molecular beam and predicted by quantum chemical calculations, M@Si16 have not yet been isolated. In this Account, we have focused on recent advances in synthesis and characterizations of M@Si16 BCSs (M = Ti and Ta). A series of M@Si16 BCSs (M = groups 3 to 5) was found in gas-phase molecular beam experiments by photoelectron spectroscopy and mass spectrometry: formation of halogen-, rare-gas-, and alkali-like superatoms was identified through one-by-one tuning of number of total valence electrons. Toward future functional materials in the solid state, we have developed an intensive, size-selected nanocluster source based on high-power impulse magnetron sputtering coupled with a mass spectrometer and a soft-landing apparatus. With scanning probe microscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy, the structure of surface-immobilized BCSs has been elucidated; BCSs can be dispersed in an isolated form using C60 fullerene decoration of the substrate. The intensive nanocluster source also enables the synthesis of BCSs in the 100-mg scale by coupling with a direct liquid-embedded trapping method into organic dispersants, enabling their structure characterization as a highly symmetric "metal-encapsulating tetrahedral silicon-cage" (METS) structure with Frank-Kasper geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsunoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibuta
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Masato Nakaya
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Eguchi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences (KiPAS), Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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49
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Borshch NA, Kurganskii SI. Spatial Structure, Electron Energy Spectrum, and Growth of HfSi
n
−
Clusters (n = 6–20). RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602361808003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Joshi M, Chandrasekar A, Ghanty TK. Theoretical investigation of M@Pb 122- and M@Sn 122- Zintl clusters (M = Lr n+, Lu n+, La 3+, Ac 3+ and n = 0, 1, 2, 3). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15253-15272. [PMID: 29790514 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01056k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The positions of lawrencium (Lr), lutetium (Lu), actinium (Ac) and lanthanum (La) in the periodic table have been a controversial topic for quite some time. According to studies carried out by different groups with their justifications, these elements may potentially be placed in the d-block, p-block or all four in a 15 element f-block. The present work looks into this issue from a new perspective, which involves encapsulation of these four elements into Zintl ion clusters, Pb122- and Sn122-, followed by the determination of the structural, thermodynamic and electronic properties of these endohedral M@Pb122- and M@Sn122- clusters (M = Lrn+, Lun+ with n = 0, 1, 2, 3) using first principles based density functional theory (DFT). These parameters are compared with similar clusters encapsulated La3+ and Ac3+ ions in order to seek out similarities and differences to draw conclusions about their placement in the periodic table. For the first time the structural, energetic, and electronic properties of these metal atom/ion encapsulated Pb122- and Sn122- clusters have been investigated thoroughly. Structural parameters such as bond distances, geometry and symmetry, electronic properties viz. the density of states, the molecular orbital ordering, the electron localization function, bond critical point properties and charge distributions have been analyzed. Additionally, the thermodynamic property of the binding energy during the encapsulation process has also been calculated. All M@Pb12+ and M@Sn12+ (M = Lr and Lu) clusters form stable 18 bonding electron magic number systems with shell closing. They show negative values of binding energy and relatively large HOMO-LUMO energy gaps indicating the stability of such clusters. All the calculated parameters for Lr encapsulated clusters closely match with the corresponding calculated parameters of Lu encapsulated clusters, confirming the similarity between Lr and Lu metal atoms in various oxidation states, though their atomic ground state valence electronic configurations are different. The effect of spin orbit coupling has also been investigated using the ZORA approach. It is interesting to discover that La and Ac showed striking similarities to Lr and Lu with respect to all the properties investigated and have formed a stable 18-electron system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Joshi
- Theoretical Chemistry Section, Chemistry Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India.
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