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Kirchner KA, Cassar DR, Zanotto ED, Ono M, Kim SH, Doss K, Bødker ML, Smedskjaer MM, Kohara S, Tang L, Bauchy M, Wilkinson CJ, Yang Y, Welch RS, Mancini M, Mauro JC. Beyond the Average: Spatial and Temporal Fluctuations in Oxide Glass-Forming Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 123:1774-1840. [PMID: 35511603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atomic structure dictates the performance of all materials systems; the characteristic of disordered materials is the significance of spatial and temporal fluctuations on composition-structure-property-performance relationships. Glass has a disordered atomic arrangement, which induces localized distributions in physical properties that are conventionally defined by average values. Quantifying these statistical distributions (including variances, fluctuations, and heterogeneities) is necessary to describe the complexity of glass-forming systems. Only recently have rigorous theories been developed to predict heterogeneities to manipulate and optimize glass properties. This article provides a comprehensive review of experimental, computational, and theoretical approaches to characterize and demonstrate the effects of short-, medium-, and long-range statistical fluctuations on physical properties (e.g., thermodynamic, kinetic, mechanical, and optical) and processes (e.g., relaxation, crystallization, and phase separation), focusing primarily on commercially relevant oxide glasses. Rigorous investigations of fluctuations enable researchers to improve the fundamental understanding of the chemistry and physics governing glass-forming systems and optimize structure-property-performance relationships for next-generation technological applications of glass, including damage-resistant electronic displays, safer pharmaceutical vials to store and transport vaccines, and lower-attenuation fiber optics. We invite the reader to join us in exploring what can be discovered by going beyond the average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn A Kirchner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Daniel R Cassar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
- Ilum School of Science, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Edgar D Zanotto
- Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Sao Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Madoka Ono
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC Incorporated, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Karan Doss
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Mikkel L Bødker
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg 9220, Denmark
| | - Shinji Kohara
- Research Center for Advanced Measurement and Characterization National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Longwen Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mathieu Bauchy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Collin J Wilkinson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Research and Development, GlassWRX, Beaufort, South Carolina 29906, United States
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Rebecca S Welch
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Matthew Mancini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - John C Mauro
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Komatsu T, Honma T. Crystallization data-driven proposal on distribution model of composition fluctuations in structure of oxide glasses. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang Z, Huang S, Wen G, Jiang W, Chen F, Tang P. Effects of temperature on the thermal conductivity of amorphous CaO-SiO 2-Al 2O 3 slags: a computational insight. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8808-8816. [PMID: 32285900 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00382d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 (CSA) slags are widely used in the glass, ceramic, cement and metallurgy industries. Temperature, as an external condition, plays an important role in the thermal conductivity of silicates. Herein, the effects of temperature on the thermal conductivity of CSA slags were systematically investigated by using equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) simulations. Moreover, the effects of the composition and the structural unit on the thermal conductivity of CSA slags were examined. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of amorphous CSA slags significantly increases with an increase in temperature in the range of 1273 to 1973 K. Furthermore regression analysis based on a machine learning method showed that the temperature is the most crucial factor that affects the thermal conductivity of amorphous CSA slags, and high CaO/Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 molar ratios can lead to high thermal conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
| | - Shuheng Huang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guanghua Wen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
| | - Fuhang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
| | - Ping Tang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China. and State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmissions, Chongqing University, Chongqing 40044, China
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Kirchner KA, Bødker MS, Smedskjaer MM, Kim SH, Mauro JC. Statistical Mechanical Model of Topological Fluctuations and the Intermediate Phase in Binary Phosphate Glasses. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7640-7648. [PMID: 31404490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Glasses are topologically disordered materials with varying degrees of fluctuations in structure and topology. This study links statistical mechanics and topological constraint theory to quantify the degree of topological fluctuations in binary phosphate glasses. Because fluctuations are a potential mechanism enabling self-organization, we investigated the ability of phosphate glasses to adapt their topology to mitigate localized stresses, e.g., in the formation of a stress-free intermediate phase. Results revealed the dependency of both glass composition and temperature in governing the ability of a glass network to relax localized stresses and achieve an ideal, isostatic state; also, the possibility of a second intermediate phase at higher modifier content was found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mikkel S Bødker
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten M Smedskjaer
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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Florian P, Novikov A, Drewitt JWE, Hennet L, Sarou-Kanian V, Massiot D, Fischer HE, Neuville DR. Structure and dynamics of high-temperature strontium aluminosilicate melts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:27865-27877. [PMID: 30398243 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04908d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the study of high-temperature melts (1600-2300 °C) and related glasses in the SrO-Al2O3-SiO2 phase diagram considering three series: (i) depolymerized ([SrO]/[Al2O3] = 3); (ii) fully polymerized ([SrO]/[Al2O3] = 1); and (iii) per-aluminous ([SrO]/[Al2O3] < 1). By considering the results from high-temperature 27Al NMR and high-temperature neutron diffraction, we demonstrate that the structure of the polymerized melts is controlled by a close-to-random distribution of Al and Si in the tetrahedral sites, while the depolymerized melts show smaller rings with a possible loss of non-bridging oxygens on AlO4 units during cooling for high-silica compositions. A few five-fold coordinated VAl sites are present in all compositions, except per-aluminous ones where high amounts of high-coordinated aluminium are found in glasses and melts with complex temperature dependence. In high-temperature melts, strontium has a coordination number of 8 or less, i.e. less than in the corresponding glasses. The dynamics of high-temperature melts were studied from 27Al NMR relaxation and compared to macroscopic shear viscosity data. These methods provide correlation times in close agreement. At very high temperatures, the NMR correlation times can be related to the oxygen self-diffusion coefficient, and we show a decrease of the latter with increasing Si/(Al + Si) ratios for polymerized melts with no compositional dependence for depolymerized ones. The dominant parameter controlling the temperature dependence of the aluminum environment of all melts is the distribution of Al-(OSi)p(OAl)(4-p) units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Florian
- CNRS, CEMHTI UPR3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans, France.
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Zheng Q, Mauro JC. Variability in the relaxation behavior of glass: Impact of thermal history fluctuations and fragility. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:074504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4975760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Bauchy M. Structural, vibrational, and elastic properties of a calcium aluminosilicate glass from molecular dynamics simulations: the role of the potential. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:024507. [PMID: 25028027 DOI: 10.1063/1.4886421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We study a calcium aluminosilicate glass of composition (SiO2)0.60(Al2O3)0.10(CaO)0.30 by means of molecular dynamics. To this end, we conduct parallel simulations, following a consistent methodology, but using three different potentials. Structural and elastic properties are analyzed and compared to available experimental data. This allows assessing the respective abilities of the potentials to produce a realistic glass. We report that, although all these potentials offer a reasonable glass structure, featuring tricluster oxygen atoms, their respective vibrational and elastic predictions differ. This allows us to draw some general conclusions about the crucial role, or otherwise, of the interaction potential in silicate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bauchy
- Concrete Sustainability Hub, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Bouhadja M, Jakse N, Pasturel A. Structural and dynamic properties of calcium aluminosilicate melts: a molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2014; 138:224510. [PMID: 23781808 DOI: 10.1063/1.4809523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structural and dynamic properties of calcium aluminosilicate (CaO-Al2O3)1-x(SiO2)x melts with low silica content, namely, along the concentration ratio R = 1 are studied by classical molecular dynamics. An empirical potential has been developed here on the basis of our previous ab initio molecular dynamics. The new potential gives a description of the structural as well as the dynamics with a good accuracy. The self-intermediate scattering function and associated α-relaxation times are analyzed within the mode-coupling theory. Our results indicate a decrease of the fragility whose structural origin is a reduction of the number of fivefold coordinated Al atoms and non-bridging oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bouhadja
- Laboratoire Sciences et Ingénierie, Matériaux et Procédés (SIMAP), UMR CNRS 5266, Grenoble-INP, BP 75, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères Cedex, France
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Gulbiten O, Mauro JC, Lucas P. Relaxation of enthalpy fluctuations during sub-Tg annealing of glassy selenium. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:244504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4811488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Peter Harrowell
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Wondraczek L, Mauro JC, Eckert J, Kühn U, Horbach J, Deubener J, Rouxel T. Towards ultrastrong glasses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:4578-4586. [PMID: 22103001 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The development of new glassy materials is key for addressing major global challenges in energy, medicine, and advanced communications systems. For example, thin, flexible, and large-area glass substrates will play an enabling role in the development of flexible displays, roll-to-roll processing of solar cells, next-generation touch-screen devices, and encapsulation of organic semiconductors. The main drawback of glass and its limitation for these applications is its brittle fracture behavior, especially in the presence of surface flaws, which can significantly reduce the practical strength of a glass product. Hence, the design of new ultrastrong glassy materials and strengthening techniques is of crucial importance. The main issues regarding glass strength are discussed, with an emphasis on the underlying microscopic mechanisms that are responsible for mechanical properties. The relationship among elastic properties and fracture behavior is also addressed, focusing on both oxide and metallic glasses. From a theoretical perspective, atomistic modeling of mechanical properties of glassy materials is considered. The topological origin of these properties is also discussed, including its relation to structural and chemical heterogeneities. Finally, comments are given on several toughening strategies for increasing the damage resistance of glass products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lothar Wondraczek
- Department of Materials Science, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany.
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