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Bartlett S, Gao AK, Yung YL. Computation by Convective Logic Gates and Thermal Communication. ARTIFICIAL LIFE 2022; 28:96-107. [PMID: 35358297 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel computational architecture based on fluid convection logic gates and heat flux-mediated information flows. Our previous work demonstrated that Boolean logic operations can be performed by thermally driven convection flows. In this work, we use numerical simulations to demonstrate a different , but universal Boolean logic operation (NOR), performed by simpler convective gates. The gates in the present work do not rely on obstacle flows or periodic boundary conditions, a significant improvement in terms of experimental realizability. Conductive heat transfer links can be used to connect the convective gates, and we demonstrate this with the example of binary half addition. These simulated circuits could be constructed in an experimental setting with modern, 2-dimensional fluidics equipment, such as a thin layer of fluid between acrylic plates. The presented approach thus introduces a new realm of unconventional, thermal fluid-based computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Bartlett
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences.
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Earth-Life Science Institute
| | - Andrew K Gao
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- Peking University, Yuanpei College
| | - Yuk L Yung
- California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
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Light and chemical oscillations: Review and perspectives. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Müller-Bender D, Otto A, Radons G, Hart JD, Roy R. Laminar chaos in experiments and nonlinear delayed Langevin equations: A time series analysis toolbox for the detection of laminar chaos. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:032213. [PMID: 32289959 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was shown that certain systems with large time-varying delay exhibit different types of chaos, which are related to two types of time-varying delay: conservative and dissipative delays. The known high-dimensional turbulent chaos is characterized by strong fluctuations. In contrast, the recently discovered low-dimensional laminar chaos is characterized by nearly constant laminar phases with periodic durations and a chaotic variation of the intensity from phase to phase. In this paper we extend our results from our preceding publication [Hart, Roy, Müller-Bender, Otto, and Radons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 154101 (2019)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.123.154101], where it is demonstrated that laminar chaos is a robust phenomenon, which can be observed in experimental systems. We provide a time series analysis toolbox for the detection of robust features of laminar chaos. We benchmark our toolbox by experimental time series and time series of a model system which is described by a nonlinear Langevin equation with time-varying delay. The benchmark is done for different noise strengths for both the experimental system and the model system, where laminar chaos can be detected, even if it is hard to distinguish from turbulent chaos by a visual analysis of the trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller-Bender
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Andreas Otto
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Günter Radons
- Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Joseph D Hart
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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Jha AK, Banerjee D, Iyengar ANS, Janaki MS. Detection of self-organized criticality behavior in an electronic circuit designed to solve a third order non-linear ODE (NL-ODE) for a damped KdV equation. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:083116. [PMID: 31472491 DOI: 10.1063/1.5092798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present an electronic implementation of a damped Korteweg-de Vries equation modeled as a third order nonlinear autonomous ordinary differential equation (jerk equation). The circuit has been realized using operational amplifiers, multipliers, and passive electronic components which provides the time series solution of the equation in agreement with the numerical simulation results. Using nonlinear time series analysis on the acquired waveform data, we have obtained different types of phase space portraits and further analysis reflected long range correlation in the chaotic time series. Important findings include hysteresis induced bifurcation and self-organized criticality behavior in the system which is mentioned in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Jha
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Techno India, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - Debasmita Banerjee
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Techno India, Kolkata 700091, India
| | - A N Sekar Iyengar
- Plasma Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - M S Janaki
- Plasma Physics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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Bartlett SJ, Yung YL. Boolean logic by convective obstacle flows. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20190192. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a potential new mode of natural computing in which simple, heat-driven fluid flows perform Boolean logic operations. The system comprises a two-dimensional single-phase fluid that is heated from below and cooled from above, with two obstacles placed on the horizontal mid-plane. The obstacles remove all vertical momentum that flows into them. The horizontal momentum extraction of the obstacles is controlled in a binary fashion, and constitutes the 2-bit input. The output of the system is a thresholded measure of the energy extracted by the obstacles. Due to the existence of multiple attractors in the phase space of this system, the input–output relationships are equivalent to those of the OR, XOR or NAND gates, depending on the threshold and obstacle separation. The ability to reproduce these logical operations suggests that convective flows might have the potential to perform more general computations, despite the fact that they do not involve electronics, chemistry or multiple fluid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Bartlett
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y. L. Yung
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Gentili PL, Giubila MS, Heron BM. Processing Binary and Fuzzy Logic by Chaotic Time Series Generated by a Hydrodynamic Photochemical Oscillator. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:1831-1841. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Maria Sole Giubila
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology; University of Perugia; 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - B. Mark Heron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, School of Applied Science; University of Huddersfield; Queensgate Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
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Hayashi K, Gotoda H, Gentili PL. Probing and exploiting the chaotic dynamics of a hydrodynamic photochemical oscillator to implement all the basic binary logic functions. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:053102. [PMID: 27249942 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The convective motions within a solution of a photochromic spiro-oxazine being irradiated by UV only on the bottom part of its volume, give rise to aperiodic spectrophotometric dynamics. In this paper, we study three nonlinear properties of the aperiodic time series: permutation entropy, short-term predictability and long-term unpredictability, and degree distribution of the visibility graph networks. After ascertaining the extracted chaotic features, we show how the aperiodic time series can be exploited to implement all the fundamental two-inputs binary logic functions (AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR) and some basic arithmetic operations (half-adder, full-adder, half-subtractor). This is possible due to the wide range of states a nonlinear system accesses in the course of its evolution. Therefore, the solution of the convective photochemical oscillator results in hardware for chaos-computing alternative to conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Hayashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu-shi, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Gotoda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Pier Luigi Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Ditto WL, Sinha S. Exploiting chaos for applications. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:097615. [PMID: 26428568 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We discuss how understanding the nature of chaotic dynamics allows us to control these systems. A controlled chaotic system can then serve as a versatile pattern generator that can be used for a range of application. Specifically, we will discuss the application of controlled chaos to the design of novel computational paradigms. Thus, we present an illustrative research arc, starting with ideas of control, based on the general understanding of chaos, moving over to applications that influence the course of building better devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Ditto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Sudeshna Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, PO Manauli 140306, Punjab, India
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Kia B, Dari A, Ditto WL, Spano ML. Unstable periodic orbits and noise in chaos computing. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2011; 21:047520. [PMID: 22225394 DOI: 10.1063/1.3664349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Different methods to utilize the rich library of patterns and behaviors of a chaotic system have been proposed for doing computation or communication. Since a chaotic system is intrinsically unstable and its nearby orbits diverge exponentially from each other, special attention needs to be paid to the robustness against noise of chaos-based approaches to computation. In this paper unstable periodic orbits, which form the skeleton of any chaotic system, are employed to build a model for the chaotic system to measure the sensitivity of each orbit to noise, and to select the orbits whose symbolic representations are relatively robust against the existence of noise. Furthermore, since unstable periodic orbits are extractable from time series, periodic orbit-based models can be extracted from time series too. Chaos computing can be and has been implemented on different platforms, including biological systems. In biology noise is always present; as a result having a clear model for the effects of noise on any given biological implementation has profound importance. Also, since in biology it is hard to obtain exact dynamical equations of the system under study, the time series techniques we introduce here are of critical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Kia
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, USA
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Zanin M, Papo D, Sendiña-Nadal I, Boccaletti S. Computation as an emergent feature of adaptive synchronization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:060102. [PMID: 22304028 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report on the spontaneous emergence of computation from adaptive synchronization of networked dynamical systems. The fundamentals are nonlinear elements, interacting in a directed graph via a coupling that adapts itself to the synchronization level between two input signals. These units can emulate different Boolean logics, and perform any computational task in a Turing sense, each specific operation being associated with a given network's motif. The resilience of the computation against noise is proven, and the general applicability is demonstrated with regard to periodic and chaotic oscillators, and excitable systems mimicking neural dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zanin
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Campus Montegancedo, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Zanin M, Del Pozo F, Boccaletti S. Computation emerges from adaptive synchronization of networking neurons. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26467. [PMID: 22073167 PMCID: PMC3208543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of networking neurons is largely characterized by the alternation of synchronous and asynchronous spiking sequences. One of the most relevant challenges that scientists are facing today is, then, relating that evidence with the fundamental mechanisms through which the brain computes and processes information, as well as with the arousal (or progress) of a number of neurological illnesses. In other words, the problem is how to associate an organized dynamics of interacting neural assemblies to a computational task. Here we show that computation can be seen as a feature emerging from the collective dynamics of an ensemble of networking neurons, which interact by means of adaptive dynamical connections. Namely, by associating logical states to synchronous neuron's dynamics, we show how the usual Boolean logics can be fully recovered, and a universal Turing machine can be constructed. Furthermore, we show that, besides the static binary gates, a wider class of logical operations can be efficiently constructed as the fundamental computational elements interact within an adaptive network, each operation being represented by a specific motif. Our approach qualitatively differs from the past attempts to encode information and compute with complex systems, where computation was instead the consequence of the application of control loops enforcing a desired state into the specific system's dynamics. Being the result of an emergent process, the computation mechanism here described is not limited to a binary Boolean logic, but it can involve a much larger number of states. As such, our results can enlighten new concepts for the understanding of the real computing processes taking place in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Zanin
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
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Kia B, Spano ML, Ditto WL. Chaos computing in terms of periodic orbits. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:036207. [PMID: 22060475 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.036207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The complex dynamics of chaotic systems can perform computations. The parameters and/or the initial conditions of a dynamical system are the data inputs and the resulting system state is the output of the computation. By controlling how inputs are mapped to outputs, a specific function can be performed. Previously no clear connection has been drawn between the structure of the dynamics and the computation. In this paper we demonstrate how chaos computation can be explained, modeled, and even predicted in terms of the dynamics of the underlying chaotic system, specifically the periodic orbit structure of the system. Knowing the dynamical equations of the system, we compute the system's periodic orbits as well as its stability in terms of its eigenvalues, thereby demonstrating how, how well, and what the chaotic system can compute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Kia
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-9709, USA
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Crutchfield JP, Ditto WL, Sinha S. Introduction to focus issue: intrinsic and designed computation: information processing in dynamical systems--beyond the digital hegemony. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2010; 20:037101. [PMID: 20887067 DOI: 10.1063/1.3492712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
How dynamical systems store and process information is a fundamental question that touches a remarkably wide set of contemporary issues: from the breakdown of Moore's scaling laws--that predicted the inexorable improvement in digital circuitry--to basic philosophical problems of pattern in the natural world. It is a question that also returns one to the earliest days of the foundations of dynamical systems theory, probability theory, mathematical logic, communication theory, and theoretical computer science. We introduce the broad and rather eclectic set of articles in this Focus Issue that highlights a range of current challenges in computing and dynamical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Crutchfield
- Department of Physics and Complexity Sciences Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, USA.
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