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Roy R, Holec D, Michal L, Hemzal D, Sarkar S, Sandeep Kumar G, Nečas D, Dhankhar M, Kaushik P, Jénnifer Gómez I, Zajíčková L. Possible charge ordering and anomalous transport in graphene/graphene quantum dot heterostructure. J Phys Condens Matter 2024; 36:265601. [PMID: 38457842 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad31bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Observations of superconductivity and charge density waves (CDW) in graphene have been elusive thus far due to weak electron-phonon coupling (EPC) interactions. Here, we report a unique observation of anomalous transport and multiple charge ordering phases at high temperatures (T1∼213K,T2∼325K) in a 0D-2D van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure comprising of single layer graphene (SLG) and functionalized (amine) graphene quantum dots (GQD). The presence of functionalized GQD contributed to charge transfer with shifting of the Dirac point ∼ 0.05 eV above the Fermi level (ab initio simulations) and carrier densityn∼-0.3×1012 cm-2confirming p-doping in SLG and two-fold increase in EPC interaction was achieved. Moreover, we elucidate the interplay between electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions to substantiate high temperature EPC driven charge ordering in the heterostructure through analyses of magnetotransport and weak anti-localization (WAL) framework. Our results provide impetus to investigate strongly correlated phenomena such as CDW and superconducting phase transitions in novel graphene based heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Roy
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Holec
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Lukáš Michal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dušan Hemzal
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Saikat Sarkar
- Thin Film and Nanoscience Lab, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Gundam Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - David Nečas
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Meena Dhankhar
- National Centre for Nano Fabrication and Characterization, Oersteds Plads-Building 347, Kongens Lyngby 2800 DK, Denmark
| | - Preeti Kaushik
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - I Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Rúa as Carballeiras, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Lenka Zajíčková
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Kodalle T, Byranvand MM, Goudreau M, Das C, Roy R, Kot M, Briesenick S, Zohdi M, Rai M, Tamura N, Flege JI, Hempel W, Sutter-Fella CM, Saliba M. An Integrated Deposition and Passivation Strategy for Controlled Crystallization of 2D/3D Halide Perovskite Films. Adv Mater 2024:e2309154. [PMID: 38415385 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
This work introduces a simplified deposition procedure for multidimensional (2D/3D) perovskite thin films, integrating a phenethylammonium chloride (PEACl)-treatment into the antisolvent step when forming the 3D perovskite. This simultaneous deposition and passivation strategy reduces the number of synthesis steps while simultaneously stabilizing the halide perovskite film and improving the photovoltaic performance of resulting solar cell devices to 20.8%. Using a combination of multimodal in situ and additional ex situ characterizations, it is demonstrated that the introduction of PEACl during the perovskite film formation slows down the crystal growth process, which leads to a larger average grain size and narrower grain size distribution, thus reducing carrier recombination at grain boundaries and improving the device's performance and stability. The data suggests that during annealing of the wet film, the PEACl diffuses to the surface of the film, forming hydrophobic (quasi-)2D structures that protect the bulk of the perovskite film from humidity-induced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Kodalle
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Mahdi Malekshahi Byranvand
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Meredith Goudreau
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Chittaranjan Das
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Kot
- Chair of Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Simon Briesenick
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 Rue University, Montrèal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - Mohammadreza Zohdi
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Monika Rai
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jan Ingo Flege
- Chair of Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Wolfram Hempel
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW), 70563, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin M Sutter-Fella
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group FRONTRUNNER IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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Poddar S, Roy R, Kar P. The conformational dynamics of Hepatitis C Virus E2 glycoprotein with the increasing number of N-glycosylation unraveled by molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38393644 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2319679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), responsible for causing hepatitis and a significant contributor to liver disorders, presents a challenge for treatment due to its high genetic variability. Despite efforts, there is still no effective medication available for this virus. One of the promising targets for drug development involves targeting glycoprotein E2. However, our understanding of the dynamic behavior of E2 and its associated glycans remains limited. In this study, we investigated the dynamic characteristics of E2 with varying degrees of glycosylation using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We also explored glycan's interactions with the protein and among themselves. An overall increase in correlation between the vital protein regions was observed with an increase in glycan number. The protein dynamics is followed by the analysis of glycan dynamics, where the flexibility of the individual glycans was analyzed in their free and bound state, which revealed a decrease in their fluctuation in some cases. Furthermore, we generated the free energy landscape of individual N-glycan linkages in both free and bound states and observed both increases and decreases in flexibility, which can be attributed to the formation and breakage of hydrogen bonds with amino acids. Finally, we found that for a high glycosylation system, glycans interact with glycoprotein and form hydrogen bonds among themselves. Moreover, the hydrogen bond profiles of a given glycan can vary when influenced by other glycans. In summary, our study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the core region of HCV E2 glycoprotein and its associated glycans.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Poddar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Singh S, Ghosh P, Roy R, Behera A, Sahadevan R, Kar P, Sadhukhan S, Sonawane A. 4″-Alkyl EGCG Derivatives Induce Cytoprotective Autophagy Response by Inhibiting EGFR in Glioblastoma Cells. ACS Omega 2024; 9:2286-2301. [PMID: 38250397 PMCID: PMC10795032 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapy has been proven vital in the last two decades for the treatment of multiple cancer types, including nonsmall cell lung cancer, glioblastoma, breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Unfortunately, the majority of approved EGFR inhibitors fall into the drug resistance category because of continuous mutations and acquired resistance. Recently, autophagy has surfaced as one of the emerging underlying mechanisms behind resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Previously, we developed a series of 4″-alkyl EGCG (4″-Cn EGCG, n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, and 18) derivatives with enhanced anticancer effects and stability. Therefore, the current study hypothesized that 4″-alkyl EGCG might induce cytoprotective autophagy upon EGFR inhibition, and inhibition of autophagy may lead to improved cytotoxicity. In this study, we have observed growth inhibition and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in 4″-alkyl EGCG derivative-treated glioblastoma cells (U87-MG). We also confirmed that 4″-alkyl EGCG could inhibit EGFR in the cells, as well as mutant L858R/T790M EGFR, through an in vitro kinase assay. Furthermore, we have found that EGFR inhibition with 4″-alkyl EGCG induces cytoprotective autophagic responses, accompanied by the blockage of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, cytotoxicity caused by 4″-C10 EGCG, 4″-C12 EGCG, and 4″-C14 EGCG was significantly increased after the inhibition of autophagy by the pharmacological inhibitor chloroquine. These findings enhance our understanding of the autophagic response toward EGFR inhibitors in glioblastoma cells and suggest a potent combinatorial strategy to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Singh
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
| | - Priya Ghosh
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
| | - Ananyaashree Behera
- School
of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751 024, India
| | - Revathy Sahadevan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Palakkad, Palakkad, Kerala 678 623, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453 552, India
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Jiao L, Bujnowski D, Liu P, Bakota E, Liu L, Ye Y, Dewangan A, Duong CN, Kviten E, Zaheer S, Zangeneh A, Roy R, Floyd J, Monroy J, Wiltz-Beckham D. Asthma and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in a community setting. Public Health 2024; 226:84-90. [PMID: 38016200 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between asthma and COVID-19 mortality remains inconclusive. We examined the association between asthma and clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN A case-control study based on a surveillance cohort in Harris County, Texas. METHODS Using the data of 21,765 patients who reported having at least one chronic health condition, we investigated the association between asthma and COVID-19 severity, characterized primarily by hospitalization and death. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the multivariable odds ratio (mOR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) of COVID-19 severity associated with asthma and other chronic lung diseases, adjusting for demographic and other comorbidities. A P-value < 0.005 was considered statistically significant after correcting multiple testing. RESULTS In total, 3034 patients (13.9 %) had asthma, and 774 (3.56 %) had other chronic lung diseases. The case death rate among patients with asthma and other chronic lung diseases was 0.75 % and 19.0 %, respectively. Compared to patients without the respective conditions, patients with asthma had lower odds of death (mOR = 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.27-0.69), while patients with other chronic lung diseases had higher odds of hospitalization (mOR = 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.68-2.42) and death (mOR = 1.95, 95 % CI: 1.52-2.49) (P-values < 0.005). Risk factors for COVID-19 mortality included older age, male gender, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, active cancer, and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS The public health surveillance data suggested that preexisting asthma was inversely associated with COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiao
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA.
| | - D Bujnowski
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - P Liu
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - E Bakota
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - L Liu
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - Y Ye
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - A Dewangan
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - C N Duong
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - E Kviten
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - S Zaheer
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - A Zangeneh
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - R Roy
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - J Floyd
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - J Monroy
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
| | - D Wiltz-Beckham
- Harris County Public Health, 1111 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77002, USA
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Das C, Roy R, Kedia M, Kot M, Zuo W, Félix R, Sobol T, Flege JI, Saliba M. Unraveling the Role of Perovskite in Buried Interface Passivation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:56500-56510. [PMID: 37991727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces in perovskite solar cells play a crucial role in their overall performance, and therefore, detailed fundamental studies are needed for a better understanding. In the case of the classical n-i-p architecture, TiO2 is one of the most used electron-selective layers and can induce chemical reactions that influence the performance of the overall device stack. The interfacial properties at the TiO2/perovskite interface are often neglected, owing to the difficulty in accessing this interface. Here, we use X-rays of variable energies to study the interface of (compact and mesoporous) TiO2/perovskite in such a n-i-p architecture. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy methods show that the defect states present in the TiO2 layer are passivated by a chemical interaction of the perovskite precursor solution during the formation of the perovskite layer and form an organic layer at the interface. Such passivation of intrinsic defects in TiO2 removes charge recombination centers and shifts the bands upward. Therefore, interface defect passivation by oxidation of Ti3+ states, the organic cation layer, and an upward band bending at the TiO2/perovskite interface explain the origin of an improved electron extraction and hole-blocking nature of TiO2 in the n-i-p perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chittaranjan Das
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mayank Kedia
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Małgorzata Kot
- Chair of Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Weiwei Zuo
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roberto Félix
- Department Interface Design, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Sobol
- SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Ingo Flege
- Chair of Applied Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Straße 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Michael Saliba
- Institute for Photovoltaics (ipv), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz Young Investigator Group, IEK5-Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Jaiswal A, Roy R, Tamrakar A, Singh AK, Kar P, Kodgire P. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase an antibody diversification enzyme interacts with chromatin modifier UBN1 in B-cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19615. [PMID: 37949972 PMCID: PMC10638239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is the key mediator of antibody diversification in activated B-cells by the process of somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR). Targeting AID to the Ig genes requires transcription (initiation and elongation), enhancers, and its interaction with numerous factors. Furthermore, the HIRA chaperon complex, a regulator of chromatin architecture, is indispensable for SHM. The HIRA chaperon complex consists of UBN1, ASF1a, HIRA, and CABIN1 that deposit H3.3 onto the DNA, the SHM hallmark. We explored whether UBN1 interacts with AID using computational and in-vitro experiments. Interestingly, our in-silico studies, such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation results, predict that AID interacts with UBN1. Subsequently, co-immunoprecipitation and pull-down experiments established interactions between UBN1 and AID inside B-cells. Additionally, a double immunofluorescence assay confirmed that AID and UBN1 were co-localized in the human and chicken B-cell lines. Moreover, proximity ligation assay studies validated that AID interacts with UBN1. Ours is the first report on the interaction of genome mutator enzyme AID with UBN1. Nevertheless, the fate of interaction between UBN1 and AID is yet to be explored in the context of SHM or CSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jaiswal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453 552, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453 552, India
| | - Anubhav Tamrakar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453 552, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453 552, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453 552, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453 552, India.
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Kashyap D, Koirala S, Roy R, Saini V, Varshney N, Bagde PH, Samanta S, Kar P, Jha HC. Computational insights into VacA toxin inhibition: harnessing FDA-approved antibiotics against Helicobacter pylori. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37937550 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2278080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a condition in which a few of the body's cells grow beyond its control and spread to other outward regions. Globally, gastric cancer (GC) is third most common cause of cancer-related mortality and the fourth most common kind of cancer. Persistent infection of VacA-positive Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) modulates cellular physiology and leads to GC. About ∼70% of H. pylori are positive for vacuolating cytotoxin-A (VacA), and it infects ∼80-90% of world populations. Herein, for first time, we repurposed FDA-approved gram-negative antibiotics, which are feasible alternatives to existing regimens and may be used in combinatorial treatment against VacA-positive H. pylori. Out of 110 FDA-approved antibiotics, we retrieved 92 structures, which were screened against the VacA protein. Moreover, we determined that the top eight hit antibiotics viz; cefpiramide, cefiderocol, eravacycline, doxycycline, ceftriaxone, enoxacin, tedizolid, and cefamandole show binding free energies of -9.1, -8.9, -8.1, -8.0, -7.9, -7.8, -7.8 and -7.8 Kcal/mol, respectively, with VacA protein. Finally, we performed 100 ns duplicate MD simulations on the top eight selected antibiotics showing strong VacA binding. Subsequently, five antibiotics, including cefiderocol, cefpiramide, doxycycline, enoxacin, and tedizolid show stable ligand protein distance and good binding affinity revealed by the MM-PBSA scheme. Among the five antibiotics cefiderocol act as the most potent inhibitor (-28.33 kcal/mol). Furthermore, we also identified the hotspot residue like Asn-506, Tyr-529, and Phe-483 which control the interaction. Concisely, we identified antibiotics that can be repurposed against VacA of H. pylori and explored their molecular mechanism of interaction with VacA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vaishali Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pranit Hemant Bagde
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sunanda Samanta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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9
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Reynolds JV, Preston SR, O'Neill B, Lowery MA, Baeksgaard L, Crosby T, Cunningham M, Cuffe S, Griffiths GO, Parker I, Risumlund SL, Roy R, Falk S, Hanna GB, Bartlett FR, Alvarez-Iglesias A, Achiam MP, Nilsson M, Piessen G, Ravi N, O'Toole D, Johnston C, McDermott RS, Turkington RC, Wahed S, Sothi S, Ford H, Wadley MS, Power D. Trimodality therapy versus perioperative chemotherapy in the management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction (Neo-AEGIS): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:1015-1027. [PMID: 37734399 PMCID: PMC10567579 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimum curative approach to adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction is unknown. We aimed to compare trimodality therapy (preoperative radiotherapy with carboplatin plus paclitaxel [CROSS regimen]) with optimum contemporaneous perioperative chemotherapy regimens (epirubicin plus cisplatin or oxaliplatin plus fluorouracil or capecitabine [a modified MAGIC regimen] before 2018 and fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel [FLOT] subsequently). METHODS Neo-AEGIS (CTRIAL-IE 10-14) was an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial done at 24 centres in Europe. Patients aged 18 years or older with clinical tumour stage T2-3, nodal stage N0-3, and M0 adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction were randomly assigned to perioperative chemotherapy (three preoperative and three postoperative 3-week cycles of intravenous 50 mg/m2 epirubicin on day 1 plus intravenous 60 mg/m2 cisplatin or intravenous 130 mg/m2 oxaliplatin on day 1 plus continuous infusion of 200 mg/m2 fluorouracil daily or oral 625 mg/m2 capecitabine twice daily up to 2018, with four preoperative and four postoperative 2-week cycles of 2600 mg/m2 fluorouracil, 85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin, 200 mg/m2 leucovorin, and 50 mg/m2 docetaxel intravenously on day 1 as an option from 2018) or trimodality therapy (41·4 Gy in 23 fractions on days 1-5, 8-12, 15-19, 22-26, and 29-31 with intravenous area under the curve 2 mg/mL per min carboplatin plus intravenous 50 mg/m2 paclitaxel on days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29). The primary endpoint was overall survival, assessed in all randomly assigned patients who received at least one dose of study drug, regardless of which study drug they received, by intention to treat. Secondary endpoints were disease-free survival, site of treatment failure, operative complications, toxicity, pathological response (complete [ypT0N0] and major [tumour regression grade 1 and 2]), margin-free resection (R0), and health-related quality of life. Toxicity and safety data were analysed in the safety population, defined as patients who took at least one dose of study drug, according to treatment actually received. The initial power calculation was based on superiority of trimodality therapy (n=366 patients); it was adjusted after FLOT became an option to a non-inferiority design with a margin of 5% for perioperative chemotherapy (n=540). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01726452. FINDINGS Between Jan 24, 2013, and Dec 23, 2020, 377 patients were randomly assigned, of whom 362 were included in the intention-to treat population (327 [90%] male and 360 [99%] White): 184 in the perioperative chemotherapy group and 178 in the trimodality therapy group. The trial closed prematurely in December, 2020, after the second interim futility analysis (143 deaths), on the basis of similar survival metrics and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. At a median follow-up of 38·8 months (IQR 16·3-55·1), median overall survival was 48·0 months (95% CI 33·6-64·8) in the perioperative chemotherapy group and 49·2 months (34·8-74·4) in the trimodality therapy group (3-year overall survival 55% [95% CI 47-62] vs 57% [49-64]; hazard ratio 1·03 [95% CI 0·77-1·38]; log-rank p=0·82). Median disease-free survival was 32·4 months (95% CI 22·8-64·8) in the perioperative chemotherapy group and 24·0 months (18·0-40·8) in the trimodality therapy group [hazard ratio 0·89 [95% CI 0·68-1·17]; log-rank p=0·41). The pattern of recurrence, locoregional or systemic, was not significantly different (odds ratio 1·35 [95% CI 0·63-2·91], p=0·44). Pathological complete response (odds ratio 0·33 [95% CI 0·14-0·81], p=0·012), major pathological response (0·21 [0·12-0·38], p<0·0001), and R0 rates (0·21 [0·08-0·53], p=0·0003) favoured trimodality therapy. The most common grade 3-4 adverse event was neutropenia (49 [27%] of 183 patients in the perioperative chemotherapy group vs 11 [6%] of 178 patients in the trimodality therapy group), followed by diarrhoea (20 [11%] vs none), and pulmonary embolism (ten [5%] vs nine [5%]). One (1%) patient in the perioperative chemotherapy group and three (2%) patients in the trimodality therapy group died from serious adverse events, two (one in each group) of which were possibly related to treatment. No differences were seen in operative mortality (five [3%] deaths in the perioperative chemotherapy group vs four [2%] in the trimodality therapy group), major morbidity, or in global health status at 1 and 3 years. INTERPRETATION Although underpowered and incomplete, Neo-AEGIS provides the largest comprehensive randomised dataset for patients with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and oesophagogastric junction treated with perioperative chemotherapy (predominantly the modified MAGIC regimen), and CROSS trimodality therapy, and reports similar 3-year survival and no major differences in operative and health-related quality of life outcomes. We suggest that these data support continued clinical equipoise. FUNDING Health Research Board, Cancer Research UK, Irish Cancer Society, Oesophageal Cancer Fund, and French National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Reynolds
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shaun R Preston
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK
| | - Brian O'Neill
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gareth O Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Rajarshi Roy
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Stephen Falk
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Magnus Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard C Turkington
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland Cancer Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Shajahan Wahed
- Northern Oesophago-Gastric Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sharmila Sothi
- University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Walsgrave, Coventry, UK
| | - Hugo Ford
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin S Wadley
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Worcestershire Oncology Centre, Worcestershire Royal Hospital, Worcester, UK
| | - Derek Power
- Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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Poddar S, Roy R, Kar P. Elucidating the conformational dynamics of histo-blood group antigens and their interactions with the rotavirus spike protein through computational lens. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37909470 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the conformational dynamics of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) and their interactions with the VP8* domain of four rotavirus genotypes (P[4], P[6], P[19], and P[11]) utilizing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations in explicit water. Our study revealed distinct changes in the dynamic behavior of the same glycan due to linkage variations. We observed that LNFPI HBGA having a terminal β linkage shows two dominant conformations after complexation, whereas only one was obtained for LNFPI with a terminal α linkage. Interestingly, both variants displayed a single dominant structure in the free state. Similarly, LNT and LNnT show a shift in their dihedral linkage profile between their two terminal monosaccharides because of a change in the linkage from β(1-3) to β(1-4). The molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations yielded the highest binding affinity for LNFPI(β)/P[6] (-13.93 kcal/mol) due to the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds between VP8* and HBGAs. LNnT binds more strongly to P[11] (-12.88 kcal/mol) than LNT (-4.41 kcal/mol), suggesting a single change in the glycan linkage might impact its binding profile significantly. We have also identified critical amino acids and monosaccharides (Gal and GlcNAc) that contributed significantly to the protein-ligand binding through the per-residue decomposition of binding free energy. Moreover, we found that the interaction between the same glycan and different protein receptors within the same rotavirus genogroup influenced the micro-level dynamics of the glycan. Overall, our study helps a deeper understanding of the H-type HBGA and rotavirus spike protein interaction.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Poddar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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11
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Koirala S, Roy R, Samanta S, Mahapatra S, Kar P. Plant derived active compounds of ayurvedic neurological formulation, Saraswatharishta as a potential dual leucine zipper kinase inhibitor: an in-silico study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37771163 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2260892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings have highlighted the essential role of dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) in neuronal degeneration. Saraswatharishta (SWRT), an ayurvedic formulation utilized in traditional Indian medicine, has demonstrated effectiveness in addressing neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we aim to delve into the atomistic details of the mode of action of phytochemicals present in SWRT against DLK. Our screening process encompassed over 500 distinct phytochemicals derived from the main ingredients of the SWRT formulation. Through a comparative analysis of docking scores and relative poses, we successfully identified four novel compounds, which underwent further investigation via 2 × 500 ns long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Among the top four compounds, CID16066851 sourced from the Acorus calamus displayed the most stable complex with DLK. The molecular mechanics Poisson - Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations highlighted the significance of electrostatic and van der Waals interactions in the binding recognition process. Additionally, we identified key residues, namely Phe192, Leu243, Val139, and Leu141, as hotspots that predominantly govern the DLK-inhibitor interaction. Notably, the leading compounds are sourced from the Acorus calamus, Syzygium aromaticum, Zingiber officinale, and Anethum sowa plants present in the SWRT formulation. Overall, the findings of our study hold promise for future drug development endeavors combating neurodegenerative conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sunanda Samanta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | - Subhasmita Mahapatra
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, MP, India
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Kashyap D, Roy R, Varshney N, Baral B, Bagde PH, Kandpal M, Kumar S, Kar P, Jha HC. Withania somnifera extract reduces gastric cancerous properties through inhibition of gankyrin in cellular milieu produced by Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37655681 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are group1 carcinogens and their role in Gastric cancer (GC) is well established. Previously we have shown that H. pylori and EBV appears to support aggressive gastric oncogenesis through the upregulation of oncoprotein Gankyrin. Natural plant active molecules have the potential to interrupt oncogenesis. Herein, we investigated the potential of Withania somnifera root extract (WSE) as a possible chemotherapeutic agent against host oncoprotein Gankyrin whose expression was altered by H. pylori and EBV-associated modified cellular milieu. The results show that WSE does not have any inhibitory effect on H. pylori and EBV-associated gene transcripts except for the lmps (lmp1, lmp2a, and lmp2B). Moreover, the WSE exert their anticancer activity via host cellular response and decreased the expression of cell-migratory (mmp3 and mmp7); cell-cycle regulator (pcna); antiapoptotic gene (bcl2); increased the expression of the proapoptotic gene (apaf1 and bax); and tumor suppressor (p53, prb, and pten). Knockdown of Gankyrin followed by the treatment of WSE also decreases the expression of TNF-ɑ, Akt, and elevated the expression of NFkB, PARP, Casp3, and Casp9. WSE also reduces cell migration, and genomic instability and forced the cells to commit programmed cell death. Moreover, molecular simulation studies revealed that out of eight active compounds of WSE, only four compounds such as withaferin A (WFA), withanoside IV (WA4), withanolide B (WNB), and withanolide D (WND) showed direct stable interaction with Gankyrin. This article reports for the first time that treatment of WSE decreased the cancerous properties through host cellular response modulation in gastric epithelial cells coinfected with H. pylori and EBV.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Nidhi Varshney
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Budhadev Baral
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Pranit Hemant Bagde
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Meenakshi Kandpal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Roy R, Sk MF, Tanwar O, Kar P. Computational studies indicated the effectiveness of human metabolites against SARS-Cov-2 main protease. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1587-1602. [PMID: 35978064 PMCID: PMC9385416 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To fight against the devastating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), identifying robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics from all possible directions is necessary. To contribute to this effort, we selected a human metabolites database containing waters and lipid-soluble metabolites to screen against the 3-chymotrypsin-like proteases (3CLpro) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The top 8 hits from virtual screening displayed a docking score varying between ~ - 11 and ~ - 14 kcal/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations complement the virtual screening study in conjunction with the molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) scheme. Our analyses revealed that (HMDB0132640) has the best glide docking score, - 14.06 kcal/mol, and MM-GBSA binding free energy, - 18.08 kcal/mol. The other three lead molecules are also selected along with the top molecule through a critical inspection of their pharmacokinetic properties. HMDB0132640 displayed a better binding affinity than the other three compounds (HMDB0127868, HMDB0134119, and HMDB0125821) due to increased favorable contributions from the intermolecular electrostatic and van der Waals interactions. Further, we have investigated the ligand-induced structural dynamics of the main protease. Overall, we have identified new compounds that can serve as potential leads for developing novel antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and elucidated molecular mechanisms of their binding to the main protease. Identification of probable hits from human metabolites against SARS-CoV-2 using integrated computational approaches-Missed against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India
| | - Omprakash Tanwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Shri G. S. Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452003, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Mukherjee S, Hurt CN, Adams R, Bateman A, Bradley KM, Bridges S, Falk S, Griffiths G, Gwynne S, Jones CM, Markham PJ, Maughan T, Nixon LS, Radhakrishna G, Roy R, Schoenbuchner S, Sheikh H, Spezi E, Hawkins M, Crosby TD. Efficacy of early PET-CT directed switch to carboplatin and paclitaxel based definitive chemoradiotherapy in patients with oesophageal cancer who have a poor early response to induction cisplatin and capecitabine in the UK: a multi-centre randomised controlled phase II trial. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102059. [PMID: 37409323 PMCID: PMC10318451 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The utility of early metabolic response assessment to guide selection of the systemic component of definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for oesophageal cancer is uncertain. Methods In this multi-centre, randomised, open-label, phase II substudy of the radiotherapy dose-escalation SCOPE2 trial we evaluated the role of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) at day 14 of cycle 1 of three-weekly induction cis/cap (cisplatin (60 mg/m2)/capecitabine (625 mg/m2 days 1-21)) in patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or adenocarcinoma (OAC). Non-responders, who had a less than 35% reduction in maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) from pre-treatment baseline, were randomly assigned to continue cis/cap or switch to car/pac (carboplatin AUC 5/paclitaxel 175 mg/m2) for a further induction cycle, then concurrently with radiotherapy over 25 fractions. Responders continued cis/cap for the duration of treatment. All patients (including responders) were randomised to standard (50Gy) or high (60Gy) dose radiation as part of the main study. Primary endpoint for the substudy was treatment failure-free survival (TFFS) at week 24. The trial was registered with International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number 97125464 and ClinicalTrials.govNCT02741856. Findings This substudy was closed on 1st August 2021 by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee on the grounds of futility and possible harm. To this point from 22nd November 2016, 103 patients from 16 UK centres had participated in the PET-CT substudy; 63 (61.2%; 52/83 OSCC, 11/20 OAC) of whom were non-responders. Of these, 31 were randomised to car/pac and 32 to remain on cis/cap. All patients were followed up until at least 24 weeks, at which point in OSCC both TFFS (25/27 (92.6%) vs 17/25 (68%); p = 0.028) and overall survival (42.5 vs. 20.4 months, adjusted HR 0.36; p = 0.018) favoured cis/cap over car/pac. There was a trend towards worse survival in OSCC + OAC cis/cap responders (33.6 months; 95%CI 23.1-nr) vs. non-responders (42.5 (95%CI 27.0-nr) months; HR = 1.43; 95%CI 0.67-3.08; p = 0.35). Interpretation In OSCC, early metabolic response assessment is not prognostic for TFFS or overall survival and should not be used to personalise systemic therapy in patients receiving dCRT. Funding Cancer Research UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mukherjee
- Oxford Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher N. Hurt
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard Adams
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew Bateman
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Kevin M. Bradley
- Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Centre (PETIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Bridges
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen Falk
- University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sarah Gwynne
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - Tim Maughan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ganesh Radhakrishna
- The Christie Hospital, The Christie Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Queen's Centre for Oncology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Hamid Sheikh
- The Christie Hospital, The Christie Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Maria Hawkins
- Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Hingorani M, Goody R, Bozas G, Zahid K, Mitton DJ, Jain P, Wong V, Roy R. Neoadjuvant Management of Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophagogastric Junction: Review of Randomized Evidence and Definition of Optimum Treatment Algorithm. Oncology 2023; 101:553-564. [PMID: 37015204 DOI: 10.1159/000527716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) or chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) are accepted standards of care for the management of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction. SUMMARY The MRC-OEO2 study established the role of 2 cycles of neoadjuvant cisplatin/fluoropyrimidine. More recently, the FLOT-AIO4 study demonstrated the superiority of perioperative FLOT chemotherapy (5FU, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) compared to ECX (epirubicin, cisplatin, and capecitabine) regime. The results from the pivotal CROSS study established neoadjuvant CRT as a new standard of care in OG cancer. The survival benefits observed in FLOT and CROSS studies are similar [FLOT - hazard ratio 0.75 (0.62-0.92); CROSS - 0.741 (0.55-0.98)]. KEY MESSAGES Both nCT and nCRT have been shown to be associated with survival benefit compared to surgery alone. We have performed a comprehensive review of the available evidence to define the optimum treatment algorithm and identify specific patient sub-groups who may be appropriate for the use of one or more of these neoadjuvant options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Hingorani
- Queen Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Goody
- Bexley Institute of Oncology, St James University Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Georgios Bozas
- Queen Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Khwaja Zahid
- Queen Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | | | - Prashant Jain
- Queen Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Vincent Wong
- Queen Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Queen Centre of Oncology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
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Reynolds JV, Preston SR, O'Neill B, Lowery MA, Baeksgaard L, Crosby T, Cunningham M, Cuffe S, Griffiths GO, Roy R, Falk S, Hanna G, Bartlett FR, Parker I, Alvarez-Iglesias A, Nilsson M, Piessen G, Risum S, Ravi N, McDermott RS. Neo-AEGIS (Neoadjuvant Trial in Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophago-Gastric Junction International Study): Final primary outcome analysis. J Clin Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2023.41.4_suppl.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
295 Background: The optimum combination curative approach to locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophago-gastric junction (AEG) remains controversial, specifically whether multimodal therapy or perioperative chemotherapy is superior. Neo-AEGIS was designed as the first randomized clinical trial (RCT) to directly compare the multimodal CROSS regimen (carboplatin/paclitaxel, 41.4Gy radiation therapy) with a modified MAGIC (epirubicin, cisplatin (oxaliplatin), 5-FU (capecitabine)) regimen (pre-2018) and more latterly the FLOT (docetaxel, 5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin) regimen. Methods: 377 patients with cT2-3N0-3M0 AEG were randomly assigned to CROSS or peri-operative chemotherapy (ECF/ECX/EOF/EOX pre-2018, FLOT option 2019/20) at 24 sites (Ireland, UK, Denmark, France, Sweden). The primary outcome was overall survival. The initial power calculation was based on CROSS superiority of 10%. This was modified after the first futility analysis (70 events) to a non-inferiority margin of 5% for peri-operative chemotherapy. Secondary end points included toxicity, pathologic measures of response, and postoperative complications as per the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) definitions and Clavien-Dindo severity grade. Results: Of 362 evaluable patients, 178 CROSS, 184 MAGIC/FLOT (157/27), 90% were male, median (range) age 64 (35-83), 84% were cT3, and 58% cN1. At a median (range) follow up of 34.2 (0.43-111.8) months, there were 186 deaths, 91 CROSS and 95 MAGIC/FLOT arm, with 3-year estimated survival probability of 57% (95% CI 49,64) and 55% (95% CI 47,62), respectively [(HR 1.03 (95%CI. 0.77-1.38))]. Conclusions: This RCT reveals no evidence that peri-operative chemotherapy is unacceptably inferior to multimodal therapy in the primary outcome of overall survival, notwithstanding greater proxy markers of local tumor response in the CROSS arm. Oncologic and operative outcomes were consistent with optimum modern benchmarks. These data strongly suggest non-inferiority and support equipoise in clinical decision making in modern practice. Clinical trial information: NCT01726452 . [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun R. Preston
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Neill
- St Luke's Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Thomas Crosby
- Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gareth Owen Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Falk
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Hanna
- St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Magnus Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dowling E, Morris M, Baumgartner G, Roy R, Murphy TE. Non-local polarization alignment and control in fibers using feedback from correlated measurements of entangled photons. Opt Express 2023; 31:2316-2329. [PMID: 36785248 DOI: 10.1364/oe.475465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Quantum measurements that use the entangled photons' polarization to encode quantum information require calibration and alignment of the measurement bases between spatially separate observers. Because of the changing birefringence in optical fibers arising from temperature fluctuations or external mechanical vibrations, the polarization state at the end of a fiber channel is unpredictable and time-varying. Polarization tracking and stabilization methods originally developed for classical optical communications cannot be applied to polarization-entangled photons, where the separately detected photons are statistically unpolarized, yet quantum mechanically correlated. We report here a fast method for automatic alignment and dynamic tracking of the polarization measurement bases between spatially separated detectors. The system uses the Nelder-Mead simplex method to minimize the observed coincidence rate between non-locally measured entangled photon pairs, without relying on classical wavelength-multiplexed pilot tones or temporally interleaved polarized photons. Alignment and control is demonstrated in a 7.1 km deployed fiber loop as well as in a controlled drifting scenario.
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18
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Michal L, Roy R, Holec D, Gómez IJ, Pizúrová N, Nečas D, Dolečková A, Medalová J, Lepcio P, Zajíčková L. Long-Range Magnetic Order in Nickel Hydroxide-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11536-11542. [PMID: 36475701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the prospect of chemically synthesizing transition metal (Ni) doped magnetic graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with the sole aim of shedding light on their magnetic properties. Our results show that adsorption of nickel hydroxide on predominantly paramagnetic GQDs reveals antiferromagnetic ordering in the M-T profile around 10 K with change of the spin exchange coupling deviating from J = 1/2 to J = 1, mainly arising from the d-p mixing hybridization between the p orbital of carbon from the GQD and the d orbital of Ni. Furthermore, our results are well complemented by ab initio simulations showing asymmetry of the up and down spins around the Fermi level for nickel hydroxide-doped GQDs with long-range spin polarization. Furthermore, the magnitude of the net magnetic moment generated for doped GQDs on the carbon atoms is found to be site-dependent (surface or edge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Michal
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Holec
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, A-8700Leoben, Austria
| | - I Jénnifer Gómez
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Naděžda Pizúrová
- Institute of Physics of Materials, Czech Academy of Sciences, Žižkova 22, 61662Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Nečas
- Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Dolečková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Medalová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lepcio
- Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Zajíčková
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology - CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200Brno, Czech Republic
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Roy R, Poddar S, Kar P. Comparison of the conformational dynamics of an N-glycan in implicit and explicit solvents. Carbohydr Res 2022; 522:108700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Jones CM, O'Connor H, O'Donovan M, Hayward D, Blasko A, Harman R, Malhotra S, Debiram-Beecham I, Alias B, Bailey A, Bateman A, Crosby TD, Falk S, Gollins S, Hawkins MA, Kadri S, Levy S, Radhakrishna G, Roy R, Sripadam R, Fitzgerald RC, Mukherjee S. Use of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (Cytosponge™) for post chemoradiotherapy surveillance in patients with oesophageal cancer in the UK (CYTOFLOC): A multicentre feasibility study. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101664. [PMID: 36187722 PMCID: PMC9519482 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective surveillance strategies are required for patients diagnosed with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) or adenocarcinoma (OAC) for whom chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is used as a potentially-curative, organ-sparing, alternative to surgery. In this study, we evaluated the safety, acceptability and tolerability of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (the Cytosponge™) to assess treatment response following CRT. Methods This multicentre, single-arm feasibility trial took place in 10 tertiary cancer centres in the UK. Patients aged at least 16 years diagnosed with OSCC or OAC, and who were within 4-16 weeks of completing definitive or neo-adjuvant CRT, were included. Participants were required to have a Mellow-Pinkas dysphagia score of 0-2 and be able to swallow tablets. All patients underwent a single Cytosponge™ assessment in addition to standard of care (which included post-treatment endoscopic evaluation with biopsy for patients undergoing definitive CRT; surgery for those who received neo-adjuvant CRT). The primary outcome was the proportion of consented, evaluable patients who successfully underwent Cytosponge™ assessment. Secondary and tertiary outcomes included safety, study consent rate, acceptance rate, the suitability of obtained samples for biomarker analysis, and the comparative efficacy of Cytosponge™ to standard histology (endoscopy and biopsy or post-resection specimen) in assessing for residual disease. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03529669. Findings Between 18th April 2018 and 16th January 2020, 41 (42.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 32.7-53.2) of 96 potentially eligible patients consented to participate. Thirty-nine (95.1%, 95% CI 83.5-99.4) successfully carried out the Cytosponge™ procedure. Of these, 37 (95%) would be prepared to repeat the procedure. There were only two grade 1 adverse events attributed to use of the Cytosponge™. Thirty-five (90%) of the completed Cytosponge™ samples were suitable for biomarker analysis; 29 (83%) of these were concordant with endoscopic biopsies, three (9%) had findings suggestive of residual cancer on Cytosponge™ not found on endoscopic biopsies, and three (9%) had residual cancer on endoscopic biopsies not detected by Cytosponge™. Interpretation Use of the CytospongeTM is safe, tolerable, and acceptable for the assessment of treatment response following CRT in OAC and OSCC. Further evaluation of Cytosponge™ in this setting is warranted. Funding Cancer Research UK, National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jones
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heather O'Connor
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria O'Donovan
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Hayward
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrienn Blasko
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth Harman
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shalini Malhotra
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Bincy Alias
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Bailey
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Tom D.L. Crosby
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stephen Falk
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Simon Gollins
- North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre, Glan Clwyd Hospital, Denbighshire, UK
| | - Maria A. Hawkins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sudarshan Kadri
- Leicester General Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephanie Levy
- Oncology Clinical Trials Office, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ganesh Radhakrishna
- Christie Hospital, The Christie Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Raj Sripadam
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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21
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Menkart N, Hart JD, Murphy TE, Roy R. Dark current and single photon detection by 1550 nm avalanche photodiodes: dead time corrected probability distributions and entropy rates. Opt Express 2022; 30:39431-39444. [PMID: 36298896 DOI: 10.1364/oe.466330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single photon detectors have dark count rates that depend strongly on the bias level for detector operation. In the case of weak light sources such as novel lasers or single-photon emitters, the rate of counts due to the light source can be comparable to that of the detector dark counts. In such cases, a characterization of the statistical properties of the dark counts is necessary. The dark counts are often assumed to follow a Poisson process that is statistically independent of the incident photon counts. This assumption must be validated for specific types of photodetectors. In this work, we focus on single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) made for 1550 nm. For the InGaAs detectors used, we find the measured distributions often differ significantly from Poisson due to the presence of dead time and afterpulsing with the difference increasing with the bias level used for obtaining higher quantum efficiencies. We find that when the dead time is increased to remove the effects of afterpulsing, it is necessary to correct the measured distributions for the effects of the dead time. To this end, we apply an iterative algorithm to remove dead time effects from the probability distribution for dark counts as well as for the case where light from an external weak laser source (known to be Poisson) is detected together with the dark counts. We believe this to be the first instance of the comprehensive application of this algorithm to real data and find that the dead time corrected probability distributions are Poisson distributions in both cases. We additionally use the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm to estimate the entropy production rates of the dark count processes, which provides a single metric that characterizes the temporal correlations between dark counts as well as the shape of the distribution. We have thus developed a systematic procedure for taking data with 1550 nm SPADs and obtaining accurate photocount statistics to examine novel light sources.
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22
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Roy R, Cannata A, Bhatti P, Daniel A, Rosmini S, Birkenshaw A, Rind I, Sado D, Piper S, Scott P, McDonagh T, Bromage D. Accuracy of ICD-10 codes for patients with acute myocarditis: a retrospective study at a large tertiary centre in London, UK. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acute myocarditis (AM) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium that is associated with heterogenous clinical presentations, which may be non-specific. Furthermore, several cardiac diseases can mimic its clinical phenotype. Research in AM frequently utilises ICD-10 codes from hospital admissions for case identification. We retrospectively confirmed or refuted a diagnosis of AM according to ESC Position Statement criteria in patients with an ICD-10 code for AM.
Methods
We performed a single-centre retrospective analysis of all unique admissions with ICD-10 codes corresponding to myocarditis or myopericarditis in the first three coding positions at King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom. The diagnosis was classified as “confirmed” if proven by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) or endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) or “suspected” in the absence of CMR or EMB if other ESC Position Statement criteria were met. To identify additional cases, we used an open-source retrieval system for unstructured clinical data (CogStack). We searched hospital and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) discharge summaries for inpatients discharged alive containing the keywords “myocarditis” or “myopericarditis”. We also searched for patients who died during the study period where the keywords “myocarditis” or “myopericarditis” were included on the death notification.
Results
We identified 308 unique admissions with an ICD-10 code for myocarditis or myopericarditis in this study, presenting between 2008 and 2020 (Figure 1). Overall, 26.0% of patients (n=80/308) could be excluded from a diagnosis of AM on review of the clinical summary. A total of 16.2% of patients (n=50/308) had insufficient evidence of AM, 1.9% (n=6/308) had not had coronary artery disease excluded as a culprit for the presentation, and 10.1% (n=31/308) had an alternative diagnosis. Only 45.8% (n=141/308) of all patients met criteria for suspected or confirmed AM. Of those, 86.5% (n=122/141) of cases were confirmed by CMR. Overall, 39.6% of patients with an ICD-10 code indicating AM had a confirmed diagnosis. An additional 46 suspected and 197 confirmed cases were identified using open-source retrieval from unstructured clinical data.
Conclusion
AM has heterogenous and sometimes non-specific clinical presentations, which may be compounded by limited access to CMR and EMB. We identified significant misclassification using ICD-10 codes. It is crucial to ensure that studies investigating AM include only patients meeting appropriate diagnostic criteria, thereby ensuring a high-quality evidence base in this disease.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Cannata
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - P Bhatti
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Daniel
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - S Rosmini
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | | | - I Rind
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Sado
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - S Piper
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - P Scott
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - T McDonagh
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - D Bromage
- King's College London , London , United Kingdom
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Rehman S, Bishnoi S, Roy R, Kumari A, Jayakumar H, Gupta S, Kar P, Pattnaik AK, Nayak D. Emerging Biomedical Applications of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Glycoprotein. ACS Omega 2022; 7:32840-32848. [PMID: 36157773 PMCID: PMC9494638 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) made of metals, polymers, micelles, and liposomes are increasingly being used in various biomedical applications. However, most of these NPs are hazardous for long- and short-term use and hence have restricted biomedical applications. Therefore, naturally derived, biocompatible, and biodegradable nanoconstructs are being explored for such applications. Inspired by the biology of viruses, researchers are exploring the viral proteins that hold considerable promise in biomedical applications. The viral proteins are highly stable and further amenable to suit specific biological applications. Among various viral proteins, vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G) has emerged as one of the most versatile platforms for biomedical applications. Starting with their first major use in lentivirus/retrovirus packaging systems, the VSV-G-based reagents have been tested for diverse biomedical use, many of which are at various stages of clinical trials. This manuscript discusses the recent advancements in the use of the VSV-G-based reagents in medical, biological research, and clinical applications particularly highlighting emerging applications in biomedical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeba Rehman
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute
of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri
Bhopal 462066, Madhya
Pradesh, India
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Bishnoi
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anshu Kumari
- School
of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Harikrishnan Jayakumar
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School
of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for
Virology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, 109 Morrison Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0900, United States
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute
of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri
Bhopal 462066, Madhya
Pradesh, India
- Department
of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Theophanous S, Lønne PI, Choudhury A, Berbee M, Dekker A, Dennis K, Dewdney A, Gambacorta MA, Gilbert A, Guren MG, Holloway L, Jadon R, Kochhar R, Mohamed AA, Muirhead R, Parés O, Raszewski L, Roy R, Scarsbrook A, Sebag-Montefiore D, Spezi E, Spindler KLG, van Triest B, Vassiliou V, Malinen E, Wee L, Appelt AL. Development and validation of prognostic models for anal cancer outcomes using distributed learning: protocol for the international multi-centre atomCAT2 study. Diagn Progn Res 2022; 6:14. [PMID: 35922837 PMCID: PMC9351222 DOI: 10.1186/s41512-022-00128-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anal cancer is a rare cancer with rising incidence. Despite the relatively good outcomes conferred by state-of-the-art chemoradiotherapy, further improving disease control and reducing toxicity has proven challenging. Developing and validating prognostic models using routinely collected data may provide new insights for treatment development and selection. However, due to the rarity of the cancer, it can be difficult to obtain sufficient data, especially from single centres, to develop and validate robust models. Moreover, multi-centre model development is hampered by ethical barriers and data protection regulations that often limit accessibility to patient data. Distributed (or federated) learning allows models to be developed using data from multiple centres without any individual-level patient data leaving the originating centre, therefore preserving patient data privacy. This work builds on the proof-of-concept three-centre atomCAT1 study and describes the protocol for the multi-centre atomCAT2 study, which aims to develop and validate robust prognostic models for three clinically important outcomes in anal cancer following chemoradiotherapy. METHODS This is a retrospective multi-centre cohort study, investigating overall survival, locoregional control and freedom from distant metastasis after primary chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma. Patient data will be extracted and organised at each participating radiotherapy centre (n = 18). Candidate prognostic factors have been identified through literature review and expert opinion. Summary statistics will be calculated and exchanged between centres prior to modelling. The primary analysis will involve developing and validating Cox proportional hazards models across centres for each outcome through distributed learning. Outcomes at specific timepoints of interest and factor effect estimates will be reported, allowing for outcome prediction for future patients. DISCUSSION The atomCAT2 study will analyse one of the largest available cross-institutional cohorts of patients with anal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy. The analysis aims to provide information on current international clinical practice outcomes and may aid the personalisation and design of future anal cancer clinical trials through contributing to a better understanding of patient risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stelios Theophanous
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Per-Ivar Lønne
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- MAASTRO (Dept of Radiotherapy), GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University and Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Berbee
- MAASTRO (Dept of Radiotherapy), GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University and Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Andre Dekker
- MAASTRO (Dept of Radiotherapy), GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University and Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Alexandra Gilbert
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Marianne Grønlie Guren
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lois Holloway
- Ingham Research Institute and Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajarshi Roy
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK
| | - Andrew Scarsbrook
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | | | | | | | - Baukelien van Triest
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eirik Malinen
- Department of Medical Physics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leonard Wee
- MAASTRO (Dept of Radiotherapy), GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University and Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ane L Appelt
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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25
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Jaiswal S, Roy R, Dutta SB, Bishnoi S, Kar P, Joshi A, Nayak D, Gupta S. Role of Doxorubicin on the Loading Efficiency of ICG within Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3054-3065. [PMID: 35709526 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effective loading or encapsulation of multimodal theranostic agents within a nanocarrier system plays an important role in the clinical development of cancer therapy. In recent years, the silk fibroin protein-based delivery system has been drawing significant attention to be used in nanomedicines due to its biocompatible and biodegradable nature. In this study, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SNPs) have been synthesized by a novel and cost-effective ultrasonic atomizer-based technique for the first time. The fabricated SNPs were coencapsulated by the FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG) dye and the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). The synthesized SNPs are spherical, with an average diameter of ∼37 ± 4 nm, and the ICG-DOX-coencapsulated SNPs (ID-SNPs) have a diameter size of ∼47 ± 6 nm. For the first time, here we demonstrate that DOX helps in the higher loading of ICG within the ID-SNPs, which enhances the encapsulation efficiency of ICG by ∼99%. This could be attributed to the interaction of ICG and DOX molecules with the silk fibroin protein, which helps ICG to get loaded more efficiently within these nanoparticles. The overall finding of this study suggests that the ID-SNPs could be utilized for enhanced ICG-complemented multimodal deep-tissue bioimaging and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Jaiswal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Surjendu Bikash Dutta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Suman Bishnoi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Debasis Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Singh S, Sahadevan R, Roy R, Biswas M, Ghosh P, Kar P, Sonawane A, Sadhukhan S. Structure-based design and synthesis of a novel long-chain 4''-alkyl ether derivative of EGCG as potent EGFR inhibitor: in vitro and in silico studies. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17821-17836. [PMID: 35765335 PMCID: PMC9201511 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01919a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the discovery of a novel long-chain ether derivative of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major green tea polyphenol as a potent EGFR inhibitor. A series of 4′′-alkyl EGCG derivatives have been synthesized via regio-selectively alkylating the 4′′ hydroxyl group in the D-ring of EGCG and tested for their antiproliferative activities against high (A431), moderate (HeLa), and low (MCF-7) EGFR-expressing cancer cell lines. The most potent compound, 4′′-C14 EGCG showed the lowest IC50 values across all the tested cell lines. 4′′-C14 EGCG was also found to be significantly more stable than EGCG under physiological conditions (PBS at pH 7.4). Further western blot analysis and imaging data revealed that 4′′-C14 EGCG induced cell death in A431 cells with shrunken nuclei, nuclear fragmentation, membrane blebbing, and increased population of apoptotic cells where BAX upregulation and BCLXL downregulation were observed. In addition, autophosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signalling proteins Akt and ERK were markedly inhibited by 4′′-C14 EGCG. MD simulation and the MM/PBSA analysis disclosed the binding mode of 4′′-C14 EGCG in the ATP-binding site of EGFR kinase domain. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that 4′′-C14 EGCG can act as a promising potent EGFR inhibitor with enhanced stability. Among the synthesized 4′′-alkyl EGCG derivatives, 4′′-C14 EGCG inhibited EGF stimulated phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream signaling pathways, ERK and Akt. 4′′-C14 EGCG showed significantly improved stability than EGCG and induced apoptosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyam Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453 552 India
| | - Revathy Sahadevan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453 552 India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar Orissa 751 024 India
| | - Priya Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453 552 India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453 552 India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore Madhya Pradesh 453 552 India
| | - Sushabhan Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India .,Physical & Chemical Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India.,Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Kerala 678 623 India
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Ahmed F, Roy R. A Literature Review of Diagnostic Applicability of ICD 11 Classification of Personality Disorders in Comparison with ICD 10. Eur Psychiatry 2022. [PMCID: PMC9564016 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Personality disorders are frequently encountered by all healthcare professionals and can often pose a diagnostic dilemma due to the crossover of different traits amongst the various subtypes. The ICD 10 classification comprised of succinct parameters of the 10 subtypes of personality disorders but lacked a global approach to address the complexity of the disease. The ICD 11 classification provides a more structural approach to aid in clinical diagnosis. Objectives A literature review of the diagnostic applicability of ICD 11 classification of personality disorders is presented in comparison with the ICD 10 classification. Methods A retrospective analysis of the literature outlining the ICD 10 and 11 classifications of personality disorders, exploring the differences in evidence-based applications of both. Results The ICD 11 classification of personality disorders supersedes the ICD 10 classification in describing the severity of the personality dysfunction in conjunction with a wide range of trait domain qualifiers, thus enabling the clinician to portray the disease dynamically. The current evidence available on the utility of the ICD 11 classification gives a promising outlook for its application in clinical settings. Conclusions The ICD 11 has transformed the classification of personality disorders by projecting a dimensional description of personality functioning, aiming to overcome the diagnostic deficiencies in the ICD 10 classification. The versatility offered by the application of the ICD 11 classification can be pivotal in reshaping the focus and intensity of clinical management of the disease. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Roy R, Jonniya NA, Kar P. Effect of Sulfation on the Conformational Dynamics of Dermatan Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan: A Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3852-3866. [PMID: 35594147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are anionic biopolymers present on cell surfaces as a part of proteoglycans. The biological activities of GAGs depend on the sulfation pattern. In our study, we have considered three octadecasaccharide dermatan sulfate (DS) chains with increasing order of sulfation (dp6s, dp7s, and dp12s) to illuminate the role of sulfation on the GAG units and its chain conformation through 10 μs-long Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations. DS is composed of repeating disaccharide units of iduronic acid (IdoA) and N-acetylgalactosamine (N-GalNAc). Here, N-GalNAc is linked to IdoA via β(1-4), while IdoA is linked to N-GalNAc through α(1-3). With the increase in sulfation, the DS structure becomes more rigid and linear, as is evident from the distribution of root-mean-square deviations (RMSDs) and end-to-end distances. The tetrasaccharide linker region of the main chain shows a rigid conformation in terms of the glycosidic linkage. We have observed that upon sulfation (i.e., dp12s), the ring flip between two chair forms vanished for IdoA. The dynamic cross-correlation analysis reveals that the anticorrelation motions in dp12s are reduced significantly compared to dp6s or dp7s. An increase in sulfation generates relatively more stable hydrogen-bond networks, including water bridging with the neighboring monosaccharides. Despite the favorable linear structures of the GAG chains, our study also predicts few significant bendings related to the different puckering states, which may play a notable role in the function of the DS. The relation between the global conformation with the micro-level parameters such as puckering and water-mediated hydrogen bonds shapes the overall conformational space of GAGs. Overall, atomistic details of the DS chain provided in this study will help understand their functional and mechanical roles, besides developing new biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Roy R, Holec D, Kratzer M, Muenzer P, Kaushik P, Michal L, Kumar GS, Zajíčková L, Teichert C. Probing the charge transfer and electron-hole asymmetry in graphene-graphene quantum dot heterostructure. Nanotechnology 2022; 33:325704. [PMID: 35504253 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6c38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, graphene-based van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have come into prominence showcasing interesting charge transfer dynamics which is significant for optoelectronic applications. These novel structures are highly tunable depending on several factors such as the combination of the two-dimensional materials, the number of layers and band alignment exhibiting interfacial charge transfer dynamics. Here, we report on a novel graphene based 0D-2D vdW heterostructure between graphene and amine-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQD) to investigate the interfacial charge transfer and doping possibilities. Using a combination ofab initiosimulations and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) measurements, we confirm that the incorporation of functional GQDs leads to a charge transfer induced p-type doping in graphene. A shift of the Dirac point by 0.05 eV with respect to the Fermi level (EF) in the graphene from the heterostructure was deduced from the calculated density of states. KPFM measurements revealed an increment in the surface potential of the GQD in the 0D-2D heterostructure by 29 mV with respect to graphene. Furthermore, we conducted power dependent Raman spectroscopy for both graphene and the heterostructure samples. An optical doping-induced gating effect resulted in a stiffening of theGband for electrons and holes in both samples (graphene and the heterostructure), suggesting a breakdown of the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Moreover, charge imbalance and renormalization of the electron-hole dispersion under the additional influence of the doped functional GQDs is pointing to an asymmetry in conduction and carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Roy
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Holec
- Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Markus Kratzer
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Philipp Muenzer
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Preeti Kaushik
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Michal
- CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gundam Sandeep Kumar
- Solar Cells and Photonics Research Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, 500 46 Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lenka Zajíčková
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Masaryk University, Kotlářská, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institute of Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse. 18, A-8700 Leoben, Austria
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. This virus has a high mismatch repair proofreading ability due to its unique exonuclease activity, making it knotty to treat. The nucleocapsid protein can serve as a potential antiviral drug target, as this protein is responsible for multiple captious functions during the viral life cycle. Herein, we have investigated the potential to repurpose active antiviral compounds of plant origins for treating the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present study, we followed the molecular docking methodology to screen druggable natural plants' active compounds against the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. The virtual screening of all 68 compounds revealed that the top seven active compounds, such as withanolide D, hypericin, silymarin, oxyacanthine, withaferin A, Acetyl aleuritolic acid, and rhein, exhibit good binding affinity with druggable ADME properties, toxicity, and Pass prediction. The stability of the docked complexes was studied by conducting molecular simulations of 100 ns. MM-GBSA calculated the binding free energy uncovered that withanolide D, hypericin, and silymarin result in highly stable binding conformations in three different sites of the nucleocapsid protein. However, further investigation is needed in order to validate the candidacy of these inhibitors for clinical trials. HighlightsNatural plants' active compounds may aid in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and COVID-19 therapeutics.Hypericin, silymarin, withanolide D, oxyacanthine, withaferin A, Acetyl aleuritolic acid, and rhein are effective against SARS-CoV-2 N protein.Studied natural plants' active compounds could be useful against COVID-19 and its associated organs comorbidities.ADMET properties of selected compounds favor these compounds as druggable candidates.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kashyap
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Roy R, Jonniya NA, Sk MF, Kar P. Comparative Structural Dynamics of Isoforms of Helicobacter pylori Adhesin BabA Bound to Lewis b Hexasaccharide via Multiple Replica Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:852895. [PMID: 35586194 PMCID: PMC9108286 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.852895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BabA of Helicobacter pylori is the ABO blood group antigen-binding adhesin. Despite considerable diversity in the BabA sequence, it shows an extraordinary adaptation in attachment to mucosal layers. In the current study, multiple replica molecular dynamics simulations were conducted in a neutral aqueous solution to elucidate the conformational landscape of isoforms of BabA bound to Lewis b (Leb) hexasaccharide. In addition, we also investigated the underlying molecular mechanism of the BabA-glycan complexation using the MM/GBSA scheme. The conformational dynamics of Leb in the free and protein-bound states were also studied. The carbohydrate-binding site across the four isoforms was examined, and the conformational variability of several vital loops was observed. The cysteine–cysteine loops and the two diversity loops (DL1 and DL2) were identified to play an essential role in recognizing the glycan molecule. The flexible crown region of BabA was stabilized after association with Leb. The outward movement of the DL2 loop vanished upon ligand binding for the Spanish specialist strain (S381). Our study revealed that the S831 strain shows a stronger affinity to Leb than other strains due to an increased favorable intermolecular electrostatic contribution. Furthermore, we showed that the α1-2-linked fucose contributed most to the binding by forming several hydrogen bonds with key amino acids. Finally, we studied the effect of the acidic environment on the BabA-glycan complexation via constant pH MD simulations, which showed a reduction in the binding free energy in the acidic environment. Overall, our study provides a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of Leb recognition by four isoforms of H. pylori that may help the development of therapeutics targeted at inhibiting H. pylori adherence to the gastric mucosa.
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Sk MF, Jonniya NA, Roy R, Kar P. Phosphorylation-Induced Conformational Dynamics and Inhibition of Janus Kinase 1 by Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling 1. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:3224-3239. [PMID: 35443129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The dysfunction of the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway results in several pathophysiological conditions, including autoimmune disorders. The negative feedback regulators of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS), act as a natural inhibitor of JAK and inhibit aberrant activity. SOCS1 is the most potent member of the SOCS family, whose kinase inhibitory region targets the substrate-binding groove of JAK with high affinity and blocks the phosphorylation of JAK kinases. Overall, we performed an aggregate of 13 μs molecular dynamics simulations on the activation loop's three different phosphorylation (double and single) states. Results from our simulations show that the single Tyr1034 phosphorylation could stabilize the JAK1/SOCS1 complex as well as the flexible activation segment. The phosphate-binding loop (P-loop) shows conformational variability at dual and single phosphorylated states. Principal component analysis and protein structure network (PSN) analysis reveal that the different phosphorylation states and SOCS1 binding induce intermediate inactive conformations of JAK1, which could be a better target for future JAK1 selective drug design. PSN analysis suggests that the com-pY1034 system is stabilized due to higher values of network hubs than the other two complex systems. Moreover, the binding free energy calculations suggest that pTyr1034 states show a higher affinity toward SOCS1 than the dual and pTyr1035 states. We believe that the mechanistic understanding of JAK1/SOCS1 complexation will aid future studies related to peptide inhibitors based on SOCS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Indore 453552, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Bhattacharyya T, Roy R, Islam M, Agarwal B, Roy SJ. Racial Variation of Carrying Angle of Elbow in North-East Indian Population: A Clinico-Radiological Study. Indian J Orthop 2022; 56:457-463. [PMID: 35251510 PMCID: PMC8854536 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-021-00540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrying angle of elbow is the angle borne by the forearm to the arm in fully extended elbow and supinated forearm. Northeast Indian population being an amalgamation of diverse ethnicity of population, the researchers have felt the necessity of a reference value for this anthropometric parameter for pre-operative planning and template. The objective is to study the difference in carrying angle between males and females and its correlation with different parameters like age, sex, height, body mass index and handedness. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in Gauhati Medical College and Hospital on 384 persons with ages ranging from 20 to 74 years. Carrying angle was measured by goniometer and confirmed by radiography. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-three were right handed while 41 individuals were left handed. In males, the mean carrying angle of the right elbow was found to be 12.55 ± 2.3° and of the left was found to be 12.27 ± 2.43°, while in females, the mean carrying angle of the right elbow was found to be 14.53 ± 2.34° and 14.06 ± 3.37° in the left (p < 0.05). Carrying angle is usually found significantly higher in dominant upper limb. There is no significant difference in carrying angle for northeast Indian population from the rest of the country. CONCLUSION We have found that carrying angle is dependent on gender and on dominance of upper limb. The carrying angle variation in Northeastern Indian population is almost comparable with the population of the rest of our country except for some specific tribes which needs further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulasidas Bhattacharyya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, District: Kamrup Metro, PO: Indrapur, Guwahati, Assam 781032 India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, District: Kamrup Metro, PO: Indrapur, Guwahati, Assam 781032 India
| | - Mahibul Islam
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, District: Kamrup Metro, PO: Indrapur, Guwahati, Assam 781032 India
| | - Bikash Agarwal
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, District: Kamrup Metro, PO: Indrapur, Guwahati, Assam 781032 India
| | - Shankar Jyoti Roy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, District: Kamrup Metro, PO: Indrapur, Guwahati, Assam 781032 India
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Sk MF, Jonniya NA, Roy R, Kar P. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Recognition of Selected Next-Generation Antirheumatoid Arthritis Inhibitors by Janus Kinase 1. ACS Omega 2022; 7:6195-6209. [PMID: 35224383 PMCID: PMC8867477 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-related condition, primarily of joints, and is highly disabling and painful. The inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK)-related cytokine signaling pathways using small molecules is prevalent nowadays. The JAK family belongs to nonreceptor cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), including JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 (tyrosine kinase 2). JAK1 has received significant attention after being identified as a promising target for developing anti-RA therapeutics. Currently, no crystal structure is available for JAK1 in complex with the next-generation anti-RA drugs. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of binding of baricitinib, filgotinib, itacitinib, and upadacitinib to JAK1 using a combined method of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation via the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) scheme. We found that the calculated binding affinity decreases in the order upadacitinib > itacitinib > filgotinib > baricitinib. Due to the increased favorable intermolecular electrostatic contribution, upadacitinib is more selective to JAK1 compared to the other three inhibitors. The cross-correlation and principal component analyses showed that different inhibitor bindings significantly affect the binding site dynamics of JAK1. Furthermore, our studies indicated that the hydrophobic residues and hydrogen bonds from the hinge region (Glu957 and Leu959) of JAK1 played an essential role in stabilizing the inhibitors. Protein structural network analysis reveals that the total number of links and hubs in JAK1/baricitinib (354, 48) is more significant than those in apo (328, 40) and the other three complexes. The JAK1/baricitinib complex shows the highest probability of the highest-ranked community, indicating a compact network of the JAK1/baricitinib complex, consistent with its higher stability than the rest of the four systems. Overall, our study may be crucial for the rational design of JAK1-selective inhibitors with better affinity.
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Jonniya NA, Sk MF, Roy R, Kar P. Discovery of potential competitive inhibitors against With-No-Lysine kinase 1 for treating hypertension by virtual screening, inverse pharmacophore-based lead optimization, and molecular dynamics simulations. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2022; 33:63-87. [PMID: 35078380 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.2023218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The With-No-Lysine (WNK) has received attention because of its involvement in hypertension. Genetic mutation in the genes of WNK, leading to its overexpression, has been reported in Familial Hyperkalaemic Hypertension, and thus WNK is considered a potential drug target. Herein, we have performed a high-throughput virtual screening of ~11,000 compounds, mainly the natural phytochemical compounds and kinase inhibitory libraries, to find potential competitive inhibitors against WNK1. Initially, candidates with a docking score of ~ -10.0 kcal/mol or less were selected to further screen their good pharmacological properties by applying absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). Finally, six docked compounds bearing appreciable binding affinities and WNK1 selectivity were complimented with 500 ns long all-atom molecular dynamic simulations. Subsequently, the MMPBSA scheme (Molecular Mechanics Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area) suggested three phytochemical compounds, C00000947, C00020451, and C00005031, with favourable binding affinity against WNK1. Among them, C00000947 acts as the most potent competitive inhibitor of WNK1. Further, inverse pharmacophore-based lead optimization of the C00000947 leads to one potential compound, meciadanol, which shows better binding affinity and specificity than C00000947 towards WNK1, which may be further exploited to develop effective therapeutics against WNK1-associated hypertension after in vitro and in vivo validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - M F Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Sarkar S, Roy D, Das A, Roy R, Das D, Das BK, Ghorai UK, Chattopadhyay KK. Probing the emission dynamics in nitrogen doped carbon dots by reversible capping with mercury (II) through surface chemistry. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the mechanistic insight and emission dynamics have been explored of size dependent nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (namely 3A,3B & 3C) with toxic metal Hg2+ ions via...
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Roy R, Jonniya NA, Poddar S, Sk MF, Kar P. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Recognition of Human Interferon-Stimulated Gene Product 15 by Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases: A Multiscale Simulation Study. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:6038-6052. [PMID: 34784198 PMCID: PMC8610008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The papain-like protease (PLpro) of the coronavirus (CoV) family plays an essential role in processing the viral polyprotein and immune evasion. Additional proteolytic activities of PLpro include deubiquitination and deISGylation, which can reverse the post-translational modification of cellular proteins conjugated with ubiquitin or (Ub) or Ub-like interferon-stimulated gene product 15 (ISG15). These activities regulate innate immune responses against viral infection. Thus, PLpro is a potential antiviral target. Here, we have described the structural and energetic basis of recognition of PLpro by the human ISG15 protein (hISG15) using atomistic molecular dynamics simulation across the CoV family, i.e., MERS-CoV (MCoV), SARS-CoV (SCoV), and SARS-CoV-2 (SCoV2). The cumulative simulation length for all trajectories was 32.0 μs. In the absence of the complete crystal structure of complexes, protein-protein docking was used. A mutation (R167E) was introduced across all three PLpro to study the effect of mutation on the protein-protein binding. Our study reveals that the apo-ISG15 protein remains closed while it adopts an open conformation when bound to PLpro, although the degree of openness varies across the CoV family. The binding free energy analysis suggests that hISG15 binds more strongly with SCoV2-PLpro compared to SCoV or MCoV. The intermolecular electrostatic interaction drives the hISG15-PLpro complexation. Our study showed that SCoV or MCoV-PLpro binds more strongly with the C-domain of hISG15, while SCoV2-PLpro binds more favorably the N-domain of hISG15. Overall, our study explains the molecular basis of differential deISGylating activities of PLpro among the CoV family and the specificity of SCoV2-PLpro toward hISG15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh
453552, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh
453552, India
| | - Sayan Poddar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh
453552, India
| | - Md Fulbabu Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh
453552, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh
453552, India
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Sk MF, Haridev S, Roy R, Kar P. Investigating potency of TMC-126 against wild-type and mutant variants of HIV-1 protease: a molecular dynamics and free energy study. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2021; 32:941-962. [PMID: 34787532 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2021.1999318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A detailed computational study was performed to investigate the conformational changes of flap region and the mechanism underlying the binding of the inhibitor TMC-126 to HIV-1 protease (PR1) and its mutant variants through molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann (MM-PBSA) free energy calculation. Further, we have studied the effectiveness of the inhibitor against HIV-2 protease (PR2). The MM-PBSA calculation suggests that TMC-126 loses its potency against mutant variants and PR2 compared to wild-type PR1 mainly due to the loss in intermolecular electrostatic interactions. The potency of the inhibitor decreases in the order: wild type PR1 > M46L > MDR20 > I50V > PR2 > V32I > A28S. Our study reveals that the flap of PR1 adopts a semi-open conformation due to the mutation I50V or MDR20. The dissimilar nature of the movement of the flap tip of both monomers is evident from the dynamic cross-correlation map. The protein structural network analysis displays that mutation causes structural rearrangements and changes the communication path between residues. Overall, we believe our study may help explore and accelerate the development of novel HIV-1/HIV-2 protease inhibitors with better potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Haridev
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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Sharma M, Choudhury H, Roy R, Michaels SA, Ojo KK, Bansal A. CDPKs: The critical decoders of calcium signal at various stages of malaria parasite development. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:5092-5107. [PMID: 34589185 PMCID: PMC8453137 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions are used as important signals during various physiological processes. In malaria parasites, Plasmodium spp., calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have acquired the unique ability to sense and transduce calcium signals at various critical steps during the lifecycle, either through phosphorylation of downstream substrates or mediating formation of high molecular weight protein complexes. Calcium signaling cascades establish important crosstalk events with signaling pathways mediated by other secondary messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). CDPKs play critical roles at various important physiological steps during parasite development in vertebrates and mosquitoes. They are also important for transmission of the parasite between the two hosts. Combined with the fact that CDPKs are not present in humans, they continue to be pursued as important targets for development of anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Himashree Choudhury
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Samantha A. Michaels
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Kayode K. Ojo
- Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Division of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Abhisheka Bansal
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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Mukherjee S, Hurt C, Radhakrishna G, Gwynne S, Bateman A, Gollins S, Hawkins MA, Canham J, Grabsch HI, Falk S, Sharma RA, Ray R, Roy R, Cox C, Maynard N, Nixon L, Sebag-Montefiore DJ, Maughan T, Griffiths GO, Crosby TDL. Oxaliplatin/capecitabine or carboplatin/paclitaxel-based preoperative chemoradiation for resectable oesophageal adenocarcinoma (NeoSCOPE): Long-term results of a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Cancer 2021; 153:153-161. [PMID: 34157617 PMCID: PMC8330696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This is the first randomised study to evaluate toxicity and survival outcomes of two neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) regimens for patients with localised oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) or gastro-oesophageal junction (GOJ) adenocarcinoma. The initial results showed comparable toxicity between regimens and pathological complete response (pCR) rate favouring CarPacRT. Herein, we report survival, progression patterns, and long-term toxicity after a median follow-up of 40.7 months. METHODS NeoSCOPE was an open-label, UK multicentre, randomised, phase II trial. Eighty-five patients with resectable OAC or GOJ adenocarcinoma, ≥cT3 and/or ≥cN1 (TNM v7), suitable for neoadjuvant CRT, were recruited between October 2013 and February 2015. Patients were randomised to OxCapRT (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on Days 1, 15, and 29; capecitabine 625 mg/m2 orally twice daily on days of radiotherapy [RT]) or CarPacRT (carboplatin AUC2; paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 29). RT dose was 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks. Both arms received induction chemotherapy (two cycles oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on Day 1, capecitabine 625 mg/m2 orally twice daily on Days 1-21) before CRT. Surgery was performed 6-8 weeks after CRT. The primary end-point was pCR. Secondary end-points were toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and patterns of progression. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were recruited from 17 UK centres. The median OS was 41.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.6 to not reached) in the OxCapRT arm and was not reached in the CarPacRT arm (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] = 0.48, 95% CIs: 0.24-0.95, P = 0.035). The median PFS was 32.6 months (95% CIs: 17.1 to not reached) in the OxCapRT arm and was not reached in the CarPacRT arm (multivariable HR = 0.54, 95% CIs: 0.29-1.01, P = 0.053). In both arms, the distant progression was twice as common as locoregional progression. CONCLUSIONS OS and PFS favoured neoadjuvant CarPacRT over OxCapRT. Distant was more common than locoregional progression; therefore, priority should be given to optimising the systemic treatment component. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION EudraCT Number: 2012-000640-10; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01843829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mukherjee
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK; Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Christopher Hurt
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK.
| | | | - Sarah Gwynne
- South West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Andrew Bateman
- Clinical Oncology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Simon Gollins
- North Wales Cancer Treatment Centre, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Rhyl, LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - Maria A Hawkins
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Joanne Canham
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Heike I Grabsch
- Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Stephen Falk
- Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8ED, UK
| | - Ricky A Sharma
- Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ruby Ray
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Castle Hill Hospital, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, HU16 5JQ, UK
| | - Catrin Cox
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Nick Maynard
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Lisette Nixon
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | | | - Timothy Maughan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gareth O Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tom D L Crosby
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, CF14 2TL, UK
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Mukherjee S, O'Connor H, Harman R, O'Donovan M, Debiram-Beecham I, Alias B, Bailey A, Bateman A, de Caestecker J, Crosby T, Falk S, Gollins S, Hawkins M, Levy S, Radhakrishna G, Roy R, Sripadam R, Fitzgerald R. P-109 CYTOFLOC: Evaluation of a non-endoscopic immunocytological device (Cytosponge™) for post-chemo-radiotherapy surveillance in patients with oesophageal cancer – a feasibility study. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Sk MF, Roy R, Jonniya NA, Poddar S, Kar P. Elucidating biophysical basis of binding of inhibitors to SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:3649-3661. [PMID: 32396767 PMCID: PMC7284146 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1768149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of novel "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide, causing a global pandemic. In the present work, we have elucidated the mechanism of binding of two inhibitors, namely α-ketoamide and Z31792168, to SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) by using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations. We calculated the total binding free energy (ΔGbind) of both inhibitors and further decomposed ΔGbind into various forces governing the complex formation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. Our calculations reveal that α-ketoamide is more potent (ΔGbind= - 9.05 kcal/mol) compared to Z31792168 (ΔGbind= - 3.25 kcal/mol) against COVID-19 3CLpro. The increase in ΔGbind for α-ketoamide relative to Z31792168 arises due to an increase in the favorable electrostatic and van der Waals interactions between the inhibitor and 3CLpro. Further, we have identified important residues controlling the 3CLpro-ligand binding from per-residue based decomposition of the binding free energy. Finally, we have compared ΔGbind of these two inhibitors with the anti-HIV retroviral drugs, such as lopinavir and darunavir. It is observed that α-ketoamide is more potent compared to lopinavir and darunavir. In the case of lopinavir, a decrease in van der Waals interactions is responsible for the lower binding affinity compared to α-ketoamide. On the other hand, in the case of darunavir, a decrease in the favorable intermolecular electrostatic and van der Waals interactions contributes to lower affinity compared to α-ketoamide. Our study might help in designing rational anti-coronaviral drugs targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fulbabu Sk
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
| | - Sayan Poddar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, MP, India
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Hall PS, Swinson D, Cairns DA, Waters JS, Petty R, Allmark C, Ruddock S, Falk S, Wadsley J, Roy R, Tillett T, Nicoll J, Cummins S, Mano J, Grumett S, Stokes Z, Kamposioras KV, Chatterjee A, Garcia A, Waddell T, Guptal K, Maisey N, Khan M, Dent J, Lord S, Crossley A, Katona E, Marshall H, Grabsch HI, Velikova G, Ow PL, Handforth C, Howard H, Seymour MT. Efficacy of Reduced-Intensity Chemotherapy With Oxaliplatin and Capecitabine on Quality of Life and Cancer Control Among Older and Frail Patients With Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: The GO2 Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2021; 7:869-877. [PMID: 33983395 PMCID: PMC8120440 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2021.0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance Older and/or frail patients are underrepresented in landmark cancer trials. Tailored research is needed to address this evidence gap. Objective The GO2 randomized clinical trial sought to optimize chemotherapy dosing in older and/or frail patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer, and explored baseline geriatric assessment (GA) as a tool for treatment decision-making. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter, noninferiority, open-label randomized trial took place at oncology clinics in the United Kingdom with nurse-led geriatric health assessment. Patients were recruited for whom full-dose combination chemotherapy was considered unsuitable because of advanced age and/or frailty. Interventions There were 2 randomizations that were performed: CHEMO-INTENSITY compared oxaliplatin/capecitabine at Level A (oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1, capecitabine 625 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1-21, on a 21-day cycle), Level B (doses 0.8 times A), or Level C (doses 0.6 times A). Alternatively, if the patient and clinician agreed the indication for chemotherapy was uncertain, the patient could instead enter CHEMO-BSC, comparing Level C vs best supportive care. Main Outcomes and Measures First, broad noninferiority of the lower doses vs reference (Level A) was assessed using a permissive boundary of 34 days reduction in progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio, HR = 1.34), selected as acceptable by a forum of patients and clinicians. Then, the patient experience was compared using Overall Treatment Utility (OTU), which combines efficacy, toxic effects, quality of life, and patient value/acceptability. For CHEMO-BSC, the main outcome measure was overall survival. Results A total of 514 patients entered CHEMO-INTENSITY, of whom 385 (75%) were men and 299 (58%) were severely frail, with median age 76 years. Noninferior PFS was confirmed for Levels B vs A (HR = 1.09 [95% CI, 0.89-1.32]) and C vs A (HR = 1.10 [95% CI, 0.90-1.33]). Level C produced less toxic effects and better OTU than A or B. No subgroup benefited from higher doses: Level C produced better OTU even in younger or less frail patients. A total of 45 patients entered the CHEMO-BSC randomization: overall survival was nonsignificantly longer with chemotherapy: median 6.1 vs 3.0 months (HR = 0.69 [95% CI, 0.32-1.48], P = .34). In multivariate analysis in 522 patients with all variables available, baseline frailty, quality of life, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio were independently associated with OTU, and can be combined in a model to estimate the probability of different outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance This phase 3 randomized clinical trial found that reduced-intensity chemotherapy provided a better patient experience without significantly compromising cancer control and should be considered for older and/or frail patients. Baseline geriatric assessment can help predict the utility of chemotherapy but did not identify a group benefiting from higher-dose treatment. Trial Registration isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN44687907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Hall
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Swinson
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Justin S. Waters
- Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells National Health Service Trust, Maidstone, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Falk
- Bristol Oncology Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rajarshi Roy
- Hull University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan Nicoll
- North Cumbria University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Carlisle, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Cummins
- Royal Surrey County Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Mano
- The Royal Wolverhampton National Health Service Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Grumett
- The Dudley Group National Health Service Foundation Trust, Dudley, United Kingdom
| | - Zuzana Stokes
- United Lincolnshire Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Lincoln, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anirban Chatterjee
- The Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital National Health Service Trust, Shrewsbury, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Garcia
- Betsi Cadwaladr University Local Health Board, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Waddell
- The Christie National Health Service Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kamalnayan Guptal
- Worcestershire Acute Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Worcester, United Kingdom
| | - Nick Maisey
- Guys and St Thomas’s National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Khan
- York Teaching Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Scarborough, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Dent
- Calderdale and Huddersfield National Health Service Foundation Trust, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Crossley
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Heike I. Grabsch
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Pei Loo Ow
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Matthew T. Seymour
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Trust, United Kingdom
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Reynolds JV, Preston SR, O'Neill B, Lowery MA, Baeksgaard L, Crosby T, Cunningham M, Cuffe S, Griffiths GO, Roy R, Falk S, Hanna G, Bartlett FR, Parker I, Alvarez-Iglesias A, Nilsson M, Piessen G, Risum S, Ravi N, McDermott RS. Neo-AEGIS (Neoadjuvant trial in Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus and Esophago-Gastric Junction International Study): Preliminary results of phase III RCT of CROSS versus perioperative chemotherapy (Modified MAGIC or FLOT protocol). (NCT01726452). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
4004 Background: The optimum combination curative approach to locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and esophago-gastric junction (AEG) is unknown. A key question is whether neoadjuvant multimodal therapy, specifically CROSS (carboplatin/paclitaxel, 41.4Gy radiation therapy), is superior to optimum peri-operative chemotherapeutic regimens including modified MAGIC (epirubicin, cisplatin (oxaliplatin), 5-FU (capecitabine)) and more latterly FLOT (docetaxel, 5-FU, leucovorin, oxaliplatin). Neo-AEGIS was designed as the first randomised controlled trial to address this question. Methods: 377 patients with cT2-3N0-3M0 AEG were randomly assigned to CROSS or peri-operative chemotherapy (ECF/ECX/EOF/EOX pre-2018, FLOT option 2019/20) at 24 sites (Ireland, UK, Denmark, France, Sweden). The primary outcome was overall survival. The initial power calculation was based on CROSS superiority of 10%. This was modified after the first futility analysis (70 events) to a non-inferiority margin of 5%. Secondary end points included toxicity, pathologic measures of response, and postoperative complications as per the Esophageal Complications Consensus Group (ECCG) definitions and Clavien-Dindo severity grade. Results: Of 362 evaluable patients, 178 CROSS, 184 MAGIC/FLOT (157/27), 90% were male, median (range) age 64 (35-83), 84% were cT3, and 58% cN1. At a median (range) follow up of 24.5 (1-92) months, at the second futility analysis (60% of planned events), there were 143 deaths, 70 CROSS and 73 MAGIC/FLOT arm, with 3-year estimated survival probability of 56% (95% CI 47,64) and 57% (95% CI 48,65), respectively [(HR 1.02 (95%CI. 0.74-1.42))]. Based on the absence of futility evidenced in this data the DSMB recommended closure of recruitment in December 2020. Conclusions: This RCT reveals no evidence that peri-operative chemotherapy is unacceptably inferior to multimodal therapy, notwithstanding greater proxy markers of local tumour response in the CROSS arm. Oncologic and operative outcomes were consistent with optimum modern benchmarks. These data strongly suggest non-inferiority and support equipoise in decision making in modern practice. Clinical trial information: NCT01726452. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaun R. Preston
- Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Brian O'Neill
- St. Luke’s Radiation Oncology Network, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Thomas Crosby
- Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gareth Owen Griffiths
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Falk
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Hanna
- St. Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Magnus Nilsson
- Division of Surgery, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet and Department of Upper Abdominal Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mandal A, Baneh H, Roy R, Notter DR. Correction to: Genetic diversity and population structure of Jamunapari goat in India using pedigree analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:293. [PMID: 33909174 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Mandal
- Animal Breeding Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
| | - Hasan Baneh
- Digital Agriculture Laboratory (DAL), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - R Roy
- , Shivpuri, Lalbahadur Shastri Nagar, Patna, Bihar, 800023, India
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Mandal A, Baneh H, Roy R, Notter DR. Genetic diversity and population structure of Jamunapari goat in India using pedigree analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:218. [PMID: 33745019 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pedigree records of 6821 Jamunapari goats of India were collected from 1980 to 2011 and used to evaluate the population structure and genetic diversity in this flock. Animals born between 2009 and 2011 represented the current reference population. The average pedigree completeness index (PCI) and numbers of equivalent complete generations (EqG) were estimated for the entire (PCI = 0.18, EqG = 2.24) and reference (PCI = 0.31, EqG = 3.45) populations. The average generation interval was 3.33 years. The average inbreeding coefficient and the average relatedness were 0.46 and 1.06%, respectively, for the entire population and 0.77 and 3.87% for the reference population. The rate of inbreeding was 0.06% per generation. The effective population size (Ne), estimated from increases in inbreeding coefficients between the first and third equivalent complete generations, was 52.65, but periodic introductions of unrelated breeding males resulted in average inbreeding levels in the reference population that were lower than those predicted from the estimate of Ne. Effective numbers of founders (fe), ancestors (fa), founder genomes equivalents (fg), and non-founder genomes (fng) were 51, 39, 25.8, and 48.2, respectively. The fe/fa ratio in the reference population was 1.31 and indicated that occasional bottlenecks had occurred in the population. The 14 most influential ancestors contributed 50% of the genetic variability in the reference population, with a maximum individual contribution of 9.25%. Approximately 1.9% of the initial heterozygosity had been lost from the population, indicating that substantial genetic diversity still exists in this flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Mandal
- Animal Breeding Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741235, India.
| | - Hasan Baneh
- Digital Agriculture Laboratory (DAL), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - R Roy
- Shivpuri, Lalbahadur Shastri Nagar, Bihar, Patna, 800023, India
| | - D R Notter
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Roy R, Sk MF, Jonniya NA, Poddar S, Kar P. Finding potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease through virtual screening, ADMET, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6556-6568. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1897680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Roy
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, MP, India
| | - Md Fulbabu Sk
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, MP, India
| | - Nisha Amarnath Jonniya
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, MP, India
| | - Sayan Poddar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, MP, India
| | - Parimal Kar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, MP, India
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Edge SD, Renard I, Pyne E, Li C, Moody H, Roy R, Beavis AW, Archibald SJ, Cawthorne CJ, Maher SG, Pires IM. PI3K inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy for neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resistant oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20201191. [PMID: 33434085 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neo-CRT) prior to surgery is the standard of care for oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) patients. Unfortunately, most patients fail to respond to treatment. MiR-187 was previously shown to be downregulated in neo-CRT non-responders, whist in vitro miR-187 overexpression enhanced radiosensitivity and upregulated PTEN. This study evaluates the role of miR-187 and downstream PI3K signalling in radiation response in OAC. METHODS The effect of miR-187 overexpression on downstream PI3K signalling was evaluated in OAC cell lines by qPCR and Western blotting. PTEN expression was analysed in OAC pre-treatment biopsies of neo-CRT responders and non-responders. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K using GDC-0941 was evaluated in combination with radiotherapy in two-dimensional and three-dimensional OAC models in vitro and as a single agent in vivo. Radiation response in vitro was assessed via clonogenic assay. RESULTS PTEN expression was significantly decreased in neo-CRT non-responders. MiR-187 overexpression significantly upregulated PTEN expression and inhibited downstream PI3K signalling in vitro. GDC-0941 significantly reduced viability and enhanced radiation response in vitro and led to tumour growth inhibition as a single agent in vivo. CONCLUSION Targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who have repressed miR-187 expression and do not respond to conventional neo-CRT. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE This is the first study evaluating the effect of PI3K inhibition on radiosensitivity in OAC, with a particular focus on patients that do not respond to neo-CRT. We have shown for the first time that targeting of PI3K signalling is a promising alternative therapeutic strategy for OAC patients who do not respond to conventional neo-CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Edge
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Isaline Renard
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK, Hull, UK
| | - Emily Pyne
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Chun Li
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Hannah Moody
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, UK
| | - Andrew W Beavis
- Faculty of Health and Well Being, Sheffield-Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Medical Physics, Queen's Centre for Oncology, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Cottingham, UK.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Stephen J Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK, Hull, UK
| | - Christopher J Cawthorne
- Positron Emission Tomography Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, UK, Hull, UK.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G Maher
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isabel M Pires
- Hypoxia and Tumour Microenvironment Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Lawrence C, Seckold R, Smart C, King BR, Howley P, Feltrin R, Smith TA, Roy R, Lopez P. Increased paediatric presentations of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in an Australian tertiary centre during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabet Med 2021; 38:e14417. [PMID: 33020999 PMCID: PMC7646057 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine if the frequency of severe diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation of new-onset type 1 diabetes to an Australian tertiary centre increased during the initial period of restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic (March to May 2020). METHODS Data were collected on presentations of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes as well as on all paediatric presentations to the emergency department of a tertiary centre between 2015 and 2020. Data from the period of initial COVID restrictions in Australia (March to May 2020) were compared to the period March to May of the previous 5 years (pre-pandemic periods). RESULTS The number of new diagnoses of type 1 diabetes was comparable in the pandemic period and pre-pandemic periods (11 in 2020 vs range 6-10 in 2015-2019). The frequency of severe diabetic ketoacidosis was significantly higher in the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic periods (45% vs 5%; P <0.003), odds ratio 16.7 (95% CI 2.0, 194.7). The overall frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis was also significantly higher during the pandemic period (73% vs 26%; P <0.007), odds ratio 7.5 (95% CI 1.7, 33.5). None of the individuals tested positive for COVID-19. Presentations of people aged <18 years to the emergency department decreased by 27% in the pandemic period compared to the average of the pre-pandemic periods (4799 vs 6550; range 6268 to 7131). CONCLUSIONS A significant increase in the frequency of severe diabetic ketoacidosis at presentation of type 1 diabetes was observed during the initial period of COVID-19 restrictions. We hypothesize that concern about presenting to hospital during a pandemic led to a delay in diagnosis. These data have important implications for advocacy of seeking healthcare for non-pandemic-related conditions during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Lawrence
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - R. Seckold
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - C. Smart
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - B. R. King
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - P. Howley
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences/StatisticsUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - R. Feltrin
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - T. A. Smith
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - R. Roy
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
| | - P. Lopez
- John Hunter Children’s HospitalNewcastleNSWAustralia
- Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastleNSWAustralia
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastleNSWAustralia
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50
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Sk MF, Jonniya NA, Roy R, Poddar S, Kar P. Computational Investigation of Structural Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Methyltransferase-Stimulatory Factor Heterodimer nsp16/nsp10 Bound to the Cofactor SAM. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:590165. [PMID: 33330626 PMCID: PMC7732651 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.590165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a highly contagious novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged, posing a global threat to public health. Identifying a potential target and developing vaccines or antiviral drugs is an urgent demand in the absence of approved therapeutic agents. The 5'-capping mechanism of eukaryotic mRNA and some viruses such as coronaviruses (CoVs) are essential for maintaining the RNA stability and protein translation in the virus. SARS-CoV-2 encodes S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferase (MTase) enzyme characterized by nsp16 (2'-O-MTase) for generating the capped structure. The present study highlights the binding mechanism of nsp16 and nsp10 to identify the role of nsp10 in MTase activity. Furthermore, we investigated the conformational dynamics and energetics behind the binding of SAM to nsp16 and nsp16/nsp10 heterodimer by employing molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with the Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) method. We observed from our simulations that the presence of nsp10 increases the favorable van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between SAM and nsp16. Thus, nsp10 acts as a stimulator for the strong binding of SAM to nsp16. The hydrophobic interactions were predominately identified for the nsp16-nsp10 interactions. Also, the stable hydrogen bonds between Ala83 (nsp16) and Tyr96 (nsp10), and between Gln87 (nsp16) and Leu45 (nsp10) play a vital role in the dimerization of nsp16 and nsp10. Besides, Computational Alanine Scanning (CAS) mutagenesis was performed, which revealed hotspot mutants, namely I40A, V104A, and R86A for the dimer association. Hence, the dimer interface of nsp16/nsp10 could also be a potential target in retarding the 2'-O-MTase activity in SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic and thermodynamic process of binding nsp16 and nsp10 that will contribute to the novel design of peptide inhibitors based on nsp16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Parimal Kar
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa, India
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