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Dunning TH, Xu LT. Electronic structure of Li 1,2,3 +,0,- and nature of the bonding in Li 2,3 +,0,. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:405-418. [PMID: 37966878 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study of the small lithium molecules Li2 +,0,- and Li3 +,0,- focuses on the nature of the bonding in these molecules as well as their structures and energetics (bond energies, ionization energies, and electron affinities). Valence CASSCF (2s,2p) calculations incorporate nondynamical electron correlation in the calculations, while the corresponding multireference configuration interaction and coupled cluster calculations incorporate dynamical electron correlation. Treatment of nondynamical correlation is critical for properly describing the Li2,3 +,0,- molecules as well as the Li- anion with dynamical correlation, in general, only fine-tuning the predictions. All lithium molecules and ions are bound, with the Li3 + and Li2 + ions being the most strongly bound, followed by Li3 - , Li2 , Li2 - and Li3 . The minimum energy structures of Li3 +,0,- are, respectively, an equilateral triangle, an isosceles triangle, and a linear structure. The results of SCGVB calculations are analyzed to obtain insights into the nature of the bonding in these molecules. An important finding of this work is that interstitial orbitals, a concept first put forward by McAdon and Goddard in 1985, play an essential role in the bonding of all lithium molecules considered here except for Li2 . The interstitial orbitals found in the Li3 +,0 molecules likely give rise to the non-nuclear attractors/maxima observed in these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lu T Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Opoku E, Pawłowski F, Ortiz JV. Electron Propagator Theory of Vertical Electron Detachment Energies of Anions: Benchmarks and Applications to Nucleotides. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1085-1101. [PMID: 36656801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of ab initio electron-propagator self-energy approximations that are free of adjustable parameters is tested on a benchmark set of 55 vertical electron detachment energies of closed-shell anions. Comparisons with older self-energy approximations indicate that several new methods that make the diagonal self-energy approximation in the canonical Hartree-Fock orbital basis provide superior accuracy and computational efficiency. These methods and their acronyms, mean absolute errors (in eV), and arithmetic bottlenecks expressed in terms of occupied (O) and virtual (V) orbitals are the opposite-spin, non-Dyson, diagonal second-order method (os-nD-D2, 0.2, OV2), the approximately renormalized quasiparticle third-order method (Q3+, 0.15, O2V3) and the approximately renormalized, non-Dyson, linear, third-order method (nD-L3+, 0.1, OV4). The Brueckner doubles with triple field operators (BD-T1) nondiagonal electron-propagator method provides such close agreement with coupled-cluster single, double, and perturbative triple replacement total energy differences that it may be used as an alternative means of obtaining standard data. The new methods with diagonal self-energy matrices are the foundation of a composite procedure for estimating basis-set effects. This model produces accurate predictions and clear interpretations based on Dyson orbitals for the photoelectron spectra of the nucleotides found in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Opoku
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - Filip Pawłowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - J V Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
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3
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Gao Z, Cheng X, Zhao M. Ab initio diffusion quantum Monte Carlo study of the structural and electronic properties of small Lithium-Chloride LinCl (0,1+) (n = 1–7) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Brito BGA, Hai GQ, Cândido L. Quantum Monte Carlo simulation for the many-body decomposition of the interaction energy and electron correlation of small superalkali lithium clusters. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:014303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5099479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. G. A. Brito
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais e Educação (ICENE), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro - UFTM, 38064-200, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - G.-Q. Hai
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - L. Cândido
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, 74001-970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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5
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Azizi A, Momen R, Xu T, Kirk SR, Jenkins S. Non-nuclear attractors in small charged lithium clusters, Li mq (m = 2-5, q = ±1), with QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force partitioning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24695-24707. [PMID: 30225484 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05214j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation we explore the function and existence of the non-nuclear attractor (NNA) for a series of small charged lithium clusters Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) using QTAIM and the Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning schemes. The NNAs were found to be present in all of the Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) clusters for QTAIM, in contrast none were found for F(r). We discovered that the anionic and cationic lithium dimers are limiting cases for minimal and maximal impact of the NNA related to the relative sparseness of total charge density ρ(r) distributions respectively. Evidence is found that the NNA in the anionic dimer is in the process of being annihilated by two neighboring BCPs. We provide a measure of the size of the NNA and find for Limq (m = 2-5, q = ±1) that larger NNAs correlate with increased Li-Li separations. The NNA was determined to be a persistent feature by varying the Li separations for the cationic and anionic dimers. Very large Li separations failed to induce an NNA in the F(r) anionic dimer and therefore we conclude that F(r) is unable to detect NNAs. The metallicity ξ(rb) was also used to measure the sparseness of the distribution of ρ(r) and significant metallic character, on the basis of ξ(rb) > 1, was present for QTAIM but not for F(r), providing further evidence that F(r) cannot detect NNAs. Advantages of the use of Ehrenfest force F(r) partitioning scheme are discussed that include the design of nano-devices through tuning of the Ehrenfest potential VF(b) by the application of external forces such as a constant electric or strain field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azizi
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Resource Fine-Processing and Advanced Materials of Hunan Province of MOE, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.
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6
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Mojica-Sánchez JP, Flores-Moreno R, Pineda-Urbina K, Gómez-Sandoval Z. Exploring the Structure, Energetic, and Magnetic Properties of Neutral Small Lithium Clusters Doped with Yttrium: Supermagnetic Atom Research. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11252-11261. [PMID: 31459233 PMCID: PMC6645110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations based on magnetic and energetic stability criteria were performed to study a series of yttrium-doped lithium neutral clusters. A relativistic approximation was employed to properly describe the energy and multiplicity of the given clusters' fundamental states. The interaction of the 4d-Y atomic orbitals with the sp-Li states had an important role in the magnetic and energetic behavior of the selected systems. The spin density was concentrated over the yttrium atom regardless of the size of the cluster. Li7Y is a new stable superatom due to its enhanced magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Mojica-Sánchez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col. C.P. 28400, México
| | - Roberto Flores-Moreno
- Departamento
de Química, Grupo de Estructura de la Materia, Universidad Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara, Jalisco C.P. 44430, México
| | - Kayim Pineda-Urbina
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col. C.P. 28400, México
| | - Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
de Colima, Carretera Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima Col. C.P. 28400, México
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7
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El Bakouri O, Postils V, Garcia-Borràs M, Duran M, Luis JM, Calvello S, Soncini A, Matito E, Feixas F, Solà M. Metal Cluster Electrides: A New Type of Molecular Electride with Delocalised Polyattractor Character. Chemistry 2018; 24:9853-9859. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ouissam El Bakouri
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Verònica Postils
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Marc Garcia-Borràs
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Miquel Duran
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep M. Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Simone Calvello
- School of Chemistry; University of Melbourne; VIC 3010 Australia
| | | | - Eduard Matito
- Kimika Fakultatea; Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC); P.K. 1072 20080 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science; 48011 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; C/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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8
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Zhang J, Zhao L, Feng X, Zhang H, Zhang M, Luo Y. First-Principles Investigation of Trimetallic Clusters: GaMnLi
n
(n = 1–12). J CLUST SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-017-1226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Brito BGA, Hai GQ, Cândido L. A quantum Monte Carlo study of the structural and electronic properties of small cationic and neutral lithium clusters. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:174306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. G. A. Brito
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais e Educação (ICENE), Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro - UFTM, 38064-200 Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - G.-Q. Hai
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ladir Cândido
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás - UFG, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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10
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Zhang X, Ganteför G, Alexandrova AN, Bowen K. Photoelectron spectroscopic and computational study of the PtMgH3,5− cluster anions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:19345-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03243e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The two cluster anions, PtMgH3− and PtMgH5−, were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Gerd Ganteför
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - Anastassia N. Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Los Angeles
- USA
- California NanoSystems Institute
| | - Kit Bowen
- Department of Chemistry
- Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
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11
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Hu HS, Zhao YF, Hammond JR, Bylaska EJ, Aprà E, van Dam HJ, Li J, Govind N, Kowalski K. Theoretical studies of the global minima and polarizabilities of small lithium clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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13
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Binding energies of small lithium clusters: A comparison of different theoretical calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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14
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Silva MX, Galvão BRL, Belchior JC. Growth analysis of sodium-potassium alloy clusters from 7 to 55 atoms through a genetic algorithm approach. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2421. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Liu G, Ganteför G, Bowen KH, Alexandrova AN. PtZnH5(-), A σ-Aromatic Cluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1596-1601. [PMID: 26270102 DOI: 10.1021/jz500322n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report a joint photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical study of the PtZnH5(-) cluster anion. This cluster exhibited an unprecedented planar pentagonal coordination for Pt and an unusual stability and high intensity in the mass spectrum. Both are due to the σ-aromaticity found in the H5-cycle supported by the 5d orbitals on the Pt atom. σ-Aromaticity in all-H systems has been predicted in the past but never found in experimentally observed species. Besides fundamental importance, mixed transition-metal hydrides can be found as intermediates in catalytic processes, and thus, the unexpected stability facilitated by σ-aromaticity can be appreciated also in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Gerd Ganteför
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H Bowen
- †Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- §California NanoSystems Institute, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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16
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Shen L, Dadras J, Alexandrova AN. Pure and Zn-doped Pt clusters go flat and upright on MgO(100). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26436-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01877j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Feng X, Zhang H, Zhao L, Luo Y, Cao W. Magnetic Superatoms in VLin (n = 1–13) Clusters: A First-Principles Prediction. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13025-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Youhua Luo
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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19
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Communication: New insight into electronic shells of metal clusters: Analogues of simple molecules. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:141101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4801860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Shao P, Kuang XY, Ding LP, Zhong MM, Wang ZH. Evolution of geometrical structures, stabilities and electronic properties of neutral and anionic LinCuλ(n = 1–9,λ = 0, −1) clusters: compare with pure lithium clusters. Mol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2012.737036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Abstract
The potential energy surface of the hypothetical NaMgAlSiPSCl system (heavy periodane) is exhaustively analyzed via the gradient embedded genetic algorithm (GEGA) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) computations. The electronegativity differences among the elements in both the second and third rows of the periodic table indicate that low-energy heavy periodane structures are obtained when highly electronegative and electropositive elements are bound together, but the global minimum of the heavy periodane system is completely different to its second-row analog (LiBeBCNOF).
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22
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Tug of war between AO-hybridization and aromaticity in dictating structures of Li-doped alkali clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Zhang J, Alexandrova AN. Double σ-Aromaticity in a Surface-Deposited Cluster: Pd4 on TiO2 (110). J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:751-754. [PMID: 26286284 DOI: 10.1021/jz300158s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report double σ-aromaticity in a surface-deposited cluster, Pd4, on the TiO2 (110) surface. In the gas phase, Pd4 adopts a tetrahedral structure. However, surface binding promotes a flat, σ-aromatic cluster. This is the first time aromaticity has been found in surface-deposited clusters. The concept of aromaticity is expected to become instrumental in predicting and interpreting properties of such systems, much like it is for isolated molecules and clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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24
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Crigger C, Wittmaack BK, Tawfik M, Merino G, Donald KJ. Plane and simple: planar tetracoordinate carbon centers in small molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:14775-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp41986f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Koyasu K, Ohtaki T, Misaizu F. Temperature Dependence of Ion Mobility of Carbon Cluster Cations: Intermediate Region Connecting Low- and High-Field Conditions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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26
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Li YF, Mao AJ, Li Y, Kuang XY. Density functional study on size-dependent structures, stabilities, electronic and magnetic properties of Au n M (M = Al and Si, n = 1–9) clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters. J Mol Model 2011; 18:3061-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1317-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Shestakov MV, Tikhomirov VK, Kirilenko D, Kuznetsov AS, Chibotaru LF, Baranov AN, Van Tendeloo G, Moshchalkov VV. Quantum cutting in Li (770 nm) and Yb (1000 nm) co-dopant emission bands by energy transfer from the ZnO nano-crystalline host. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:15955-15964. [PMID: 21934959 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.015955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Li-Yb co-doped nano-crystalline ZnO has been synthesized by a method of thermal growth from the salt mixtures. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy confirm the doping and indicate that the dopants may form Li-Li and Yb(3+)-Li based nanoclusters. When pumped into the conduction and exciton absorption bands of ZnO between 250 to 425 nm, broad emission bands of about 100 nm half-height-width are excited around 770 and 1000 nm, due to Li and Yb dopants, respectively. These emission bands are activated by energy transfer from the ZnO host mostly by quantum cutting processes, which generate pairs of quanta in Li (770 nm) and Yb (1000 nm) emission bands, respectively, out of one quantum absorbed by the ZnO host. These quantum cutting phenomena have great potential for application in the down-conversion layers coupled to the Si solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Shestakov
- INPAC - Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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