1
|
Li M, Liu H, Zhuang S, Goda K. Droplet flow cytometry for single-cell analysis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20944-20960. [PMID: 35479393 PMCID: PMC9034116 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The interrogation of single cells has revolutionised biology and medicine by providing crucial unparalleled insights into cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Flow cytometry (including fluorescence-activated cell sorting) is one of the most versatile and high-throughput approaches for single-cell analysis by detecting multiple fluorescence parameters of individual cells in aqueous suspension as they flow past through a focus of excitation lasers. However, this approach relies on the expression of cell surface and intracellular biomarkers, which inevitably lacks spatial and temporal phenotypes and activities of cells, such as secreted proteins, extracellular metabolite production, and proliferation. Droplet microfluidics has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the encapsulation and manipulation of thousands to millions of individual cells within pico-litre microdroplets. Integrating flow cytometry with microdroplet architectures surrounded by aqueous solutions (e.g., water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion and hydrogel droplets) opens avenues for new cellular assays linking cell phenotypes to genotypes at the single-cell level. In this review, we discuss the capabilities and applications of droplet flow cytometry (DFC). This unique technique uses standard commercially available flow cytometry instruments to characterise or select individual microdroplets containing single cells of interest. We explore current challenges associated with DFC and present our visions for future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Hangrui Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Siyuan Zhuang
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University Sydney NSW 2109 Australia
| | - Keisuke Goda
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University 430072 Hubei PR China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sivakumar R, Lee NY. Microfluidic device fabrication mediated by surface chemical bonding. Analyst 2020; 145:4096-4110. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses on various bonding techniques for fabricating microdevices with a special emphasis on the modification of surface assisted by the use of chemicals to assemble microfluidic devices at room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajamanickam Sivakumar
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Engineering
- College of Industrial Environmental Engineering
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| | - Nae Yoon Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology
- Gachon University
- Seongnam-si
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Castro-Giner F, Scheidmann MC, Aceto N. Beyond Enumeration: Functional and Computational Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells to Investigate Cancer Metastasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:34. [PMID: 29520361 PMCID: PMC5827555 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are defined as those cells that detach from a cancerous lesion and enter the bloodstream. While generally most CTCs are subjected to high shear stress, anoikis signals, and immune attack in the circulatory system, few are able to survive and reach a distant organ in a viable state, possibly leading to metastasis formation. A large number of studies, both prospective and retrospective, have highlighted the association between CTC abundance and bad prognosis in patients with various cancer types. Yet, beyond CTC enumeration, much less is known about the distinction between metastatic and nonmetastatic CTCs, namely those features that enable only some CTCs to survive and seed a cancerous lesion at a distant site. In addition, critical aspects such as CTC heterogeneity, mechanisms that trigger CTC intravasation and extravasation, as well as vulnerabilities of metastatic CTCs subpopulations are poorly understood. In this short review, we highlight recent studies that successfully adopted functional and computational analysis to gain insights into CTC biology. We also discuss approaches to overcome challenges that are associated with CTC isolation, molecular and computational analysis, and speculate regarding few open questions that currently frame the CTC research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesc Castro-Giner
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Scheidmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Nicola Aceto,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia J, Qiu Y, Xun X, Ma L, Guan J, Su M. Single cell patterning for high throughput sub-cellular toxicity assay. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1007:26-32. [PMID: 29405985 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell population based toxicity assays cannot distinguish responses of single cells and sub-cellular organelles; while single cell assays are limited by low statistical power due to small number of cells examined. This article reports a new single cell array based toxicity assay, in which cell responses at population level, single cell level and sub-cellular level can be obtained simultaneously at high throughput. The single cell array was produced by microcontact printing and selected area cell attachment, and exposed to damaging X-ray radiation, which was followed by fluorescence imaging after staining. Two image processing softwares written in Python and MATLAB were used to determine the expressions of proteins associated with cell migration and invasion, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. The results showed significant differences in responses at single cell level and distinctive molecular heterogeneity at sub-cellular level in a large population of cells upon exposure to radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Xia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuting Qiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaojie Xun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liyuan Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Ming Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang C, Liu W, Tan M, Sun H, Yu Y. An open-pattern droplet-in-oil planar array for single cell analysis based on sequential inkjet printing technology. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:044106. [PMID: 28794816 PMCID: PMC5519398 DOI: 10.1063/1.4995294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity represents a fundamental principle of cell biology for which a readily available single-cell research tool is urgently required. Here, we present a novel method combining cell-sized well arrays with sequential inkjet printing. Briefly, K562 cells with phosphate buffer saline buffer were captured at high efficiency (74.5%) in a cell-sized well as a "primary droplet" and sealed using fluorinated oil. Then, piezoelectric inkjet printing technology was adapted to precisely inject the cell lysis buffer and the fluorogenic substrate, fluorescein-di-β-D-galactopyranoside, as a "secondary droplet" to penetrate the sealing oil and fuse with the "primary droplet." We thereby successfully measured the intracellular β-galactosidase activity of K562 cells at the single-cell level. Our method allows, for the first time, the ability to simultaneously accommodate the high occupancy rate of single cells and sequential addition of reagents while retaining an open structure. We believe that the feasibility and flexibility of our method will enhance its use as a universal single-cell research tool as well as accelerate the adoption of inkjet printing in the study of cellular heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hongbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elitas M, Sadeghi S, Karamahmutoglu H, Gozuacik D, Serdar Turhal N. Microfabricated platforms to quantitatively investigate cellular behavior under the influence of chemical gradients. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa7400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
7
|
Bartucci M, Ferrari AC, Kim IY, Ploss A, Yarmush M, Sabaawy HE. Personalized Medicine Approaches in Prostate Cancer Employing Patient Derived 3D Organoids and Humanized Mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:64. [PMID: 27446916 PMCID: PMC4917534 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death in Western men. Despite its prevalence, PCa has proven very difficult to propagate in vitro. PCa represents a complex organ-like multicellular structure maintained by the dynamic interaction of tumoral cells with parenchymal stroma, endothelial and immune cells, and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The lack of PCa models that recapitulate this intricate system has hampered progress toward understanding disease progression and lackluster therapeutic responses. Tissue slices, monolayer cultures and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) fail to mimic the complexities of the PCa microenvironment or reproduce the diverse mechanisms of therapy resistance. Moreover, patient derived xenografts (PDXs) are expensive, time consuming, difficult to establish for prostate cancer, lack immune cell-tumor regulation, and often tumors undergo selective engraftments. Here, we describe an interdisciplinary approach using primary PCa and tumor initiating cells (TICs), three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering, genetic and morphometric profiling, and humanized mice to generate patient-derived organoids for examining personalized therapeutic responses in vitro and in mice co-engrafted with a human immune system (HIS), employing adaptive T-cell- and chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR) immunotherapy. The development of patient specific therapies targeting the vulnerabilities of cancer, when combined with antiproliferative and immunotherapy approaches could help to achieve the full transformative power of cancer precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bartucci
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Anna C Ferrari
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Isaac Yi Kim
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrinceton, NJ, USA
| | - Martin Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hatem E Sabaawy
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS)-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers UniversityNew Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Single-Cell Mechanical Properties: Label-Free Biomarkers for Cell Status Evaluation. SERIES IN BIOENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-49118-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
9
|
Huang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Wu H. Centrifugation-Assisted Single-Cell Trapping in a Truncated Cone-Shaped Microwell Array Chip for the Real-Time Observation of Cellular Apoptosis. Anal Chem 2015; 87:12169-76. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yin Chen
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangfan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Biomedical
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Microfluidic impedance flow cytometry enabling high-throughput single-cell electrical property characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9804-30. [PMID: 25938973 PMCID: PMC4463619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent developments in microfluidic impedance flow cytometry for high-throughput electrical property characterization of single cells. Four major perspectives of microfluidic impedance flow cytometry for single-cell characterization are included in this review: (1) early developments of microfluidic impedance flow cytometry for single-cell electrical property characterization; (2) microfluidic impedance flow cytometry with enhanced sensitivity; (3) microfluidic impedance and optical flow cytometry for single-cell analysis and (4) integrated point of care system based on microfluidic impedance flow cytometry. We examine the advantages and limitations of each technique and discuss future research opportunities from the perspectives of both technical innovation and clinical applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hochstetter A, Stellamanns E, Deshpande S, Uppaluri S, Engstler M, Pfohl T. Microfluidics-based single cell analysis reveals drug-dependent motility changes in trypanosomes. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:1961-8. [PMID: 25756872 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a single cell viability assay, based on chemical gradient microfluidics in combination with optical micromanipulation. Here, we used this combination to in situ monitor the effects of drugs and chemicals on the motility of the flagellated unicellular parasite Trypanosoma brucei; specifically, the local cell velocity and the mean squared displacement (MSD) of the cell trajectories. With our method, we are able to record in situ cell fixation by glutaraldehyde, and to quantify the critical concentration of 2-deoxy-d-glucose required to completely paralyze trypanosomes. In addition, we detected and quantified the impact on cell propulsion and energy generation at much lower 2-deoxy-d-glucose concentrations. Our microfluidics-based approach advances fast cell-based drug testing in a way that allows us to distinguish cytocidal from cytostatic drug effects, screen effective dosages, and investigate the impact on cell motility of drugs and chemicals. Using suramin, we could reveal the impact of the widely used drug on trypanosomes: suramin lowers trypanosome motility and induces cell-lysis after endocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hochstetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fitzgerald V, Manning B, O’Donnell B, O’Reilly B, O’Sullivan D, O’Kennedy R, Leonard P. Exploiting Highly Ordered Subnanoliter Volume Microcapillaries as Microtools for the Analysis of Antibody Producing Cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:997-1003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Fitzgerald
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian Manning
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Barry O’Donnell
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian O’Reilly
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot O’Sullivan
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O’Kennedy
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Witte C, Kremer C, Chanasakulniyom M, Reboud J, Wilson R, Cooper JM, Neale SL. Spatially selecting a single cell for lysis using light-induced electric fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3026-31. [PMID: 24719234 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An optoelectronic tweezing (OET) device, within an integrated microfluidic channel, is used to precisely select single cells for lysis among dense populations. Cells to be lysed are exposed to higher electrical fields than their neighbours by illuminating a photoconductive film underneath them. Using beam spot sizes as low as 2.5 μm, 100% lysis efficiency is reached in <1 min allowing the targeted lysis of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Witte
- University of Glasgow, Division of Biomedical Engineering, G12 8LT, Scotland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parameter screening in microfluidics based hydrodynamic single-cell trapping. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:929163. [PMID: 25013872 PMCID: PMC4070438 DOI: 10.1155/2014/929163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic cell-based arraying technology is widely used in the field of single-cell analysis. However, among developed devices, there is a compromise between cellular loading efficiencies and trapped cell densities, which deserves further analysis and optimization. To address this issue, the cell trapping efficiency of a microfluidic device with two parallel micro channels interconnected with cellular trapping sites was studied in this paper. By regulating channel inlet and outlet status, the microfluidic trapping structure can mimic key functioning units of previously reported devices. Numerical simulations were used to model this cellular trapping structure, quantifying the effects of channel on/off status and trapping structure geometries on the cellular trapping efficiency. Furthermore, the microfluidic device was fabricated based on conventional microfabrication and the cellular trapping efficiency was quantified in experiments. Experimental results showed that, besides geometry parameters, cellular travelling velocities and sizes also affected the single-cell trapping efficiency. By fine tuning parameters, more than 95% of trapping sites were taken by individual cells. This study may lay foundation in further studies of single-cell positioning in microfluidics and push forward the study of single-cell analysis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Angle-resolved light scattering of individual rod-shaped bacteria based on Fourier transform light scattering. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5090. [PMID: 24867385 PMCID: PMC4035574 DOI: 10.1038/srep05090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional angle-resolved light scattering maps of individual rod-shaped bacteria are measured at the single-cell level. Using quantitative phase imaging and Fourier transform light scattering techniques, the light scattering patterns of individual bacteria in four rod-shaped species (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus casei, Synechococcus elongatus, and Escherichia coli) are measured with unprecedented sensitivity in a broad angular range from −70° to 70°. The measured light scattering patterns are analyzed along the two principal axes of rod-shaped bacteria in order to systematically investigate the species-specific characteristics of anisotropic light scattering. In addition, the cellular dry mass of individual bacteria is calculated and used to demonstrate that the cell-to-cell variations in light scattering within bacterial species is related to the cellular dry mass and growth.
Collapse
|
16
|
Modulation of the cAMP response by Gαi and Gβγ: a computational study of G protein signaling in immune cells. Bull Math Biol 2014; 76:1352-75. [PMID: 24809944 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-014-9964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP is important for the resolution of inflammation, as it promotes anti-inflammatory signaling in several immune cell lines. In this paper, we present an immune cell specific model of the cAMP signaling cascade, paying close attention to the specific isoforms of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and phosphodiesterase that control cAMP production and degradation, respectively, in these cells. The model describes the role that G protein subunits, including Gαs, Gαi, and Gβγ, have in regulating cAMP production. Previously, Gαi activation has been shown to increase the level of cAMP in certain immune cell types. This increase in cAMP is thought to be mediated by βγ subunits which are released upon Gα activation and can directly stimulate specific isoforms of AC. We conduct numerical experiments in order to explore the mechanisms through which Gαi activation can increase cAMP production. An important conclusion of our analysis is that the relative abundance of different G protein subunits is an essential determinant of the cAMP profile in immune cells. In particular, our model predicts that limited availability of βγ subunits may both (i) enable immune cells to link inflammatory Gαi signaling to anti-inflammatory cAMP production thereby creating a balanced immune response to stimulation with low concentrations of PGE2, and (ii) prohibit robust anti-inflammatory cAMP signaling in response to stimulation with high concentrations of PGE2.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qi A, Hoo SP, Friend J, Yeo L, Yue Z, Chan PPY. Hydroxypropyl cellulose methacrylate as a photo-patternable and biodegradable hybrid paper substrate for cell culture and other bioapplications. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:543-54. [PMID: 24039172 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the choice of appropriate material properties of the tissue construct to be used, such as its biocompatibility, biodegradability, cytocompatibility, and mechanical rigidity, the ability to incorporate microarchitectural patterns in the construct to mimic that found in the cellular microenvironment is an important consideration in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Both these issues are addressed by demonstrating a method for preparing biodegradable and photo-patternable constructs, where modified cellulose is cross-linked to form an insoluble structure in an aqueous environment. Specifically, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) is rendered photocrosslinkable by grafting with methylacrylic anhydride, whose linkages also render the cross-linked construct hydrolytically degradable. The HPC is then cross-linked via a photolithography-based fabrication process. The feasibility of functionalizing these HPC structures with biochemical cues is verified post-fabrication, and shown to facilitate the adhesion of mesenchymal progenitor cells. The HPC constructs are shown to be biocompatible and hydrolytically degradable, thus enabling cell proliferation and cell migration, and therefore constituting an ideal candidate for long-term cell culture and implantable tissue scaffold applications. In addition, the potential of the HPC structure is demonstrated as an alternative substrate to paper microfluidic diagnostic devices for protein and cell assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Qi
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory; RMIT University; Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Siew Pei Hoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Monash University; Clayton VIC 3800 Australia
| | - James Friend
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory; RMIT University; Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Leslie Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory; RMIT University; Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Zhilian Yue
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research; Institute University of Wollongong; Australia
| | - Peggy P. Y. Chan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory; RMIT University; Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jones MC, Kobie JJ, Delouise LA. Characterization of cell seeding and specific capture of B cells in microbubble well arrays. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 15:453-63. [PMID: 23358874 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of micro-well array systems for use in high-throughput screening of rare cells requires a detailed understanding of the factors that impact the specific capture of cells in wells and the distribution statistics of the number of cells deposited into wells. In this study we investigate the development of microbubble (MB) well array technology for sorting antigen-specific B-cells. Using Poisson statistics we delineate the important role that the fractional area of MB well opening and the cell seeding density have on determining cell seeding distribution in wells. The unique architecture of the MB well hinders captured cells from escaping the well and provides a unique microenvironmental niche that enables media changes as needed for extended cell culture. Using cell lines and primary B and T cells isolated from human peripheral blood we demonstrate the use of affinity capture agents coated in the MB wells to enrich for the selective capture of B cells. Important differences were noted in the efficacy of bovine serum albumin to block the nonspecific adsorption of primary cells relative to cell lines as well as the efficacy of the capture coatings using mixed primary B and T cells samples. These results emphasize the importance of using primary cells in technology development and suggest the need to utilize B cell capture agents that are insensitive to cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Through manipulating fluids using microfabricated channel and chamber structures, microfluidics is a powerful tool to realize high sensitive, high speed, high throughput, and low cost analysis. In addition, the method can establish a well-controlled microenivroment for manipulating fluids and particles. It also has rapid growing implementations in both sophisticated chemical/biological analysis and low-cost point-of-care assays. Some unique phenomena emerge at the micrometer scale. For example, reactions are completed in a shorter amount of time as the travel distances of mass and heat are relatively small; the flows are usually laminar; and the capillary effect becomes dominant owing to large surface-to-volume ratios. In the meantime, the surface properties of the device material are greatly amplified, which can lead to either unique functions or problems that we would not encounter at the macroscale. Also, each material inherently corresponds with specific microfabrication strategies and certain native properties of the device. Therefore, the material for making the device plays a dominating role in microfluidic technologies. In this Account, we address the evolution of materials used for fabricating microfluidic chips, and discuss the application-oriented pros and cons of different materials. This Account generally follows the order of the materials introduced to microfluidics. Glass and silicon, the first generation microfluidic device materials, are perfect for capillary electrophoresis and solvent-involved applications but expensive for microfabriaction. Elastomers enable low-cost rapid prototyping and high density integration of valves on chip, allowing complicated and parallel fluid manipulation and in-channel cell culture. Plastics, as competitive alternatives to elastomers, are also rapid and inexpensive to microfabricate. Their broad variety provides flexible choices for different needs. For example, some thermosets support in-situ fabrication of arbitrary 3D structures, while some perfluoropolymers are extremely inert and antifouling. Chemists can use hydrogels as highly permeable structural material, which allows diffusion of molecules without bulk fluid flows. They are used to support 3D cell culture, to form diffusion gradient, and to serve as actuators. Researchers have recently introduced paper-based devices, which are extremely low-cost to prepare and easy to use, thereby promising in commercial point-of-care assays. In general, the evolution of chip materials reflects the two major trends of microfluidic technology: powerful microscale research platforms and low-cost portable analyses. For laboratory research, chemists choosing materials generally need to compromise the ease in prototyping and the performance of the device. However, in commercialization, the major concerns are the cost of production and the ease and reliability in use. There may be new growth in the combination of surface engineering, functional materials, and microfluidics, which is possibly accomplished by the utilization of composite materials or hybrids for advanced device functions. Also, significant expanding of commercial applications can be predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
High-throughput single-cell analysis of low copy number β-galactosidase by a laboratory-built high-sensitivity flow cytometer. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 48:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.03.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
21
|
Mu X, Zheng W, Sun J, Zhang W, Jiang X. Microfluidics for manipulating cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2013; 9:9-21. [PMID: 22933509 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics, a toolbox comprising methods for precise manipulation of fluids at small length scales (micrometers to millimeters), has become useful for manipulating cells. Its uses range from dynamic management of cellular interactions to high-throughput screening of cells, and to precise analysis of chemical contents in single cells. Microfluidics demonstrates a completely new perspective and an excellent practical way to manipulate cells for solving various needs in biology and medicine. This review introduces and comments on recent achievements and challenges of using microfluidics to manipulate and analyze cells. It is believed that microfluidics will assume an even greater role in the mechanistic understanding of cell biology and, eventually, in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11, Beiyitiao, ZhongGuanCun, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Streets AM, Huang Y. Chip in a lab: Microfluidics for next generation life science research. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:11302. [PMID: 23460772 PMCID: PMC3574129 DOI: 10.1063/1.4789751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic circuits are characterized by fluidic channels and chambers with a linear dimension on the order of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Components of this size enable lab-on-a-chip technology that has much promise, for example, in the development of point-of-care diagnostics. Micro-scale fluidic circuits also yield practical, physical, and technological advantages for studying biological systems, enhancing the ability of researchers to make more precise quantitative measurements. Microfluidic technology has thus become a powerful tool in the life science research laboratory over the past decade. Here we focus on chip-in-a-lab applications of microfluidics and survey some examples of how small fluidic components have provided researchers with new tools for life science research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Streets
- Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ; College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Revealing non-genetic adhesive variations in clonal populations by comparative single-cell force spectroscopy. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:2155-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Stougaard M, Juul S, Andersen FF, Knudsen BR. Strategies for highly sensitive biomarker detection by Rolling Circle Amplification of signals from nucleic acid composed sensors. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:982-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ib00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|