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Hu Z, Xu Z, Chen G. Vibration-mediated resonant charge separation across the donor-acceptor interface in an organic photovoltaic device. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:154703. [PMID: 33887946 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Examination of a recent open-system Ehrenfest dynamics simulation suggests that a vibration-mediate resonance may play a pivotal role in the charge transfer across a donor-acceptor interface in an organic solar cell. Based on this, a concise dissipative two-level electronic system coupled to a molecular vibrational mode is proposed and solved quantum mechanically. It is found that the charge transfer is enhanced substantially when the vibrational energy quanta is equal to the electronic energy loss across the interface. This vibration-mediate resonant charge transfer process is ultrafast, occurring within 100 fs, comparable to experimental findings. The open-system Ehrenfest dynamics simulation of the two-level model is carried out, and similar results are obtained, which confirms further that the earlier open-system Ehrenfest dynamics simulation indeed correctly predicted the occurrence of the resonant charge transfer across the donor-acceptor interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Yang J, Pei Z, Deng J, Mao Y, Wu Q, Yang Z, Wang B, Aikens CM, Liang W, Shao Y. Analysis and visualization of energy densities. I. Insights from real-time time-dependent density functional theory simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:26838-26851. [PMID: 33170198 PMCID: PMC7722154 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04206d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report a scheme to analyze and visualize the energy density fluctuations during the real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) simulations. Using Ag4-N2 complexes as examples, it is shown that the grid-based Kohn-Sham energy density can be computed at each time step using a procedure from Nakai and coworkers. Then the instantaneous energy of each molecular fragment (such as Ag4 and N2) can be obtained by partitioning the Kohn-Sham energy densities using Becke or fragment-based Hirshfeld (FBH) scheme. A strong orientation-dependence is observed for the energy flow between the Ag4 cluster and a nearby N2 molecule in the RT-TDDFT simulations. Future applications of such an energy density analysis in electron dynamics simulations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Pkwy, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
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3
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Kuda-Singappulige GU, Wildman A, Lingerfelt DB, Li X, Aikens CM. Ultrafast Nonradiative Decay of a Dipolar Plasmon-like State in Naphthalene. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:9729-9737. [PMID: 33181013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the uncertainty in our understanding of ultrafast plasmon decay mechanisms, we examine the effect of nuclear vibrations on the dynamical behavior of the strong plasmon-like dipole response of naphthalene, known as the β peak. The real-time time-dependent density functional (RT-TDDFT) method coupled with Ehrenfest molecular dynamics is used to describe the interconnected nuclear and electronic motion. Several vibrational modes promote drastic plasmon decay in naphthalene. The most astonishing finding of this study is that activation of one particular vibrational mode (corresponding to the B1u representation in D2h point group symmetry) leads to a continuous drop of the dipole response corresponding to the β peak into a totally symmetric, dark, quadrupolar electronic state. A second B1u mode provokes the sharp plasmon-like peak to split due to the breaking of structural symmetry. Nonadiabatic coupling between a B2g vibrational mode and the β peak (a B1u electronic state) gives rise to a B3u vibronic state, which can be identified as one of the p-band peaks that reside close in energy to the β peak energy. Overall, strong nonadiabatic coupling initiates plasmon decay into nearby electronic states in acenes, most importantly into dark states. These findings expand our knowledge about possible plasmon decay processes and pave the way for achieving high optical performance in acene-based materials such as graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David B Lingerfelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States.,Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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4
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Bonafé FP, Aradi B, Hourahine B, Medrano CR, Hernández FJ, Frauenheim T, Sánchez CG. A Real-Time Time-Dependent Density Functional Tight-Binding Implementation for Semiclassical Excited State Electron–Nuclear Dynamics and Pump–Probe Spectroscopy Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4454-4469. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco P. Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Bálint Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Universitát Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ben Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, John Anderson Building, The University of Strathclyde, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow G15 6QN, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos R. Medrano
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Federico J. Hernández
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba, INFIQC (CONICET - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Ecuador 3493, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, Universitát Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science and Applied Research (CSAR) Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cristián G. Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
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5
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Xu Z, Zhou Y, Groß L, De Sio A, Yam CY, Lienau C, Frauenheim T, Chen G. Coherent Real-Space Charge Transport Across a Donor-Acceptor Interface Mediated by Vibronic Couplings. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:8630-8637. [PMID: 31698905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is growing experimental and theoretical evidence that vibronic couplings, couplings between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, play a fundamental role in ultrafast excited-state dynamics in organic donor-acceptor hybrids. Whereas vibronic coupling has been shown to support charge separation at donor-acceptor interfaces, so far, little is known about its role in the real-space transport of charges in such systems. Here we theoretically study charge transport in thiophene:fullerene stacks using time-dependent density functional tight-binding theory combined with Ehrenfest molecular dynamics for open systems. Our results reveal coherent oscillations of the charge density between neighboring donor sites, persisting for ∼200 fs and promoting charge transport within the polymer stacks. At the donor-acceptor interface, vibronic wave packets are launched, propagating coherently over distances of more than 3 nm into the acceptor region. This supports previous experimental observations of long-range ballistic charge-carrier motion in organic photovoltaic systems and highlights the importance of vibronic coupling engineering as a concept for tailoring the functionality of hybrid organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Xu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Lynn Groß
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science , University of Bremen , Am Fallturm 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , Oldenburg 26129 , Germany
| | - Chi Yung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , Oldenburg 26129 , Germany
- Research Center Neurosensory Science , Carl von Ossietzky Universität , Oldenburg 26111 , Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science , University of Bremen , Am Fallturm 1 , 28359 Bremen , Germany
| | - GuanHua Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong SAR , China
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Ramírez F, Díaz Mirón G, González Lebrero MC, Scherlis DA. QM–MM Ehrenfest dynamics from first principles: photodissociation of diazirine in aqueous solution. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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7
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Amin M, Askerka M, Batista VS, Brudvig GW, Gunner MR. X-ray Free Electron Laser Radiation Damage through the S-State Cycle of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex of Photosystem II. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9382-9388. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Amin
- Center
for Photonics and Smart Materials, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh
Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikhail Askerka
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - M. R. Gunner
- Department
of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
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Goings JJ, Lingerfelt DB, Li X. Can Quantized Vibrational Effects Be Obtained from Ehrenfest Mixed Quantum-Classical Dynamics? J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5193-5197. [PMID: 27973884 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore the question of whether mean-field or "Ehrenfest" mixed quantum-classical dynamics is capable of capturing the quantized vibrational features in photoabsorption spectra that result from infrared and Raman-active vibrational transitions. We show that vibrational and electronic absorption spectra can indeed be obtained together within a single Ehrenfest simulation. Furthermore, the electronic transitions show new sidebands that are absent in electronic dynamics simulations with fixed nuclei. Inspection of the electronic sidebands reveals that the spacing corresponds to vibrational frequencies of totally symmetric vibrational modes of the ground electronic state. A simple derivation of the time-evolving dipole in the presence of external fields and vibrational motion shows the origin of these features, demonstrating that mixed quantum-classical Ehrenfest dynamics is capable of producing infrared, Raman, and electronic absorption spectra from a single simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Goings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David B Lingerfelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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9
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Foglia NO, Morzan UN, Estrin DA, Scherlis DA, Gonzalez Lebrero MC. Role of Core Electrons in Quantum Dynamics Using TDDFT. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 13:77-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás O. Foglia
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Uriel N. Morzan
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Dario A. Estrin
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Damian A. Scherlis
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Mariano C. Gonzalez Lebrero
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física/INQUIMAE-CONICET,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pab. II, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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10
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Amin M, Badawi A, Obayya SS. Radiation Damage in XFEL: Case study from the oxygen-evolving complex of Photosystem II. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36492. [PMID: 27827423 PMCID: PMC5101503 DOI: 10.1038/srep36492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural changes induced by radiation damage in X-ray crystallography hinder the ability to understand the structure/function relationship in chemical reactions. Serial femtosecond crystallography overcomes this problem by exposing the sample to very short and intense laser pulse leading to measurement before destruction. Here we use molecular modeling to map the radiation damage during the 10-50 fs to the intensity, the energy and the time duration of the laser pulse on the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II. In the model, the nuclei move classically in a fully quantum potential created by electron density under the effect of strong laser pulse in the Ehrenfest dynamics regime. The results show that the Mn-Mn and Mn-Ca distances are less affected by radiation damage due to the their heavy masses, while one μ-oxo bridge (O5) moves significantly. The radiation damage may induce conformational changes of the water ligands but only bond elongation for the amino acids ligands. These effects are relatively intensity independent from 1016 to 1017 W/cm2, but changes increase dramatically if the beam intensity is increased to 1018 W/cm2. In addition, the self amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) nature of the laser beam does not affect the dynamics of the ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamed Amin
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Center for Photonics and Smart Materials, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Badawi
- Center for Photonics and Smart Materials, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - S. S. Obayya
- Center for Photonics and Smart Materials, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
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11
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Andermatt S, Cha J, Schiffmann F, VandeVondele J. Combining Linear-Scaling DFT with Subsystem DFT in Born–Oppenheimer and Ehrenfest Molecular Dynamics Simulations: From Molecules to a Virus in Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3214-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinwoong Cha
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Schiffmann
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre
of Policy Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Ding F, Goings JJ, Liu H, Lingerfelt DB, Li X. Ab initio two-component Ehrenfest dynamics. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:114105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4930985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feizhi Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Joshua J. Goings
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - David B. Lingerfelt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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14
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Ojanperä A, Havu V, Lehtovaara L, Puska M. Nonadiabatic Ehrenfest molecular dynamics within the projector augmented-wave method. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:144103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3700800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Suzuki Y, Yamashita K. Real-time electron dynamics simulation of two-electron transfer reactions induced by nuclear motion. Chem Phys Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yam C, Zhang Q, Wang F, Chen G. Linear-scaling quantum mechanical methods for excited states. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:3821-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15259b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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