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Kosovari M, Buffeteau T, Thomas L, Guay Bégin AA, Vellutini L, McGettrick JD, Laroche G, Durrieu MC. Silanization Strategies for Tailoring Peptide Functionalization on Silicon Surfaces: Implications for Enhancing Stem Cell Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29770-29782. [PMID: 38832565 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterial surface engineering and the integration of cell-adhesive ligands are crucial in biological research and biotechnological applications. The interplay between cells and their microenvironment, influenced by chemical and physical cues, impacts cellular behavior. Surface modification of biomaterials profoundly affects cellular responses, especially at the cell-surface interface. This work focuses on enhancing cellular activities through material manipulation, emphasizing silanization for further functionalization with bioactive molecules such as RGD peptides to improve cell adhesion. The grafting of three distinct silanes onto silicon wafers using both spin coating and immersion methods was investigated. This study sheds light on the effects of different alkyl chain lengths and protecting groups on cellular behavior, providing valuable insights into optimizing silane-based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) before peptide or protein grafting for the first time. Specifically, it challenges the common use of APTES molecules in this context. These findings advance our understanding of surface modification strategies, paving the way for tailoring biomaterial surfaces to modulate the cellular behavior for diverse biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Kosovari
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac F-33600, France
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Thierry Buffeteau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France
| | - Laurent Thomas
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France
| | - Andrée-Anne Guay Bégin
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
| | - Luc Vellutini
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, Talence F-33400, France
| | - James D McGettrick
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Gaétan Laroche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de Surface, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés, Département de Génie des Mines, de la Métallurgie et des Matériaux, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la médecine, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Hôpital St-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec G1L 3L5, Canada
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Ning J, Lei Y, Hu H, Gai C. A Comprehensive Review of Surface Acoustic Wave-Enabled Acoustic Droplet Ejection Technology and Its Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1543. [PMID: 37630082 PMCID: PMC10456473 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the development of surface acoustic wave-enabled acoustic drop ejection (SAW-ADE) technology, which utilizes surface acoustic waves to eject droplets from liquids without touching the sample. The technology offers advantages such as high throughput, high precision, non-contact, and integration with automated systems while saving samples and reagents. The article first provides an overview of the SAW-ADE technology, including its basic theory, simulation verification, and comparison with other types of acoustic drop ejection technology. The influencing factors of SAW-ADE technology are classified into four categories: fluid properties, device configuration, presence of channels or chambers, and driving signals. The influencing factors discussed in detail from various aspects, such as the volume, viscosity, and surface tension of the liquid; the type of substrate material, interdigital transducers, and the driving waveform; sessile droplets and fluid in channels/chambers; and the power, frequency, and modulation of the input signal. The ejection performance of droplets is influenced by various factors, and their optimization can be achieved by taking into account all of the above factors and designing appropriate configurations. Additionally, the article briefly introduces the application scenarios of SAW-ADE technology in bioprinters and chemical analyses and provides prospects for future development. The article contributes to the field of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technology and may help researchers to design and optimize SAW-ADE systems for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (J.N.)
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He V, Cadarso VJ, Seibt S, Boyd BJ, Neild A. A novel droplet-based approach to study phase transformations in lyotropic liquid crystalline systems. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 641:459-469. [PMID: 36948101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLC) and their phase transformations in response to stimuli have gathered much interest for controlled and 'on-demand' drug applications. Bulk methods of preparation impose limitations on studying the transformations, especially induced by compositional changes, such as enzymatic changes to lipid structure. Here we hypothesise that controlled microfluidic production and coalescence of dissimilar aqueous and lipid droplets emulsified in a third mutually immiscible liquid will provide a new approach to the spatio-temporal study of structure formation in lyotropic liquid crystalline materials. EXPERIMENTS Separate lipid and aqueous droplets, dispersed in a fluorocarbon oil were generated using a microfluidic format. The chip, prepared as a hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass microfluidic device, was constructed to enable in-situ acquisition of time-resolved synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and crossed polarised light microscopy of the coalesced droplets to determine the structures present during aging. FINDINGS Janus-like droplets formed upon coalesce, with distinct lipid and aqueous portions with a gradient between the two sides of the merged droplet. SAXS and polarised light microscopy revealed a progression of mesophases as the lipid portion was hydrated by the aqueous portion via the diffusion limited interface which separated the portions. Thus demonstrating, on a droplet scale, a new approach for studying the phase transformation kinetics and identification of non-equilibrium phase in droplet-based lyotropic liquid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent He
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Susanne Seibt
- SAXS/WAXS Beamline, Australian Synchrotron (ANSTO), 800 Blackburn Rd, Clayton, VIC 3150, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Adrian Neild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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Bracamonte AG. Current Advances in Nanotechnology for the Next Generation of Sequencing (NGS). BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:260. [PMID: 36832027 PMCID: PMC9954403 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This communication aims at discussing strategies based on developments from nanotechnology focused on the next generation of sequencing (NGS). In this regard, it should be noted that even in the advanced current situation of many techniques and methods accompanied with developments of technology, there are still existing challenges and needs focused on real samples and low concentrations of genomic materials. The approaches discussed/described adopt spectroscopical techniques and new optical setups. PCR bases are introduced to understand the role of non-covalent interactions by discussing about Nobel prizes related to genomic material detection. The review also discusses colorimetric methods, polymeric transducers, fluorescence detection methods, enhanced plasmonic techniques such as metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), semiconductors, and developments in metamaterials. In addition, nano-optics, challenges linked to signal transductions, and how the limitations reported in each technique could be overcome are considered in real samples. Accordingly, this study shows developments where optical active nanoplatforms generate signal detection and transduction with enhanced performances and, in many cases, enhanced signaling from single double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) interactions. Future perspectives on miniaturized instrumentation, chips, and devices aimed at detecting genomic material are analyzed. However, the main concept in this report derives from gained insights into nanochemistry and nano-optics. Such concepts could be incorporated into other higher-sized substrates and experimental and optical setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Guillermo Bracamonte
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina; or
- Departement de Chimie et Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Wu J, Issadore DA, Lee D. Patterning Wettability on Solvent-Resistant Elastomers with High Spatial Resolution for Replica Mold Fabrication of Droplet Microfluidics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10212-10218. [PMID: 36749848 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the surface wetting properties of channels is crucial to the robust and reliable performance of microfluidic devices. Spatially patterned hydrophobic/hydrophilic microchannels have found utility across various applications, notably in the generation of higher-order emulsions. Unfortunately, the patterning of surface wettability currently requires multistep processes with limited spatial resolution, making it impractical for many applications. In this work, we take inspiration from soft lithography and have developed a new replica mold fabrication technique wherein both the channel geometry and surface wettability are transferred from the mold to the replica. In this approach, the mold is a silicon wafer with lithographically defined features etched into its surface to define the channel geometry and lithographically defined patterns of hydrophobic silanes to define surface wetting properties. The replica is a co-polymer network of PFPE-PEG, for which PFPE can be locally enriched by the mold's patterned silanes to define the spatially patterned wetting properties. We demonstrated the utility of this approach by fabricating a PFPE-PEG-based microfluidic chip, with hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterned microchannels, to generate double emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David A Issadore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daeyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Rondelez Y, Gines G. Programmable Ultrasensitive Molecular Amplifier for Digital and Multiplex MicroRNA Quantification. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2630:89-102. [PMID: 36689178 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2982-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Digital bioassays, popularized by digital PCR, provide some of the most robust and accurate methods for nucleic acid quantification. In this chapter, we detail a protocol for digital, isothermal, and multiplex detection of microRNAs, which relies on a recently developed amplification method. Our approach uses programmable ultrasensitive molecular amplifiers (PUMAs) to reveal the presence of target microRNAs randomly isolated in picoliter-size microfluidic droplets. Nonspecific amplification in droplets that do not contain a target is eliminated by an active threshold mechanism. Multiple circuits can be assembled for the multiplex digital detection of up to three targets. We finally present the option of using fluorescent dropcodes to streamline the assay and analyze more than a dozen samples in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Rondelez
- Gulliver Laboratory, ESPCI Paris - Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Gines
- Gulliver Laboratory, ESPCI Paris - Université PSL, Paris, France.
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Rawas-Qalaji M, Cagliani R, Al-Hashimi N, Al-Dabbagh R, Al-Dabbagh A, Hussain Z. Microfluidics in drug delivery: review of methods and applications. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:61-77. [PMID: 36592376 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2162543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidics technology has emerged as a promising methodology for the fabrication of a wide variety of advanced drug delivery systems. Owing to its ability for accurate handling and processing of small quantities of fluidics as well as immense control over physicochemical properties of fabricated micro and nanoparticles (NPs), microfluidic technology has significantly improved the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. This emerging technology has offered numerous advantages over the conventional drug delivery methods for fabricating of a variety of micro and nanocarriers for poorly soluble drugs. In addition, a microfluidic system can be designed for targeted drug delivery aiming to increase the local bioavailability of drugs. This review spots the light on the recent advances made in the area of microfluidics including various methods of fabrication of drug carriers, their characterization, and unique features. Furthermore, applications of microfluidic technology for the robust fabrication and development of drug delivery systems, the existing challenges associated with conventional fabrication methodologies as well as the proposed solutions offered by microfluidic technology have been discussed in details.HighlightsMicrofluidic technology has revolutionized fabrication of tunable micro and nanocarriers.Microfluidic platforms offer several advantages over the conventional fabrication methods.Microfluidic devices hold great promise in controlling the physicochemical features of fabricated drug carriers.Micro and nanocarriers with controllable release kinetics and site-targeting efficiency can be fabricated.Drug carriers fabricated by microfluidic technology exhibited improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Roberta Cagliani
- Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noor Al-Hashimi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahma Al-Dabbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amena Al-Dabbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zahid Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute For Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Sun H, Lu Y, Chen Y, Yue Y, Jiang S, Xu X, Mei C, Xiao H, Han J. Flexible environment-tolerant electroluminescent devices based on nanocellulose-mediated transparent electrodes. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 296:119891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Halsted MC, Bible AN, Morrell-Falvey JL, Retterer ST. Quantifying biofilm propagation on chemically modified surfaces. Biofilm 2022; 4:100088. [PMID: 36303845 PMCID: PMC9594113 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Conditions affecting biofilm formation differ among bacterial species and this presents a challenge to studying biofilms in the lab. This work leverages functionalized silanes to control surface chemistry in the study of early biofilm propagation, quantified with a semi-automated image processing algorithm. These methods support the study of Pantoea sp. YR343, a gram-negative bacterium isolated from the poplar rhizosphere. We found that Pantoea sp. YR343 does not readily attach to hydrophilic surfaces but will form biofilms with a “honeycomb” morphology on hydrophobic surfaces. Our image processing algorithm described here quantified the evolution of the honeycomb morphology over time, and found the propagation to display a logarithmic behavior. This methodology was repeated with a flagella-deficient fliR mutant of Pantoea sp. YR343 which resulted in reduced surface attachment. Quantifiable differences between Pantoea WT and ΔfliR biofilm morphologies were captured by the image processing algorithm, further demonstrating the insight gained from these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber N. Bible
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | | | - Scott T. Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA,Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, USA,Corresponding author. Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
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Erfle P, Riewe J, Cai S, Bunjes H, Dietzel A. Horseshoe lamination mixer (HLM) sets new standards in the production of monodisperse lipid nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3025-3044. [PMID: 35829631 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00240j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic mixers promise unique conditions for the controlled and continuous preparation of nanoparticles by antisolvent precipitation. Nanoparticles may enable encapsulation of drug or mRNA molecules in the form of carrier nanoparticles or can provide higher bioavailability in the form of drug nanoparticles. The ultimate goal in microfluidic approaches is the production of nanoparticles with narrow size distributions while avoiding contaminations and achieving sufficiently high throughput. To achieve this, a novel microfluidic precipitation device was developed and realized by two-photon polymerization: mixing elements were designed in such a way that the liquids undergo a repeated Smale horseshoe transformation resulting in an increased interfacial area and mixing times of less than 10 ms. These elements and an additional 3D flow focusing ensure that no organic phase is exposed to the channel walls. The integration of a fluidic shield layer in the flow focusing proved to be useful to delay the precipitation process until reaching a sufficient distance to the injection nozzle. Lipid nanoparticle preparation with different concentrations of castor oil or the hard fat Softisan® 100 were performed at different flow rates and mixing ratios with and without a shield layer. Flow rates of up to 800 μl min-1 and organic phase mixing ratios of up to 20% resulted in particle sizes ranging from 42 nm to 166 nm with polydispersity indices from 0.04 to 0.11, indicating very narrowly distributed, and in most cases even monodisperse, nanoparticles. The occurrence of fouling can be completely suppressed with this new type of mixing elements, as long as Dean vortices are prevented. Moreover, this parameter range in the horseshoe lamination mixer provided a stable and continuous process, which enables a scalable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Erfle
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juliane Riewe
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Songtao Cai
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Microvalve array fabrication using selective PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) bonding through Perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane passivation for long-term space exploration. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12398. [PMID: 35858972 PMCID: PMC9300634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the versatility and robustness of microfluidic analytical devices for space exploration, a programmable microfluidic array (PMA) has been implemented to support a variety of missions. When designing a PMA, normally closed valves are advantageous to avoid cross contamination and leaking. However, a stable fabrication method is required to prevent these valves from sticking and bonding over time. This work presents how polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) can be bonded selectively using chemical passivation to overcome PDMS sticking issue during long-term space exploration. First, on a PDMS stamp, the vaporized perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (PFTCS) are deposited under − 80 kPa and 150 °C conditions. The PFTCS was then transferred onto PDMS or glass substrates by controlling temperature and time and 15 min at 150 °C provides the optimal PFTCS transfer for selective bonding. With these characterized parameters, we successfully demonstrated the fabrication of PMA to support long-term space missions. To estimate the stability of the stamped PFTCS, a PMA has been tested regularly for three years and no stiction or performance alteration was observed. A flight test has been done with a Cessaroni L1395 rocket for high g-force and vibration test and there is no difference on PMA performance after exposure of launch and landing conditions. This work shows promise as a simple and robust technique that will expand the stability and capability of PMA for space exploration.
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Henkel T, Mayer G, Hampl J, Cao J, Ehrhardt L, Schober A, Groß GA. From Microtiter Plates to Droplets—There and Back Again. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071022. [PMID: 35888839 PMCID: PMC9316479 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic screening techniques can benefit from interfacing established microtiter plate-based screening and sample management workflows. Interfacing tools are required both for loading preconfigured microtiter-plate (MTP)-based sample collections into droplets and for dispensing the used droplets samples back into MTPs for subsequent storage or further processing. Here, we present a collection of Digital Microfluidic Pipetting Tips (DMPTs) with integrated facilities for droplet generation and manipulation together with a robotic system for its operation. This combination serves as a bidirectional sampling interface for sample transfer from wells into droplets (w2d) and vice versa droplets into wells (d2w). The DMPT were designed to fit into 96-deep-well MTPs and prepared from glass by means of microsystems technology. The aspirated samples are converted into the channel-confined droplets’ sequences separated by an immiscible carrier medium. To comply with the demands of dose-response assays, up to three additional assay compound solutions can be added to the sample droplets. To enable different procedural assay protocols, four different DMPT variants were made. In this way, droplet series with gradually changing composition can be generated for, e.g., 2D screening purposes. The developed DMPT and their common fluidic connector are described here. To handle the opposite transfer d2w, a robotic transfer system was set up and is described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.H.); (G.M.)
| | - Günter Mayer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Leibniz-IPHT, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (T.H.); (G.M.)
| | - Jörg Hampl
- Department of Nano-Biosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Jialan Cao
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.C.); (L.E.)
| | - Linda Ehrhardt
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.C.); (L.E.)
| | - Andreas Schober
- Department of Nano-Biosystem Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Gregor Alexander Groß
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction Technologies, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University Ilmenau, Prof.-Schmidt-Str. 26, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; (J.C.); (L.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3677-69-3716
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Cruz Villarreal J, Kruithoff R, Egatz-Gomez A, Coleman PD, Ros R, Sandrin TR, Ros A. MIMAS: microfluidic platform in tandem with MALDI mass spectrometry for protein quantification from small cell ensembles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3945-3958. [PMID: 35385983 PMCID: PMC9188328 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding cell-to-cell variation at the molecular level provides relevant information about biological phenomena and is critical for clinical and biological research. Proteins carry important information not available from single-cell genomics and transcriptomics studies; however, due to the minute amount of proteins in single cells and the complexity of the proteome, quantitative protein analysis at the single-cell level remains challenging. Here, we report an integrated microfluidic platform in tandem with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the detection and quantification of targeted proteins from small cell ensembles (> 10 cells). All necessary steps for the assay are integrated on-chip including cell lysis, protein immunocapture, tryptic digestion, and co-crystallization with the matrix solution for MALDI-MS analysis. We demonstrate that our approach is suitable for protein quantification by assessing the apoptotic protein Bcl-2 released from MCF-7 breast cancer cells, ranging from 26 to 223 cells lysed on-chip (8.75 nL wells). A limit of detection (LOD) of 11.22 nM was determined, equivalent to 5.91 × 107 protein molecules per well. Additionally, the microfluidic platform design was further improved, establishing the successful quantification of Bcl-2 protein from MCF-7 cell ensembles ranging from 8 to 19 cells in 4 nL wells. The LOD in the smaller well designs for Bcl-2 resulted in 14.85 nM, equivalent to 3.57 × 107 protein molecules per well. This work shows the capability of our approach to quantitatively assess proteins from cell lysate on the MIMAS platform for the first time. These results demonstrate our approach constitutes a promising tool for quantitative targeted protein analysis from small cell ensembles down to single cells, with the capability for multiplexing through parallelization and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rory Kruithoff
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Paul D Coleman
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Research Center, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Ros
- Department of Physics and Center for Biological Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Center for Single Molecule Biophysics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA
| | - Todd R Sandrin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Temple, AZ, USA.
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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14
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Sathish S, Shen AQ. Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint. JACS AU 2021; 1:1815-1833. [PMID: 34841402 PMCID: PMC8611667 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano/microfluidics have led to the miniaturization of surface-based chemical and biochemical sensors, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to disease diagnostics. These systems rely on the detection of analytes flowing in a liquid sample, by exploiting their innate nature to react with specific receptors immobilized on the microchannel walls. The efficiency of these systems is defined by the cumulative effect of analyte detection speed, sensitivity, and specificity. In this perspective, we provide a fresh outlook on the use of important parameters obtained from well-characterized analytical models, by connecting the mass transport and reaction limits with the experimentally attainable limits of analyte detection efficiency. Specifically, we breakdown when and how the operational (e.g., flow rates, channel geometries, mode of detection, etc.) and molecular (e.g., receptor affinity and functionality) variables can be tailored to enhance the analyte detection time, analytical specificity, and sensitivity of the system (i.e., limit of detection). Finally, we present a simple yet cohesive blueprint for the development of high-efficiency surface-based microfluidic sensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of chemical and biochemical analytes, pertinent to a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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15
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Bolze H, Riewe J, Bunjes H, Dietzel A, Burg TP. Continuous Production of Lipid Nanoparticles by Ultrasound‐Assisted Microfluidic Antisolvent Precipitation. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Bolze
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemisty Research Group Biological Micro- and Nanotechnology Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Merckstr. 25 64283 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Juliane Riewe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie Mendelssohnstr. 1 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig PVZ – Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie Mendelssohnstr. 1 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig PVZ – Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Microtechnology Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203 38124 Braunschweig Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig PVZ – Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Thomas P. Burg
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemisty Research Group Biological Micro- and Nanotechnology Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Merckstr. 25 64283 Darmstadt Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Centre for Synthetic Biology Rundeturmstraße 12 64283 Darmstadt Germany
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16
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Erfle P, Riewe J, Bunjes H, Dietzel A. Goodbye fouling: a unique coaxial lamination mixer (CLM) enabled by two-photon polymerization for the stable production of monodisperse drug carrier nanoparticles. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:2178-2193. [PMID: 33861294 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Poorly soluble drugs can be incorporated in lipid carrier nanoparticles to achieve sufficient bioavailability and open up diverse routes of administration. Preparation by antisolvent precipitation in microfluidic systems enables excellent control of lipid nanoparticle size. However, particle-containing flows bear the risk of material deposition on microchannel surfaces, limiting reproducibility, prolonged continuous processing and scale-up by parallelization as required for practical use. The coaxial lamination mixer (CLM) introduced in this study can fully eliminate contact of the organic phase with the channel walls while efficiently mixing organic and aqueous phases. This unique micromixer, including a nozzle for coaxial injection, a sequence of stretch-and-fold elements and inlet filters, cannot be realized by conventional 2.5D microfabrication but only by 3D two-photon polymerization. Hydrodynamic focusing of the organic phase and fast coaxial lamination were studied in simulations and flow visualization experiments. Different concentrations of castor oil or a hard fat and polysorbate 80 dissolved in ethanol were injected and combined with purified water. Total flow rates of 100 and 200 μL min-1 and flow rate ratios of 15% or less resulted in particle sizes between 67 and 153 nm and polydispersity indices of 0.04 to 0.10. Extended preparation time revealed stable particle sizes and displayed no fouling, indicating that CLMs will even allow high throughput parallelization. Stable castor oil nanoemulsions loaded with the poorly soluble drugs fenofibrate or cannabidiol were prepared. In conclusion, the unique 3D design of the CLM enables prolonged, stable and scalable production of small as well as very narrowly distributed, in most cases even monodisperse drug-loaded lipid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer Erfle
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. and Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Juliane Riewe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany and Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Mendelssohnstr. 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Mikrotechnik, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. and Technische Universität Braunschweig, Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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17
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Bolze H, Riewe J, Bunjes H, Dietzel A, Burg TP. Protective Filtration for Microfluidic Nanoparticle Precipitation for Pharmaceutical Applications. Chem Eng Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Bolze
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Research Group Biological Micro- and Nanotechnology Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Merckstr. 25 64283 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Juliane Riewe
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie Mendelssohnstr. 1 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig PVZ – Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Heike Bunjes
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie Mendelssohnstr. 1 38106 Braunschweig Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig PVZ – Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Andreas Dietzel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig Institute of Microtechnology Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203 38124 Braunschweig Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig PVZ – Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a 38106 Braunschweig Germany
| | - Thomas P. Burg
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Research Group Biological Micro- and Nanotechnology Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Merckstr. 25 64283 Darmstadt Germany
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18
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Siddique A, Pause I, Narayan S, Kruse L, Stark RW. Endothelialization of PDMS-based microfluidic devices under high shear stress conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111394. [PMID: 33075662 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems made out of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) offer a platform to mimic vascular flow conditions in model systems at well-defined shear stresses. However, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are physisorbed on the PDMS are not reliably attached under high shear stress conditions, which makes long-term experiments difficult. To overcome this limitation, we functionalized PDMS surfaces with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) by using different surface activation methods to develop a stable linkage between the PDMS surface and collagen, which served as a model ECM protein. The stability of the protein coating inside the microfluidic devices was evaluated in perfusion experiments with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 10-40 dynes/cm2 wall shear stress. To assess the stability of cell adhesion, endothelial cells were grown in a multi-shear device over a shear stress range of 20-150 dynes/cm2. Cells on the APTES-mediated collagen coating were stable over the entire shear stress range in PBS (pH 9) for 48 h. The results suggest that at high pH values, the electrostatic interaction between APTES-coated surfaces and collagen molecules offer a very promising tool to modify PDMS-based microfluidic devices for long-term endothelialization under high shear stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Siddique
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Isabelle Pause
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Suman Narayan
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Larissa Kruse
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Paper Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Robert W Stark
- Physics of Surfaces, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 16, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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19
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General and adaptive synthesis protocol for high-quality organosilane self-assembled monolayers as tunable surface chemistry platforms for biochemical applications. Biointerphases 2020; 15:041005. [PMID: 32698591 DOI: 10.1116/6.0000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled modification of surface properties represents a pervasive requirement to be fulfilled when developing new technologies. In this paper, we propose an easy-to-implement protocol for the functionalization of glass with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The adaptivity of the synthesis route was demonstrated by the controlled anchoring of thiol, amino, glycidyloxy, and methacrylate groups onto the glass surface. The optimization of the synthetic pathway was mirrored by extremely smooth SAMs (approximately 150 pm roughness), layer thickness comparable to the theoretical molecule length, absence of silane islands along the surface, quasi-unitary degree of packing, and tailored wettability and charge. The functionalization kinetics of two model silanes, 3-mercapto- and 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane, was determined by cross-comparing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data. Our SAMs with tailored physicochemical attributes will be implemented as supports for the crystallization of pharmaceuticals and biomolecules in upcoming studies. Here, the application to a small molecule drug model, namely aspirin, was discussed as a proof of concept.
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20
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Rossini EL, Kulyk DS, Ansu-Gyeabourh E, Sahraeian T, Pezza HR, Badu-Tawiah AK. Direct Analysis of Doping Agents in Raw Urine Using Hydrophobic Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1212-1222. [PMID: 32357004 PMCID: PMC7891915 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the direct analysis of doping agents in urine samples with no sample preparation by a modified paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) methodology has been demonstrated for the first time. We have described a paper surface treatment with trichloromethylsilane using a gas-phase reaction to increase the ionization of target compounds. This approach was applied for the analysis of two classes of banned substances in urine samples: anabolic agents (trenbolone and clenbuterol) and diuretics (furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide). Under optimized conditions, the developed methods presented satisfactory repeatability, and an analysis of variance showed linearity without lack-of-fit. Highly sensitive detections as low as sub-nanogram per milliliter levels, which is below the minimum required performance levels proposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, have been reached using the hydrophobic PS-MS analysis without any preconcentration and cleanup step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Luiz Rossini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Dmytro S. Kulyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Emelia Ansu-Gyeabourh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Taghi Sahraeian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Helena Redigolo Pezza
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, R. Prof. Francisco Degni 55, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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21
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Pezzuoli D, Angeli E, Repetto D, Ferrera F, Guida P, Firpo G, Repetto L. Nanofluidic-Based Accumulation of Antigens for Miniaturized Immunoassay. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061615. [PMID: 32183234 PMCID: PMC7146560 DOI: 10.3390/s20061615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The continuous advances of Nanofluidics have been stimulating the development of novel nanostructures and strategies to accumulate very diluted analytes, for implementing a new class of high sensitivity miniaturized polymeric sensors. We take advantage of the electrokinetic properties of these structures, which allow accumulating analytes inside asymmetric microfluidic structures to implement miniaturized sensors able to detect diluted solutions down to nearly 1.2 pg/mL. In particular, exploiting polydimethylsiloxane devices, fabricated by using the junction gap breakdown technique, we concentrate antigens inside a thin microfunnel functionalized with specific antibodies to favor the interaction and, if it is the case, the recognition between antigens in solution and antibodies anchored to the surface. The transduction mechanism consists in detecting the fluorescence signal of labeled avidin when it binds to biotinylated antigens. Here, we demonstrate that exploiting these electrokinetic phenomena, typical of nanofluidic structures, we succeeded in concentrating biomolecules in correspondence of a 1 pL sensing region, a strategy that grants to the device performance comparable to standard immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Pezzuoli
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Angeli
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Diego Repetto
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrera
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, viale Benedetto XV 9, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizia Guida
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Firpo
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Repetto
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
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22
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Hänisch J, Hinrichs K, Rappich J. Surface Functionalization toward Biosensing via Free-Standing Si-OH Bonds on Nonoxidized Silicon Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:31434-31440. [PMID: 31180638 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Usually hydroxyl groups present on top of oxidized silicon served as binding centers for a silanization reaction toward surface functionalization. In this study, we developed a novel surface functionalization strategy where hydroxyl functionalization on nonoxidized silicon surfaces are obtained. These surfaces were stable for several weeks even in ambient air at room temperature. This high stability indicates a strong spatial isolation of the hydroxyl groups because they keenly tend to undergo a condensation reaction, forming silicon oxide. To prove the applicability of the obtained hydroxylated silicon surface, we further modified the hydroxyl groups with a commonly used silane molecule, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES). The functional amino groups of the APTES layer bonded to the surface were subsequently altered by N-maleoyl-β-alanin to generate a surface highly specific for the immobilization of thiol-containing biomolecules (like thiolated single-stranded DNA or cysteine-tagged proteins). All modification steps have been investigated by IR spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hänisch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Institut für Silizium-Photovoltaik , Kekuléstraße 5 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - K Hinrichs
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften (ISAS) eV , Schwarzschildstraße 8 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - J Rappich
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Institut für Silizium-Photovoltaik , Kekuléstraße 5 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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23
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Zhang Y, D'Ambra CA, Katsumata R, Burns RL, Somervell MH, Segalman RA, Hawker CJ, Bates CM. Rapid and Selective Deposition of Patterned Thin Films on Heterogeneous Substrates via Spin Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21177-21183. [PMID: 31117458 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The selective deposition of polymer thin films can be achieved via spin coating by manipulating interfacial interactions. While this "spin dewetting" approach sometimes generates spatial localization on topographic and chemical patterns, the connection between material selection, process parameters, and resulting film characteristics remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that accurate control over these parameters allows incomplete trichlorosilane self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) to induce spin dewetting on both homogeneous (SiO2) and heterogeneous (Cu/SiO2 or TiN/SiO2) surfaces. Glassy polymers undergo a sharp transition from uniform wetting to complete dewetting depending on spin speed, solution concentration, polymer molecular weight, and SAM chemistry. Under optimal conditions, spin dewetting on line-space patterns results in the selective deposition of polymer over regions not functionalized with SAM. The insights described herein clarify the importance of different variables involved in spin dewetting and provide access to a versatile strategy for patterning polymeric thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryan L Burns
- Tokyo Electron U.S. Holdings, Inc. , Austin , Texas 78741 , United States
| | - Mark H Somervell
- Tokyo Electron U.S. Holdings, Inc. , Austin , Texas 78741 , United States
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24
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Surface wettability and stability of chemically modified silicon, glass and polymeric surfaces via room temperature chemical vapor deposition. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Bambauer TP, Maurer HH, Weber AA, Hannig M, Pütz N, Koch M, Manier SK, Schneider M, Meyer MR. Evaluation of novel organosilane modifications of paper spray mass spectrometry substrates for analyzing polar compounds. Talanta 2019; 204:677-684. [PMID: 31357352 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paper spray mass spectrometry (PSMS) is currently used in different analytical fields, but less effort has been made so far to use PSMS for highly polar compounds. Such analytes usually show poor performance in PSMS due to their high affinity for common paper substrates in addition to high matrix effects. In this study, strategies for hydrophobic modifications of commercially available paper substrates using ten different organosilanes were developed. The modified substrates were generated, characterized, and applied for PSMS analysis of polar toxins. By using the modified paper, PSMS performance of some of the toxins could be considerably increased, especially for orellanine, showing a more than 80-fold signal enhancement when substrates modified with chlorotrimethylsilane were used. For other toxins like ricinine, only small beneficial effects could be shown on PSMS performance when using modified substrates. Statistical equivalence tests showed sufficient ruggedness of the developed procedures also compared to conventional substrates. Thus, further systematic development of paper substrates modified with organosilane derivatives based on the presented study for application in PSMS should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Bambauer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Hans H Maurer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Armin A Weber
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Norbert Pütz
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sascha K Manier
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Department of Pharmacy, Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Markus R Meyer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Saarland University, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), 66421, Homburg, Germany.
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Clancy KF, Dery S, Laforte V, Shetty P, Juncker D, Nicolau DV. Protein microarray spots are modulated by patterning method, surface chemistry and processing conditions. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:397-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Castro JO, Ramesan SR, Dang HD, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. Acoustopipetting: Tunable Nanoliter Sample Dispensing Using Surface Acoustic Waves. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5621-5628. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine O. Castro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Shwathy R. Ramesan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Huy D. Dang
- Invetech Pty. Ltd., Mount Waverley, Victoria 3149, Australia
| | - Amgad R. Rezk
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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Laser writing of nanostructured silicon arrays for the SERS detection of biomolecules with inhibited oxidation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 174:174-180. [PMID: 30453136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work reports the processing of laser irradiated Si arrays (LISi) and underlines their surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) functionality. A nanostructured Si/SiOx surface forms providing additional fluidic and photoprotective properties. Because of their optical and surface characteristics, the arrays exhibit a SERS analytical enhancing factor of 500, without any noble metals such as gold or silver. Micro-Raman maps allowed studying LISi properties, identifying maximum amplification in nanostructured areas characterized by the presence of 7 nm Si nanocrystals. These structures are confined by a SiOx layer as illustrated by XPS valence band measurements. The highly hydrophilic LISi areas allow a pre-concentration of target molecules prior to SERS analysis. A relevant application of LISi was found in the detection of apomorphine (APO), a drug used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In contrast with what is obtained by using gold SERS substrates, LISi allows the detection of APO with no sign of oxidation. This invites for the use of the Si/SiOx SERS detection in future systems for the personalized delivery of APO.
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Barbosa AI, Reis NM. A critical insight into the development pipeline of microfluidic immunoassay devices for the sensitive quantitation of protein biomarkers at the point of care. Analyst 2018; 142:858-882. [PMID: 28217778 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The latest clinical procedures for the timely and cost-effective diagnosis of chronic and acute clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes or sepsis (i.e. the biggest causes of death worldwide), involve the quantitation of specific protein biomarkers released into the blood stream or other physiological fluids (e.g. urine or saliva). The clinical thresholds are usually in the femtomolar to picolomar range, and consequently the measurement of these protein biomarkers heavily relies on highly sophisticated, bulky and automated equipment in centralised pathology laboratories. The first microfluidic devices capable of measuring protein biomarkers in miniaturised immunoassays were presented nearly two decades ago and promised to revolutionise point-of-care (POC) testing by offering unmatched sensitivity and automation in a compact POC format; however, the development and adoption of microfluidic protein biomarker tests has fallen behind expectations. This review presents a detailed critical overview into the pipeline of microfluidic devices developed in the period 2005-2016 capable of measuring protein biomarkers from the pM to fM range in formats compatible with POC testing, with a particular focus on the use of affordable microfluidic materials and compact low-cost signal interrogation. The integration of these two important features (essential unique selling points for the successful microfluidic diagnostic products) has been missed in previous review articles and explain the poor adoption of microfluidic technologies in this field. Most current miniaturised devices compromise either on the affordability, compactness and/or performance of the test, making current tests unsuitable for the POC measurement of protein biomarkers. Seven core technical areas, including (i) the selected strategy for antibody immobilisation, (ii) the surface area and surface-area-to-volume ratio, (iii) surface passivation, (iv) the biological matrix interference, (v) fluid control, (vi) the signal detection modes and (vii) the affordability of the manufacturing process and detection system, were identified as the key to the effective development of a sensitive and affordable microfluidic protein biomarker POC test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Barbosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Castro JO, Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Yeo LY. Continuous tuneable droplet ejection via pulsed surface acoustic wave jetting. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:5721-5727. [PMID: 29845144 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02534c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a miniaturised platform for continuous production of single or multiple liquid droplets with diameters between 60 and 500 μm by interfacing a capillary-driven self-replenishing liquid feed with pulsed excitation of focussed surface acoustic waves (SAWs). The orifice-free operation circumvents the disadvantages of conventional jetting systems, which are often prone to clogging that eventuates in rapid degradation of the operational performance. Additionally, we show the possibility for flexibly tuning the ejected droplet size through the pulse width duration, thus avoiding the need for a separate device for every different droplet size required, as is the case for systems in which the droplet size is set by nozzles and orifices, as well as preceding ultrasonic jetting platforms where the droplet size is controlled by the operating frequency. Further, we demonstrate that cells can be jetted and hence printed onto substrates with control over the cell density within the droplets down to single cells. Given that the jetting does not lead to significant loss to the cell's viability or ability to proliferate, we envisage that this versatile jetting method can potentially be exploited with further development for cell encapsulation, dispensing and 3D bioprinting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine O Castro
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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Vos R, Rolin C, Rip J, Conard T, Steylaerts T, Cabanilles MV, Levrie K, Jans K, Stakenborg T. Chemical Vapor Deposition of Azidoalkylsilane Monolayer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:1400-1409. [PMID: 29290116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b04011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
N3-functionalized monolayers on silicon wafer substrates are prepared via the controlled vapor-phase deposition of 11-azidoundecyltrimethoxysilanes at reduced pressure and elevated temperature. The quality of the layer is assessed using contact angle, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and ellipsometry measurements. At 60 °C, longer deposition times are needed to achieve monolayers with similar N3 density compared to depositions at 145 °C. The monolayers formed via the vapor phase are denser compared to those formed via a solvent-based deposition process. ATR-FTIR measurements confirm the incorporation of azido-alkyl chains in the monolayer and the formation of siloxane bridges with the underlying oxide at both deposition temperatures. X-ray photon spectroscopy shows that the N3 group is oriented upward in the grafted layer. Finally, the density was determined using total reflection X-ray fluorescence after a click reaction with chlorohexyne and amounts to 2.5 × 1014 N3 groups/cm2. In summary, our results demonstrate the formation of a uniform and reproducible N3-containing monolayer on silicon wafers, hereby providing a functional coating that enables click reactions at the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Vos
- IMEC , Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jens Rip
- IMEC , Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karen Levrie
- IMEC , Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Linklater DP, Juodkazis S, Rubanov S, Ivanova EP. Comment on "Bactericidal Effects of Natural Nanotopography of Dragonfly Wing on Escherichia coli". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:29387-29393. [PMID: 28799744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Denver P Linklater
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victory 3122, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics and Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victory 3122, Australia
| | - Sergey Rubanov
- Advanced Microscopy Facility, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne , 30 Flemington Road, 3010 Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Benmouhoub C, Gauthier-Manuel B, Zegadi A, Robert L. A Quantitative Fourier Transform Infrared Study of the Grafting of Aminosilane Layers on Lithium Niobate Surface. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 71:1568-1577. [PMID: 28664784 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817698488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to its impressive optical properties, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is considered to be one of the most important ferroelectric materials. Its uses in sensing platforms require functionalization at the surface to enable the capture and quantifying of molecules. The current paper aims to demonstrate the covalent bonding of aminosilane layers to the LiNbO3 surface. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis reveals the presence of an NbO-Si bond observable as a shoulder at the same wavenumber (975 cm-1) on the surfaces of LiNBO3 as well as on those of Nb2O5, using 3-(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) or 3-(aminopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane (APDMS) precursors. This covalent bonding is confirmed by the insolubility of the silane coating in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). A kinetic study of the aminosilane layer growth obtained by quantitative FT-IR analysis is also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chafia Benmouhoub
- 1 Optics and Precision Mechanics Institute, Setif1 University, Algeria
- 2 Femto-st Institute, Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
- 3 LCCNS, Electronics Dpt, Setif1 University, Algeria
| | | | - Ameur Zegadi
- 3 LCCNS, Electronics Dpt, Setif1 University, Algeria
| | - Laurent Robert
- 4 MN2S Dpt, Femto-st Institute, UMR6174, Besançon, France
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Fox CB, Nemeth CL, Chevalier RW, Cantlon J, Bogdanoff DB, Hsiao JC, Desai TA. Picoliter-volume inkjet printing into planar microdevice reservoirs for low-waste, high-capacity drug loading. Bioeng Transl Med 2017; 2:9-16. [PMID: 28503662 PMCID: PMC5426811 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral delivery of therapeutics is the preferred route for systemic drug administration due to ease of access and improved patient compliance. However, many therapeutics suffer from low oral bioavailability due to low pH and enzymatic conditions, poor cellular permeability, and low residence time. Microfabrication techniques have been used to create planar, asymmetric microdevices for oral drug delivery to address these limitations. The geometry of these microdevices facilitates prolonged drug exposure with unidirectional release of drug toward gastrointestinal epithelium. While these devices have significantly enhanced drug permeability in vitro and in vivo, loading drug into the micron-scale reservoirs of the devices in a low-waste, high-capacity manner remains challenging. Here, we use picoliter-volume inkjet printing to load topotecan and insulin into planar microdevices efficiently. Following a simple surface functionalization step, drug solution can be spotted into the microdevice reservoir. We show that relatively high capacities of both topotecan and insulin can be loaded into microdevices in a rapid, automated process with little to no drug waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade B Fox
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Rachel W Chevalier
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | | | - Derek B Bogdanoff
- Center for Advanced Technology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158
| | - Jeff C Hsiao
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Dept. of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158.,UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158
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35
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Siddique A, Meckel T, Stark RW, Narayan S. Improved cell adhesion under shear stress in PDMS microfluidic devices. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:456-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Azeredo J, Azevedo NF, Briandet R, Cerca N, Coenye T, Costa AR, Desvaux M, Di Bonaventura G, Hébraud M, Jaglic Z, Kačániová M, Knøchel S, Lourenço A, Mergulhão F, Meyer RL, Nychas G, Simões M, Tresse O, Sternberg C. Critical review on biofilm methods. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:313-351. [PMID: 27868469 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1208146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are widespread in nature and constitute an important strategy implemented by microorganisms to survive in sometimes harsh environmental conditions. They can be beneficial or have a negative impact particularly when formed in industrial settings or on medical devices. As such, research into the formation and elimination of biofilms is important for many disciplines. Several new methodologies have been recently developed for, or adapted to, biofilm studies that have contributed to deeper knowledge on biofilm physiology, structure and composition. In this review, traditional and cutting-edge methods to study biofilm biomass, viability, structure, composition and physiology are addressed. Moreover, as there is a lack of consensus among the diversity of techniques used to grow and study biofilms. This review intends to remedy this, by giving a critical perspective, highlighting the advantages and limitations of several methods. Accordingly, this review aims at helping scientists in finding the most appropriate and up-to-date methods to study their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azeredo
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Romain Briandet
- c Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Nuno Cerca
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Tom Coenye
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Costa
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- e INRA Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , UR454 Microbiologie , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- f Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Michel Hébraud
- e INRA Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , UR454 Microbiologie , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Zoran Jaglic
- g Department of Food and Feed Safety, Laboratory of Food Bacteriology , Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- h Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Susanne Knøchel
- i Department of Food Science (FOOD) , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Anália Lourenço
- j Department of Computer Science , University of Vigo , Ourense , Spain
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- k Aarhus University, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - George Nychas
- l Agricultural University of Athens, Lab of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods , Athens , Greece
| | - Manuel Simões
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Odile Tresse
- m LUNAM Université, Oniris, SECALIM UMR1024 INRA , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Claus Sternberg
- n Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby, Denmark
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37
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Hasan A, Pandey LM. Kinetic studies of attachment and re-orientation of octyltriethoxysilane for formation of self-assembled monolayer on a silica substrate. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 68:423-429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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38
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Tang Y, Liu S, Pi R, Cheng Z. An immobilization multienzyme microfluidic chip for acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay by fluorescence method. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22788g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bi-enzyme immobilized microfluidic device was developed for the rapid enzyme inhibition assay by fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Sufang Liu
- School of Public Health
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510080
- China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Zhiyi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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Gong X, Wang YW, Ihli J, Kim YY, Li S, Walshaw R, Chen L, Meldrum FC. The Crystal Hotel: A Microfluidic Approach to Biomimetic Crystallization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7395-400. [PMID: 26479157 PMCID: PMC4722853 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A "crystal hotel" microfluidic device that allows crystal growth in confined volumes to be studied in situ is used to produce large calcite single crystals with predefined crystallographic orientation, microstructure, and shape by control of the detailed physical environment, flow, and surface chemistry. This general approach can be extended to form technologically important, nanopatterned single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Gong
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yun-Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Johannes Ihli
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shunbo Li
- School of Chemistry, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Walshaw
- School of Earth and Environment and Leeds Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy Centre, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Microwaves & Photonics, School of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of LeedsLeeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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40
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Watson S, Nie M, Wang L, Stokes K. Challenges and developments of self-assembled monolayers and polymer brushes as a green lubrication solution for tribological applications. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface initiated polymer brushes, grafted from self-assembled initiating monolayers on a contact surface, provide opportunities to develop innovative solutions for friction reduction in tribological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Watson
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS)
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Mengyan Nie
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS)
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Ling Wang
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS)
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
| | - Keith Stokes
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS)
- University of Southampton
- Southampton SO17 1BJ
- UK
- Platform Systems Division
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41
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Zoueshtiagh F, Baudoin M, Guerrin D. Capillary tube wetting induced by particles: towards armoured bubbles tailoring. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:9403-9412. [PMID: 25271805 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on the strongly modified dynamics of a liquid finger pushed inside a capillary tube, when partially wettable particles are lying on the walls. Particles promote the appearance of new regimes and enable the tailored synthesis of bubbles encapsulated in a monolayer of particles (so-called "armoured bubbles"). This remarkable behavior arises due to the collection of particles at the air-liquid interface, which modify the global energy balance and stabilize the interface. Armoured-bubbles are of primary interest in industrial processes since they display increased stability, interfacial rigidity and can even sustain non-spherical shapes. This work opens perspective for a low cost bubbles-on-demand technology enabling the synthesis of armoured bubbles with specific sizes, shapes and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzam Zoueshtiagh
- International Laboratory LEMAC/LICS, IEMN, UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1, Avenue Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Dolega ME, Wagh J, Gerbaud S, Kermarrec F, Alcaraz JP, Martin DK, Gidrol X, Picollet-D’hahan N. Facile bench-top fabrication of enclosed circular microchannels provides 3D confined structure for growth of prostate epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99416. [PMID: 24945245 PMCID: PMC4063722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple bench-top method to fabricate enclosed circular channels for biological experiments. Fabricating the channels takes less than 2 hours by using glass capillaries of various diameters (from 100 µm up to 400 µm) as a mould in PDMS. The inner surface of microchannels prepared in this way was coated with a thin membrane of either Matrigel or a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte to control cellular adhesion. The microchannels were then used as scaffolds for 3D-confined epithelial cell culture. To show that our device can be used with several epithelial cell types from exocrine glandular tissues, we performed our biological studies on adherent epithelial prostate cells (non-malignant RWPE-1 and invasive PC3) and also on breast (non-malignant MCF10A) cells We observed that in static conditions cells adhere and proliferate to form a confluent layer in channels of 150 µm in diameter and larger, whereas cellular viability decreases with decreasing diameter of the channel. Matrigel and PSS (poly (sodium 4-styrenesulphonate)) promote cell adhesion, whereas the cell proliferation rate was reduced on the PAH (poly (allylamine hydrochloride))-terminated surface. Moreover infusing channels with a continuous flow did not induce any cellular detachment. Our system is designed to simply grow cells in a microchannel structure and could be easily fabricated in any biological laboratory. It offers opportunities to grow epithelial cells that support the formation of a light. This system could be eventually used, for example, to collect cellular secretions, or study cell responses to graduated hypoxia conditions, to chemicals (drugs, siRNA, …) and/or physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika E. Dolega
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Jayesh Wagh
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Gerbaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederique Kermarrec
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Donald K. Martin
- UJF-Grenoble 1, CNRS, TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525 (SyNaBi), Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Picollet-D’hahan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- CEA, iRTSV-BGE, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, BGE, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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43
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Peña L, Hohn KL, Li J, Sun XS, Wang D. Synthesis of Propyl-Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Cellobiose Hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/jbnb.2014.54028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Dentry MB, Yeo LY, Friend JR. Frequency effects on the scale and behavior of acoustic streaming. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:013203. [PMID: 24580352 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic streaming underpins an exciting range of fluid manipulation phenomena of rapidly growing significance in microfluidics, where the streaming often assumes the form of a steady, laminar jet emanating from the device surface, driven by the attenuation of acoustic energy within the beam of sound propagating through the liquid. The frequencies used to drive such phenomena are often chosen ad hoc to accommodate fabrication and material issues. In this work, we seek a better understanding of the effects of sound frequency and power on acoustic streaming. We present and, using surface acoustic waves, experimentally verify a laminar jet model that is based on the turbulent jet model of Lighthill, which is appropriate for acoustic streaming seen at micro- to nanoscales, between 20 and 936 MHz and over a broad range of input power. Our model eliminates the critically problematic acoustic source singularity present in Lighthill's model, replacing it with a finite emission area and enabling determination of the streaming velocity close to the source. At high acoustic power P (and hence high jet Reynolds numbers ReJ associated with fast streaming), the laminar jet model predicts a one-half power dependence (U∼P1/2∼ ReJ) similar to the turbulent jet model. However, the laminar model may also be applied to jets produced at low powers-and hence low jet Reynolds numbers ReJ-where a linear relationship between the beam power and streaming velocity exists: U∼P∼ReJ2. The ability of the laminar jet model to predict the acoustic streaming behavior across a broad range of frequencies and power provides a useful tool in the analysis of microfluidics devices, explaining peculiar observations made by several researchers in the literature. In particular, by elucidating the effects of frequency on the scale of acoustically driven flows, we show that the choice of frequency is a vitally important consideration in the design of small-scale devices employing acoustic streaming for microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - James R Friend
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, RMIT University, and the Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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45
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Otten M, Wolf P, Gaub HE. Protein-DNA force assay in a microfluidic format. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:4198-4204. [PMID: 23986395 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50830g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The detailed study of protein-DNA interactions is a core effort to elucidate physiological processes, including gene regulation, DNA repair and the immune response. The molecular force assay (MFA) is an established method to study DNA-binding proteins. In particular, high-affinity binder dissociation is made possible by the application of force. Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip approaches have proven helpful for parallelization, small sample volumes, reproducibility, and low cost. We report the successful combination of these two principles, forming a microfluidic molecular force assay and representing a novel use for the established MITOMI chip design. We present, characterize, validate and apply this integrated method. An alternative confocal fluorescence microscopy readout and analysis method is introduced and validated. In a multiplexing application, EcoRI binding is detected and characterized. This method paves the way for quantitative on-chip force measurements. It is suited for integration with DNA micro-spotting and in vitro expression of transcription factors to form a high-throughput chip for detailed DNA-protein interaction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Otten
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 Munich, Germany
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46
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Travagliati M, Shilton R, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Fabrication, operation and flow visualization in surface-acoustic-wave-driven acoustic-counterflow microfluidics. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24022515 DOI: 10.3791/50524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we present the fabrication protocol for a multilayered SAW acoustic counterflow device. The device is fabricated starting from a lithium niobate (LN) substrate onto which two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and appropriate markers are patterned. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel cast on an SU8 master mold is finally bonded on the patterned substrate. Following the fabrication procedure, we show the techniques that allow the characterization and operation of the acoustic counterflow device in order to pump fluids through the PDMS channel grid. We finally present the procedure to visualize liquid flow in the channels. The protocol is used to show on-chip fluid pumping under different flow regimes such as laminar flow and more complicated dynamics characterized by vortices and particle accumulation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Travagliati
- NEST Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia
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47
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Kim D, Herr AE. Protein immobilization techniques for microfluidic assays. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:41501. [PMID: 24003344 PMCID: PMC3747845 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have shown unequivocal performance improvements over conventional bench-top assays across a range of performance metrics. For example, specific advances have been made in reagent consumption, throughput, integration of multiple assay steps, assay automation, and multiplexing capability. For heterogeneous systems, controlled immobilization of reactants is essential for reliable, sensitive detection of analytes. In most cases, protein immobilization densities are maximized, while native activity and conformation are maintained. Immobilization methods and chemistries vary significantly depending on immobilization surface, protein properties, and specific assay goals. In this review, we present trade-offs considerations for common immobilization surface materials. We overview immobilization methods and chemistries, and discuss studies exemplar of key approaches-here with a specific emphasis on immunoassays and enzymatic reactors. Recent "smart immobilization" methods including the use of light, electrochemical, thermal, and chemical stimuli to attach and detach proteins on demand with precise spatial control are highlighted. Spatially encoded protein immobilization using DNA hybridization for multiplexed assays and reversible protein immobilization surfaces for repeatable assay are introduced as immobilization methods. We also describe multifunctional surface coatings that can perform tasks that were, until recently, relegated to multiple functional coatings. We consider the microfluidics literature from 1997 to present and close with a perspective on future approaches to protein immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-728, South Korea
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48
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Wang Y, Lowe RD, Mejia YX, Feindt H, Steltenkamp S, Burg TP. A fluorescence based method for the quantification of surface functional groups in closed micro- and nanofluidic channels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:26503. [PMID: 24404019 PMCID: PMC3651257 DOI: 10.1063/1.4802270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface analysis is critical for the validation of microfluidic surface modifications for biology, chemistry, and physics applications. However, until now quantitative analytical methods have mostly been focused on open surfaces. Here, we present a new fluorescence imaging method to directly measure the surface coverage of functional groups inside assembled microchannels over a wide dynamic range. A key advance of our work is the elimination of self-quenching to obtain a linear signal even with a high density of functional groups. This method is applied to image the density and monitor the stability of vapor deposited silane layers in bonded silicon/glass micro- and nanochannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rachel D Lowe
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yara X Mejia
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Feindt
- Micro Systems Technology (MST), Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Siegfried Steltenkamp
- Micro Systems Technology (MST), Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas P Burg
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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49
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Sarvi F, Yue Z, Hourigan K, Thompson MC, Chan PPY. Surface-functionalization of PDMS for potential micro-bioreactor and embryonic stem cell culture applications. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:987-996. [DOI: 10.1039/c2tb00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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50
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Glass NR, Tjeung R, Chan P, Yeo LY, Friend JR. Organosilane deposition for microfluidic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2011; 5:36501-365017. [PMID: 22662048 PMCID: PMC3364836 DOI: 10.1063/1.3625605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of surfaces to change the interaction of fluids with them is a critical step in constructing useful microfluidics devices, especially those used in biological applications. Silanization, the generic term applied to the formation of organosilane monolayers on substrates, is both widely reported in the literature and troublesome in actual application for the uninitiated. These monolayers can be subsequently modified to produce a surface of a specific functionality. Here various organosilane deposition protocols and some application notes are provided as a basis for the novice reader to construct their own silanization procedures, and as a practical resource to a broader range of techniques even for the experienced user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick R Glass
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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