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Asakawa R, Yokoyama S, Yamada R, Maeda S, Ohto T, Tada H, Ie Y. Periodically Twisted Molecular Wires Based on a Fused Unit for Efficient Intramolecular Hopping Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23529-23536. [PMID: 39133559 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Realizing efficient long-distance intramolecular charge transport based on a hopping mechanism is a key challenge in molecular electronics. In hopping transport, a smaller reorganization energy (λ) and energy difference between hopping sites (ΔEhs) should lead to a smaller activation energy and faster charge transfer. However, the development of π-extended molecules that meet these requirements is challenging. In this study, we successfully synthesized several nanometer-scale π-extended molecules composed of a fused π-conjugated unit as a hopping site for reducing λ. Conformational twists between fused units effectively localize π-conjugation in each unit, contributing to reducing ΔEhs. The expected electronic structures of the oligomers were confirmed using spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements. Single-molecule conductance measurements exhibited higher conductance and lower activation energy than those of nonfused oligothiophenes. First-principles calculations indicated that smaller λ and ΔEhs values explain the high conductance. These results highlight the efficiency of the proposed molecular design for effective intramolecular hopping transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Asakawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Soichi Yokoyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Seiya Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tada
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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2
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Guo H, Liu S, Liu X, Zhang L. Lightening flavin by amination for fluorescent sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19554-19563. [PMID: 38979978 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2˙-, etc., in organisms is of great significance, not only for their essential role in biological processes, but their excessive production may also result in many diseases. Flavin (FL) is a fluorophore that naturally exists in flavoenzymes, and its fluorescent emission (FE) becomes negligible when reduced. This enables the application of FL derivatives as fluorescent sensors for ROS. We presented a theoretical investigation to address the impact of amino substitution on the photophysical properties of aminoflavins (AmFLs). Resulting from the interplay of electronic and positional effects, amination at C8 enhances the electronic coupling between the ground state and the first singlet excited state by enlarging the adiabatic energy change of the electronic transitions and the emission transition dipole moments, weakens the vibronic coupling by decreasing the contribution of isoalloxazine to the frontier molecular orbitals, redshifts the absorption band, and enhances the fluorescent emission drastically in 8AmFL. The theoretically estimated fluorescent emission intensity of 8AmFL is ∼40 times that of FL, suggesting its potential application as a fluorescent sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian and Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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3
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Cai W, Zhong C, Ma ZW, Cai ZY, Qiu Y, Sajid Z, Wu DY. Machine-learning-assisted performance improvements for multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 26:144-152. [PMID: 38063043 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04441f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
With favorable colour purity, multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) molecules exhibit enormous potential in high-definition displays. Due to the relatively small chemical space of MR-TADF molecules, it is challenging to improve molecular performance through domain-specific expertise alone. To address this problem, we focused on optimizing the classic molecule, DABNA-1, using machine learning (ML). Molecular morphing operations were initially employed to generate the adjacent chemical space of DABNA-1. Subsequently, a machine learning model was trained with a limited database and used to predict the properties throughout the generated chemical space. It was confirmed that the top 100 molecules suggested by machine learning present excellent electronic structures, characterized by small reorganization energy and singlet-triplet energy gaps. Our results indicate that the improvement in electronic structures can be elucidated through the view of the molecular orbital (MO). The results also reveal that the top 5 molecules present weaker vibronic peaks of the emission spectrum, demonstrating higher colour purity when compared to DABNA-1. Notably, the M2 molecule presents a high RISC rate, indicating its promising future as a high-efficiency MR-TADF molecule. Our machine-learning-assisted approach facilitates the rapid optimization of classical molecules, addressing a crucial requirement within the organic optoelectronic materials community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuan-Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
| | - Yue Qiu
- Grimwade Centre for Cultural Materials Conservation, School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, Faculty of Arts, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Zubia Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
| | - De-Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
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4
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Wang W, He Y, Tu L, Liu H. Electric-Field Effects on the Internal Charge Reorganization Energies of Crystalline Organic Semiconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10233-10241. [PMID: 37934702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The synergistic effects of molecular packing and external electric fields (EEFs, including axial and nonaxial fields) on the internal charge reorganization energies (λ) of typical p-type SMOS have been investigated. Combined quantum and molecular mechanics calculations show that, for all-ring-fused rigid molecules single-molecule approximation and neglect of EEFs are adequate for computing λ, while for nonrigid molecules with inter-ring carbon-carbon (IRCC) linkers, the above simplifications may cause a significant deviation from the actual λ. For nonrigid molecules, solid-state packing can prevent "bad" EEFs (Fz and Fyz) from enhancing λ (adverse to charge transfer), while it allows λ to be greatly reduced (in favor of charge transfer) if "good" EEFs (Fx, Fxy, Fxz and Fxyz) are imposed. Last, a simple strategy that can divide λ into each subring contribution for IRCC-linked molecules has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yonglai He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lingzhi Tu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, 601 Huang-Pu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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5
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Wang Z, Jing R, Li Y, Song D, Wan Y, Fukui N, Shinokubo H, Kuang Z, Xia A. Intrinsic Photostability in Dithiolonaphthalimide Achieved by Disulfide Bond-Induced Excited-State Quenching. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8485-8492. [PMID: 37721763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Disulfide bridges common in proteins show excellent photostability achieved by ultrafast internal conversion and maintain the stability of the tertiary structure. When disulfide bonds exist in aromatic compounds, the rigid chemical structure may affect the cleavage and reforming dynamics of disulfide bonds. In this work, a model compound with a disulfide five-membered-ring structure, 4,5-dithiolo-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1,8-naphthalimide (DTDPNI), is selected to elaborate the effect of disulfide modification on the excited-state deactivation mechanism. Quantum chemical calculations show that the S-S stretching leads to a dramatic decrease in the energy gap between the S1 and S0 states, similar to the situation in 1,2-dithiane. Due to the efficient nonradiative process, the excited-state lifetime of DTDPNI resolved by ultrafast spectroscopy is determined to be ∼20 ps. It is found that the excellent photostability is achieved by ultrafast excited-state quenching induced by the S-S stretching, rather than the cleavage of the disulfide bond; even the disulfide bridge is in a very rigid aromatic molecular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Rui Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Di Song
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Yan Wan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-chi, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-chi, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, P. R. China
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Ran X, Akbar Ali M, Peng XZ, Yu GJ, Ge JY, Yang L, Chen Y, Xie LH. Computational studies on nitrogen (N)-substituted 2,6-diphenylanthracene: a novel precursor of organic field effect transistor materials. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The investigation shows that nitrogen (N)-substituted π-conjugated semiconductor materials have improved optical and electronic performance and work efficiently in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Ran
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, PO box 380, Al Hufuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xin-Zhe Peng
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guo-Jing Yu
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiao-Yang Ge
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institution of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
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7
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DFT investigation of Percyanation effect of coronene molecule: Comparative study with their Perhalogenated counterparts. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Chen WC, Chang YC. Rational design of organic semiconductors with low internal reorganization energies for hole and electron transport: position effect of aza-substitution in phenalenyl derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18163-18172. [PMID: 34612279 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphoteric-redox phenalenyl radical (PLY) is a suitable candidate used to design ambipolar organic materials. Because the singly occupied nonbonding molecular orbital (NBMO) of PLY has a perfect local nonbonding character, its internal reorganization energy (λ) for transporting holes (λ+) or electrons (λ-) is known to be small. Herein, PLY is employed to study the position effect of the aza group on the λ. By adding or extracting an electron from the NBMO, the bond length alterations can be minute. Therefore, the PLY derivatives are also an excellent candidate to study the contributions from the bond angle alterations to the λ. Substituting the aza groups at the β- or α-positions of PLY shows two different trends. When consecutively substituting the aza group at the three β-positions of PLY, the λs are consistently decreased. Contrarily, a series of double functionalization of aza groups at the four α-positions of PLY, the λs are increased. It is because the local bonding or antibonding character in frontier orbitals (FMO) is observed in α2N-PLY and α4N-PLY. As the FMOs of the three β-substituted PLYs and α6N-PLY have perfect local nonbonding character, we found the bond angle alterations are the main contributors of λ. The λs for most aza-PLYs were smaller than 100 meV. Thus, we propose a design rule for substituting aza groups on the parent molecules with strong local nonbonding character in their FMOs. Based on the adiabatic ionization potential and electron affinity, two π-extended PLY derivatives with small λ were recommended for fabricating air-stable ambipolar OFET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
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9
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Kunkel C, Margraf JT, Chen K, Oberhofer H, Reuter K. Active discovery of organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2422. [PMID: 33893287 PMCID: PMC8065160 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The versatility of organic molecules generates a rich design space for organic semiconductors (OSCs) considered for electronics applications. Offering unparalleled promise for materials discovery, the vastness of this design space also dictates efficient search strategies. Here, we present an active machine learning (AML) approach that explores an unlimited search space through consecutive application of molecular morphing operations. Evaluating the suitability of OSC candidates on the basis of charge injection and mobility descriptors, the approach successively queries predictive-quality first-principles calculations to build a refining surrogate model. The AML approach is optimized in a truncated test space, providing deep methodological insight by visualizing it as a chemical space network. Significantly outperforming a conventional computational funnel, the optimized AML approach rapidly identifies well-known and hitherto unknown molecular OSC candidates with superior charge conduction properties. Most importantly, it constantly finds further candidates with highest efficiency while continuing its exploration of the endless design space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kunkel
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes T Margraf
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Ke Chen
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany.
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
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10
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Lin KH, Corminboeuf C. FB-REDA: fragment-based decomposition analysis of the reorganization energy for organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11881-11890. [PMID: 32436535 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01722a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a fragment-based decomposition analysis tool (FB-REDA) for the reorganisation energy (λ). This tool delivers insights on how to rationally design low-λ organic semiconductors. The contribution of the fragment vibrational modes to the reorganization energy is exploited to identity the individual contributions of the molecular building blocks. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by offering three strategies to reduce the reorganization energy of a promising dopant-free hole transport material (TPA1PM, λ = 213 meV). A reduction of nearly 50% (TPD3PM, λ = 108 meV) is achieved. The proposed design principles are likely transferable to other organic semiconductors exploiting common molecular building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Han Lin
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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Panhans M, Hutsch S, Benduhn J, Schellhammer KS, Nikolis VC, Vangerven T, Vandewal K, Ortmann F. Molecular vibrations reduce the maximum achievable photovoltage in organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1488. [PMID: 32198376 PMCID: PMC7083957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-energy edge of optical absorption spectra is critical for the performance of solar cells, but is not well understood in the case of organic solar cells (OSCs). We study the microscopic origin of exciton bands in molecular blends and investigate their role in OSCs. We simulate the temperature dependence of the excitonic density of states and low-energy absorption features, including low-frequency molecular vibrations and multi-exciton hybridisation. For model donor-acceptor blends featuring charge-transfer excitons, our simulations agree very well with temperature-dependent experimental absorption spectra. We unveil that the quantum effect of zero-point vibrations, mediated by electron-phonon interaction, causes a substantial exciton bandwidth and reduces the open-circuit voltage, which is predicted from electronic and vibronic molecular parameters. This effect is surprisingly strong at room temperature and can substantially limit the OSC's efficiency. Strategies to reduce these vibration-induced voltage losses are discussed for a larger set of systems and different heterojunction geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Panhans
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hutsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Vasileios C Nikolis
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Vangerven
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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12
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Sahoo SR, Sharma S, Sahu S. A computational study of anisotropic charge transport in air-stable fluorinated benzobisbenzothiophene (FBBBT) derivatives. J Mol Model 2019; 26:14. [PMID: 31853659 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A computational study of anisotropical charge transport properties of fluorinated benzobisbenzothiohphene derivatives (FBBBT) is presented. The values of IPadia of all FBBBTs are found in the range of 6.00-6.20 eV inferring the fact that the investigated compounds have ambient air-stability. In addition, the energy levels of FBBBT s are found to be lower than those of benzobisbenzothiophene (BBBT) compound indicating higher charge carrier stability in the former. Hirshfield surface analyses showed that, in all the studied compounds, the principal identifiable interaction were mostly due to F⋯H and H⋯H intermolecular couplings with no contribution from S⋯S bondings. The calculated maximum μhole(μelec) value of the compounds FBBBT-a and FBBBT-b was found to be 0.483 (0.794) cm2V- 1s- 1 and 0.688 (0.542) cm2V- 1s- 1 respectively in the direction of transistor channel (Φ = 93.39 ∘(273.30∘) for FBBBT-a and Φ = 92.24 ∘/272.72 ∘ for FBBBT-b). For FBBBT-c, the maximum μelec(μhole) value of 0.933 (0.233) cm2V- 1s- 1 appeared for Φ = 0 ∘/179.90 ∘. In addition, the compounds FBBBT-a and FBBBT-b possess two additional fluorine atoms attached at the X positions in the backbone, which result in an increment in μelec values (1.4 times and 0.78 times higher than μhole) in these two compounds at a particular crystal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Ranjan Sahoo
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Sagar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Assam Don Bosco University, Tapesia Gardens, Guwahati, Assam, 782402, India
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
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13
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Japahuge A, Lee S, Choi CH, Zeng T. Design of singlet fission chromophores with cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene building blocks. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234306. [PMID: 31228896 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We use MRSF-TDDFT and NEVPT2 methods to design singlet fission chromophores with the building blocks of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). CAAC dimers with C2, C4, and p-phenylene spacers are considered. The substitutions with trifluoromethyls and fluorine atoms at the α C position are investigated. The electronegative substituents enhance the π accepting capability of the α C while maintaining it as a quaternary C atom. The phenylene-connected dimers with the two substitutions are identified as promising candidates for singlet fission chromophores. The cylindrically symmetric C2 and C4 spacers allow for substantial structural reorganizations in the S0-to-S1 and S0-to-T1 excitations. Although the two substituted dimers with the C4 spacer satisfy (or very close to satisfy) the primary thermodynamics criterion for singlet fission, the significant structural reorganizations result in high barriers so that the fission is kinetically unfavorable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini Japahuge
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
| | - Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S5B6, Canada
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Ambili RV, Sasikumar D, Hridya P, Hariharan M. Deciphering the Multifarious Charge-Transport Behaviour of Crystalline Propeller-Shaped Triphenylamine Analogues. Chemistry 2019; 25:1992-2002. [PMID: 30431197 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A collection of para-substituted propeller-shaped triphenylamine (TPA) derivatives have been computationally investigated for charge-transport characteristics exhibited by the derivatives by using the Marcus-Hush formalism. The various substituents chosen herein, with features that range from electron withdrawing to electron donating in nature, play a key role in defining the reorganisation energy and electronic coupling properties of the TPA derivatives. The TPA moiety is expected to possess weak electronic coupling on the basis of poor orbital overlap upon aggregation, owing to the restriction imposed by the propeller shape of the TPA core. However, the substituent groups attached to the TPA core can significantly dictate the crystal-packing motif of the TPA derivatives, wherein the variety of noncovalent intermolecular interactions subsequently generated drive the packing arrangement and influence electronic coupling between the neighbouring orbitals. Intermolecular interactions in the crystalline architecture of TPA derivatives were probed by using Hirshfeld and quantum theory of atoms-in-molecules techniques. Furthermore, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory analysis of the TPA analogues has revealed that a periodic arrangement of energetically stable dimers with significant electronic coupling is essential to contribute high charge-carrier mobility to the overall crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Ambili
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O. Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 69551, India
| | - Devika Sasikumar
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O. Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 69551, India
| | - P Hridya
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O. Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 69551, India
| | - Mahesh Hariharan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram (IISER-TVM), Maruthamala P.O. Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 69551, India
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15
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Yang L, Mao J, Yin CZ, Wu XP, Liu YY, Xie LH, Ran XQ, Huang W. Theoretical studies on 4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene-based Windmill-shaped nanogrids with low reorganization energies. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Atahan-Evrenk S. A quantitative structure-property study of reorganization energy for known p-type organic semiconductors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40330-40337. [PMID: 35558241 PMCID: PMC9091383 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07866a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramolecular reorganization energy (RE), which quantifies the electron-phonon coupling strength, is an important charge transport parameter for the theoretical characterization of molecular organic semiconductors (OSCs). On a small scale, the accurate calculation of the RE is trivial; however, for large-scale screening, faster approaches are desirable. We investigate the structure-property relations and present a quantitative structure-property relationship study to facilitate the computation of RE from molecular structure. To this end, we generated a compound set of 171, which was derived from known p-type OSCs built from moieties such as acenes, thiophenes, and pentalenes. We show that simple structural descriptors such as the number of atoms, rings or rotatable bonds only weakly correlate with the RE. On the other hand, we show that regression models based on a more comprehensive representation of the molecules such as SMILES-based molecular signatures and geometry-based molecular transforms can predict the RE with a coefficient of determination of 0.7 and a mean absolute error of 40 meV in the library, in which the RE ranges from 76 to 480 meV. Our analysis indicates that a more extensive compound set for training is necessary for more predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sule Atahan-Evrenk
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine Sogutozu Cad No. 43 Sogutozu Ankara Turkey +90 312 292 44 32 +90 312 292 44 26
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Lu TF, Li W, Chen J, Tang J, Bai FQ, Zhang HX. Promising pyridinium ylide based anchors towards high-efficiency dyes for dye-sensitized solar cells applications: Insights from theoretical investigations. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Sahoo SR, Sahu S, Sharma S. Indolocarbazole (IC) Derivatives as Promising p-type Organic Semiconductors: A First-Principle Study of Their Anisotropic Charge Mobilities. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smruti R. Sahoo
- High Performance Computing Lab; Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (ISM); Dhanbad Jharkhand-826004 India
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- High Performance Computing Lab; Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (ISM); Dhanbad Jharkhand-826004 India
| | - Sagar Sharma
- Physical Sciences Division; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon; Guwahati-781035 India
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19
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Ji LF, Fan JX, Zhang SF, Ren AM. Theoretical investigations into the charge transfer properties of thiophene α-substituted naphthodithiophene diimides: excellent n-channel and ambipolar organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:13978-13993. [PMID: 28516987 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01114h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical study was carried out to investigate the electronic structures and the charge transport properties of a series of naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI) thiophene α-substituted derivatives NDTI-X using density functional theory and classical Marcus charge transfer theory. This study deeply revealed the structure-property relationships by analyzing the intermolecular interactions in crystal structures of C8-NDTI and C8-NDTI-Cl thoroughly by using the Hirshfeld surface, QTAIM theories and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). Our results suggested that a 2-D brick-like π-stacking structure makes C8-NDTI-Cl a more excellent n-type semiconducting material with μmax-e of 2.554 cm2 V-1 s-1 than C8-NDTI with a herringbone-like slipped π-stacking motif. In addition, the calculated results showed that by modifying the thiophene α-positions of NDTI with electron-withdrawing substituents, -F, -Cl and -CN, low-lying LUMO energy levels and a high adiabatic electron affinity EA(a) can be obtained; while introducing electron-donating groups, benzene (-B), thiophene (-T), benzo[b]thiophene (-BT) and naphtha[2,3-b]thiophene (-NT), expanded the molecular π-conjugated backbone, and narrow band gaps, high EA(a) and small reorganization energies can be obtained. Theoretical simulations predict that NDTI-CN is an excellent air-stable n-type organic semiconducting material with an average electron mobility μe of up to 1.743 cm2 V-1 s-1. Owing to their high EA(a), moderate adiabatic ionization potential IP(a) as well as small hole and electron reorganization energies, NDTI-BT and NDTI-NT are two well-balanced air-stable ambipolar semiconducting materials. The theoretical average hole/electron mobilities are as high as 2.708/3.739 cm2 V-1 s-1 for C8-NDTI-NT and 1.597/2.350 cm2 V-1 s-1 for C8-NDTI-BT, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Fei Ji
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130023, China.
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20
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An efficient strategy for designing ambipolar organic semiconductor material: Introducing dehydrogenated phosphorus atoms into pentacene core. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Tang XD. Theoretical study on electron structure and charge transport properties of tetraazapentacene derivatives. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:535-542. [PMID: 28811154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By Means of Marcus electron transfer theory, the charge transport properties of tetraazapentacene (4N-PEN) derivatives were systematically explored. The reorganization energies were studied by both adiabatic potential-energy surfaces and normal mode analysis. The charge diffusion constants were evaluated from the random walk simulation. From the perspective of homology modeling, a selected 4N-PEN derivative without experimental crystal structure was built into three kinds of possible packing modes with reference to its relative analogues and then fully optimized. The calculated results show that the charge transport property for the same kind of systems strongly depends on the packing mode, and the π···stacking is more beneficial for electron transport of 4N-PEN derivatives. Meanwhile, the 4N-PEN derivatives have larger electron transfer integrals and lower energy levels of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals as well as smaller electron reorganization energies, which provides a three-in-one advantage for electron transport. Fascinatingly, the data obtained from the hopping and band models both suggest that the 4N-PEN derivatives have the intrinsic property of electron transport. Thus, the 4N-PEN derivatives have the potential for preparing n-type organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Tang
- College of Geo-exploration Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130026, People's Republic of China; Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Smith MF, Cassidy SJ, Adams IA, Vasiliu M, Gerlach DL, Dixon DA, Rupar PA. Substituent Effects on the Properties of Borafluorenes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory F. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
| | - S. Joel Cassidy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
| | - Ian A. Adams
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
| | - Deidra L. Gerlach
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0036, United States
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23
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Navarro A, Fernández-Liencres MP, Peña-Ruiz T, García G, Granadino-Roldán JM, Fernández-Gómez M. Effect of five-membered ring and heteroatom substitution on charge transport properties of perylene discotic derivatives: A theoretical approach. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:054903. [PMID: 27497578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the evolvement of charge transport properties of a set of new discotic systems as a function of ring and heteroatom (B, Si, S, and Se) substitution on the basic structure of perylene. The replacement of six-membered rings by five-membered rings in the reference compound has shown a prominent effect on the electron reorganization energy that decreases ∼0.2 eV from perylene to the new carbon five-membered ring derivative. Heteroatom substitution with boron also revealed to lower the LUMO energy level and increase the electron affinity, therefore lowering the electron injection barrier compared to perylene. Since the rate of the charge transfer between two molecules in columnar discotic systems is strongly dependent on the orientation of the stacked cores, the total energy and transfer integral of a dimer as a disc is rotated with respect to the other along the stacking axis have been predicted. Aimed at obtaining a more realistic approach to the bulk structure, the molecular geometry of clusters made up of five discs was fully optimized, and charge transfer rate and mobilities were estimated for charge transport along a one dimensional pathway. Heteroatom substitution with selenium yields electron transfer integral values ∼0.3 eV with a relative disc orientation of 25°, which is the preferred angle according to the dimer energy profile. All the results indicate that the tetraselenium-substituted derivative, not synthetized so far, could be a promising candidate among those studied in this work for the fabrication of n-type semiconductors based on columnar discotic liquid crystals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Navarro
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - M Paz Fernández-Liencres
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Tomás Peña-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Gregorio García
- Instituto de Energía Solar and Departamento TFB, E.T.S.I. Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José M Granadino-Roldán
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
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Zhu R, Duan YA, Geng Y, Wei CY, Chen XY, Liao Y. Theoretical evaluation on the reorganization energy of five-ring-fused benzothiophene derivatives. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Theoretical investigation on electronic, optical, and charge transport properties of new anthracene derivatives. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Shuai Z, Geng H, Xu W, Liao Y, André JM. From charge transport parameters to charge mobility in organic semiconductors through multiscale simulation. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:2662-79. [PMID: 24394992 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60319a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review introduces the development and application of a multiscale approach to assess the charge mobility for organic semiconductors, which combines quantum chemistry, Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC), and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. This approach is especially applicable in describing a large class of organic semiconductors with intermolecular electronic coupling (V) much less than intramolecular charge reorganization energy (λ), a situation where the band description fails obviously. The charge transport is modeled as successive charge hopping from one molecule to another. We highlight the quantum nuclear tunneling effect in the charge transfer, beyond the semiclassical Marcus theory. Such an effect is essential for interpreting the "paradoxical" experimental finding that optical measurement indicated "local charge" while electrical measurement indicated "bandlike". Coupled MD and KMC simulations demonstrated that the dynamic disorder caused by intermolecular vibration has negligible effect on the carrier mobility. We further apply the approach for molecular design of n-type materials and for rationalization of experimental results. The charge reorganization energy is analyzed through decomposition into internal coordinates relaxation, so that chemical structure contributions to the intramolecular electron-phonon interaction are revealed and give helpful indication to reduce the charge reorganization energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China.
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27
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Pouladsaz D, Schreiber M, Gopakumar TG. DFT study of vibronic properties of d8 (Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-) phthalocyanines. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:014306. [PMID: 23298040 DOI: 10.1063/1.4773014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
By means of density functional theory, we have studied the electronic structure and vibronic properties of single neutral NiPc, PdPc, and PtPc molecules and their singly and doubly ionized cations and anions. In particular, the vibronic couplings and reorganization energies of all systems are compared. Partitioning of the reorganization energy, corresponding to the photoelectron spectra of the first and second ionizations of studied molecules, into normal mode contributions shows that the major contributions are due to several vibrational modes with a(1g) symmetry and energies lower than 1600 cm(-1). The results reveal that the reorganization energy due to the singly positive ionization in the studied molecules is up to about one order of magnitude less than other reorganization energies. This makes these metal phthalocyanines, from the perspective of intramolecular reorganization energies, attractive as electron donor for intramolecular electron transfer in electron acceptor-donor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pouladsaz
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Vaissier V, Barnes P, Kirkpatrick J, Nelson J. Influence of polar medium on the reorganization energy of charge transfer between dyes in a dye sensitized film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4804-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Padmaperuma AB. Homoleptic phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes with charge transporting groups: a theoretical study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2012.735770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Chen XK, Zou LY, Guo JF, Ren AM. An efficient strategy for designing n-type organic semiconductor materials—introducing a six-membered imide ring into aromatic diimides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm15935j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Zhao G, Dong H, Zhao H, Jiang L, Zhang X, Tan J, Meng Q, Hu W. Substitution effect on molecular packing and transistor performance of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14891e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Tang XD, Liao Y, Geng H, Shuai ZG. Fascinating effect of dehydrogenation on the transport properties of N-heteropentacenes: transformation from p- to n-type semiconductor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm33039c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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