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Mei H, Wang G, Xu Y, He H, Yao J, He S. Simultaneous measurement of methane, propane and isobutane using a compact mid-infrared photoacoustic spectrophone. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 39:100635. [PMID: 39211429 PMCID: PMC11357799 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon gas sensing is a challenging task using laser absorption spectroscopy due to the complex and broad structure of absorption lines. This application requires quick, accurate and highly sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases concentrations. In this paper, a compact photoacoustic spectrophone was developed to simultaneously measure methane, propane and isobutane. This spectrophone uses wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with a single acoustic resonator and a single DFB laser emitting at 3368 nm, which greatly reduces the system complexity without using time-division multiplexing technology for multi-gas sensing. Due to the complex and broadband absorption of hydrocarbon gases, a novel signal processing method based on multilinear regression with Ridge regression (MLR-RG) is proposed to reduce the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of spectra signal. For single gas measurement, the detection limits of methane, propane, and isobutane are determined to be 828 ppb, 419 ppb, and 619 ppb (SNR = 1, integration time = 20 s), respectively. For simultaneous multi-gas sensing in a gaseous mixture, the detection limits of propane and isobutane are determined to be 7 ppb, 68 ppb with an integration time of 860 s, 460 s, respectively. The measurement accuracy of propane and isobutane using MLR-RG is higher than that of ordinary least squares regression and partial least squares regression by 75% and 60%, respectively. The proposed algorithm based on MLR-RG provides a promising approach to process the broad overlapping absorption spectra for accurately retrieving hydrocarbon gases concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyu Mei
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Ningbo Innovation Center, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, China
| | - Gaoxuan Wang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Ningbo Innovation Center, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yinghe Xu
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haijie He
- Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - Sailing He
- Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Taizhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instruments, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Electromagnetic Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
The objective in this work has been one which I have shared with the two other 1986 Nobel lecturers in chemistry, D. R. Herschbach and Y. T. Lee, as well as with a wide group of colleagues and co-workers who have been responsible for bringing this field to its current state. That state is summarized in the title; we now have some concepts relevant to the motions of atoms and molecules in simple reactions, and some examples of the application of these concepts. We are, however, richer in vocabulary than in literature. The great epics of reaction dynamics remain to be written. I shall confine myself to some simple stories.
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