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Zhang X, Liu L, Li W, Wang C, Wang J, Fang WH, Chen X. Extended Single-Electron Transfer Model and Dynamically Associated Energy Transfer Event in a Dual-Functional Catalyst System. JACS AU 2023; 3:1452-1463. [PMID: 37234115 PMCID: PMC10206599 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic photocatalysis has been developed flourishingly to rely on bimolecular energy transfer (EnT) or oxidative/reductive electron transfer (ET), promoting a variety of synthetic transformations. However, there are rare examples to merge EnT and ET processes rationally within one chemical system, of which the mechanistic investigation still remains in its infancy. Herein, the first mechanistic illustration and kinetic assessments of the dynamically associated EnT and ET paths were conducted for realizing the C-H functionalization in a cascade photochemical transformation of isomerization and cyclization by using the dual-functional organic photocatalyst of riboflavin. An extended single-electron transfer model of transition-state-coupled dual-nonadiabatic crossings was explored to analyze the dynamic behaviors in the proton transfer-coupled cyclization. This can also be used to clarify the dynamic correlation with the EnT-driven E → Z photoisomerization that has been kinetically evaluated by using Fermi's golden rule with the Dexter model. The present computational results of electron structures and kinetic data contribute to a fundamental basis for understanding the photocatalytic mechanism of the combined operation of EnT and ET strategies, which will guide the design and manipulation for the implementation of multiple activation modes based on a single photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- College
of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing
Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie
No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
- Laboratory
of Beam Technology and Energy Materials, Advanced Institute of Natural
Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
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Ma X, Paul AK, Hase WL. Chemical Dynamics Simulations of Benzene Dimer Dissociation. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6631-40. [PMID: 26024045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Classical chemical dynamics simulations were performed to study the intramolecular and unimolecular dissociation dynamics of the benzene dimer, Bz2 → 2 Bz. The dissociation of microcanonical ensembles of Bz2 vibrational states, at energies E corresponding to temperatures T of 700-1500 K, were simulated. For the large Bz2 energies and large number of Bz2 vibrational degrees of freedom, s, the classical microcanonical (RRKM) and canonical (TST) rate constant expressions become identical. The dissociation rate constant for each T is determined from the initial rate dN(t)/dt of Bz2 dissociation, and the k(T) are well-represented by the Arrhenius eq k(T) = A exp(-E(a)/RT). The E(a) of 2.02 kcal/mol agrees well with the Bz2 dissociation energy of 2.32 kcal/mol, and the A-factor of 2.43 × 10(12) s(-1) is of the expected order-of-magnitude. The form of N(t) is nonexponential, resulting from weak coupling between the Bz2 intramolecular and intermolecular modes. With this weak coupling, large Bz2 vibrational excitation, and low Bz2 dissociation energy, most of the trajectories dissociate directly. Simulations, with only the Bz2 intramolecular modes excited at 1000 K, were also performed to study intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) between the intramolecular and intermolecular modes. Because of restricted IVR, the initial dissociation is quite slow, but N(t) ultimately becomes exponential, suggesting an IVR time of 20.7 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Amit K Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - William L Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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Kolakkandy S, Paul AK, Pratihar S, Kohale SC, Barnes GL, Wang H, Hase WL. Energy and temperature dependent dissociation of the Na+(benzene)1,2 clusters: Importance of anharmonicity. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:044306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4906232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sujitha Kolakkandy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Amit K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Subha Pratihar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - Swapnil C. Kohale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
| | - George L. Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211-1462, USA
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - William L. Hase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Abstract
The implementation of variational transition state theory (VTST) for long-range asymptotic potential forms is considered, with particular emphasis on the energy and total angular momentum resolved (microJ-VTST) implementation. A long-range transition state approximation yields a remarkably simple and universal description of the kinetics of reactions governed by long-range interactions. The resulting (microJ-VTST) implementation is shown to yield capture-rate coefficients that compare favorably with those from trajectory simulations (deviating by less than 10%) for a wide variety of neutral and ionic long-range potential forms. Simple analytic results are derived for many of these cases. A brief comparison with a variety of low-temperature experimental studies illustrates the power of this approach as an analysis tool. The present VTST approach allows for a simple analysis of the applicability conditions for some related theoretical approaches. It also provides an estimate of the temperature or energy at which the "long-range transition state" moves to such short separations that short-range effects, such as chemical bonding, steric repulsion, and electronic state selectivity, must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Georgievskii
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, USA.
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Kharroubi M, de Sainte Claire P. The Pitzer Free Rotor Model for Nondegenerate Modes: Application to the Long-Range Behavior of Halogen Radical Reactions with Substituted Olefins. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0258614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kharroubi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR6517, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 521, Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, France
| | - Pascal de Sainte Claire
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique, UMR6517, CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille I et III, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, Case 521, Marseille, 13397 Cedex 20, France
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Truhlar DG, Garrett BC, Klippenstein SJ. Current Status of Transition-State Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953748q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1585] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputer Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431
| | - Bruce C. Garrett
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, MS K1-96, Richland, Washington 99352
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Peslherbe GH, Hase WL. Comparison of zero‐point energy constrained and quantum anharmonic Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus and phase space theory rate constants for Al3dissociation. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.471704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Wei J, Meng Q, Su T. Trajectory studies of the reaction F −+HCl→HF+Cl −. I. Reaction rate constant. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Peslherbe GH, Hase WL. A comparison of classical trajectory and statistical unimolecular rate theory calculations of Al3decomposition. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Nyman G, Clary DC. Quantum scattering calculations on the CH4+OH→CH3+H2O reaction. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Marković N. Estimation of complex formation rate constants for collisions between diatomic molecules. Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(94)00239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Hase WL, Zhu L. An analytic hindered rotor model for calculating microcanonical variational unimolecular rate constants from reaction path properties. INT J CHEM KINET 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.550260404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Complex formation in X+ + H2 collisions. Statistical estimation of ion-quadrupole capture rate constants. Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(92)80031-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smith SC. Angular‐momentum resolution in transitional‐mode state counting for loose transition states. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.463960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Hase WL, Darling CL, Zhu L. Dynamics of ion–molecule recombination. V. A study of energy transfer pathways. J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Smith SC. Microscopic rate coefficients in reactions with flexible transition states: Analysis of the transitional‐mode sum of states. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.460846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Aubanel EE, Wardlaw DM, Zhu L, Hase WL. Role of angular momentum in statistical unimolecular rate theory. INT REV PHYS CHEM 1991. [DOI: 10.1080/01442359109353259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Truhlar DG. A simple approximation for the vibrational partition function of a hindered internal rotation. J Comput Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.540120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Vande Linde SR, Hase WL. Trajectory studies of SN2 nucleophilic substitution. I. Dynamics of Cl−+CH3Cl reactive collisions. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Song K, Chesnavich WJ. Multiple transition states in chemical reactions. II. The effect of angular momentum in variational studies of HO2and HeH+2systems. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.459569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Leuchtner RE, Harms AC, Castleman AW. Metal cluster cation reactions: Carbon monoxide association to Cu+n ions. J Chem Phys 1990. [DOI: 10.1063/1.458288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Angular momentum dependence of variational transition states for selected association reactions. Chem Phys Lett 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(90)85085-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Marković N, Nordholm S. Quantum effects on ion–dipole capture rate coefficients. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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27
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Song K, Chesnavich WJ. Multiple transition states in chemical reactions: Variational transition state theory studies of the HO2and HeH+2systems. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.456757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Marković N, Nordholm S. Simple estimation of thermal capture rates for ion-dipole collisions by canonical effective potential methods. Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(89)87010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hase WL, Hu X. A semi-empirical canonical variational transition state theory model for association reactions without potential energy barriers. Chem Phys Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(89)87092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Creasy WR, Farrar JM. Reactive scattering from double minimum potentials: Li+ catalyzed elimination reactions of alkyl halides. J Chem Phys 1987. [DOI: 10.1063/1.453645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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