1
|
Zhang X, Liu L, Li W, Wang C, Wang J, Fang WH, Chen X. Extended Single-Electron Transfer Model and Dynamically Associated Energy Transfer Event in a Dual-Functional Catalyst System. JACS Au 2023; 3:1452-1463. [PMID: 37234115 PMCID: PMC10206599 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic photocatalysis has been developed flourishingly to rely on bimolecular energy transfer (EnT) or oxidative/reductive electron transfer (ET), promoting a variety of synthetic transformations. However, there are rare examples to merge EnT and ET processes rationally within one chemical system, of which the mechanistic investigation still remains in its infancy. Herein, the first mechanistic illustration and kinetic assessments of the dynamically associated EnT and ET paths were conducted for realizing the C-H functionalization in a cascade photochemical transformation of isomerization and cyclization by using the dual-functional organic photocatalyst of riboflavin. An extended single-electron transfer model of transition-state-coupled dual-nonadiabatic crossings was explored to analyze the dynamic behaviors in the proton transfer-coupled cyclization. This can also be used to clarify the dynamic correlation with the EnT-driven E → Z photoisomerization that has been kinetically evaluated by using Fermi's golden rule with the Dexter model. The present computational results of electron structures and kinetic data contribute to a fundamental basis for understanding the photocatalytic mechanism of the combined operation of EnT and ET strategies, which will guide the design and manipulation for the implementation of multiple activation modes based on a single photosensitizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Weijia Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- College
of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing
Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie
No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
- Laboratory
of Beam Technology and Energy Materials, Advanced Institute of Natural
Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xin-wai-da-jie No. 19, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Żuromska-Witek B, Żmudzki P, Szlósarczyk M, Maślanka A, Hubicka U. Development and Validation of Stability-Indicating HPLC Methods for the Estimation of Lomefloxacin and Balofloxacin Oxidation Process under ACVA, H2O2, or KMnO4 Treatment. Kinetic Evaluation and Identification of Degradation Products by Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2020; 25:E5251. [PMID: 33187198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of lomefloxacin (LOM) and balofloxacin (BAL) under the influence of azo initiator of radical reactions of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACVA) and H2O2 was examined. Oxidation using H2O2 was performed at room temperature while using ACVA at temperatures: 40, 50, 60 °C. Additionally, the oxidation process of BAL under the influence of KMnO4 in an acidic medium was investigated. New stability-indicating HPLC methods were developed in order to evaluate the oxidation process. Chromatographic analysis was carried out using the Kinetex 5u XB—C18 100A column, Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA) (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size, core shell type). The chromatographic separation was achieved while using isocratic elution and a mobile phase with the composition of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH = 3.20 adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (87:13 v/v for LOM; 80:20 v/v for BAL). The column was maintained at 30 °C. The methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines, and it was found that they met the acceptance criteria. An oxidation process followed kinetics of the second order reaction. The most probable structures of LOM and BAL degradation products formed were assigned by the UHPLC/MS/MS method.
Collapse
|
3
|
García-Varela L, Arif WM, Vállez García D, Kakiuchi T, Ohba H, Harada N, Tago T, Elsinga PH, Tsukada H, Colabufo NA, Dierckx RAJO, van Waarde A, Toyohara J, Boellaard R, Luurtsema G. Pharmacokinetic Modeling of [ 18F]MC225 for Quantification of the P-Glycoprotein Function at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Non-Human Primates with PET. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3477-3486. [PMID: 32787277 PMCID: PMC7482398 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
![]()
[18F]MC225 has been developed as a weak substrate of
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) aimed to measure changes in the P-gp function
at the blood–brain barrier with positron emission tomography.
This study evaluates [18F]MC225 kinetics in non-human primates
and investigates the effect of both scan duration and P-gp inhibition.
Three rhesus monkeys underwent two 91-min dynamic scans with blood
sampling at baseline and after P-gp inhibition (8 mg/kg tariquidar).
Data were analyzed using the 1-tissue compartment model (1-TCM) and
2-tissue compartment model (2-TCM) fits using metabolite-corrected
plasma as the input function and for various scan durations (10, 20,
30, 60, and 91 min). The preferred model was chosen according to the
Akaike information criterion and the standard errors (%) of the estimated
parameters. For the 91-min scan duration, the influx constant K1 increased by 40.7% and the volume of distribution
(VT) by 30.4% after P-gp inhibition, while
the efflux constant k2 did not change
significantly. Similar changes were found for all evaluated scan durations. K1 did not depend on scan duration (10 min—K1 = 0.2191 vs 91 min—K1 = 0.2258), while VT and k2 did. A scan duration of 10 min seems sufficient
to properly evaluate the P-gp function using K1 obtained with 1-TCM. For the 91-min scan, VT and K1 can be estimated
with a 2-TCM, and both parameters can be used to assess P-gp function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara García-Varela
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Wejdan M Arif
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Vállez García
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Takeharu Kakiuchi
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohba
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Norihiro Harada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Tago
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Hideo Tsukada
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics KK, 5000 Hirakuchi, Hamakita, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 434-8601, Japan
| | - Nicola Antonio Colabufo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70121, Italy.,Biofordrug, Spin-off Università degli Studi di Bari "A. Moro", via Dante 99, Triggiano, Bari 70019, Italy
| | - Rudi A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Toyohara
- Research Team for Neuroimaging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ronald Boellaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, P.O. Box 30001, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kryczyk A, Żmudzki P, Hubicka U. Determination of bifonazole and identification of its photocatalytic degradation products using UPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28186351 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the presented work was to investigate the effect of ZnO or/and TiO2 on the stability of bifonazole in solutions under UVA irradiation. To this end, a simple and reproducible UPLC method for the determination of bifonazole in the presence of its photocatalytic degradation products was developed. Linearity was studied in the range of 0.0046-0.15 mg mL-1 with a determination coefficient of 0.9996. Bifonazole underwent a photocatalytic degradation process under the experimental conditions used. Comparative studies showed that combination of TiO2 /ZnO (1:1 w/w) was a more effective catalyst than TiO2 or ZnO with a degradation rate of up to 67.57% after 24 h of irradiation. Further, kinetic analyses indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of bifonazole in the mixture of TiO2 /ZnO can be described by a pseudo-first order reaction. Statistical comparison clearly indicated that the presence of TiO2 /ZnO also affected the stability of bifonazole from a cream preparation after 15 h of UVA exposure (p < 0.05). Ten photodegradation products of bifonazole were identified for the first time and their plausible fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. The main pathway in the photocatalytic transformation of bifonazole in the presence of ZnO or/and TiO2 involves hydroxylation of the methanetriyl group and/or adjacent phenyl rings and cleavage of the imidazole moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kryczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kryczyk A, Żmudzki P, Hubicka U. Determination of itraconazole and its photodegradation products with kinetic evaluation by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1733-1743. [PMID: 27116708 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of itraconazole (ITZ) and its photodegradation products formed during exposure to UV-A radiation was developed. Chromatographic separations were carried out using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm particle size). The column was maintained at 40°C, and eluted under gradient conditions from 100% to 50% of eluent A over 13 min, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1 . Eluent A was 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water; eluent B was 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile. The linear regression analysis for the calibration curve showed a good linear correlation over the concentration range 0.0066-0.15 mg mL-1 with determination coefficient > 0.99. The activities of some photocatalysts during degradation process of ITZ were compared. It was found that indirect photodegradation of ITZ was more effective than direct photolysis. Under our experimental conditions the photodegradation rate constant depended on the applied catalysts with catalytic activity decreasing in the following pattern: FeCl3 > TiO2 /FeCl3 > TiO2 . The kinetic analysis of the photodegradation data revealed that the degradation of the ITZ follows first-order kinetics. The photodegradation products of ITZ were identified, and their fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kryczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|