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Mawale R, Halenkovič T, Bouška M, Gutwirth J, Nazabal V, Bora PL, Pečinka L, Prokeš L, Havel J, Němec P. Mass spectrometric investigation of amorphous Ga-Sb-Se thin films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10213. [PMID: 31308483 PMCID: PMC6629872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous chalcogenide thin films are widely studied due to their enhanced properties and extensive applications. Here, we have studied amorphous Ga-Sb-Se chalcogenide thin films prepared by magnetron co-sputtering, via laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of the generated clusters was determined which gives information about individual species present in the plasma plume originating from the interaction of amorphous chalcogenides with high energy laser pulses. Seven different compositions of thin films (Ga content 7.6–31.7 at. %, Sb content 5.2–31.2 at. %, Se content 61.2–63.3 at. %) were studied and in each case about ~50 different clusters were identified in positive and ~20–30 clusters in negative ion mode. Assuming that polymers can influence the laser desorption (laser ablation) process, we have used parafilm as a material to reduce the destruction of the amorphous network structure and/or promote the laser ablation synthesis of heavier species from those of lower mass. In this case, many new and higher mass clusters were identified. The maximum number of (40) new clusters was detected for the Ga-Sb-Se thin film containing the highest amount of antimony (31.2 at. %). This approach opens new possibilities for laser desorption ionization/laser ablation study of other materials. Finally, for selected binary and ternary clusters, their structure was calculated by using density functional theory optimization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mawale
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Halenkovič
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Marek Bouška
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gutwirth
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Pankaj Lochan Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pečinka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Prokeš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEPLANT, R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modification, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Huang F, Prokeš L, Havel J. Laser Ablation Generation of Antimony Selenide Clusters: Laser Desorption Ionization (LDI) Quadrupole Ion Trap Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:634-638. [PMID: 30648227 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The binary system Sb-Se was studied via laser ablation using antimony-selenium mixtures made from powdered elements in various ratios generating new SbmSen clusters. The results show that in addition to Sbm+ (m = 1-8) and Sen+ (n = 2-9) clusters, a series of SbmSen+ clusters such as SbSe1-8+, Sb2Se1-6+, Sb3Se1-5+, Sb4Se1-3+, and Sb5Se1,2+ is generated. In addition, some low intensity oxidized clusters like Se6O2+, Se7O2+, and SbSe2-6O5+ and partially hydroxylated clusters (SbSeO2H7+, SbSe5O4H+) are also formed. In total, 24 new antimony selenide clusters were generated. The knowledge gained can contribute to the elucidation of the structure of SbmSen glasses. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Prokeš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEPLANT, R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modification, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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3
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Lahm ME, Hoobler PR, Turney JM, Peterson KA, Schaefer HF. The bismuth tetramer Bi4: the ν3 key to experimental observation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:21881-21889. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03529f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic identification of Bi4 has been very elusive. Two constitutional Bi4 isomers of Td and C2v symmetry are investigated and each is found to be a local energetic minimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell E. Lahm
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- Georgia
| | - Preston R. Hoobler
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- Georgia
| | - Justin M. Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- Georgia
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- Georgia
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- University of Georgia
- Athens
- Georgia
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4
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Kelting R, Baldes A, Schwarz U, Rapps T, Schooss D, Weis P, Neiss C, Weigend F, Kappes MM. Structures of small bismuth cluster cations. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:154309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3703014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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5
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Duncan MA. Invited review article: laser vaporization cluster sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:041101. [PMID: 22559508 DOI: 10.1063/1.3697599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The laser vaporization cluster source has been used for the production of gas phase atomic clusters and metal-molecular complexes for 30 years. Numerous experiments in the chemistry and physics of clusters have employed this source. Its operation is simple in principle, but there are many subtle design features that influence the number and size of clusters produced, as well as their composition, charge state, and temperature. This article examines all aspects of the design of these cluster sources, discussing the relevant chemistry, physics, and mechanical aspects of experimental configurations employed by different labs. The principles detailed here provide a framework for the design and implementation of this source for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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Müller M, Saxey D, Smith G, Gault B. Some aspects of the field evaporation behaviour of GaSb. Ultramicroscopy 2011; 111:487-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Nowak M, Szperlich P, Talik E, Szala J, Rzychoń T, Stróz D, Nowrot A, Solecka B. Sonochemical preparation of antimony subiodide. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2010; 17:219-227. [PMID: 19540144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The substantiated isolation of the antimony subiodide (Sb(3)I) is presented for the first time. It has been prepared using elemental Sb and I in ethanol under ultrasonic irradiation at 323 K. Its composition was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations exhibit that the samples are made up of large quantity of nanoparticles with diameters smaller than 20 nm and single crystalline in nature. The interplanar spacings in Sb(3)I that have been determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and HRTEM are very similar. Surprisingly, the registered XRD patterns are identical to the one reported earlier for Sb(4)O(5)I(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nowak
- Solid State Physics Section, Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland.
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8
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Li Z, Zhao C, Chen L. Structure and aromaticity of , Bi5M (M=Li, Na, K) and Bi5M+ (M=Be, Mg, Ca) clusters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2007.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Maroulis G. Cluster size effect on the electric polarizability and hyperpolarizability in small antimony clusters Sbn, n=1,2 and 4. Chem Phys Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Zhai HJ, Wang LS, Kuznetsov AE, Boldyrev AI. Probing the Electronic Structure and Aromaticity of Pentapnictogen Cluster Anions Pn5- (Pn = P, As, Sb, and Bi) Using Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020115k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Kaiser B, Bernhardt TM, Kinne M, Rademann K, Heidenreich A. Formation, stability, and structures of antimony oxide cluster ions. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kinne M, Bernhardt T, Kaiser B, Rademann K. Formation and stability of antimony and bismuth oxide clusters: a mass spectrometric investigation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1176(97)00041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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France MR, Buchanan JW, Robinson JC, Pullins SH, Tucker JL, King RB, Duncan MA. Antimony and Bismuth Oxide Clusters: Growth and Decomposition of New Magic Number Clusters. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - J. W. Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - J. C. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - S. H. Pullins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - J. L. Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - R. B. King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Sundararajan V, Kumar V. Abinitiomolecular dynamics study of antimony clusters. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.468781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Venkatesh R, Lucchese RR, Marlow WH, Schulte J. Thermal collision rate constants for small nickel clusters of size 2–14 atoms. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Zhao M, Gimarc BM. Three-dimensional Hückel molecular orbital energy level correlation diagrams for polyhedral rearrangements. Polyhedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0277-5387(94)00407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bréchignac C, Cahuzac P, Carlier F, de Frutos M, Leygnier J, Roux JP. Coulombic fission and evaporation of antimony cluster ions. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.469189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Kumar V. Electronic and atomic stuctures of Sb4 and Sb8 clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1993; 48:8470-8473. [PMID: 10007051 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.8470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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23
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Yamada Y, Deng D, Snyder E, Castleman A. Copper/antimony and copper/bismuth alloy clusters: magic numbers and electronic structure. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)85577-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Zhang H, Balasubramanian K. Electronic structure of the group V tetramers (P4–Bi4). J Chem Phys 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.462979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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Bréchignac C, Broyer M, Cahuzac P, Labastie P, Roux J. Shape resonance in 4d inner-shell photoionization spectra of antimony clusters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:1222-1225. [PMID: 10044091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Balasubramanian K, Sumathi K, Dai D. Group V trimers and their positive ions: The electronic structure and potential energy surfaces. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.460852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cheng P, Willey K, Salcido J, Duncan M. Resonance-enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy of mass-selected metal cluster cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(90)80052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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28
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Collision-induced dissociation of positive and negative copper oxide cluster ions generated by direct laser desorption/ionization of copper oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(90)80055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Secondary ion fourier transform mass spectrometry: a new approach towards the study of metal cluster ion chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1176(90)80040-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Rayane D, Melinon P, Tribollet B, Cabaud B, Hoareau A, Broyer M. Binding energy and electronic properties in antimony clusters: Comparison with bismuth clusters. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.457626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Beck SM. Mixed metal–silicon clusters formed by chemical reaction in a supersonic molecular beam: Implications for reactions at the metal/silicon interface. J Chem Phys 1989. [DOI: 10.1063/1.456684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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