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Yamaguchi S, Otosu T. Progress in phase-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18253-18267. [PMID: 34195730 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01994e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is a unique and powerful tool for investigating surfaces and interfaces at the molecular level. Phase-sensitive SFG (PS-SFG) is an upgraded technique that can overcome the inherent drawbacks of conventional SFG. Here we review several methods of PS-SFG developed and reported in 1990-2020. We introduce how and by which group each PS-SFG method was designed and built in terms of interferometer implementation for optical heterodyne detection, with one exception of a recent numerical method that does not rely on interferometry. We also discuss how PS-SFG solved some typical problems for aqueous interfaces that were once left open by conventional SFG. These problems and their solutions are good examples to demonstrate why PS-SFG is essential. In addition, we briefly note a few terminology issues related with PS-SFG to avoid confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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Jarota A, Pastorczak E, Tawfik W, Xue B, Kania R, Abramczyk H, Kobayashi T. Exploring the ultrafast dynamics of a diarylethene derivative using sub-10 fs laser pulses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:192-204. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05882b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The fast internal conversion S1 → S0 of a diarylethenes photoswitch, facilitated by two vibrational stretching modes, results in a low quantum yield of the ring-opening reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Jarota
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
- Advanced Ultrafast Laser Research Center, University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
| | - Ewa Pastorczak
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology
- 90-924 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Walid Tawfik
- Advanced Ultrafast Laser Research Center, University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
- Japan
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences NILES, Cairo University
- Cairo
| | - Bing Xue
- Advanced Ultrafast Laser Research Center, University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
- Japan
| | - Rafał Kania
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology
- 93-590 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Takayoshi Kobayashi
- Advanced Ultrafast Laser Research Center, University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
- Japan
- Brain Science Inspired Life Support Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications
- Chofu
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3
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Ozawa A, Kobayashi T. Puzzling spectral structures of molecular vibration observed in ultrafast pump–probe experiment of transparent material. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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4
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Infrared-induced coherent vibration of a hydrogen-bonded system: Effects of mechanical and electrical anharmonic couplings. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:044512. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3181777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Elola MD, Ladanyi BM, Scodinu A, Loughnane BJ, Fourkas JT. Effects of Molecular Association on Polarizability Relaxation in Liquid Mixtures of Benzene and Hexafluorobenzene. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:24085-99. [PMID: 16375401 DOI: 10.1021/jp054733n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have studied the relaxation dynamics of the many-body polarizability anisotropy in liquid mixtures of benzene (Bz) and hexafluorobenzene (Hf) at room temperature by femtosecond optical heterodyne-detected Raman-induced Kerr effect spectroscopy (OHD-RIKES) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The computed polarizability response arising from intermolecular interactions was included using the first-order dipole-induced-dipole model with the molecular polarizability distributed over the carbon sites of each molecule. We found good qualitative agreement between experiments and simulations in the features exhibited by the nuclear response function R(t) for pure liquids and mixtures. The long-time diffusive decay of R(t) was observed to vary substantially with composition, slowing down noticeably with dilution of each of the species as compared with that in the corresponding pure liquids. MD simulation shows that the effect on R(t) is due to the formation of strong and localized intermolecular association between Bz and Hf species that hinder the rotational diffusive dynamics. The formation of these Bz-Hf complexes in the liquid mixtures also modifies the rotational diffusive dynamics of the component species in such a way that cannot be explained solely in terms of a viscosity effect. Even though the computed orientational diffusive relaxation times associated with Bz and Hf are larger by a factor of approximately 2 than those from experiments, we found similar trends in experiments and simulations for these characteristic times as a function of composition. Namely, the collective and single-molecule orientational correlation times associated with Bz are observed to grow monotonically with the dilution of Bz, while those corresponding to Hf species exhibit a maximum at the equimolar composition. We attribute the quantitative discrepancy between experiments and simulations to the use of the Williams potential, which seems to overestimate the intermolecular interactions and thus predicts not only a slower translational dynamics but also a slower rotational diffusion dynamics than in real fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dolores Elola
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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6
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Ryu S, Stratt RM. A Case Study in the Molecular Interpretation of Optical Kerr Effect Spectra: Instantaneous-Normal-Mode Analysis of the OKE Spectrum of Liquid Benzene. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0375665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seol Ryu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Richard M. Stratt
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
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7
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Ziegler LD, Peng J, Constantine S. Polarization Specific Ultrafast Nuclear Dichroic Responses: Raman Spectral Density Recovery and Coherent Coupling Effects. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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8
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Slepkov AD, Hegmann FA, Zhao Y, Tykwinski RR, Kamada K. Ultrafast optical Kerr effect measurements of third-order nonlinearities in cross-conjugatediso-polydiacetylene oligomers. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1447908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Furuya T, Teja AS. Krichevskii Parameters and the Solubility of Heavy n-Alkanes in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ie000324w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Furuya
- School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 778 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
| | - Amyn S. Teja
- School of Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 778 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100
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Khalil M, Golonzka O, Demirdöven N, Fecko C, Tokmakoff A. Polarization-selective femtosecond Raman spectroscopy of isotropic and anisotropic vibrational dynamics in liquids. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Zhou Y, Constantine S, Harrel S, Ziegler LD. The probe frequency dependence of nonresonant femtosecond pump–probe nuclear responses: Undercutting vibrational inhomogeneities. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Kamada K, Ueda M, Ohta K, Wang Y, Ushida K, Tominaga Y. Molecular dynamics of thiophene homologues investigated by femtosecond optical Kerr effect and low frequency Raman scattering spectroscopies. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.477791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan H. Harvey
- Physical and Chemical Properties Division, Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80303
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14
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Silverstein KAT, Haymet ADJ, Dill KA. A Simple Model of Water and the Hydrophobic Effect. J Am Chem Soc 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ja973029k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. T. Silverstein
- Contribution from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-1204, and School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A. D. J. Haymet
- Contribution from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-1204, and School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ken A. Dill
- Contribution from the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-1204, and School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Constantine S, Zhou Y, Morais J, Ziegler LD. Dispersed Optical Heterodyne Detected Birefringence and Dichroism of Transparent Liquids. J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp971227s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Constantine
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Y. Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - J. Morais
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - L. D. Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
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16
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Kamada K, Ueda M, Sakaguchi T, Ohta K, Fukumi T. Femtosecond optical Kerr study of heavy atom effects on the third-order optical nonlinearity of thiophene homologues: purely electronic contribution. Chem Phys Lett 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(96)01185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Chang YJ, Castner EW. Intermolecular Dynamics of Substituted Benzene and Cyclohexane Liquids, Studied by Femtosecond Nonlinear-Optical Polarization Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952073o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Joon Chang
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
| | - Edward W. Castner
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000
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19
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Cong P, Simon JD, She CY. Intermolecular spectral densities of liquids: A quantitative comparison of time‐domain and frequency‐domain techniques. J Chem Phys 1996. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Direct comparison of femtosecond Fourier-transform Raman spectrum with spontaneous light scattering spectrum. Chem Phys Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(95)00218-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Ziegler LD, Fan R, Desrosiers AE, Scherer NF. Femtosecond polarization spectroscopy: A density matrix description. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.467252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Friedman JS, She CY. The effects of molecular geometry on the depolarized stimulated gain spectra of simple liquids. J Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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23
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Tokunaga E, Terasaki A, Kobayashi T. Femtosecond time-resolved dispersion relations studied with a frequency-domain interferometer. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1993; 47:R4581-R4584. [PMID: 9909568 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.47.r4581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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24
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McMorrow D, Lotshaw WT. Evidence for low-frequency (≈ 15 cm−1) collective modes in benzene and pyridine liquids. Chem Phys Lett 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2614(93)85085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Hattori T, Okawa H, Wada T, Sasabe H. Subpicosecond interferometric measurement of the nonlinear refractive index of poly(3-hexylthiophene). OPTICS LETTERS 1992; 17:1560-1562. [PMID: 19798245 DOI: 10.1364/ol.17.001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We measured the magnitude and the time response of the nonlinear refractive index (n(2)) of poly(3-hexylthiophene)by a femtosecond time-resolved interferometric technique. Decays of 320 fs and 3.0 ps were found. The n(2) value obtained was -6 x 10(-9) esu at 620 nm. Calculation of the dispersion of n(2) showed that the negative value is consistent with that of a four-level model.
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Tokunaga E, Terasaki A, Kobayashi T. Frequency-domain interferometer for femtosecond time-resolved phase spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 1992; 17:1131-1133. [PMID: 19794741 DOI: 10.1364/ol.17.001131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new femtosecond time-resolved interferometer was developed that utilizes interference fringes in the frequency domain to obtain simultaneously difference phase spectra (DPS) and difference transmission spectra with a multichannel spectrometer. For the first time to our knowledge, transient oscillations were observed in DPS and the spectral shift of a probe pulse was time resolved together with the rise in DPS, which is clear evidence for induced phase modulation in absorptive materials.
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