1
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Souna AJ, Motevaselian MH, Polster JW, Tran JD, Siwy ZS, Aluru NR, Fourkas JT. Beyond the electrical double layer model: ion-dependent effects in nanoscale solvent organization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6726-6735. [PMID: 38323484 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The nanoscale organization of electrolyte solutions at interfaces is often described well by the electrical double-layer model. However, a recent study has shown that this model breaks down in solutions of LiClO4 in acetonitrile at a silica interface, because the interface imposes a strong structuring in the solvent that in turn determines the preferred locations of cations and anions. As a surprising consequence of this organisation, the effective surface potential changes from negative at low electrolyte concentration to positive at high electrolyte concentration. Here we combine previous ion-current measurements with vibrational sum-frequency-generation spectroscopy experiments and molecular dynamics simulations to explore how the localization of ions at the acetonitrile-silica interface depends on the sizes of the anions and cations. We observe a strong, synergistic effect of the cation and anion identities that can prompt a large difference in the ability of ions to partition to the silica surface, and thereby influence the effective surface potential. Our results have implications for a wide range of applications that involve electrolyte solutions in polar aprotic solvents at nanoscale interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Souna
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Mohammad H Motevaselian
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA.
| | - Jake W Polster
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jason D Tran
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Narayana R Aluru
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61820, USA.
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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2
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Kalpattu A, Dilbeck T, Hanson K, Fourkas JT. Correction: Extracting accurate information from triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion data with a mass-conserving kinetic model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:1462-1464. [PMID: 38095231 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp90241b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Correction for 'Extracting accurate information from triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion data with a mass-conserving kinetic model' by Abhishek Kalpattu et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2022, 24, 28174-28190, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2CP03986A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kalpattu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20817, USA
| | - Tristan Dilbeck
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20817, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20817, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20817, USA.
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3
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Silva S, Singh S, Cao E, Fourkas JT, Siwy ZS. Gating ion and fluid transport with chiral solvent. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:508-519. [PMID: 37427451 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00063j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of modern membranes for ionic separations and energy-storage devices such as supercapacitors depends on the description of ions at solid interfaces, as is often provided by the electrical double layer (EDL) model. The classical EDL model ignores, however, important factors such as possible spatial organization of solvent at the interface and the influence of the solvent on the spatial dependence of the electrochemical potential; these effects in turn govern electrokinetic phenomena. Here we provide a molecular-level understanding of how solvent structure can dictate ionic distributions at interfaces using a model system of a polar, aprotic solvent, propylene carbonate, in its enantiomerically pure and racemic forms, at a silica interface. We link the interfacial structure to the tuning of ionic and fluid transport by the chirality of the solvent and the salt concentration. The results of nonlinear spectroscopic experiments and electrochemical measurements suggest that the solvent exhibits lipid-bilayer-like interfacial organization, with a structure that is dependent on the solvent chirality. The racemic form creates highly ordered layered structure that dictates local ionic concentrations, such that the effective surface potential becomes positive in a wide range of electrolyte concentrations. The enantiomerically pure form exhibits weaker ordering at the silica surface, which leads to a lower effective surface charge induced by ions partitioning into the layered structure. The surface charge in silicon nitride and polymer pores is probed through the direction of electroosmosis that the surface charges induce. Our findings add a new dimension to the nascent field of chiral electrochemistry, and emphasize the importance of including solvent molecules in descriptions of solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Silva
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
| | - Ethan Cao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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4
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Gu S, Bull A, Perry JK, Huang A, Hourwitz MJ, Abostate M, Fourkas JT, Korchevskiy AA, Wylie AG, Losert W. Excitable systems: A new perspective on the cellular impact of elongate mineral particles. Environ Res 2023; 230:115353. [PMID: 36702187 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate how the geometry of elongate mineral particles (EMPs) in contact with cells influences esotaxis, a recently discovered mechanism of texture sensing. Esotaxis is based on cytoskeletal waves and oscillations that are nucleated, shaped, and steered by the texture of the surroundings. We find that all EMPs studied trigger an esotactic response in macrophages, and that this response dominates cytoskeletal activity in these immune cells. In contrast, epithelial cells show little to no esotactic response to the EMPs. These results are consistent with the distinct interactions of both cell types with ridged nanotopographies of dimensions comparable to those of asbestiform EMPs. Our findings raise the question of whether narrow, asbestiform EMPs may also dominate cytoskeletal activity in other types of immune cells that exhibit similar esotactic effects. These findings, together with prior studies of esotaxis, lead us to the hypothesis that asbestiform EMPs suppress the migration of immune cells and activate immune signaling, thereby outcompeting signals that would normally stimulate the immune system in nearby tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Gu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - Abby Bull
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States; Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - Jeneh K Perry
- CCDC Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Material Research Directorate, 6300 Rodman Road, Aberdeen, Proving Ground, MD 21005, United States
| | - Amilee Huang
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - Matt J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - Mona Abostate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States
| | - Andrey A Korchevskiy
- Chemistry & Industrial Hygiene, Inc., 5420 Ward Road, Suite 100, Arvada, CO 80002, United States
| | - Ann G Wylie
- Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Geology, University of Maryland, 8000 Regents Dr., College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States; Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
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5
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Yang Q, Miao Y, Banerjee P, Hourwitz MJ, Hu M, Qing Q, Iglesias PA, Fourkas JT, Losert W, Devreotes PN. Nanotopography modulates intracellular excitable systems through cytoskeleton actuation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218906120. [PMID: 37126708 PMCID: PMC10175780 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218906120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular sensing of most environmental cues involves receptors that affect a signal-transduction excitable network (STEN), which is coupled to a cytoskeletal excitable network (CEN). We show that the mechanism of sensing of nanoridges is fundamentally different. CEN activity occurs preferentially on nanoridges, whereas STEN activity is constrained between nanoridges. In the absence of STEN, waves disappear, but long-lasting F-actin puncta persist along the ridges. When CEN is suppressed, wave propagation is no longer constrained by nanoridges. A computational model reproduces these experimental observations. Our findings indicate that nanotopography is sensed directly by CEN, whereas STEN is only indirectly affected due to a CEN-STEN feedback loop. These results explain why texture sensing is robust and acts cooperatively with multiple other guidance cues in complex, in vivo microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
| | - Parijat Banerjee
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Matt J. Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Minxi Hu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Quan Qing
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ85287
| | - Pablo A. Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
- Institute of Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD20742
| | - Peter N. Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21205
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6
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Aluru NR, Aydin F, Bazant MZ, Blankschtein D, Brozena AH, de Souza JP, Elimelech M, Faucher S, Fourkas JT, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Kulik HJ, Li HK, Li Y, Li Z, Majumdar A, Martis J, Misra RP, Noy A, Pham TA, Qu H, Rayabharam A, Reed MA, Ritt CL, Schwegler E, Siwy Z, Strano MS, Wang Y, Yao YC, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2737-2831. [PMID: 36898130 PMCID: PMC10037271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water-energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Fikret Aydin
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Archith Rayabharam
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine92697, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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7
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Liaros N, Tomova Z, Gutierrez Razo SA, Bender JS, Souna AJ, Devoe RJ, Ender DA, Gates BJ, Fourkas JT. Thermal feature-size enhancement in multiphoton photoresists. Front Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.988997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a new approach for decreasing the feature size in multiphoton absorption polymerization (MAP). Acrylic photoresists containing the photoinitiator KL68 (bis-[4-(diphenylamino) stryl]-1-(2-ethylhexyloxy), 4-(methoxy)benzene) exhibit a proportional velocity (PROVE) dependence, yielding smaller feature sizes at lower fabrication speeds. The feature size in this photoresist decreases substantially with a temperature increase of less than 10°C when all other fabrication parameters are kept constant, suggesting that the PROVE behavior results from local heating. Although higher temperatures have previously been associated with decreased feature sizes in MAP, the effect observed here is considerably stronger than in previous work, and is shown to be a property of the photoinitiator. This discovery opens the door to exploiting thermal gradients to improve resolution in MAP lithography.
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8
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Wheatley BA, Rey-Suarez I, Hourwitz MJ, Kerr S, Shroff H, Fourkas JT, Upadhyaya A. Nanotopography modulates cytoskeletal organization and dynamics during T cell activation. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar88. [PMID: 35830602 PMCID: PMC9582624 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to MHC-antigen complexes on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) activates T cells, inducing the formation of the immune synapse (IS). Antigen detection at the APC surface is thus a critical step in the adaptive immune response. The physical properties of antigen-presenting surfaces encountered by T cells in vivo are believed to modulate T cell activation and proliferation. Although stiffness and ligand mobility influence IS formation, the effect of the complex topography of the APC surface on this process is not well understood. Here we investigate how nanotopography modulates cytoskeletal dynamics and signaling during the early stages of T cell activation using high-resolution fluorescence microscopy on nanofabricated surfaces with parallel nanoridges of different spacings. We find that although nanoridges reduce the maximum spread area as compared with cells on flat surfaces, the ridges enhance the accumulation of actin and the signaling kinase ZAP-70 at the IS. Actin polymerization is more dynamic in the presence of ridges, which influence the directionality of both actin flows and microtubule (MT) growth. Our results demonstrate that the topography of the activating surface exerts both global effects on T cell morphology and local changes in actin and MT dynamics, collectively influencing T cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Wheatley
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and.,Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Matt J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Sarah Kerr
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302
| | - Hari Shroff
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - John T Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Maryland Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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9
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Bull AL, Campanello L, Hourwitz MJ, Yang Q, Zhao M, Fourkas JT, Losert W. Actin Dynamics as a Multiscale Integrator of Cellular Guidance Cues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873567. [PMID: 35573675 PMCID: PMC9092214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells must integrate multiple, competing external guidance cues. However, it is not well understood how cells prioritize among these cues. We investigate external cue integration by monitoring the response of wave-like, actin-polymerization dynamics, the driver of cell motility, to combinations of nanotopographies and electric fields in neutrophil-like cells. The electric fields provide a global guidance cue, and approximate conditions at wound sites in vivo. The nanotopographies have dimensions similar to those of collagen fibers, and act as a local esotactic guidance cue. We find that cells prioritize guidance cues, with electric fields dominating long-term motility by introducing a unidirectional bias in the locations at which actin waves nucleate. That bias competes successfully with the wave guidance provided by the bidirectional nanotopographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby L. Bull
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Leonard Campanello
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Matt J. Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Qixin Yang
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Min Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Losert,
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10
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Yang Q, Miao Y, Campanello LJ, Hourwitz MJ, Abubaker-Sharif B, Bull AL, Devreotes PN, Fourkas JT, Losert W. Cortical waves mediate the cellular response to electric fields. eLife 2022; 11:73198. [PMID: 35318938 PMCID: PMC8942472 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrotaxis, the directional migration of cells in a constant electric field, is important in regeneration, development, and wound healing. Electrotaxis has a slower response and a smaller dynamic range than guidance by other cues, suggesting that the mechanism of electrotaxis shares both similarities and differences with chemical-gradient-sensing pathways. We examine a mechanism centered on the excitable system consisting of cortical waves of biochemical signals coupled to cytoskeletal reorganization, which has been implicated in random cell motility. We use electro-fused giant Dictyostelium discoideum cells to decouple waves from cell motion and employ nanotopographic surfaces to limit wave dimensions and lifetimes. We demonstrate that wave propagation in these cells is guided by electric fields. The wave area and lifetime gradually increase in the first 10 min after an electric field is turned on, leading to more abundant and wider protrusions in the cell region nearest the cathode. The wave directions display 'U-turn' behavior upon field reversal, and this switch occurs more quickly on nanotopography. Our results suggest that electric fields guide cells by controlling waves of signal transduction and cytoskeletal activity, which underlie cellular protrusions. Whereas surface receptor occupancy triggers both rapid activation and slower polarization of signaling pathways, electric fields appear to act primarily on polarization, explaining why cells respond to electric fields more slowly than to other guidance cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Yang
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Leonard J Campanello
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Matt J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | | | - Abby L Bull
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
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11
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Cohen SR, Plazanet M, Rols S, Voneshen DJ, Fourkas JT, Coasne B. Structure and dynamics of acetonitrile: Molecular simulation and neutron scattering. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Liaros N, Gutierrez Razo SA, Thum MD, Ogden HM, Zeppuhar AN, Wolf S, Baldacchini T, Kelley MJ, Petersen JS, Falvey DE, Mullin AS, Fourkas JT. Elucidating complex triplet-state dynamics in the model system isopropylthioxanthone. iScience 2022; 25:103600. [PMID: 35005547 PMCID: PMC8717599 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce techniques for probing the dynamics of triplet states. We employ these tools, along with conventional techniques, to develop a detailed understanding of a complex chemical system: a negative-tone, radical photoresist for multiphoton absorption polymerization in which isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) is the photoinitiator. This work reveals that the same color of light used for the 2-photon excitation of ITX, leading to population of the triplet manifold through intersystem crossing, also depletes this triplet population via linear absorption followed by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Using spectroscopic tools and kinetic modeling, we identify the reactive triplet state and a non-reactive reservoir triplet state. We present compelling evidence that the deactivation channel involves RISC from an excited triplet state to a highly vibrationally excited level of the electronic ground state. The work described here offers the enticing possibility of understanding, and ultimately controlling, the photochemistry and photophysics of a broad range of triplet processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Liaros
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Thum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrea N. Zeppuhar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Steven Wolf
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | | | - John S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel E. Falvey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Corresponding author
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13
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Fourkas JT, Kalpattu A, Hanson K, Dilbeck T. Extracting accurate information from triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion data with a mass-conserving kinetic model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:28174-28190. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is a process that shows promise for applications such as energy-harvesting and light-generation technologies. The irradiance dependent performance of TTA-UC systems is typically gauged using a...
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14
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Fourkas JT, Gao J, Han Z, Liu H, Marmiroli B, Naughton MJ, Petersen JS, Sun Y, Vagilio Pret A, Zheng Y. Grand Challenges in Nanofabrication: There Remains Plenty of Room at the Bottom. Front Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.700849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Cao L, Li D, Pollard T, Deng T, Zhang B, Yang C, Chen L, Vatamanu J, Hu E, Hourwitz MJ, Ma L, Ding M, Li Q, Hou S, Gaskell K, Fourkas JT, Yang XQ, Xu K, Borodin O, Wang C. Fluorinated interphase enables reversible aqueous zinc battery chemistries. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:902-910. [PMID: 33972758 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Metallic zinc is an ideal anode due to its high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g-1), low redox potential (-0.762 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode), high abundance and low toxicity. When used in aqueous electrolyte, it also brings intrinsic safety, but suffers from severe irreversibility. This is best exemplified by low coulombic efficiency, dendrite growth and water consumption. This is thought to be due to severe hydrogen evolution during zinc plating and stripping, hitherto making the in-situ formation of a solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) impossible. Here, we report an aqueous zinc battery in which a dilute and acidic aqueous electrolyte with an alkylammonium salt additive assists the formation of a robust, Zn2+-conducting and waterproof SEI. The presence of this SEI enables excellent performance: dendrite-free zinc plating/stripping at 99.9% coulombic efficiency in a Ti||Zn asymmetric cell for 1,000 cycles; steady charge-discharge in a Zn||Zn symmetric cell for 6,000 cycles (6,000 h); and high energy densities (136 Wh kg-1 in a Zn||VOPO4 full battery with 88.7% retention for >6,000 cycles, 325 Wh kg-1 in a Zn||O2 full battery for >300 cycles and 218 Wh kg-1 in a Zn||MnO2 full battery with 88.5% retention for 1,000 cycles) using limited zinc. The SEI-forming electrolyte also allows the reversible operation of an anode-free pouch cell of Ti||ZnxVOPO4 at 100% depth of discharge for 100 cycles, thus establishing aqueous zinc batteries as viable cell systems for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longsheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Travis Pollard
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Tao Deng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chongyin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jenel Vatamanu
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Enyuan Hu
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Matt J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Michael Ding
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Singyuk Hou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Karen Gaskell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiao-Qing Yang
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA.
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD, USA.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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16
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Lin X, Ye S, Kong C, Webb K, Yi C, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Fourkas JT, Nie Z. Polymeric Ligand-Mediated Regioselective Bonding of Plasmonic Nanoplates and Nanospheres. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17282-17286. [PMID: 32985879 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) clusters are attractive for many applications, but controllable and regioselective assembly of clusters remains challenging. This communication reports a strategy to precisely assemble Ag nanoplates (NP-As) and Au nanospheres (NP-Bs) grafted with copolymer ligands into defined ABx clusters with controlled coordination number (x) and orientation of the NPs. The directional bonding of shaped NPs relies on the stoichiometric reaction of complementary reactive groups on copolymer ligands. The x value of NP clusters can be tuned from 1 to 4 by varying the number ratio of reactive groups on single NP-Bs to NP-As. The regioselective bonding of nanospheres to the edge or face of a central nanoplate is governed by the steric hindrance of copolymeric ligands on the nanoplate. The clusters exhibit distinctive plasmonic properties that are dependent on the bonding modes of NPs. This study paves a route to fabricating nanostructures with high precision and complexity for applications in plasmonics, catalysis, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Shunsheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Mesoscopic Physics of Shaanxi Province, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Kyle Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chenglin Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shaoyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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17
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Lee RM, Campanello L, Hourwitz MJ, Alvarez P, Omidvar A, Fourkas JT, Losert W. Quantifying topography-guided actin dynamics across scales using optical flow. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1753-1764. [PMID: 32023172 PMCID: PMC7521856 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton is an essential component of many mechanotransduction and cellular force generation pathways. Here we use periodic surface topographies with feature sizes comparable to those of in vivo collagen fibers to measure and compare actin dynamics for two representative cell types that have markedly different migratory modes and physiological purposes: slowly migrating epithelial MCF10A cells and polarizing, fast-migrating, neutrophil-like HL60 cells. Both cell types exhibit reproducible guidance of actin waves (esotaxis) on these topographies, enabling quantitative comparisons of actin dynamics. We adapt a computer-vision algorithm, optical flow, to measure the directions of actin waves at the submicron scale. Clustering the optical flow into regions that move in similar directions enables micron-scale measurements of actin-wave speed and direction. Although the speed and morphology of actin waves differ between MCF10A and HL60 cells, the underlying actin guidance by nanotopography is similar in both cell types at the micron and submicron scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lee
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | | | - Matt J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Phillip Alvarez
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Ava Omidvar
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - John T Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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18
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Abstract
Two-beam action (2-BA) spectroscopies are a recently developed class of techniques for determining the order(s) of absorption (one-photon, two-photon, etc.) that contribute to an observable signal. When only a single order of absorption is present, 2-BA spectroscopies allow for the determination of that order from data obtained at a single value of the observable. It has been shown previously that when two orders of absorption are present, they can be determined unambiguously from measurements made at several values of the observable. However, this latter approach cannot be used for single-valued observables, such as a polymerization threshold. Here we develop a theoretical comparison between conventional methods that determine the order(s) of absorption using logarithmic plots and 2-BA-based techniques. We also explore how 2-BA plots arising from two orders of absorption deviate from a plot with a single, noninteger exponent. We demonstrate that these deviations can usually be used to identify the two orders of absorption and their relative contributions to the signal on the basis of measurements made at a single value of the observable.
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19
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Chen S, Hourwitz MJ, Campanello L, Fourkas JT, Losert W, Parent CA. Actin Cytoskeleton and Focal Adhesions Regulate the Biased Migration of Breast Cancer Cells on Nanoscale Asymmetric Sawteeth. ACS Nano 2019; 13:1454-1468. [PMID: 30707556 PMCID: PMC7159974 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Physical guidance from the underlying matrix is a key regulator of cancer invasion and metastasis. We explore the effects of surface topography on the migration phenotype of multiple breast cancer cell lines using aligned nanoscale ridges and asymmetric sawtooth structures. Both benign and metastatic breast cancer cells preferentially move parallel to nanoridges, with enhanced speeds compared to flat surfaces. In contrast, asymmetric sawtooth structures unidirectionally bias the movement of breast cancer cells in a cell-type-dependent manner. Quantitative analysis shows that the level of bias in cell migration increases when cells move with higher speeds or with higher directional persistence. Live-cell imaging studies further reveal that actin polymerization waves are unidirectionally guided by the sawteeth in the same direction as the cell motion. High-resolution fluorescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy studies reveal that two breast cancer cell lines with opposite migrational profiles exhibit profoundly different cell cortical plasticity and focal adhesion patterns. These results suggest that the overall migration response of cancer cells to surface topography is directly related to the underlying cytoskeletal architectures and dynamics, which are regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Matt J. Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Leonard Campanello
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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20
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Abstract
Multiphoton absorption (MPA) is an enabling technology for many applications. However, due to the low probability of MPA processes, their accurate characterization remains a challenge. Here we introduce a new technique, two-beam constant emission intensity (2-BCEIn) spectroscopy, that offers substantial advantages over other existing methods that use the generation of optical emission for the characterization of absorptive nonlinearities. We use 2-BCEIn to study nonlinear absorption in solutions of crystal violet lactone (CVL) over a range of excitation wavelengths in which the dominant nonlinear absorption process transitions from two-photon absorption (750 nm) to three-photon absorption (830 nm). At an excitation wavelength of 800 nm, both two-photon absorption and three-photon absorption contribute substantially to the nonlinear fluorescence excitation (NFE) signal, although the dynamic range of the NFE data is not sufficient to quantify the contributions of each process. 2-BCEIn spectroscopy enables the direct measurement of the local exponent at each emission intensity. 2-BCEIn measurements made at several different emission intensities demonstrate unambiguously that the nonlinear excitation of CVL at 800 nm cannot be described solely as the sum of a two-photon process and a three-photon process. A kinetic model that includes intrapulse excited-state absorption reproduces the features of the 2-BCEIn measurements and enables the determination of the ratio of the three-photon absorption cross section to the two-photon absorption cross section. Such information cannot easily be extracted from conventional NFE measurements. These results demonstrate the power and versatility of two-beam action spectroscopies for elucidating the complex photophysics of multiphoton absorption processes.
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21
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Abstract
B-cell signaling activation is most effectively triggered by the binding of B-cell receptors (BCRs) to membrane-bound antigens. In vivo, B-cells encounter antigen on antigen-presenting cells (APC), which possess complex surfaces with convoluted topographies, a fluid membrane and deformable cell bodies. However, whether and how the physical properties of antigen presentation affect B-cell activation is not well understood. Here we use nanotopographic surfaces that allow systematic variation of geometric parameters to show that surface features on a subcellular scale influence B-cell signaling and actin dynamics. Parallel nanoridges with spacings of 3 microns or greater induce actin intensity oscillations on the ventral cell surface. Nanotopography-induced actin dynamics requires BCR signaling, actin polymerization, and myosin contractility. The topography of the stimulatory surface also modulates the distribution of BCR clusters in activated B-cells. Finally, B-cells stimulated on nanopatterned surfaces exhibit intracellular calcium oscillations with frequencies that depend on topography. Our results point to the importance of physical aspects of ligand presentation, in particular, nanotopography for B-cell activation and antigen gathering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Alexandra Suberi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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22
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Liaros N, Cohen SR, Fourkas JT. Determination of the contributions of two simultaneous absorption orders using 2-beam action spectroscopy. Opt Express 2018; 26:9492-9501. [PMID: 29715899 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a 2-beam action (2-BA) spectroscopy was recently introduced as a method for determining the order of effective nonlinear absorption in multiphoton photoresists. Here we demonstrate that the 2-BA approach can be extended to any measureable observable generated by linear and/or nonlinear absorption. As an example, 2-beam constant-amplitude photocurrent spectroscopy is used to study absorption of a tightly focused, mode-locked or continuous-wave, 800 nm laser by a GaAsP photodiode. The effective order of the absorption process can be measured at any desired value of the photocurrent or photovoltage. A self-consistent framework is presented for using non-integral 2-BA exponents to determine the relative contributions of two absorption mechanisms of different order. The dependence of the ratio of the quadratic and linear contributions on the average excitation power is used to verify that these are the dominant orders of absorption in the photodiode with 800 nm excitation.
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23
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Sun X, Hourwitz MJ, Baker EM, Schmidt BUS, Losert W, Fourkas JT. Replication of biocompatible, nanotopographic surfaces. Sci Rep 2018; 8:564. [PMID: 29330498 PMCID: PMC5766624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of cells to sense and respond to nanotopography is being implicated as a key element in many physiological processes such as cell differentiation, immune response, and wound healing, as well as in pathologies such as cancer metastasis. To understand how nanotopography affects cellular behaviors, new techniques are required for the mass production of biocompatible, rigid nanotopographic surfaces. Here we introduce a method for the rapid and reproducible production of biocompatible, rigid, acrylic nanotopographic surfaces, and for the functionalization of the surfaces with adhesion-promoting molecules for cell experiments. The replica surfaces exhibit high optical transparency, which is advantageous for high-resolution, live-cell imaging. As a representative application, we demonstrate that epithelial cells form focal adhesions on surfaces composed of nanoscale ridges and grooves, and that the focal adhesions prefer to localize on the nanoridges. We further demonstrate that both F-actin and microtubules align along the nanoridges, but only F-actin aligns along the nanogrooves. The mass production of nanotopographic surfaces opens the door to the investigation of the effect of physical cues on the spatial distribution and the dynamics of intracellular proteins, and to the study of the mechanism of mechanosensing in processes such as cell migration, phagocytosis, division, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Matt J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eleni M Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - B U Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA. .,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE) spectroscopy is a widely used method for studying the depolarized, Raman-active intermolecular dynamics of liquids. Through appropriate manipulation of OKE data, it is possible to determine the reduced spectral density (RSD), which is the Bose-Einstein-corrected, low-frequency Raman spectrum with the contribution of diffusive reorientation removed. OKE RSDs for van der Waals liquids can often be fit well to an empirical function that is the sum of a Bucaro-Litovitz function and an antisymmetrized Gaussian (AG). Although these functions are not directly representative of specific intermolecular dynamics, the AG fit parameters can provide useful insights into the microscopic properties of liquids. Here we show that fits using the AG function are typically not well-determined, and that equally good results can be obtained with a wide range of fitting parameters. We propose the use of a physically motivated constraint on the amplitude of the AG function, and demonstrate that this constraint leads to more intuitive trends in the fit parameters for temperature-dependent RSDs in 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benoit Coasne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy , 38000 Grenoble, France
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25
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Fourkas JT. Avoiding the Reject after Editorial Review for X and Characterization [Where X = Synthesis, Preparation, or Fabrication]. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10435. [PMID: 29161818 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science & Technology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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26
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Fourkas JT. Avoiding the Reject after Editorial Review for X and Characterization [Where X = Synthesis, Preparation, or Fabrication]. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8745. [PMID: 29161819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Institute for Physical Science & Technology, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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27
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Cai T, Dutta S, Aghaeimeibodi S, Yang Z, Nah S, Fourkas JT, Waks E. Coupling Emission from Single Localized Defects in Two-Dimensional Semiconductor to Surface Plasmon Polaritons. Nano Lett 2017; 17:6564-6568. [PMID: 28968114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of an atom-like emitter to surface plasmons provides a path toward significant optical nonlinearity, which is essential in quantum information processing and quantum networks. A large coupling strength requires nanometer-scale positioning accuracy of the emitter near the surface of the plasmonic structure, which is challenging. We demonstrate the coupling of single localized defects in a tungsten diselenide (WSe2) monolayer self-aligned to the surface plasmon mode of a silver nanowire. The silver nanowire induces a strain gradient on the monolayer at the overlapping area, leading to the formation of localized defect emission sites that are intrinsically close to the surface plasmon. We measured an average coupling efficiency with a lower bound of 26% ± 11% from the emitter into the plasmonic mode of the silver nanowire. This technique offers a way to achieve efficient coupling between plasmonic structures and localized defects of two-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edo Waks
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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28
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Azatov M, Sun X, Suberi A, Fourkas JT, Upadhyaya A. Topography on a subcellular scale modulates cellular adhesions and actin stress fiber dynamics in tumor associated fibroblasts. Phys Biol 2017. [PMID: 28635615 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aa7acc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells can sense and adapt to mechanical properties of their environment. The local geometry of the extracellular matrix, such as its topography, has been shown to modulate cell morphology, migration, and proliferation. Here we investigate the effect of micro/nanotopography on the morphology and cytoskeletal dynamics of human pancreatic tumor-associated fibroblast cells (TAFs). We use arrays of parallel nanoridges with variable spacings on a subcellular scale to investigate the response of TAFs to the topography of their environment. We find that cell shape and stress fiber organization both align along the direction of the nanoridges. Our analysis reveals a strong bimodal relationship between the degree of alignment and the spacing of the nanoridges. Furthermore, focal adhesions align along ridges and form preferentially on top of the ridges. Tracking actin stress fiber movement reveals enhanced dynamics of stress fibers on topographically patterned surfaces. We find that components of the actin cytoskeleton move preferentially along the ridges with a significantly higher velocity along the ridges than on a flat surface. Our results suggest that a complex interplay between the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions coordinates the cellular response to micro/nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikheil Azatov
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
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29
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Souna AJ, Bender JS, Fourkas JT. How clean is the solvent you use to clean your optics? A vibrational sum-frequency-generation study. Appl Opt 2017; 56:3875-3878. [PMID: 28463281 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solvents for cleaning optics often come into contact with plastic and/or rubber during storage and transfer. To explore the effects that exposure to these materials can have on solvents, we used vibrational sum-frequency-generation spectroscopy to study a silica optic following cleaning with solvents that had come into contact with either low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene, or rubber. Our studies show that even brief contact of acetone, methanol, or isopropanol with plastic or rubber can cause otherwise pure solvents to leave a persistent residue.
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Abstract
Nitriles are important solvents not just for bulk reactions but also for interfacial processes such as separations, heterogeneous catalysis, and electrochemistry. Although nitriles have a polar end and a lipophilic end, the cyano group is not hydrophilic enough for these substances to be thought of as prototypical amphiphiles. This picture is now changing, as research is revealing that at a silica surface nitriles can organize into structures that, in many ways, resemble lipid bilayers. This unexpected organization may be a key component of unique interfacial behavior of nitriles that make them the solvents of choice for so many applications. The first hints of this lipid-bilayer-like (LBL) organization of nitriles at silica interfaces came from optical Kerr effect (OKE) experiments on liquid acetonitrile confined in the pores of sol-gel glasses. The orientational dynamics revealed by OKE spectroscopy suggested that the confined liquid is composed of a relatively immobile sublayer of molecules that accept hydrogen bonds from the surface silanol groups and an interdigitated, antiparallel layer that is capable of exchanging into the centers of the pores. This picture of acetonitrile has been borne out by molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational sum-frequency generation (VSFG) experiments. Remarkably, these simulations further indicate that the LBL organization is repeated with increasing disorder at least 20 Å into the liquid from a flat silica surface. Simulations and VSFG and OKE experiments indicate that extending the alkyl chain to an ethyl group leads to the formation of even more tightly packed LBL organization featuring entangled alkyl tails. When the alkyl portion of the molecule is a bulky t-butyl group, packing constraints prevent well-ordered LBL organization of the liquid. In each case, the surface-induced organization of the liquid is reflected in its interfacial dynamics. Acetonitrile/water mixtures are favored solvent systems for separations technologies such as hydrophilic interaction chromatography. Simulations had suggested that although a monolayer of water partitions to the silica surface in such mixtures, acetonitrile tends to associate with this monolayer. VSFG experiments reveal that, even at high water mole fractions, patches of well-ordered acetonitrile bilayers remain at the silica surface. Due to its ability to donate and accept hydrogen bonds, methanol also partitions to a silica surface in acetonitrile/methanol mixtures and can serve to take the place of acetonitrile in the sublayer closest to the surface. These studies reveal that liquid nitriles can exhibit an unexpected wealth of new organizational and dynamic behaviors at silica surfaces, and presumably at the surfaces of other chemically important materials as well. This behavior cannot be predicted from the bulk organization of these liquids. Our new understanding of the interfacial behavior of these liquids will have important implications for optimizing a wide range of chemical processes in nitrile solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Berne
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Walker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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31
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Bender JS, Cohen SR, He X, Fourkas JT, Coasne B. Toward in Situ Measurement of the Density of Liquid Benzene Using Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9103-14. [PMID: 27472265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Benoit Coasne
- Laboratoire
Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS (UMR 5588), F-38000 Grenoble, France
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32
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Mullin AS, Fourkas JT. The International Year of Light and the Chemistry Classroom. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3882-3883. [PMID: 26722887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Mullin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Wang L, Liu Y, He J, Hourwitz MJ, Yang Y, Fourkas JT, Han X, Nie Z. Continuous Microfluidic Self-Assembly of Hybrid Janus-Like Vesicular Motors: Autonomous Propulsion and Controlled Release. Small 2015; 11:3762-3767. [PMID: 25925707 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201500527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic strategy is developed for the continuous fabrication of hybrid Janus vesicular motors that uniquely combine the capability of autonomous propulsion and externally controlled delivery of encapsulated payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Matthew J Hourwitz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yunlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Abstract
Photolithography is a crucial technology for both research and industry. The desire to be able to create ever finer features has fuelled a push towards lithographic methods that use electromagnetic radiation or charged particles with the shortest possible wavelength. At the same time, the physics and chemistry involved in employing light or particles with short wavelengths present great challenges. A new class of approaches to photolithography on the nanoscale involves the use of photoresists that can be activated with one colour of visible or near-ultraviolet light and deactivated with a second colour. Such methods hold the promise of attaining lithographic resolution that rivals or even exceeds that currently sought by industry, while at the same time using wavelengths of light that are inexpensive to produce and can be manipulated readily. The physical chemistry of 2-colour photolithography is a rich area of science that is only now beginning to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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35
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Bender JS, Coasne B, Fourkas JT. Assessing Polarizability Models for the Simulation of Low-Frequency Raman Spectra of Benzene. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:9345-58. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509968v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John S. Bender
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, and ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Multiscale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466
CNRS-MIT, and #Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachussetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, and ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Multiscale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466
CNRS-MIT, and #Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachussetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, and ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Multiscale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466
CNRS-MIT, and #Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachussetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Brozena AH, Leeds JD, Zhang Y, Fourkas JT, Wang Y. Controlled defects in semiconducting carbon nanotubes promote efficient generation and luminescence of trions. ACS Nano 2014; 8:4239-4247. [PMID: 24669843 DOI: 10.1021/nn500894p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate efficient creation of defect-bound trions through chemical doping of controlled sp(3) defect sites in semiconducting, single-walled carbon nanotubes. These tricarrier quasi-particles luminesce almost as brightly as their parent excitons, indicating a remarkably efficient conversion of excitons into trions. Substantial populations of trions can be generated at low excitation intensities, even months after a sample has been prepared. Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a trion binding energy as high as 262 meV, which is substantially larger than any previously reported values. This discovery may have important ramifications not only for studying the basic physics of trions but also for the application of these species in fields such as photonics, electronics, and bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, and ∥Center for Nanophysics and Applied Materials, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Shule Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute
for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland
NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Center
for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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38
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Driscoll MK, Sun X, Guven C, Fourkas JT, Losert W. Cellular contact guidance through dynamic sensing of nanotopography. ACS Nano 2014; 8:3546-55. [PMID: 24649900 PMCID: PMC4017610 DOI: 10.1021/nn406637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the effects of surface nanotopography on the migration and cell shape dynamics of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. Multiple prior studies have implicated the patterning of focal adhesions in contact guidance. However, we observe significant contact guidance of Dictyostelium along surfaces with nanoscale ridges or grooves, even though this organism lacks integrin-based adhesions. Cells that move parallel to nanoridges are faster, more protrusive at their fronts, and more elongated than are cells that move perpendicular to nanoridges. Quantitative studies show that nanoridges spaced 1.5 μm apart exhibit the greatest contact guidance efficiency. Because Dictyostelium cells exhibit oscillatory shape dynamics, we model contact guidance as a process in which stochastic cellular harmonic oscillators couple to the periodicity of the nanoridges. In support of this connection, we find that nanoridges nucleate actin polymerization waves of nanoscale width that propagate parallel to the nanoridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K. Driscoll
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Can Guven
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
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39
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Sikorsky AA, Fourkas JT, Ross D. Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis with Field-Amplified Continuous Sample Injection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3625-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison A. Sikorsky
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Material
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Institute for Physical
Science and Technology, Maryland NanoCenter, and Center for Nanophysics
and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - David Ross
- Material
Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
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40
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Rivera CA, Souna AJ, Bender JS, Manfred K, Fourkas JT. Reorientation-Induced Spectral Diffusion in Vibrational Sum-Frequency-Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:15875-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408877a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Amanda J. Souna
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - John. S. Bender
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Katherine Manfred
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
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41
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Rivera CA, Bender JS, Manfred K, Fourkas JT. Persistence of Acetonitrile Bilayers at the Interface of Acetonitrile/Water Mixtures with Silica. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12060-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4045572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Rivera
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John S. Bender
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Katherine Manfred
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science & Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, ⊥Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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42
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Ropp C, Cummins Z, Nah S, Qin S, Seog JH, Lee SB, Fourkas JT, Shapiro B, Waks E. Fabrication of nanoassemblies using flow control. Nano Lett 2013; 13:3936-3941. [PMID: 23883172 DOI: 10.1021/nl402059u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanostructures, such as nanoparticles and nanowires, can serve as modular building blocks for integrated nanoscale systems. We demonstrate a microfluidic approach for positioning, orienting, and assembling such nanostructures into nanoassemblies. We use flow control combined with a cross-linking photoresist to position and immobilize nanostructures in desired positions and orientations. Immobilized nanostructures can serve as pivots, barriers, and guides for precise placement of subsequent nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Ropp
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering/IREAP, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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43
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He J, Wei Z, Wang L, Tomova Z, Babu T, Wang C, Han X, Fourkas JT, Nie Z. Hydrodynamically Driven Self-Assembly of Giant Vesicles of Metal Nanoparticles for Remote-Controlled Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201208425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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44
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He J, Wei Z, Wang L, Tomova Z, Babu T, Wang C, Han X, Fourkas JT, Nie Z. Hydrodynamically Driven Self-Assembly of Giant Vesicles of Metal Nanoparticles for Remote-Controlled Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2463-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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45
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Leeds JD, Fourkas JT, Wang Y. Achieving ultrahigh concentrations of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes using small-molecule viscosity modifiers. Small 2013; 9:241-247. [PMID: 22930552 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201201472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant dispersion is a well-established method for stabilizing individual single-walled carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions. However, achieving high concentrations of individually dispersed nanotubes with this technique has proven challenging. Here it is demonstrated that the introduction of viscosity-enhancing compounds such as sucrose can increase the maximum concentration of surfactant-dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes by more than a factor of 100 while still retaining the optical properties of individual nanotubes. When these solutions are used as inks for methods such as inkjet printing, they retain their fluorescent properties even after the ink has dried.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett D Leeds
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Shule Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, and ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, ‡Institute for Physical Science and Technology, §Maryland NanoCenter, and ∥Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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47
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Driscoll MK, McCann C, Kopace R, Homan T, Fourkas JT, Parent C, Losert W. Cell shape dynamics: from waves to migration. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002392. [PMID: 22438794 PMCID: PMC3305346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We observe and quantify wave-like characteristics of amoeboid migration. Using the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a model system for the study of chemotaxis, we demonstrate that cell shape changes in a wave-like manner. Cells have regions of high boundary curvature that propagate from the leading edge toward the back, usually along alternating sides of the cell. Curvature waves are easily seen in cells that do not adhere to a surface, such as cells that are electrostatically repelled from surfaces or cells that extend over the edge of micro-fabricated cliffs. Without surface contact, curvature waves travel from the leading edge to the back of a cell at -35 µm/min. Non-adherent myosin II null cells do not exhibit these curvature waves. At the leading edge of adherent cells, curvature waves are associated with protrusive activity. Like regions of high curvature, protrusive activity travels along the boundary in a wave-like manner. Upon contact with a surface, the protrusions stop moving relative to the surface, and the boundary shape thus reflects the history of protrusive motion. The wave-like character of protrusions provides a plausible mechanism for the zig-zagging of pseudopods and for the ability of cells both to swim in viscous fluids and to navigate complex three dimensional topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K. Driscoll
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Colin McCann
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rael Kopace
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tess Homan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carole Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Dawood F, Qin S, Li L, Lin EY, Fourkas JT. Simultaneous microscale optical manipulation, fabrication and immobilisation in aqueous media. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20351k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Abstract
The shape and motion of cells can yield significant insights into the internal operation of a cell. We present a simple, yet versatile, framework that provides multiple metrics of cell shape and cell shape dynamics. Analysis of migrating Dictyostelium discoideum cells shows that global and local metrics highlight distinct cellular processes. For example, a global measure of shape shows rhythmic oscillations suggestive of contractions, whereas a local measure of shape shows wave-like dynamics indicative of protrusions. From a local measure of dynamic shape, or boundary motion, we extract the times and locations of protrusions and retractions. We find that protrusions zigzag, while retractions remain roughly stationary along the boundary. We do not observe any temporal relationship between protrusions and retractions. Our analysis framework also provides metrics of the boundary as whole. For example, as the cell speed increases, we find that the cell shape becomes more elongated. We also observe that while extensions and retractions have similar areas, their shapes differ.
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