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Wang T, Ul Islam T, Steur E, Homan T, Aggarwal I, Onck PR, den Toonder JMJ, Wang Y. Programmable metachronal motion of closely packed magnetic artificial cilia. Lab Chip 2024; 24:1573-1585. [PMID: 38305798 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00956d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in artificial cilia technologies, the application of metachrony, which is the collective wavelike motion by cilia moving out-of-phase, has been severely hampered by difficulties in controlling closely packed artificial cilia at micrometer length scales. Moreover, there has been no direct experimental proof yet that a metachronal wave in combination with fully reciprocal ciliary motion can generate significant microfluidic flow on a micrometer scale as theoretically predicted. In this study, using an in-house developed precise micro-molding technique, we have fabricated closely packed magnetic artificial cilia that can generate well-controlled metachronal waves. We studied the effect of pure metachrony on fluid flow by excluding all symmetry-breaking ciliary features. Experimental and simulation results prove that net fluid transport can be generated by metachronal motion alone, and the effectiveness is strongly dependent on cilia spacing. This technique not only offers a biomimetic experimental platform to better understand the mechanisms underlying metachrony, it also opens new pathways towards advanced industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongsheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tanveer Ul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Steur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tess Homan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ishu Aggarwal
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R Onck
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Homan T, Monnier S, Jebane C, Nicolas A, Delanoë-Ayari H. Measuring the average cell size and width of its distribution in cellular tissues using Fourier transform. Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 2022; 45:44. [PMID: 35532848 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an in-depth investigation of a fully automated Fourier-based analysis to determine the cell size and the width of its distribution in 3D biological tissues. The results are thoroughly tested using generated images, and we offer valuable criteria for image acquisition settings to optimize accuracy. We demonstrate that the most important parameter is the number of cells in the field of view, and we show that accurate measurements can already be made on volume only containing [Formula: see text] cells. The resolution in z is also not so important, and a reduced number of in-depth images, of order of one per cell, already provides a measure of the mean cell size with less than 5% error. The technique thus appears to be a very promising tool for very fast live local volume cell measurement in 3D tissues in vivo while strongly limiting photobleaching and phototoxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Homan
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvain Monnier
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cécile Jebane
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Alice Nicolas
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETIMinatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
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Homan T, Delanoë-Ayari H, Meli AC, Cazorla O, Gergely C, Mejat A, Chevalier P, Moreau A. MorphoScript: a dedicated analysis to assess the morphology and contractile structures of cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:4209-4215. [PMID: 34048539 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Cardiomyocytes derived from stem cells are closely followed, notably since the discovery in 2007 of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM) derived from hiPSC are indeed more and more used to study specific cardiac diseases as well as for developing novel applications such as drug safety experiments. Robust dedicated tools to characterize hiPSC-CM are now required. The hiPSC-CM morphology constitutes an important parameter since these cells do not demonstrate the expected rod shape, characteristic of native human cardiomyocytes. Similarly, the presence, the density and the organization of contractile structures would be a valuable parameter to study. Precise measurements of such characteristics would be useful in many situations: for describing pathological conditions, for pharmacological screens or even for studies focused on the hiPSC-CM maturation process. RESULTS For this purpose, we developed a MATLAB based image analysis toolbox, which gives accurate values for cellular morphology parameters as well as for the contractile cell organization. IMPLEMENTATION To demonstrate the power of this automated image analysis, we used a commercial maturation medium intended to promote the maturation status of hiPSC-CM, and compare the parameters with the ones obtained with standard culture medium, and with freshly dissociated mouse cardiomyocytes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Homan
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon; Institut lumière matière, (Lyon, France)
| | - Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon; Institut lumière matière, (Lyon, France)
| | - Albano C Meli
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
| | - Csilla Gergely
- L2C, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Mejat
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon; Neuromyogene Institut, (Lyon, France)
| | - Philippe Chevalier
- Claude Bernard University, Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon; Neuromyogene Institut, (Lyon, France).,Hospices civils de Lyon, Service de Rythmologie, (Bron, France)
| | - Adrien Moreau
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier
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Durande M, Tlili S, Homan T, Guirao B, Graner F, Delanoë-Ayari H. Fast determination of coarse-grained cell anisotropy and size in epithelial tissue images using Fourier transform. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:062401. [PMID: 31330615 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.062401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical strain and stress play a major role in biological processes such as wound healing or morphogenesis. To assess this role quantitatively, fixed or live images of tissues are acquired at a cellular precision in large fields of views. To exploit these data, large numbers of cells have to be analyzed to extract cell shape anisotropy and cell size. Most frequently, this is performed through detailed individual cell contour determination, using so-called segmentation computer programs, complemented if necessary by manual detection and error corrections. However, a coarse-grained and faster technique can be recommended in at least three situations: first, when detailed information on individual cell contours is not required; for instance, in studies which require only coarse-grained average information on cell anisotropy. Second, as an exploratory step to determine whether full segmentation can be potentially useful. Third, when segmentation is too difficult, for instance due to poor image quality or too large a cell number. We developed a user-friendly, Fourier-transform-based image analysis pipeline. It is fast (typically 10^{4} cells per minute with a current laptop computer) and suitable for time, space, or ensemble averages. We validate it on one set of artificial images and on two sets of fully segmented images, one from a Drosophila pupa and the other from a chicken embryo; the pipeline results are robust. Perspectives include in vitro tissues, nonbiological cellular patterns such as foams and xyz stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Durande
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Campus LyonTech - La Doua, Kastler building, 10 rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - S Tlili
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
- Mechanobiology Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive, 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - T Homan
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Campus LyonTech - La Doua, Kastler building, 10 rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - B Guirao
- Polarity, Division and Morphogenesis Team, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 3215, INSERM U934, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - F Graner
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - H Delanoë-Ayari
- Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5306, Institut Lumière Matière, Campus LyonTech - La Doua, Kastler building, 10 rue Ada Byron, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Joubaud S, Homan T, Gasteuil Y, Lohse D, van der Meer D. Forces encountered by a sphere during impact into sand. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 90:060201. [PMID: 25615033 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe direct measurements of the acceleration of an object impacting on a loosely packed granular bed under various pressures, using an instrumented sphere. The sphere acts as a noninvasive probe that measures and continuously transmits the acceleration as it penetrates into the sand, using a radio signal. The time-resolved acceleration of the sphere reveals the detailed dynamics during the impact that cannot be resolved from the position information alone. Because of the unobstructed penetration, we see a downward acceleration of the sphere at the moment the air cavity collapses. The compressibility of the sand bed is observed through the oscillatory behavior of the acceleration curve for various ambient pressures; it shows the influence of interstitial air on the compaction of the sand as a function of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Joubaud
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Tess Homan
- Physics of Fluids Group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Y Gasteuil
- smartINST S.A.S., 213 rue de Gerland, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Devaraj van der Meer
- Physics of Fluids Group, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
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Homan T, Gjaltema C, van der Meer D. Collapsing granular beds: the role of interstitial air. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2014; 89:052204. [PMID: 25353784 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.052204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A prefluidized sand bed consisting of fine particles compactifies when it is subjected to a shock. We observe that the response depends on both the shock strength and the ambient pressure, where, counterintuitively, at high ambient pressure the compaction is larger, which we connect to a decrease of the static friction inside the bed. We find that the interstitial air is trapped inside the bed during and long after compaction. We deduce this from measuring the pressure changes above and below the bed: The top pressure decreases abruptly, on the time scale of the compaction, whereas that below the bed slowly rises to a maximum. Subsequently, both gently relax to ambient values. We formulate a one-dimensional diffusion model that uses only the change in bed height and the ambient pressure as an input, and we show that it leads to a fully quantitative understanding of the measured pressure variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Homan
- Physics of Fluids Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Gjaltema
- Physics of Fluids Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Devaraj van der Meer
- Physics of Fluids Group, Mesa+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
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Driscoll MK, McCann C, Kopace R, Homan T, Fourkas JT, Parent C, Losert W. Cell shape dynamics: from waves to migration. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002392. [PMID: 22438794 PMCID: PMC3305346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We observe and quantify wave-like characteristics of amoeboid migration. Using the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum, a model system for the study of chemotaxis, we demonstrate that cell shape changes in a wave-like manner. Cells have regions of high boundary curvature that propagate from the leading edge toward the back, usually along alternating sides of the cell. Curvature waves are easily seen in cells that do not adhere to a surface, such as cells that are electrostatically repelled from surfaces or cells that extend over the edge of micro-fabricated cliffs. Without surface contact, curvature waves travel from the leading edge to the back of a cell at -35 µm/min. Non-adherent myosin II null cells do not exhibit these curvature waves. At the leading edge of adherent cells, curvature waves are associated with protrusive activity. Like regions of high curvature, protrusive activity travels along the boundary in a wave-like manner. Upon contact with a surface, the protrusions stop moving relative to the surface, and the boundary shape thus reflects the history of protrusive motion. The wave-like character of protrusions provides a plausible mechanism for the zig-zagging of pseudopods and for the ability of cells both to swim in viscous fluids and to navigate complex three dimensional topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan K. Driscoll
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Colin McCann
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rael Kopace
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tess Homan
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carole Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wolfgang Losert
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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