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Shu C, Pink M, Junghoefer T, Nadler E, Rajca S, Casu MB, Rajca A. Synthesis and Thin Films of Thermally Robust Quartet ( S = 3/2) Ground State Triradical. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5508-5518. [PMID: 33787241 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-spin (S = 3/2) organic triradicals may offer enhanced properties with respect to several emerging technologies, but those synthesized to date typically exhibit small doublet quartet energy gaps and/or possess limited thermal stability and processability. We report a quartet ground state triradical 3, synthesized by a Pd(0)-catalyzed radical-radical cross-coupling reaction, which possesses two doublet-quartet energy gaps, ΔEDQ ≈ 0.2-0.3 kcal mol-1 and ΔEDQ2 ≈ 1.2-1.8 kcal mol-1. The triradical has a 70+% population of the quartet ground state at room temperature and good thermal stability with onset of decomposition at >160 °C under an inert atmosphere. Magnetic properties of 3 are characterized by SQUID magnetometry in polystyrene glass and by quantitative EPR spectroscopy. Triradical 3 is evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum to form thin films of intact triradicals on silicon substrate, as confirmed by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AFM and SEM images of the ∼1 nm thick films indicate that the triradical molecules form islands on the substrate. The films are stable under ultrahigh vacuum for at least 17 h but show onset of decomposition after 4 h at ambient conditions. The drop-cast films are less prone to degradation in air and have a longer lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Nadler
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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2
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Junghoefer T, Nowik-Boltyk EM, de Sousa JA, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Chassé T, Veciana J, Mas-Torrent M, Rovira C, Crivillers N, Casu MB. Stability of radical-functionalized gold surfaces by self-assembly and on-surface chemistry. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9162-9172. [PMID: 34123165 PMCID: PMC8163401 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03399e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the radical functionalization of gold surfaces with a derivative of the perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radical using two methods: by chemisorption from the radical solution and by on-surface chemical derivation from a precursor. We have investigated the obtained self-assembled monolayers by photon-energy dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Our results show that the molecules were successfully anchored on the surfaces. We have used a robust method that can be applied to a variety of materials to assess the stability of the functionalized interface. The monolayers are characterized by air and X-ray beam stability unprecedented for films of organic radicals. Over very long X-ray beam exposure we observed a dynamic nature of the radical-Au complex. The results clearly indicate that (mono)layers of PTM radical derivatives have the necessary stability to withstand device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | | | - J Alejandro de Sousa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes 5101 Mérida Venezuela
| | | | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Núria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Networking Research Center on Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN) Campus de la UAB 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen 72076 Tübingen Germany
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3
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Gallagher N, Zhang H, Junghoefer T, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Pink M, Rajca S, Casu MB, Rajca A. Thermally and Magnetically Robust Triplet Ground State Diradical. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4764-4774. [PMID: 30816035 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High spin ( S = 1) organic diradicals may offer enhanced properties with respect to several emerging technologies, but typically exhibit low singlet triplet energy gaps and possess limited thermal stability. We report triplet ground state diradical 2 with a large singlet-triplet energy gap, Δ EST ≥ 1.7 kcal mol-1, leading to nearly exclusive population of triplet ground state at room temperature, and good thermal stability with onset of decomposition at ∼160 °C under inert atmosphere. Magnetic properties of 2 and the previously prepared diradical 1 are characterized by SQUID magnetometry of polycrystalline powders, in polystyrene glass, and in other matrices. Polycrystalline diradical 2 forms a novel one-dimensional (1D) spin-1 ( S = 1) chain of organic radicals with intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling of J'/ k = -14 K, which is associated with the N···N and N···O intermolecular contacts. The intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling in 2 is by far strongest among all studied 1D S = 1 chains of organic radicals, which also makes 1D S = 1 chains of 2 most isotropic, and therefore an excellent system for studies of low-dimensional magnetism. In polystyrene glass and in frozen benzene or dibutyl phthalate solution, both 1 and 2 are monomeric. Diradical 2 is thermally robust and is evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum to form thin films of intact diradicals on silicon substrate, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Based on C-K NEXAFS spectra and AFM images of the ∼1.5 nm thick films, the diradical molecules form islands on the substrate with molecules stacked approximately along the crystallographic a-axis. The films are stable under ultrahigh vacuum for at least 60 h but show signs of decomposition when exposed to ambient conditions for 7 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Str 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Str 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405-7102 , United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
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4
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Liu Y, Chen X, Men S, Licence P, Xi F, Ren Z, Zhu W. The impact of cation acidity and alkyl substituents on the cation–anion interactions of 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:11058-11065. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01381d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
XPS is used to probe the cation–anion interactions in 1-alkyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Xianze Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Shuang Men
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Peter Licence
- School of Chemistry
- The University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Feng Xi
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Zhen Ren
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering
- Shenyang Ligong University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
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5
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Hrubý J, Santana VT, Kostiuk D, Bouček M, Lenz S, Kern M, Šiffalovič P, van Slageren J, Neugebauer P. A graphene-based hybrid material with quantum bits prepared by the double Langmuir–Schaefer method. RSC Adv 2019; 9:24066-24073. [PMID: 35527863 PMCID: PMC9069494 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The scalability and stability of molecular qubits deposited on surfaces is a crucial step for incorporating them into upcoming electronic devices. Herein, we report on the preparation and characterisation of a molecular quantum bit, copper(ii)dibenzoylmethane [Cu(dbm)2], deposited by a modified Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) technique onto a graphene-based substrate. A double LS deposition was used for the preparation of a few-layer-graphene (FLG) on a Si/SiO2 substrate with subsequent deposition of the molecules. Magnetic properties were probed by high-frequency electron spin resonance (HF-ESR) spectroscopy and found maintained after deposition. Additional spectroscopic and imaging techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed to characterise the deposited sample. Our approach demonstrated the possibility to utilise a controlled wet-chemistry protocol to prepare an array of potential quantum bits on a disordered graphene-based substrate. The deployed spectroscopic techniques showed unambiguously the robustness of our studied system with a potential to fabricate large-scale, intact, and stable quantum bits. Graphene-based hybrid material with array of copper(ii)-based quantum bits was prepared by a wet-chemistry protocol and characterised by HF-ESR, XPS, Raman, and AFM.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Hrubý
- Central European Institute of Technology
- CEITEC BUT
- 61200 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | | | - Dmytro Kostiuk
- Institute of Physics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84511 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Martin Bouček
- Institute of Physical Engineering
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Brno University of Technology
- 61669 Brno
- Czech Republic
| | - Samuel Lenz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Michal Kern
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Peter Šiffalovič
- Institute of Physics
- Slovak Academy of Sciences
- 84511 Bratislava
- Slovakia
| | - Joris van Slageren
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Stuttgart
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - Petr Neugebauer
- Central European Institute of Technology
- CEITEC BUT
- 61200 Brno
- Czech Republic
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6
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Men S, Mitchell DS, Lovelock KRJ, Licence P. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Pyridinium-Based Ionic Liquids: Comparison to Imidazolium- and Pyrrolidinium-Based Analogues. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:2211-8. [PMID: 25952131 PMCID: PMC4768647 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigate eight 1-alkylpyridinium-based ionic liquids of the form [Cn Py][A] by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electronic environment of each element of the ionic liquids is analyzed. In particular, a reliable fitting model is developed for the C 1s region that applies to each of the ionic liquids. This model allows the accurate charge correction of binding energies and the determination of reliable and reproducible binding energies for each ionic liquid. Shake-up/off phenomena are determinedfor both C 1s and N 1s spectra. The electronic interaction between cations and anions is investigated for both simple ionic liquids and an example of an ionic-liquid mixture; the effect of the anion on the electronic environment of the cation is also explored. Throughout the study, a detailed comparison is made between [C8 Py][A] and analogues including 1-octyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium- ([C8 C1 Pyrr][A]), and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium- ([C8 C1 Im][A]) based samples, where X is common to all ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Men
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110168 (P. R. China).
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (UK).
| | - Daniel S Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (UK)
| | | | - Peter Licence
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD (UK).
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7
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Lovelock KRJ, Villar-Garcia IJ, Maier F, Steinrück HP, Licence P. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Ionic Liquid-Based Interfaces. Chem Rev 2010; 110:5158-90. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100114t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. J. Lovelock
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ignacio J. Villar-Garcia
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Maier
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Licence
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K., and Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Rocco MLM, Haeming M, Batchelor DR, Fink R, Schöll A, Umbach E. Electronic relaxation effects in condensed polyacenes: A high-resolution photoemission study. J Chem Phys 2009; 129:074702. [PMID: 19044787 DOI: 10.1063/1.2966356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of condensed films of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene. High spectroscopic resolution and a systematic variation of the molecular size allow a detailed analysis of the fine structures. The line shapes of the C 1s main lines are analyzed with respect to the different contributions of inhomogeneous broadening, vibronic coupling, and chemical shifts. The shake-up satellite spectra reveal trends, which give insight into the charge redistribution within the molecule upon photoexcitation. In particular, the shake-up between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) increases in intensity and moves closer toward the C 1s main line if the size of the aromatic system is increased. An explanation is given on the basis of the delocalization of the aromatic system and its capability in screening the photogenerated core hole. A comparison of the HOMO-LUMO shake-up position to the optical band gap gives additional insight into the reorganization of the electronic system upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L M Rocco
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundao, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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9
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Zahn DRT, Gavrila GN, Salvan G. Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopies Applied to Organic/Inorganic Interfaces. Chem Rev 2007; 107:1161-232. [PMID: 17428025 DOI: 10.1021/cr050141p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich R T Zahn
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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10
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Schöll A, Zou Y, Jung M, Schmidt T, Fink R, Umbach E. Line shapes and satellites in high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectra of large pi-conjugated organic molecules. J Chem Phys 2006; 121:10260-7. [PMID: 15549902 DOI: 10.1063/1.1807812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-resolution C1s and O1 s x-ray photoemission (XPS) study for condensed films of pi-conjugated organic molecules, namely, of the anhydrides 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,8-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, and benzoperylene-(1,8)-dicarboxylic acid anhydride as well as the quinoic acenaphthenequinone. Although the functional groups are identical for the anhydrides, the molecules show very different photoemission fine structure thus providing a detailed fingerprint. A simultaneous peak fit analysis of the XPS spectra of all molecules allows to consistently determine the ionization potentials of all chemically different carbon and oxygen atoms. Additional structures in the C1s and O1s spectra are interpreted as shakeup satellites and assigned with the help of singles and doubles configuration interaction calculations. These satellites provide further information on multielectron excitations and must be taken into account for quantitative investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schöll
- Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Persson P, Lunell S, Szöke A, Ziaja B, Hajdu J. Shake-up and shake-off excitations with associated electron losses in X-ray studies of proteins. Protein Sci 2001; 10:2480-4. [PMID: 11714915 PMCID: PMC2374029 DOI: 10.1110/ps.ps.26201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Photoionization of an atom by X-rays usually removes an inner shell electron from the atom, leaving behind a perturbed "hollow ion" whose relaxation may take different routes. In light elements, emission of an Auger electron is common. However, the energy and the total number of electrons released from the atom may be modulated by shake-up and shake-off effects. When the inner shell electron leaves, the outer shell electrons may find themselves in a state that is not an eigen-state of the atom in its surroundings. The resulting collective excitation is called shake-up. If this process also involves the release of low energy electrons from the outer shell, then the process is called shake-off. It is not clear how significant shake-up and shake-off contributions are to the overall ionization of biological materials like proteins. In particular, the interaction between the outgoing electron and the remaining system depends on the chemical environment of the atom, which can be studied by quantum chemical methods. Here we present calculations on model compounds to represent the most common chemical environments in proteins. The results show that the shake-up and shake-off processes affect approximately 20% of all emissions from nitrogen, 30% from carbon, 40% from oxygen, and 23% from sulfur. Triple and higher ionizations are rare for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen, but are frequent for sulfur. The findings are relevant to the design of biological experiments at emerging X-ray free-electron lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Persson
- Department of Quantum Chemistry, Uppsala University, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Golod A, Deleuze MS, Cederbaum LS. Valence correlation bands of model oligomers of polyethylene: A Green’s function study by the band-Lanczos approach. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.478504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Golod
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. S. Deleuze
- Limburgs Universitair Centrum, Institute for Materials Science (IMO), Departement SBG, Universitaire Campus, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - L. S. Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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The New Challenges of the Theory of Ionization for Polymers and Solids. ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3276(08)60456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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14
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Yang L, gren H. Core-electron shake-up spectra of polyenes: A theoretical study on size and site dependences and excitonic character. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 54:13649-13655. [PMID: 9985279 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.13649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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15
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16
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Deleuze MS, Cederbaum LS. Formation of satellite bands in the ionization spectra of extended systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1996; 53:13326-13339. [PMID: 9983077 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Enkvist C, Lunell S, Sjögren B, Brühwiler PA, Svensson S. The C1s shakeup spectra of Buckminsterfullerene, acenaphthylene, and naphthalene, studied by high resolution x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum mechanical calculations. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Fronzoni G, De Alti G, Decleva P, Lisini A. Correlation effects in core and valence photoelectron spectra of alkene molecules. Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(95)00067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Baldovin A, De Alti G, Decleva P, Fronzoni G, Lisini A. Ab initio calculations of the core ionization spectra of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Chem Phys 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0301-0104(93)85008-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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