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Quantum state holography to reconstruct the molecular wave packet using an attosecond XUV-XUV pump-probe technique. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12981. [PMID: 32737413 PMCID: PMC7395139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69733-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An attosecond molecular interferometer is proposed by using a XUV-XUV pump-probe scheme. The interferograms resulting in the photoelectron distributions enable the full reconstruction of the molecular wave packet associated to excited states using a quantum state holographic approach that, to our knowledge, has only been proposed for simple atomic targets combining attosecond XUV pulses with IR light. In contrast with existing works, we investigate schemes where one- and two-photon absorption paths contribute to ionize the hydrogen molecule and show that it is possible to retrieve the excitation dynamics even when imprinted in a minority channel. Furthermore, we provide a systematic analysis of the time-frequency maps that reveal the distinct, but tightly coupled, motion of electrons and nuclei.
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Abstract
Understanding the coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules by using pump-probe schemes requires not only the use of short enough laser pulses but also wavelengths and intensities that do not modify the intrinsic behavior of the system. In this respect, extreme UV pulses of few-femtosecond and attosecond durations have been recognized as the ideal tool because their short wavelengths ensure a negligible distortion of the molecular potential. In this work, we propose the use of two twin extreme UV pulses to create a molecular interferometer from direct and sequential two-photon ionization processes that leave the molecule in the same final state. We theoretically demonstrate that such a scheme allows for a complete identification of both electronic and nuclear phases in the wave packet generated by the pump pulse. We also show that although total ionization yields reveal entangled electronic and nuclear dynamics in the bound states, doubly differential yields (differential in both electronic and nuclear energies) exhibit in addition the dynamics of autoionization, i.e., of electron correlation in the ionization continuum. Visualization of such dynamics is possible by varying the time delay between the pump and the probe pulses.
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Heid M, Chen T, Pausch R, Schwoerer H, Kiefer W. Ultrafast Coherent Control in the Electronic Ground State of a Molecule. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Renziehausen K, Hader K, Jakubetz W, Engel V. Weak-field, multiple-cycle carrier envelope phase effects in laser excitation. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1464-70. [PMID: 23436555 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although the absolute or carrier envelope phase (CEP) of a laser pulse is usually assumed to be effective for ultrashort and/or ultrastrong pulses only, it is demonstrated that these limitations can eventually be removed. Therefore, the excitation of a model positively charged homonuclear diatomic molecule, in which four electronic states are coupled by the laser field, is studied. In an initial step, nuclear wave packets in two dissociative states are prepared. Upon reaching the fragment channel, a weak pulse interacts with the system and prepares CEP-dependent asymmetries associated with electron density localized on one or the other fragmentation product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Renziehausen
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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Schubert A, Engel V. Two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy of coherent wave-packet motion. J Chem Phys 2012; 134:104304. [PMID: 21405162 DOI: 10.1063/1.3560165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We theoretically study two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopic signals obtained from femtosecond pulse interactions with diatomic molecules. The vibrational wave-packet dynamics is monitored in the signals. During the motion in anharmonic potentials the wave packets exhibit vibrational revivals and fractional revivals which are associated with particular quantum phases. The time-dependent phase changes are identified by inspection of the complex-valued 2D spectra. We use the Na(2) molecule as a numerical example and discuss various pulse sequences which yield information about vibrational level structure and phase relationships in different electronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schubert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Marquetand P, Nuernberger P, Brixner T, Engel V. Molecular dump processes induced by chirped laser pulses. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:074303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2960581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sepúlveda MA, Grossmann F. Time-Dependent Semiclassical Mechanics. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470141557.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Warmuth C, Tortschanoff A, Milota F, Leibscher M, Shapiro M, Prior Y, Averbukh IS, Schleich W, Jakubetz W, Kauffmann HF. Molecular quantum dynamics in a thermal system: Fractional wave packet revivals probed by random-phase fluorescence interferometry. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1369661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Luo Q, Dai DC, Wang GQ, Ninulescu V, Yu XY, Luo L, Zhou JY, Yan Y. Theory and experiment of coherent wave packet dynamics in rare earth solids: Absorption spectrum vs femtosecond fringe-resolved interferogram. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1335659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Donoso A, Kohen D, Martens CC. Simulation of nonadiabatic wave packet interferometry using classical trajectories. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Warmuth C, Tortschanoff A, Milota F, Shapiro M, Prior Y, Averbukh IS, Schleich W, Jakubetz W, Kauffmann HF. Studying vibrational wavepacket dynamics by measuring fluorescence interference fluctuations. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wavepacket dynamics in the ground electronic state of a diatomic molecule. Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01310-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Makarov DE, Metiu H. Stochastic Schrödinger equation. II. A study of the coherence seen in pump-probe experiments that use a strong pump laser. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nicole C, Bouchène MA, Meier C, Magnier S, Schreiber E, Girard B. Competition of different ionization pathways in K2 studied by ultrafast pump–probe spectroscopy: A comparison between theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Leichtle C, Schleich WP, Averbukh IS, Shapiro M. Wave packet interferometry without phase-locking. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.476501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bardeen CJ, Wang Q, Shank CV. Femtosecond Chirped Pulse Excitation of Vibrational Wave Packets in LD690 and Bacteriorhodopsin. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. Bardeen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q. Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - C. V. Shank
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Blanchet V, Bouchène MA, Girard B. Temporal coherent control in the photoionization of Cs2: Theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Schmitt M, Knopp G, Materny A, Kiefer W. The Application of Femtosecond Time-Resolved Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering for the Investigation of Ground and Excited State Molecular Dynamics of Molecules in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp972213p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schmitt
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - G. Knopp
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - A. Materny
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - W. Kiefer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie der Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Christian JF, Snoek LC, Clement SG. Application of associative ionization to the observation of quantum beats in low-lying atomic resonances. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1996; 53:1894-1899. [PMID: 9913085 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.1894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Bardeen CJ, Wang Q, Shank CV. Selective excitation of vibrational wave packet motion using chirped pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1995; 75:3410-3413. [PMID: 10059579 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.75.3410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
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Christian JF, Broers B. Cross correlations in Ramsey pump-probe interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 52:3655-3660. [PMID: 9912667 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.52.3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Wójcik A, Parzynski R. Rydberg atom driven by a sequence of two laser pulses: Ramsey interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1995; 51:4787-4796. [PMID: 9912169 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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